493:
only within the group, so it is vital that these ceremonies are remembered and performed correctly. Men and women have different roles, and are sometimes appointed as guardians of a sacred site, whose role it is to care for the site and the spiritual beings who live there, achieved partly by performing ceremonies. The terms “men’s business” and “women’s business” are sometimes used; neither have greater spiritual needs or responsibilities than the other, but jointly ensure that sacred practices are passed on. Men often conduct ceremonies, but women are also guardians of special knowledge, hold great spiritual power within a group, and conduct ceremonies. Participation in ceremonies can also be restricted by age, family group, language group, but are sometimes open to all, depending on the purpose of the ceremony.
3466:
993:. Avoidance relations differ from tribe to tribe in terms of strictness and to whom they apply. Typically, there is an avoidance relationship between a man and his mother-in-law, usually between a woman and her father-in-law, and sometimes between any person and their same-sex parent-in-law. For some tribes, avoidance relationships are extended to other family members, such as the mother-in-law's brother in
1288:
1519:
699:(2018), of the Rom ceremony as an "extension of friendship" and "ritual of diplomacy", of which the "full significance ... has yet to be appreciated by the Australian public. At the heart of this symbolic act is a gift – of song and dance and cultural knowledge, but it comes with obligations. The acceptance of such a gift enmeshes the recipients into a continual process of reciprocity".
790:
687:, with the intent of establishing or re-establishing friendly terms with them; a form of diplomacy. The process of making and decorating the poles can extend over weeks, and involves successive sessions of song and dance, culminating in the ceremony where gifts are exchanged. In April 2017, a four-day festival to mark the Rom ceremony was attended by about 500 people at
377:". As this term refers to a specific religion, the medical establishment has suggested that "self-willed death", or "bone-pointing syndrome" is more appropriate. In Australia, the practice is still common enough that hospitals and nursing staff are trained to manage illness caused by "bad spirits" and bone pointing.
403:). Madayin includes the rom, as well as the objects that symbolise the law, oral rules, names and song cycles, and the sacred places that are used to maintain, develop and provide education in the law. Rom can be roughly translated as "law" or "culture", but it embodies more than either of these words.
1487:
practiced in
Australia and is based on Aboriginal combat sports that existed in the pre-colonial period before the 19th century. Combining the movements of the traditional kangaroo dance as a warm up ritual, with a style of wrestling that utilizes a yellow 4.5 meter diameter circle that has black and
492:
Ceremonies provide a time and place for everyone in the group and community to work together to ensure the ongoing survival of spiritual and cultural beliefs. Certain stories are individually "owned" by a group, and in some cases dances, body decoration and symbols in a ceremony pass on these stories
452:
have been a part of
Aboriginal culture since the beginning, and still play a vital part in society. They are held often, for many different reasons, all of which are based on the spiritual beliefs and cultural practices of the community. They include Dreaming stories, secret events at sacred sites,
368:
The expectation that death would result from having a bone pointed at a victim is not without foundation. Other similar rituals that cause death have been recorded around the world. Victims become listless and apathetic, usually refusing food or water with death often occurring within days of being
741:
now performed at many events held in
Australia, intended to highlight the cultural significance of the surrounding area to a particular Aboriginal group. The welcome must be performed by a recognised elder of the group. The welcome ceremony is sometimes accompanied by a smoking ceremony, music or
414:
It covers ownership of land and waters and the resources within this region; it controls production trade; and includes social, religious and ethical laws. These include laws for conservation and farming of flora and fauna. Observance of
Madayin creates a state of balance, peace and true justice,
134:
Australian
Aboriginal art has a history spanning thousands of years. Aboriginal artists continue these traditions using both modern and traditional materials in their artworks. Aboriginal art is the most internationally recognizable form of Australian art. Several styles of Aboriginal art have
504:, or clan songs); some may be shared with people outside the community, but some are never shared. There is a wide range of songs, dances, music, body ornamentation, costume, and symbolism, designed to connect the body with the spiritual world of the ancestors. Ceremonies help to sustain
566:
Burial practices differ from group to group. In parts of
Northern Australia, there are two stages of burial. After the body has been on an elevated platform, covered with leaves and branches, long enough for the flesh to rot away from the bones, the bones are collected, painted with
1378:
1444:
There are many
Indigenous AFL players at professional level, with approximately one in ten players being of Indigenous origin as of 2007. The contribution of the Aboriginal people to the game is recognized by the annual AFL "Dreamtime at the 'G" match at the
1441:; the term "mark" is traditionally used in Rugby and other games that predate AFL to describe a free kick resulting from a catch, in reference to the player making a mark on the ground from which to take a free kick, rather than continuing to play on.
562:
would meet to discuss important issues relating to the environment, social relationships, politics and
Dreaming lore, feasting and sharing dance ceremonies. Many conflicts would be settled at this event, and consequences for breaches of laws were
52:
are emphasised. The words "law" and "lore", the latter relating to the customs and stories passed down through the generations, are commonly used interchangeably. Learned from childhood, lore dictates the rules on how to interact with the land,
223:, and includes the ancestral stories about the supernatural creator-beings and how they created places. Each story can be called a "Dreaming", with the whole continent criss-crossed by Dreamings or ancestral tracks, also represented by
672:, which lasts for several days around the grave of the deceased about six months after their death. Elaborate funerary posts known as tutini are erected around the grave before the ceremony, and dancers dance and sing around the posts.
