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Indian National Committee for Space Research

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were fired, marking the start of upper atmospheric research in India. An indigenous series of sounding rockets named
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The Smithsonian History of Space Exploration: From the Ancient World to the Extraterrestrial Future
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to harness their knowledge of propellants and advanced light materials used to build rockets.
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Emerging Space Powers: The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East and South-America
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was subsequently developed and started undergoing launches from 1967 onwards.
842: 3046: 3034: 2998: 2699: 2264: 1890: 1878: 1362: 1342: 1178: 979: 832: 811: 226:(who later became the President of India) was amongst the initial team of 1383: 827: 728: 449:"'Success is yours, failure is mine' makes one a great leader: Mujumdar" 167:, recognising the need in space research. It committed to formulate the 2529: 2158: 1394: 1164: 1327: 1138: 837: 781: 505: 400: 227: 191: 674:
Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN–SPACe)
3259: 3145: 1143: 801: 786: 735: 591: 222:, another IOFS officer, developed the propellant for the rockets. 2723: 2465: 1991: 1628: 1045: 708: 234: 195: 85: 1437: 562: 365:
Brian Harvey; Henk H. F. Smid; Theo Pirard (30 January 2011).
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in space science and research. The then director of the DAE,
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The Saga of Indian Science Since Independence: In a Nutshell
206:, an IOFS officer, was appointed the first director of the 341:
Ready To Fire: How India and I Survived the ISRO Spy Case
252: 250: 371:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 144–. 634:
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST)
476:"I'm proud that I recommended him for ISRO: EV Chitnis" 175:. The committee took over the responsibilities of the 659:
Development and Educational Communication Unit (DECU)
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At the time, the committee was part of the 8: 1286:ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network 149:Indian National Committee for Space Research 22:Indian National Committee for Space Research 21: 1413:List of Satish Dhawan Space Centre launches 338:Nambi Narayanan; Arun Ram (10 April 2018). 2441: 1845: 1599: 1475: 1456: 1442: 1434: 1192:Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station 1128: 1008: 581: 567: 559: 317:. Smithsonian Institution. pp. 196–. 208:Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station 188:Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station 639:Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) 624:Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) 344:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 59–. 246: 1086:RLV Technology Demonstration Programme 543:from the original on 19 September 2020 173:Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 20: 1250:Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems 7: 311:Roger D. Launius (23 October 2018). 263:. Universities Press. pp. 39–. 960:Indian human spaceflight programme 654:Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) 512:from the original on 28 March 2019 284:Marco Aliberti (17 January 2018). 235:Indian Space Research Organisation 14: 531:Chari, Sridhar K (22 July 2006). 3360: 3348: 3336: 3324: 3312: 3300: 3277: 3265: 3253: 3153: 3134: 3107: 3095: 3076: 3064: 3040: 3028: 3016: 3004: 2992: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2931: 2919: 2907: 2895: 2856: 2844: 2832: 2820: 2808: 2796: 2784: 2772: 2760: 2748: 2729: 2717: 2705: 2693: 2681: 2669: 2650: 2638: 2626: 2614: 2602: 2588: 2576: 2483: 2413: 2394: 2375: 2356: 2337: 2318: 2306: 2294: 2282: 2270: 2258: 2235: 2223: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2175: 2152: 2140: 2111: 2099: 2076: 2064: 2040: 2028: 2016: 2004: 1985: 1931: 1908: 1884: 1872: 1815: 1803: 1774: 1762: 1750: 1738: 1726: 1701: 1689: 1677: 1665: 1653: 1634: 1622: 1610: 1576: 1564: 1552: 1540: 1521: 1509: 1281:Indian Space Science Data Centre 1230:Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre 682: 590: 486:from the original on 9 July 2021 230:engineers forming the INCOSPAR. 926:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission 474:Pawar, Ashwini (29 July 2015). 194:on the southern tip of India. 1296:National Remote Sensing Centre 1: 649:NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) 198:officers were drawn from the 1465:Public-sector space agencies 1220:Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre 1202:Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport 756:Human Spaceflight Programme 422:Mann, Adam (1 March 2019). 220:Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan 186:INCOSPAR decided to set up 177:Department of Atomic Energy 161:Department of Atomic Energy 140:Department of Atomic Energy 45:; 62 years ago 3431: 1245:ISRO Inertial Systems Unit 1187:Satish Dhawan Space Centre 680: 290:. Springer. pp. 12–. 3375: 1423:List of ISRO chairpersons 1408:List of Indian satellites 1403: 1276:Indian Deep Space Network 1255:Human Space Flight Centre 1240:Space Applications Centre 608:Department of Space (DoS) 603: 200:Indian Ordnance Factories 26: 3415:Space programme of India 1225:U R Rao Satellite Centre 1291:Master Control Facility 1235:ISRO Propulsion Complex 157:Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru 102:Prime Minister of India 1305:Legislation and policy 937:Mars Orbiter Mission 2 597:Indian space programme 533:"Sky is not the limit" 169:Indian Space Programme 63:; 55 years ago 1418:List of ISRO missions 1312:Space Activities Bill 943:Venus Orbiter Mission 664:Integrated Space Cell 3387:Soviet space program 932:Mars Orbiter Mission 855:planetary spacecraft 807:South Asia Satellite 669:Defence Space Agency 224:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 95:Minister responsible 61:August 15, 1969 2537:Guiana Space Centre 1358:Bellatrix Aerospace 1213:Research facilities 821:Space observatories 506:"About ISRO – ISRO" 455:. 19 September 2021 393:"About ISRO - ISRO" 165:Dr. Vikram Sarabhai 23: 16:Former space agency 1390:Statio Shiv Shakti 1379:National Space Day 1198:under development 993:ISRO Space Station 629:Antrix Corporation 3402: 3401: 3122: 3121: 2433: 2432: 1837: 1836: 1719:and the Caribbean 1591: 1590: 1431: 1430: 1333:Skyroot Aerospace 1321:Private companies 1173: 1172: 1120: 1119: 953:Human spaceflight 867:Moon Impact Probe 378:978-1-4419-0874-2 351:978-93-86826-27-5 324:978-1-58834-637-7 297:978-3-319-71652-7 270:978-81-7371-435-1 145: 144: 136:Parent department 3422: 3385:Preceded by the 3365: 3364: 3363: 3353: 3352: 3351: 3341: 3340: 3339: 3329: 3328: 3327: 3317: 3316: 3315: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3112: 3111: 3110: 3100: 3099: 3098: 3081: 3080: 3079: 3069: 3068: 3067: 3045: 3044: 3043: 3033: 3032: 3031: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3009: 3008: 3007: 2997: 2996: 2995: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2950: 2949: 2948: 2936: 2935: 2934: 2924: 2923: 2922: 2912: 2911: 2910: 2900: 2899: 2898: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2849: 2848: 2847: 2837: 2836: 2835: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2777: 2776: 2775: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2734: 2733: 2732: 2722: 2721: 2720: 2710: 2709: 2708: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2686: 2685: 2684: 2674: 2673: 2672: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2619: 2618: 2617: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2593: 2592: 2591: 2581: 2580: 2579: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2442: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2399: 2398: 2397: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2342: 2341: 2340: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2311: 2310: 2309: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2263: 2262: 2261: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2228: 2227: 2226: 2216: 2215: 2214: 2204: 2203: 2202: 2192: 2191: 2190: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2157: 2156: 2155: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2081: 2080: 2079: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2045: 2044: 2043: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2021: 2020: 2019: 2009: 2008: 2007: 1990: 1989: 1988: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1913: 1912: 1911: 1889: 1888: 1887: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1846: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1767: 1766: 