195:'s 1936 amendment had two major provisions: the 40-hour week and compulsory unionism. Awards could not require more than 40 hours work a week except for overtime, which was to be arranged, if possible, so that no part of the working week fell on a Saturday. Exemptions could be made if a 40-hour week was impractical, which rarely occurred. The amendment also made it illegal to employ a worker who was not a member of a union bound by the relevant award or agreement for that industry. It also restored the power of the Arbitration Court and required the court to factor in the needs of wives and dependent children of workers when making general wage orders.
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result, in the early 20th century, some militant and/or strong unions chose not to register. However most unions and their members benefitted from the Act, as few had the power to negotiate terms that were better than those laid down by the Court. The Act forbade the registration of unions if one already existed in the same industry and area. That prevented competition among unions. The Court could also both make 'awards' that bound all employers and workers in a particular industry and set down minimum conditions and rates of pay, but organisations not party to the original award could apply for a complete or partial exemption from the award.
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to heavier sectional attacks, but no suggestion for its abolition has ever succeeded in gaining any significant measure of support from the employers' and workers' organisations... or from the community generally." The Act remained in force until 1973, but the essential structure that it established lasted until the
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stated: "After some 70 years of operation, the industrial conciliation and arbitration system has become a firmly accepted – perhaps even a traditional – way of determining minimum wage rates and handling industrial disputes. It has been subject to many criticisms from time to time, and occasionally
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abolished compulsory unionism unless unions and employers agreed otherwise or if 50% of relevant workers voted for compulsory unionism in their industry. Even without compulsory union membership, since employers were still required to prefer union members if they were equally qualified to non-union
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Registration of unions under the Act was voluntary, and unions could choose to remain outside the Act and negotiate directly with employers. If a union registered, it was bound to comply with the rulings of the
Arbitration Court and could not, for example, strike against terms laid down by it. As a
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The process by which the Act came into being needs study in its own right and was based on a scheme devised by a South
Australian politician,
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and enabled them to take disputes to a
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If the Board's decision was unsatisfactory to either side, an appeal could be made to the
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judge and two assessors, one elected by employers' associations and another by unions.
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LABOUR, DEPARTMENT OF - INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New
Zealand
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From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of
Michael Joseph Savage
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Australian and New
Zealand Standard Industrial Classification
309:(as initially enacted) on the NZ Legal Information Institute
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The
Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1894
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workers, the amendment had little practical impact.
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18:Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act
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282:, New Zealand: Reed Methuen. p. 185.
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160:1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
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531:New Zealand Trade and Enterprise
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27:Act of Parliament in New Zealand
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777:New Zealand Business Roundtable
226:"Monumental Stories | Landmark"
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107:Employment Relations Act 2000
103:Employment Contracts Act 1991
95:Industrial Relations Act 1973
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548:Overseas Investment Office
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130:industrial relations
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828:1894 in law
662:Oil and gas
640:Hospitality
611:Aquaculture
574:Agriculture
802:Categories
722:Agreements
507:Government
212:References
84:1936, 1961
79:Amended by
667:Retailing
633:Kauri gum
558:KiwiSaver
739:Malaysia
623:Forestry
567:Industry
514:Taxation
422:Currency
280:Auckland
274:(1986).
117:Repealed
708:Poverty
677:Tourism
616:Whaling
606:Fishing
351:History
114:Status:
703:Income
657:Mining
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236:2 July
142:unions
71:Passed
744:China
459:$ 100
178:Terms
682:Wine
596:Beer
454:$ 50
449:$ 20
444:$ 10
284:ISBN
238:2007
191:The
158:The
124:The
74:1894
491:$ 2
486:$ 1
481:50c
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471:10c
439:$ 5
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