306:
The words "law" and "lore" are commonly used interchangeably: "law" was introduced by the
British, whereas "lore" relates to the customs and stories from the Dreamtime, which has been passed on through countless generations through
923:
in 1969, is the practice of regularly and systematically burning patches of vegetation used in
Central to Northern Australia to facilitate hunting, to reduce the frequency of major bush-fires, and to change the composition of
3882:
935:
in an area. This "fire-stick farming", or "burning off", reduces the fuel-load for a potential major bush fire, while fertilising the ground and increasing the number of young plants, providing additional food for
1432:
Similarity between Marn Grook and Australian football include jumping to catch the ball or high "marking", which results in a free kick. Use of the word "mark" in the game may be influenced by the Marn Grook word
1307:
is often considered the national instrument of Aboriginal Australians; however, it was traditionally played by peoples of Northern Australia, and only by the men. It has possibly been used by the people of the
104:(although the latter has a more specific definition). Some of the stories are many thousands of years old. In a study published in February 2020, new evidence produced using radiometric dating showed that both
2148:, Collection of photographs taken at opening of 'It's about friendship' - Rom, a ceremony from Arnhem Land exhibition at the National Library of Australia, Canberra, 5 January 1995., nla.obj-147351861
3281:
80:
landscapes. Traditional Aboriginal music developed a number of unique instruments, and contemporary Aboriginal music spans many genres. Aboriginal peoples did not develop a system of writing before
3588:
608:(Ancestral Law, or Dreamtime). The ceremony carries camaraderie, joy, playfulness and seriousness, and may last for hours. There are many different inma, all profoundly significant to the culture.
365:. The kurdaitcha may be brought in to punish a guilty party by death. The word may also relate to the ritual in which the death is willed by the kurdaitcha man, known also as bone-pointing.
1076:
had not developed a system of writing, so the first literary accounts of Aboriginal people come from the journals of early European explorers, which contain descriptions of first contact.
4171:
578:
is a ceremonial meeting for Australian Aboriginal people, interacting with the Dreaming and accompanied by song and dance. They differ from group to group, and may be sacred and private.
4483:
1645:
Matchan, Erin L.; Phillips, David; Jourdan, Fred; Oostingh, Korien (2020). "Early human occupation of southeastern Australia: New insights from 40Ar/39Ar dating of young volcanoes".
3560:
1374:
fur, and was played in a group of four to six players in circle. It was a co-operative kicking game to see for how long the ball can be kept in the air before it touches the ground.
970:
of mainland Australia and a few nearby islands. The relationships between these languages are not clear at present. Many Australian Aboriginal cultures have or traditionally had a
3854:
3809:
112:
volcanoes erupted at least 34,000 years ago. Significantly, this is a "minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the
4362:
3824:
2352:
3912:
3902:
4258:
3862:
3593:
3505:
3329:
1461:
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ENGAGING - A Guide to Interacting Respectfully and Reciprocally with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People, and their Arts Practices and Intellectual Property
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and various native yams. Since the 1970s, there has been recognition of the nutritional and gourmet value of native foods by non-Indigenous Australians, and the
4159:
3887:
3292:
4329:
3726:
3603:
207:
45:
4476:
4285:
2112:
1318:
are probably the more ubiquitous musical instrument, especially because they help maintain rhythm. More recently, Aboriginal musicians have branched into
4394:
4206:
3994:
3979:
3598:
3535:
3142:
2407:
219:, or Dreaming. The Dreaming is considered to be both the ancient time of creation and the present-day reality of Dreaming. It describes the Aboriginal
3897:
3804:
3540:
1342:
908:) are highly respected men and women who not only acted as healers or doctors, but also generally served as custodians of important Dreaming stories.
231:
65:
2187:
The first ROM ceremony, a 'ritual of diplomacy', performed outside Arnhem Land was held when the Anbarra people...presented a Rom to AIATSIS in 1982.
1803:
The Emu in the Sky: Stories about the Aboriginals and the day and night skies. The emu in the sky is shown in the dark space between stars° - The Emu
4404:
4357:
4013:
3522:
4450:
4341:
4297:
3917:
3716:
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683:- see previous section) ceremony, involving songs, dances, and artefacts, which involve presenting other neighbouring communities with decorated
3182:
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4469:
4134:
3651:
2677:
1578:
1552:
1542:
2987:
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3407:
3110:
3039:
2521:
2005:
1946:
1925:
1868:
1810:
1620:
4149:
3829:
3498:
3435:
453:
homecomings, births and deaths. They still play a very important part in the lives and culture of Aboriginal people. They are performed in
85:
4377:
461:
with the aim of ensuring a plentiful supply of foods; in many regions they play an important part in educating children, passing on the
301:
3413:
3256:"Blog Archive » Coreeda Assoc. of Australia | Documenting & Promoting Traditional Wrestling Styles from Around the World"
4196:
4116:
3877:
3741:
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287:
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4096:
4066:
3661:
2942:
2843:
2789:
3255:
2755:
2356:
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1142:(1920–1993) was a famous Aboriginal poet, writer and rights activist credited with publishing the first Aboriginal book of verse:
172:
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between certain kin or at particular times, such as during a mourning period for women or during initiation ceremonies for men.
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oral histories which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest oral traditions in existence. An axe found underneath
61:
31:
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4427:
4372:
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1036:
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505:
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and other fauna hunted for meat. It is regarded as good husbandry and "looking after the land" by Aboriginal people of the
369:"cursed". When victims survive, it is assumed that the ritual was faulty in its execution. The phenomenon is recognized as
4492:
4154:
3872:
3789:
3736:
3686:
2486:
2256:(Report). Resource: Indigenous Perspectives: Res008. Queensland Government and Queensland Studies Authority. February 2008
1345:(ACPA) to preserve and nurture Aboriginal music and talent across all styles and genres from traditional to contemporary.
1012:
312:
54:
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1414:
148:
4409:
4248:
4139:
3984:
3922:
3907:
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3679:
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customary law is the "Madayin", which embodies the rights and responsibilities of the owners of the law, or citizens (
3819:
4231:
3867:
3674:
3399:
2379:
2199:
1473:
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998:
920:
551:
3005:
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Right of access to songs and dances pertaining to a specific ceremony belong to a certain defined group (known as
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4191:
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2655:
1829:
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To Aboriginal people, some places are sacred, owing to their central place in the mythology of the local people.
198:
can be traced through the sky and the land. Stories and songs associated with the sky under many cultural tents.