1765: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1743: 1742: 1741: 1731: 1730: 1729: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1694: 1693: 1692: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1658: 1657: 1656: 1639: 1638: 1637: 1627: 1626: 1625: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1600: 1581: 1580: 1579: 1569: 1568: 1567: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1526: 1525: 1524: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1476: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1435: 1129: 1009: 686: 595: 594: 583: 576: 569: 560: 553: 552: 550: 548: 528: 522: 521: 519: 517: 502: 496: 495: 493: 491: 471: 465: 464: 462: 460: 445: 439: 438: 436: 434: 419: 413: 412: 410: 408: 403:on 28 March 2019 399:. 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2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2436: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2402: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2383: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2365: 2364: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2346: 2345: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2304: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2280: 2278: 2268: 2266: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2221: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2173: 2172: 2170: 2166: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2109: 2107: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2084: 2074: 2072: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2048: 2038: 2036: 2026: 2024: 2014: 2012: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1993: 1983: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1939: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1882: 1880: 1870: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1854: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1828: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1813: 1811: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1782: 1772: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1748: 1746: 1736: 1734: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1717:Latin America 1715: 1709: 1699: 1697: 1687: 1685: 1675: 1673: 1663: 1661: 1651: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1632: 1630: 1620: 1618: 1608: 1607: 1605: 1603:North America 1601: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1574: 1572: 1562: 1560: 1550: 1548: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1519: 1517: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1396: 1393: 1391: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1253: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1197: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1134: 1130: 1127: 1123: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1098: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1060: 1058: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1028: 1025: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1001: 994: 991: 987: 984: 983: 982: 981: 977: 973: 972: 968: 966: 963: 962: 961: 958: 957: 955: 951: 944: 941: 938: 935: 933: 930: 927: 924: 921: 920:Chandrayaan-4 918: 914: 912: 908: 906: 904: 900: 899: 898: 897:Chandrayaan-3 895: 891: 889: 885: 883: 881: 877: 876: 875: 874:Chandrayaan-2 872: 868: 865: 864: 863: 862:Chandrayaan-1 860: 859: 857: 851: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 825: 823: 819: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 788: 785: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 769: 767: 763: 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Murthy 201: 197: 193: 189: 184: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 141: 138: 134: 127: 122: 119: 118: 116: 113: 109: 103: 100: 99: 97: 93: 87: 84: 83: 81: 79: 74: 60: 56: 42: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 3391:Preceded by 3243:Intersputnik 3088:TÜBİTAK UZAY 2549:EUTELSAT IGO 2445:Pan-European 2406:TÜBİTAK UZAY 1865:Central Asia 1481:and pan-Arab 1353:Dhruva Space 978: 969: 910: 902: 887: 879: 545:. Retrieved 536: 526: 514:. Retrieved 500: 488:. Retrieved 479: 469: 457:. Retrieved 452: 443: 431:. Retrieved 427: 417: 407:11 September 405:. Retrieved 401:the original 396: 387: 367: 360: 340: 333: 313: 306: 286: 279: 259: 232: 185: 152: 148: 146: 112:Space agency 78:Space agency 76:Superseding 33:Space agency 18: 3393:Interkosmos 3367:Interkosmos 2473:Eurocontrol 2123:Antrix Corp 