129:
81:
69:
2216:
4302:
4221:
3927:
2512:
Brown, Reuben (2017). "A Different Mode of Exchange". In Gillespie, Kirsty; Treloyn, Sally; Niles, Don (eds.).
2120:
1446:
692:
96:
Cultural traditions and beliefs as well as historical tellings of actual events are passed down in Aboriginal
2250:
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in that death is caused by an emotional response—often fear—to some suggested outside force and is known as "
157:
has been traditionally practised by the women of many Aboriginal peoples across the continent for centuries.
4336:
4273:
4268:
4106:
4051:
3550:
1938:
1331:
1187:
1129:
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147:"dot art" movement. Painting is a large source of income for some Central Australian communities such as at
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3969:
3530:
3514:
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1537:
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and football academy is just one organisation aimed at further developing aboriginal football talent. The
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1450:
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1073:
1028:
1020:
1006:
967:
370:
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were two of the earliest Aboriginal bands to gain a popular following among Australians of all cultures.
1054:, which has maintained a vibrant use of the language, spoken by about 30,000 people. It is distinct from
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School, in north-eastern Arnhem Land. It was planned to hold the event each term. Historian and writer
558:
is well-known. Representatives from many different groups from across southern Queensland and northern
311:, stories and dance. Learned from childhood, lore dictates the rules on how to interact with the land,
3348:; Atkinson, Quentin (2012). "Computational Phylogenetics and the Internal Structure of Pama-Nyungan".
3964:
2729:
2613:
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1309:
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The Australian Aboriginal languages consist of around 290–363 languages belonging to an estimated 28
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1398:
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547:
486:
404:
140:
73:
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football clubs (the colors of the two clubs combine to form the colours of the Aboriginal flag).
763:
and objects such as rocks or pieces of wood are used; in a few areas, women play a drum made from
4414:
4324:
4253:
4238:
4061:
3974:
3937:
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2603:
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1300:
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1241:
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1016:
941:
916:
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734:
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widely across the continent. Leaves are gathered from any of several species of native tobacco (
2650:
1507:, or throwing the play stick. The winner throws the weet weet furthest or the most accurately.
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4046:
3999:
3834:
3631:
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3188:
3136:
3035:
2938:
2839:
2785:
2631:
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2517:
2193:
2001:
1942:
1921:
1806:
1749:
1670:
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994:
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is closely tied to elaborate tribal kinship systems in which certain relatives are considered
905:
601:
522:
458:
362:
266:, as Dingo formed the songlines that cross the continent from north to south and east to west.
2907:
215:' oral tradition and spiritual values build on reverence for the land and on a belief in the
17:
4438:
3784:
3746:
3393:
3369:
2835:
2621:
1662:
1524:
1410:
1371:
1032:
1002:
979:
963:
822:
703:
616:
540:
136:
1959:
120:
in 1947 was also proof that humans inhabited the region before the eruption of Tower Hill.
4537:
4164:
3032:
The Aboriginal soccer tribe : A history of aboriginal involvement with the world game
2551:
2436:"Tjungu Festival 2017: Anangu Senior Women share law and understanding of coming together"
1696:
1367:
1315:
1282:
1210:
1154:
1110:
1039:
1009:– more people may fall into the "mother-in-law" category than just a man's wife's mother.
959:
830:
802:
723:
713:
559:
482:
470:
466:
354:
270:
243:
3483:
2327:
3465:
3259:
2617:
2380:"Yolngu clans pay tribute to cherished Gumatj leader Yunupiŋu at Garma Festival bunggul"
1722:
1658:
4419:
4314:
4186:
4091:
2815:
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and became the first all-Aboriginal side to compete in a major Australian competition.
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438:
423:
154:
97:
49:
4562:
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3706:
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stands upright in the evening marks the time when emu eggs are ready to be collected.
183:
4521:
4319:
4226:
4181:
4176:
4081:
3956:
3656:
3381:
2412:
2142:
Long, Andrew Stawowczyk (1995), "1 transparency : col. ; 5.5 x 5.5 cm.",
1581:, a digital archive of literature in endangered languages of the Northern Territory
1377:
1261:
1172:
1102:
826:
669:
586:
582:
477:; other ceremonies are around marriage, death or burial. Most include dance, song,
374:
144:
117:
101:
3092:
3082:. St. Leonards, Allen & Unwin, 1998, p. 8 Martin Flanagan, 'Sport and Culture'
2962:
1287:
619:
in which two different language communities come together for trade and diplomacy.
1179:, 2009) are contemporary contributors to Australian non-fiction. Other voices of
411:
as the overarching law of the land, which is "lasting and alive... my backbone".
4461:
4036:
3711:
2491:
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications
1394:
1359:
1335:
1251:
1230:
1218:
1214:
784:
727:
642:
638:
501:
454:
431:
194:
For many Aboriginal cultures, the night sky is a repository of stories and law.
113:
77:
2704:"Being Tiwi: the work of 9 artists from the Tiwi Islands - Stories & ideas"
1853:
Andrews, M. (2000) 'The Seven Sisters', Spinifex Press, North Melbourne, p. 428
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597:
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4506:
4144:
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2819:
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1590:
1514:
1438:
1402:
1304:
1292:
1278:
1184:
978:
counterpart of their oral language. This appears to be connected with various
896:
863:
752:
684:
658:
623:
575:
555:
474:
437:"Rom" is a word and concept shared by at least one of the nearby peoples, the
324:
2635:
2275:
1674:
4511:
4290:
4021:
2145:[Portrait of unidentified Anbarra people performing Rom ceremony...]
1504:
1464:, an AFL-level all-Aboriginal football side competes against any one of the
1422:
1226:
1198:
1087:
in 1796 is the first known work written in English by an Aboriginal person.
1084:
901:
890:
872:
859:
814:
756:
755:
originated in northern Australia, but is now used throughout the continent.
719:
688:
605:
220:
216:
41:
2514:
A Different Mode of Exchange:: The Mamurrng Ceremony of Western Arnhem Land
2170:
2054:
434:, building shelters and rafts, various rituals, and taking care of others.
3373:
3183:"Australian Game, Australian Identity:(Post)Colonial Identity in Football"
712:(or churinga) are objects of religious significance by Central Australian
40:
includes a number of practices and ceremonies centered on a belief in the
4542:
3761:
3751:
2626:
2591:
2408:"Garma: art and politics come together for a moving Arnhem Land festival"
1997:
1863:
1493:
1406:
937:
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768:
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665:
646:
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308:
224:
195:
105:
1918:
Mysteries of the Dream-time: Spiritual Life of the Australian Aborigines
1366:"co-operative kicking volley game". The Indigenous in areas of and near
1132:
of 1963 are the first traditional Aboriginal document recognised by the
604:, involving song and dance and embodying the stories and designs of the
2032:
1323:
932:
834:
532:
497:
246:
is a major ancestral being for many Aboriginal people across Australia.
171:
2893:
Subverting the Empire: Explorers and Exploration in Australian Fiction
2143:
4547:
2175:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
1666:
1575:, a white Australian literary movement inspired by Aboriginal culture
1327:
1235:
1043:
929:
884:
855:
764:
738:
478:
392:
386:
350:
274:
253:
249:
1370:
played a ball game called Woggabaliri. The ball was usually made of
256:
are regarded as the primary creator-spirits in South-East Australia.
3006:"2019 Miles Franklin Literary Award shortlist unveiled | Perpetual"
2608:
1960:"Scared to Death: Self-Willed Death, or the Bone-Pointing Syndrome"
1050:. The pidgin died out in most parts of the country, except in the
4101:
4071:
3193:
2756:"The archaeologist as hero in Billy Griffiths' Deep Time Dreaming"
2516:. Essays in Honour of Stephen A. Wild. ANU Press. pp. 41–72.
1376:
1286:
990:
925:
788:
627:
568:
259:
430:-making, and stories which teach history, hunting, spear-making,
135:
developed in modern times including the watercolour paintings of
3731:
2592:"Dawes Review 5: Australian Aboriginal Astronomy and Navigation"
1497:
1125:(1924–25), and was the first Aboriginal author to be published.
489:
shows ceremonies and traditions that are still continued today.
4465:
3487:
1805:. The National Science and Technology Centre. pp. 15, 16.
234:, each with their own individual culture, belief structure and
68:
groupings have developed a wide range of individual cultures.
3208:"Australian rules football and improving Indigenous relations"
1992:
Curtis, Kate; Ramsden, Clair; Friendship, Julie, eds. (2007).
900:
are burned to produce the ash. Traditional healers (known as
858:
is a mixture of leaves and wood ash traditionally chewed as a
806:
772:
427:
262:
Dreaming is a significant ancestor in the interior regions of
177:
637:
is one of the major regional rituals performed in north-east
1621:"Study dates Victorian volcano that buried a human-made axe"
27:
Australian Aboriginal culture, traditions, practices and art
1723:"History of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander textiles"
1413:
hide. The game is believed by some commentators, including
72:
has existed for thousands of years and ranges from ancient
1750:"Weaving magical baskets and sharing Aboriginal knowledge"
876:) or from at least one distinct population of the species
661:, after giving birth to the first of the Rirratjingu clan.
1492:
flag), Coreeda is often compared to sports as diverse as
1197:
Writers coming to prominence in the 21st century include
649:
people of East Arnhem. The first ngarra was performed by
3233:
1503:
A popular children's game in some parts of Australia is
1824:
1822:
1460:
Testifying to this abundance of Indigenous talent, the
84:, but there was a huge variety of languages, including
2596:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia
2177:. Blurb of 1986 book by Stephen Wild. 20 January 2015
1598:, 2019 festival consisting of a series of corroborees
1341:
In 1997 the State and Federal Governments set up the
706:
is a cleansing ritual performed on special occasions.
589:, and the hand-held objects used in these ceremonies.
2569:. Western Australia: Berndt Museum of Anthropology.
2276:"Aboriginal Culture: Aboriginal Cultural Ceremonies"
4530:
4499:
4350:
4205:
4115:
4012:
3955:
3853:
3775:
3617:
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3521:
3480:(Australian Government: Indigenous Culture Support)
2805:
Traditional Healers of Central Australia: Ngangkari
1468:'s current football teams in pre-season tests. The
1259:won the Miles Franklin Award in 2019 for her novel
3913:Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations
3258:. Wrestling Roots. 14 January 2014. Archived from
1830:"Rainbow dreaming [ceremonies explained]"
186:rather than stars. The time of year in which the
2649:Marika, Banduk; West, Margie (7 December 2010).
2487:"IY2019: Saving language through Dreaming story"
2353:"Tom Petrie's Reminiscences of Early Queensland"
697:Deep Time Dreaming: Uncovering Ancient Australia
585:is both a public ceremony or performance of the
329:Kurdaitcha (or kurdaitcha man, and also spelled
1568:Indigenous Australian traditional custodianship
525:is an initiation ceremony in which young boys (
4400:Northern Territory National Emergency Response
3903:National Congress of Australia's First Peoples
3326:"How many languages were spoken in Australia?"
2866:
2814:Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation. 2013.
1221:. Indigenous authors who have won Australia's
387:Yolngu § Yolŋu culture, law and mythology
4477:
3888:Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association
3499:
2165:
2163:
1437:, meaning "catch". However, this is likely a
1401:once participated in the traditional game of
8:
2280:Mbantua Fine Art Gallery and Cultural Museum
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2107:
2105:
2019:
2017:
1937:Roonka. Compiled by Dr Keryn Walshe for the
1158:brought Indigenous stories to wider notice.