1479:Pan-African 1338:Sisir Radar 1059:Suborbital 751:Chandrayaan 537:The Tribune 190:(TERLS) at 181:Homi Bhabha 3379:See also: 2092:South Asia 1696:USSPACECOM 1179:Spaceports 995:(proposed) 945:(proposed) 939:(proposed) 928:(proposed) 922:(upcoming) 845:(proposed) 843:AstroSat-2 765:Satellites 692:Programmes 241:References 159:under the 68:1969-08-15 3047:Roscosmos 3035:KazCosmos 2999:ArmCosmos 2700:DTU Space 2662:BIRA-IASB 2609:EU SatCen 2368:KACST-SRI 2265:ArmCosmos 2251:West Asia 1924:East Asia 1891:Roscosmos 1879:KazCosmos 1849:Pan-Asian 1363:TeamIndus 1343:Satellize 980:Gaganyaan 853:Lunar and 833:Aditya-L1 812:Kalpana-1 777:Aryabhata 480:DNA India 428:Space.com 114:executive 58:Dissolved 3409:Category 3272:UNCOPUOS 2583:DG DEFIS 2544:EUMETSAT 1596:Americas 1502:National 1384:SAGA-220 1039:Launches 1027:Launches 1018:Orbital 828:Astrosat 729:Cartosat 699:Bhaskara 547:14 March 541:Archived 516:28 March 510:Archived 484:Archived 459:11 April 433:27 March 237:(ISRO). 210:, where 153:INCOSPAR 126:Chairman 35:overview 3233:ISS MCB 3127:Oceania 2902:PTSPACE 2868:CBK PAN 2530:ESTRACK 2456:CENELEC 2159:SUPARCO 2106:SPARRSO 1943:SASTIND 1660:FAA/AST 1493:Arabsat 1395:RESPOND 1372:Related 1165:SCE-200 1125:Engines 1100:Retired 911:Pragyan 888:Pragyan 490:13 July 66: ( 48: ( 3293:Former 3284:UNOOSA 3186:COSPAR 2657:BELSPO 2438:Europe 2230:GISTDA 2206:PhilSA 2071:SaTReC 1973:PLAASF 1641:NESDIS 1571:NASRDA 1488:RASCOM 1472:Africa 1328:Pixxel 1139:CE-7.5 1132:Active 1063:Rohini 1012:Active 971:SRE-II 905:lander 903:Vikram 882:lander 880:Vikram 838:XPoSat 782:HAMSAT 741:Rohini 375:  348:  321:  294:  267:  228:rocket 216:Rohini 192:Thumba 40:Formed 3343:NASDA 3260:ITU-R 3248:ODCWG 3228:ISECG 3218:ICSMD 3176:CCSDS 3169:World 3146:CSIRO 2985:Other 2878:KRRiT 2863:POLSA 2633:BEREC 2595:EUSPA 2515:ECSAT 2510:ESRIN 2500:ESTEC 2424:MBRSC 2420:UAESA 2313:NEHSA 2301:IRIAF 2182:LAPAN 1978:CASIC 1967:CGWIC 1856:APSCO 1757:CONAE 1583:SANSA 1559:GSSTC 1547:ESSTI 1533:NARSS 1149:Vikas 1144:CE-20 965:SRE-1 913:rover 890:rover 802:SARAL 797:NISAR 787:IMS-1 772:APPLE 746:SROSS 736:RISAT 719:IRNSS 714:INSAT 704:GAGAN 3319:KCST 3307:BNSC 3238:ITSO 3223:IMSO 3213:IADC 3191:IPDA 3181:CEOS 3160:NZSA 3114:UKSA 3102:SSAU 3057:VVKO 3011:MAKA 2976:SNSA 2926:INTA 2914:ROSA 2851:NOSA 2827:SRON 2724:CNES 2676:SRTI 2621:EASA 2566:and 2525:ESOC 2520:ESAC 2495:ECSS 2478:ECAC 2466:ETSI 2461:CEPT 2387:GORS 2349:NCSR 2330:ISRC 2289:NSSA 2277:MAKA 2242:VNSC 2218:SSTL 2194:MYSA 2133:NRSC 2118:ISRO 2083:TASA 2057:KASI 2052:KARI 2047:KASA 2035:NATA 2023:NICT 1997:ISAS 1992:JAXA 1958:CAST 1953:CALT 1948:CASC 1938:CNSA 1915:TNSA 1842:Asia 1827:IVIC 1822:ABAE 1791:INPE 1786:DCTA 1733:ALCE 1684:USSF 1629:NASA 1528:EgSA 1516:ASAL 1112:ASLV 1091:NGLV 1051:SSLV 1046:LVM3 1034:GSLV 1022:PSLV 986:CARE 709:GSAT 549:2021 518:2019 492:2021 461:2023 435:2019 409:2019 373:ISBN 346:ISBN 319:ISBN 292:ISBN 265:ISBN 196:IOFS 147:The 86:ISRO 50:1962 43:1962 3355:SSP 3331:NAL 3208:GSC 3203:GEO 3141:ASA 3083:TUA 3071:SSO 3052:SRI 3023:BSA 2964:AEE 2952:EAE 2938:AEC 2888:ULC 2883:ORO 2873:UKE 2839:NSO 2815:LSO 2803:LSA 2791:ASI 2779:HSO 2767:HSA 2755:DLR 2741:CdE 2736:AAE 2712:ESO 2688:CSO 2645:ALR 2568:EEA 2554:ESO 2505:EAC 2490:ESA 2452:CEN 2401:TUA 2382:SSA 2363:SSA 2344:ISA 2325:ISA 2147:DSA 2128:DoS 2011:JSS 1963:CCF 1896:SRI 1810:CCE 1796:ITA 1781:AEB 1769:ABE 1745:AEM 1708:NRO 1672:FCC 1646:OSC 1617:CSA 1107:SLV 1068:ATV 724:IRS 3411:: 2564:EU 1901:VK 539:. 535:. 508:. 482:. 478:. 451:. 426:. 395:. 249:^ 123:, 2454:/ 2426:) 2422:( 1457:e 1450:t 1443:v 582:e 575:t 568:v 551:. 520:. 494:. 463:. 437:. 411:. 381:. 354:. 327:. 300:. 273:. 151:( 70:) 52:)

Index

Space agency
Space agency
ISRO
Prime Minister of India
Space agency
Vikram Sarabhai
Chairman
Department of Atomic Energy
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
Department of Atomic Energy
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
Indian Space Programme
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
Department of Atomic Energy
Homi Bhabha
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
Thumba
IOFS
Indian Ordnance Factories
H.G.S. Murthy
Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
sounding rockets
Rohini
Waman Dattatreya Patwardhan
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
rocket
Indian Space Research Organisation


The Saga of Indian Science Since Independence: In a Nutshell

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