1123:Legendary Tales of the Australian Aborigines
208:Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology
2301:"Traditional Aboriginal Ceremonial Dancing"
1117:(1872–1967) provided the first accounts of
668:, or Pukumani, is a burial ceremony of the
4484:
4470:
4462:
3995:South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council
3980:Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council
3952:
3506:
3492:
3484:
3187:Centre for Australian Indigenous Studies,
1920:, 2nd Revised edition, Prism Press, 1992 (
3363:
2990:. Ministère de la culture. Archived from
2625:
2607:
2567:Djalkiri Wanga: The Land is My Foundation
1801:Peter D'Arcy (1994). Margo Sutton (ed.).
1614:
1612:
1343:Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts
919:, identified by Australian archaeologist
817:, and plant foods include fruits such as
535:is a traditional ceremonial dance of the
277:have their roots in Aboriginal mythology.
48:. Reverence and respect for the land and
2211:
2209:
2171:"ROM: An Aboriginal ritual of democracy"
2113:"Gapuwiyak School celebrates Yolngu Rom"
1299:Aboriginal people have developed unique
1072:At the point of the first colonisation,
170:
3717:National Indigenous Human Rights Awards
3589:People from politics and public service
1608:
465:of their people, spiritual beliefs and
184:constellation consisting of dark clouds
3515:Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders
3141:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3134:
2854:
2838:, Stephen Davis, and Allan Fox, 1986,
2547:
2537:
2191:
1579:Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages
1553:Garma Festival of Traditional Cultures
1543:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
793:Aboriginal boy eating witchetty grub:
3416:from the original on 22 December 2019
2914:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2878:
1869:Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority
1756:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
747:Musical instruments and other objects
7:
3697:Literature of Indigenous Australians
3332:from the original on 3 February 2019
2908:"Treasure Trove: Bennelong's letter"
2754:Robinson, Scott (12 December 2018).
1958:Hahn, Patrick D (4 September 2007).
1591:Stone tool#Aboriginal Australian use
1249:won the award in 2007 for her novel
1105:mythology written by the missionary
500:by the Yolngu peoples of north-east
182:, which is an Australian Aboriginal
2651:"Yalangbara: art of the Djang'kawu"
2462:"Inma (dance and song) performance"
1896:Working with Indigenous Australians
441:, who also perform a Rom ceremony.
302:Australian Aboriginal customary law
3878:Aborigines Progressive Association
3226:"Coreeda Association of Australia"
3192:. 2007. p. 10. Archived from
1619:Johnson, Sian (26 February 2020).
1478:Northern Territory Football League
288:Australian Aboriginal sacred sites
25:
2678:"Burial - Pukumani, Tiwi Islands"
2305:Artlandish Aboriginal Art Gallery
1171:documentary TV series, 2008) and
1121:written by an Aboriginal person,
422:Rom includes bush crafts such as
3464:
3059:NSW Government - Office of Sport
2728:Caruana, Wally (4 August 2014).
2406:Hennessy, Kate (6 August 2015).
1563:Indigenous Australian literature
1548:Country (Indigenous Australians)
1517:
1283:Indigenous rock § Australia
1068:Indigenous Australian literature
695:wrote in his award-winning book
657:at the sacred site of Balma, in
571:, and dispersed in various ways.
4216:Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976
2906:Maher, Louise (8 August 2013).
2434:Lindsay, Kirstyn (4 May 2017).
2119:. 28 April 2017. Archived from
1872:. Northern Territory Government
1748:Mills, Vanessa (21 July 2011).
1533:Australian Aboriginal artefacts
1019:used by a large section of the
987:Australian Aboriginal languages
954:Australian Aboriginal languages
904:in the Western jester areas of
167:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
32:Australian Aboriginal artefacts
4428:Uluru Statement from the Heart
3845:Torres Strait Island languages
2378:Jash, Tahnee (6 August 2023).
1101:), contributed to accounts of
626:is a mortuary ceremony of the
550:held in the hinterland of the
1:
4569:Australian Aboriginal culture
4493:Indigenous music of Australia
3893:Australian Aborigines' League
3873:Aborigines Advancement League
3790:Australian Aboriginal English
3470:Indigenous Australian culture
3441:Australian Aboriginal culture
2895:. Altona, VIC: Common Ground.
2782:Wild Food Plants of Australia
2055:"Yolŋu Rom (Law and Culture)"
1776:"Ngarrindjeri basket weaving"
1229:, who was joint winner (with
1161:Leading Aboriginal activists
1095:
1013:Australian Aboriginal English
445:Ceremonies and sacred objects
38:Australian Aboriginal culture
18:Indigenous Australian culture
3933:National Reconciliation Week
3472:travel guide from Wikivoyage
3455:Resources in other libraries
3289:Australian Sports Commission
2935:Conquest of the Ngarrindjeri
2565:Hutcherson, Gillian (1995).
1994:Emergency and Trauma Nursing
1585:Lizard Island#Mangrove Beach
1488:red borders (similar to the
801:Animal native foods include
30:For specific artefacts, see
3985:NSW Aboriginal Land Council
3923:Registered Aboriginal Party
3908:National Indigenous Council
3795:Macro-Gunwinyguan languages
2328:"Song Types in the Top End"
1355:Indigenous Australian sport
1275:Indigenous Australian music
862:(or, after extended use, a
4585:
4363:Constitutional recognition
4232:Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
3868:Aboriginal Medical Service
3400:Cambridge University Press
3395:The Languages of Australia
2988:"Modern Australian poetry"
2867:Bowern & Atkinson 2012
1780:Sustainable Communities SA
1466:Australian Football League
1425:, inventor of the code of
1352:
1272:
1065:
1046:used in the early days of
951:
848:
782:
596:is a cultural ceremony of
384:
322:
299:
285:
205:
164:
127:
29:
3757:Traditional custodianship
3450:Resources in your library
2784:. Angus & Robertson.
2656:Western Australian Museum
1558:Indigenous Australian art
1427:Australian rules football
1383:Australian rules football
130:Indigenous Australian art
4222:Australian Frontier Wars
3928:Reconciliation Australia
1587:, a 2024 pottery finding
1447:Melbourne Cricket Ground
1381:An Indigenous community
485:and/or costume. Ancient
469:; some ceremonies are a
100:, also known loosely as
4274:Australian history wars
4135:Contemporary visual art
3551:Torres Strait Islanders
2959:"Documenting Democracy"
2933:Jenkin, Graham (1979).
2590:Norris, Ray P. (2016).
2217:"Aboriginal ceremonies"
2117:Department of Education
2000:Australia. p. 34.
1941:. Hyde Park Press 2009
1939:South Australian Museum
1312:region for 1500 years.
1130:Yirrkala bark petitions
972:manually coded language
829:and vegetables such as
508:as well as the group's
391:The complete system of
3970:Kimberley Land Council
3820:Pama–Nyungan languages
3810:Loanwords into English
3727:Religion and mythology
3680:Torres Strait Islander
3531:Aboriginal Australians
3030:Maynard, John (2011),
2198:: CS1 maint: others (
1892:"The Law and the Lore"
1538:Black Theatre (Sydney)
1483:Coreeda is a style of
1386:
1296:
1239:and again in 2011 for
1181:Indigenous Australians
1074:Indigenous Australians
1042:that developed from a
1029:Torres Strait Islander
1015:(AAE) is a dialect of
968:Aboriginal Australians
868:Aboriginal Australians
841:has grown enormously.
798:
516:Examples of ceremonies
213:Aboriginal Australians
191:
4309:Native Title Act 1993
4244:Cummeragunja walk-off
3990:Northern Land Council
3840:Torres Strait English
3767:Torres Strait Islands
3374:10.1353/lan.2012.0081
2891:Genoni, Paul (2004).
2682:The Australian Museum
2466:Tjanpi Desert Weavers
2251:Aboriginal Ceremonies
2029:Nhulunbuy Corporation
1834:Aboriginal Incursions
1573:Jindyworobak Movement
1476:began playing in the
1380:
1364:Indigenous Australian
1303:and folk styles. The
1290:
1273:Further information:
1134:Australian Parliament
1079:A letter to Governor
1048:European colonisation
1025:Aboriginal Australian
1021:Indigenous Australian
882:. Various species of
849:Further information:
792:
624:Morning Star Ceremony
510:connection to country
450:Aboriginal ceremonies
232:many different groups
174:
3965:Central Land Council
3324:(23 December 2011).
3010:www.perpetual.com.au
2627:10.1017/pasa.2016.25
2385:ABC News (Australia)
2081:Yunupingu, Galarrwuy
1462:Aboriginal All-Stars
1223:Miles Franklin Award
1119:Aboriginal mythology
1056:Torres Strait Creole
1005:. All relations are
985:Avoidance speech in
730:, often mis-applied.
3722:Outstation movement
3561:Western Australians
2937:. Adelaide: Rigby.
2618:2016PASA...33...39N
2221:Indigenous in Style
2035:on 20 February 2020
1981:. pp. 169–181.
1727:archive.maas.museum
1659:2020Geo....48..390M
1470:Clontarf Foundation
1421:, to have inspired
1301:musical instruments
1177:Up from the Mission
506:Aboriginal identity
487:Aboriginal rock art
405:Galarrwuy Yunupingu
175:A depiction of the
141:Hermannsburg School
4415:Stolen Generations
4405:Self-determination
4325:Stolen Generations
4259:Historical figures
4239:Caledon Bay crisis
4062:Fire-stick farming
3975:Maralinga Tjarutja
3594:Performing artists
3236:on 11 January 2016
3157:"Francis Marindin"
3123:on 14 October 2012
3034:, Magabala Books,
2359:on 29 October 2013
1898:. 19 February 2017
1596:Yaama Ngunna Baaka
1417:, Jim Poulter and
1397:people of western
1387:
1297:
1257:Melissa Lucashenko
1242:That Deadman Dance
1140:Oodgeroo Noonuccal
1090:While his father,
1052:Northern Territory
1017:Australian English
942:Northern Territory
879:Duboisia hopwoodii
799:
735:welcome to country
651:creation ancestors
192:
143:, and the acrylic
4556:
4555:
4459:
4458:
4342:Western Australia
4077:Possum-skin cloak
4008:
4007:
4000:Tiwi Land Council
3835:Taboo on the dead
3800:Australian Creole
3541:Aboriginal groups
3436:Library resources
3409:978-0-521-29450-8
3189:Monash University
3078:Martin Flanagan,
3041:978-1-921248-39-9
2994:on 10 April 2011.
2881:, pp. 58–59.
2780:Low, Tim (1991).
2684:. 6 December 2018
2523:978-1-76046-111-9
2156:– via Trove
2007:978-0-7295-3769-8
1947:978-0-646-50388-2
1926:978-1-8532-7077-2
1916:See James Cowan,
1812:978-0-64618-202-5
1362:is a traditional
1168:First Australians
960:language families
906:Central Australia
839:bushfood industry
825:, spices such as
615:is a ceremony of
602:Central Australia
459:Central Australia
397:rom watangu walal
363:Central Australia
16:(Redirected from
4576:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4463:
3953:
3785:Avoidance speech
3747:Smoking ceremony
3508:
3501:
3494:
3485:
3468:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3385:
3367:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3298:on 22 March 2012
3297:
3291:. Archived from
3286:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3232:. Archived from
3222:
3216:
3215:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3196:on 17 June 2013.
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3159:. Archived from
3153:
3147:
3146:
3140:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3122:
3116:. Archived from
3115:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3089:
3083:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2961:. Archived from
2955:
2949:
2948:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2912:666 ABC Canberra
2903:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2836:Big Bill Neidjie
2829:
2823:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2730:"Art and object"
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2611:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2403:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2355:. Archived from
2349:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2255:
2247:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2031:. Archived from
2021:
2012:
2011:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1977:Cannon, Walter.
1974:
1968:
1967:
1955:
1949:
1935:
1929:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1826:
1817:
1816:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1782:. 24 August 2016
1772:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1667:10.1130/G47166.1
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
1527:
1525:Australia portal
1522:
1521:
1520:
1332:No Fixed Address
1330:. Bands such as
1100:
1099: 1835–1907
1097:
1033:Australian Kriol
917:Cultural burning
704:smoking ceremony
617:West Arnhem Land
541:East Arnhem Land
137:Albert Namatjira
57:and community.
21:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4538:Aboriginal rock
4526:
4495:
4490:
4460:
4455:
4395:Media portrayal
4358:1967 Referendum
4346:
4254:Gurindji Strike
4249:Day of Mourning
4201:
4111:
4004:
3951:
3849:
3805:Language groups
3771:
3613:
3565:
3517:
3512:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3430:Further reading
3419:
3417:
3410:
3390:Dixon, R. M. W.
3388:
3365:10.1.1.691.3903
3344:
3335:
3333:
3328:. Anggarrgoon.
3320:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3262:on 3 March 2016
3254:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3133:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3111:"Archived copy"
3109:
3108:
3104:
3097:Footystamps.com
3093:"Early History"
3091:
3090:
3086:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2877:
2873:
2865:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2830:
2826:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2764:
2762:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2712:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2546:
2536:
2524:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2326:Lister, Peter.
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2190:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2123:on 1 April 2020
2111:
2110:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2061:. 2 August 2016
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1991:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1936:
1932:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1697:"About weaving"
1695:
1694:
1690:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1439:false etymology
1415:Martin Flanagan
1368:New South Wales
1357:
1351:
1349:Sport and games
1316:Clapping sticks
1285:
1271:
1211:Tara June Winch
1152:'s 1987 memoir
1111:South Australia
1098:
1070:
1064:
1040:creole language
956:
950:
914:
853:
847:
831:warrigal greens
811:witchetty grubs
787:
781:
749:
726:journey during
724:rite of passage
714:Arrernte groups
693:Billy Griffiths
641:, begun by the
560:New South Wales
518:
483:body decoration
471:rite of passage
467:survival skills
447:
389:
383:
355:Arrernte people
349:) is a type of
327:
321:
315:and community.
304:
298:
290:
284:
244:Rainbow Serpent
210:
204:
169:
163:
132:
126:
94:
50:oral traditions
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4582:
4580:
4572:
4571:
4561:
4560:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4420:Half-Caste Act
4412:
4410:Reconciliation
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4388:Protected Area
4385:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4322:
4317:
4315:Pilbara strike
4312:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4261:
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4179:
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4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4092:Spinifex resin
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
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3875:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:Sign languages
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3772:
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3623:
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3615:
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3612:
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3606:
3604:Visual artists
3601:
3596:
3591:
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3575:
3573:
3567:
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3482:
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3458:
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3452:
3446:
3445:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3408:
3386:
3358:(4): 817–845.
3346:Bowern, Claire
3342:
3322:Bowern, Claire
3316:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3273:
3247:
3217:
3214:. 22 May 2013.
3199:
3174:
3163:on 14 May 2008
3148:
3102:
3084:
3071:
3046:
3040:
3022:
2997:
2976:
2965:on 1 June 2011
2950:
2943:
2925:
2898:
2883:
2871:
2869:, p. 830.
2859:
2847:
2824:
2816:Magabala Books
2812:Pitjantjatjara
2797:
2790:
2772:
2746:
2720:
2695:
2669:
2641:
2582:
2575:
2557:
2532:j.ctt1trkk4c.9
2522:
2504:
2478:
2453:
2426:
2398:
2370:
2344:
2318:
2307:. 15 July 2015
2292:
2267:
2233:
2205:
2159:
2134:
2101:
2072:
2046:
2025:"About Yolngu"
2013:
2006:
1984:
1969:
1964:Biology Online
1950:
1930:
1909:
1883:
1864:"Sacred sites"
1855:
1846:
1818:
1811:
1793:
1767:
1740:
1729:. 9 April 2017
1714:
1703:. 1 March 2017
1688:
1653:(4): 390–394.
1637:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1512:
1509:
1485:folk wrestling
1419:Col Hutchinson
1353:Main article:
1350:
1347:
1270:
1267:
1233:) in 2000 for
1163:Marcia Langton
1081:Arthur Phillip
1066:Main article:
1063:
1060:
1031:) population.
1007:classificatory
952:Main article:
949:
946:
913:
912:Fire practices
910:
846:
843:
783:Main article:
780:
777:
748:
745:
744:
743:
731:
717:
707:
700:
673:
662:
631:
620:
609:
590:
579:
572:
564:
552:Sunshine Coast
544:
530:
517:
514:
481:and elaborate
446:
443:
432:gathering food
424:basket-weaving
407:has described
382:
379:
323:Main article:
320:
317:
300:Main article:
297:
294:
286:Main article:
283:
280:
279:
278:
267:
257:
247:
203:
200:
188:Emu in the sky
165:Main article:
162:
159:
155:Basket weaving
128:Main article:
125:
124:Art and crafts
122:
98:oral tradition
93:
92:Oral tradition
90:
86:sign languages
70:Aboriginal art
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4581:
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4498:
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4473:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4452:
4451:Voting rights
4449:
4445:
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4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4430:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4418:
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4408:
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4389:
4386:
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4380:
4379:
4376:
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4366:
4364:
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4340:
4338:
4335:
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4328:
4327:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4304:
4303:Native police
4301:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
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4260:
4257:
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4156:
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4148:
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4143:
4141:
4138:
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4133:
4131:
4130:Bark painting
4128:
4126:
4123:
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4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
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4098:
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4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:Bush medicine
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4001:
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3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3957:Land councils
3954:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
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3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3855:Organisations
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
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3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
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3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
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3774:
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3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3707:Message stick
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3647:Deadly Awards
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
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3587:
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3557:
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3529:
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3520:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3429:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3235:
3231:
3230:Coreedaoz.com
3227:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3119:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3072:
3060:
3056:
3055:"Woggabaliri"
3050:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3026:
3023:
3011:
3007:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2989:
2980:
2977:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2951:
2946:
2944:9780727011121
2940:
2936:
2929:
2926:
2913:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2844:0-9589458-0-2
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:Ngaanyatjarra
2806:
2801:
2798:
2793:
2791:0-207-16930-6
2787:
2783:
2776:
2773:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2747:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2721:
2709:
2708:MCA Australia
2705:
2699:
2696:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2493:. 8 July 2019
2492:
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2467:
2463:
2457:
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2441:
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2430:
2427:
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2358:
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2348:
2345:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
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2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2234:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2135:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2090:
2086:
2085:"Rom Watangu"
2083:(July 2016).
2082:
2076:
2073:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1887:
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1871:
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1865:
1859:
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1847:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1755:
1754:ABC Kimberley
1751:
1744:
1741:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1684:
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1515:
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1499:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
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1452:
1448:
1442:
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1436:
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1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
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1379:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:rock and roll
1317:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1247:Alexis Wright
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:Alexis Wright
1200:
1195:
1193:
1192:Kevin Gilbert
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1115:David Unaipon
1112:
1108:
1107:George Taplin
1104:
1093:
1092:James Unaipon
1088:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1037:English-based
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
999:cross-cousins
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
980:speech taboos
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
955:
947:
945:
943:
939:
934:
931:
927:
922:
918:
911:
909:
907:
903:
899:
898:
893:
892:
887:
886:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
851:Bush medicine
844:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
796:
791:
786:
778:
776:
774:
770:
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762:
758:
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746:
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736:
732:
729:
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629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
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591:
588:
584:
580:
577:
573:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
537:Yolngu people
534:
531:
529:) become men.
528:
524:
520:
519:
515:
513:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
490:
488:
484:
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429:
425:
420:
418:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
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388:
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378:
376:
372:
371:psychosomatic
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
326:
318:
316:
314:
310:
303:
296:Customary law
295:
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75:
71:
67:
63:
58:
56:
51:
47:
43:
39:
33:
19:
4426:
4383:Native title
4337:Tent embassy
4320:Pintupi Nine
4307:
4227:Bathurst War
4214:
4197:Yininmadyemi
4182:Sandpainting
4177:Papunya Tula
4172:NATSIA Award
4160:Music groups
4082:Scarred tree
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3742:Sacred sites
3657:The Dreaming
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102:oral history
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4500:Instruments
4378:Land rights
4281:King plates
4097:Sweet foods
4067:Food groups
4037:Bush tucker
3777:Language(s)
3712:NAIDOC Week
3662:Enumeration
3571:Individuals
3536:Communities
3302:12 November
3282:"Weet weet"
3266:20 December
3240:20 December
3064:20 December
2855:Bowern 2011
2739:26 December
2713:10 February
2688:10 February
2548:|work=
2497:12 February
2471:12 February
2446:12 February
2363:20 December
2332:Manikay.Com
2181:19 December
2127:19 December
2089:The Monthly
2039:19 December
1876:12 February
1395:Jardwadjali
1360:Woggabaliri
1336:Yothu Yindi
1295:, or yidaki
1252:Carpentaria
1231:Thea Astley
1219:Anita Heiss
1215:Yvette Holt
1083:written by
785:Bush tucker
728:adolescence
685:totem poles
643:Rirratjingu
639:Arnhem Land
548:bunya feast
502:Arnhem Land
475:adolescents
455:Arnhem Land
409:Rom watangu
381:Arnhem Land
114:Gunditjmara
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4522:Lagerphone
4517:Didgeridoo
4507:Bullroarer
4269:Prehistory
4192:Visual art
4145:Didgeridoo
4057:Fibrecraft
4032:Bush bread
3898:Mass media
3825:Placenames
3702:Marn Grook
3692:Kurdaitcha
3675:Aboriginal
3637:Corroboree
3556:Victorians
3546:Tasmanians
2879:Dixon 1980
2832:Kakadu Man
2820:Broome, WA
2609:1607.02215
2576:0864224214
2440:NITV Radio
2337:22 January
2311:16 January
2285:16 January
2260:17 January
2226:17 January
2152:29 January
2065:29 January
1902:29 January
1839:16 January
1786:25 January
1760:25 January
1733:25 January
1707:25 January
1701:Maningrida
1603:References
1490:Aboriginal
1403:Marn Grook
1305:didgeridoo
1293:didgeridoo
1279:didgeridoo
1188:Jack Davis
1185:playwright
1062:Literature
921:Rhys Jones
897:Eucalyptus
864:depressant
757:Clapsticks
753:didgeridoo
659:Yalangbara
655:Djang'kawu
576:corroboree
563:discussed.
556:Queensland
385:See also:
359:Aboriginal
331:kurdaitcha
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319:Kurdaitcha
230:There are
206:See also:
180:in the sky
110:Tower Hill
76:to modern
44:and other
4512:Clapstick
4291:Black War
4286:Massacres
4125:Artefacts
4022:Boomerang
4014:Bushcraft
3938:Sorry Day
3752:Songlines
3627:Astronomy
3584:Musicians
3579:Activists
3420:30 August
3360:CiteSeerX
3015:13 August
2918:6 January
2636:1323-3580
2550:ignored (
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1675:0091-7613
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1423:Tom Wills
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1199:Kim Scott
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902:Ngangkari
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873:Nicotiana
860:stimulant
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767:, snake,
720:Walkabout
689:Gapuwiyak
606:tjukurrpa
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415:known as
361:group in
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225:songlines
221:cosmology
217:Dreamtime
196:Songlines
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4298:Missions
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3351:Language
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1407:football
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613:Mamurrng
335:gadaidja
264:Bandiyan
236:language
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4330:Apology
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4207:History
4107:Woomera
3883:AIATSIS
3737:Seasons
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3652:Deities
3642:Country
3619:Culture
3609:Writers
3523:Peoples
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2734:AIATSIS
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2614:Bibcode
2094:19 July
1655:Bibcode
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