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customers to the company's systems, and then to individual sections of the production process. With IIoT, new tools and functionalities can be included in the manufacturing process. For example, 3D printers simplify the way of shaping pressing tools by printing the shape directly from steel granulate. These tools enable new possibilities for designing (with high precision). Customization of vehicles is also enabled by IIoT due to the modularity and connectivity of this technology. While in the past they worked separately, IIoT now enables humans and robots to cooperate. Robots take on heavy and repetitive activities, so the manufacturing cycles are quicker and the vehicle comes to the market more rapidly. Factories can quickly identify potential maintenance issues before they lead to downtime and many of them are moving to a 24-hour production plant, due to higher security and efficiency. The majority of automotive manufacturers companies have production plants in different countries, where different components of the same vehicle are built. IIoT makes it possible to connect these production plants to each other, creating the possibility to move within facilities. Big data can be visually monitored which enables companies to respond faster to fluctuations in production and demand.
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needed, and they forecast the lifespan of wells. The application of smart sensors and automated drillers gives companies the opportunity to monitor and produce more efficiently. Further, the storing process can also be improved with the implementation of IIOT by collecting and analyzing real-time data to monitor inventory levels and temperature control. IIOT can enhance the transportation process of oil and gas by implementing smart sensors and thermal detectors to give real-time geolocation data and monitor the products for safety reasons. These smart sensors can monitor the refinery processes, and enhance safety. The demand for products can be forecasted more precisely and automatically be communicated to the refineries and production plants to adjust production levels.
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networks of pipelines with built-in thermal imaging systems. Increased connectivity (data integration and communication) can help companies with adjusting the production levels based on real-time data of inventory, storage, distribution pace, and forecasted demand. For example, a
Deloitte report states that by implementing an IIOT solution integrating data from multiple internal and external sources (such as work management system, control center, pipeline attributes, risk scores, inline inspection findings, planned assessments, and leak history), thousands of miles of pipes can be monitored in real-time. This allows monitoring of pipeline threats, improving risk management, and providing situational awareness.
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607:: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field within computer science in which intelligent machines are created that work and react like humans. Machine learning is a core part of AI, allowing software to more accurately predict outcomes without explicitly being programmed. It is also possible to combine artificial intelligence with edge computing in order to provide industrial edge intelligence solutions. There are many use-cases using AI with IIoT, to name a few:
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437:) refers to interconnected sensors, instruments, and other devices networked together with computers' industrial applications, including manufacturing and energy management. This connectivity allows for data collection, exchange, and analysis, potentially facilitating improvements in productivity and efficiency as well as other economic benefits. The IIoT is an evolution of a
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760:) was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto-ID Center) as a prerequisite for the internet of things at that point. If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, computers could manage and inventory them. Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies as
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The term industrial internet of things is often encountered in the manufacturing industries, referring to the industrial subset of the IoT. Potential benefits of the industrial internet of things include improved productivity, analytics and the transformation of the workplace. The potential of growth
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of the system. Using this digital twin allows for further optimization of the system by allowing for experimentation with new data from the cloud without having to halt production or sacrifice safety, as the new processes can be refined virtually until they are ready to be implemented. A digital twin
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One of the first consequences of implementing the industrial internet of things (by equipping objects with minuscule identifying devices or machine-readable identifiers) would be to create instant and ceaseless inventory control. Another benefit of implementing an IIoT system is the ability to create
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As the IIoT expands, new security concerns arise with it. Every new device or component that connects to the IIoT can become a potential liability. Gartner estimates that by 2020, more than 25% of recognized attacks on enterprises will involve IoT-connected systems, despite accounting for less than
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In the agriculture industry, IIoT helps farmers to make decisions about when to harvest. Sensors collect data about soil and weather conditions and propose schedules for fertilizing and irrigating. Some livestock farms implant microchips into animals. This allows the farmers not only to trace their
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is an "easier” application, as it is applicable to existing assets and management systems. Intelligent maintenance systems can reduce unexpected downtime and increase productivity, which is projected to save up to 12% over scheduled repairs, reduce overall maintenance costs up to 30%, and eliminate
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introduced the world's first DCSs, the TDC 2000 and the CENTUM system, respectively. These DCSs were the next step in allowing flexible process control throughout a plant, with the added benefit of backup redundancies by distributing control across the entire system, eliminating a singular point of
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With IIOT support, large amounts of raw data can be stored and sent by the drilling gear and research stations for cloud storage and analysis. With IIOT technologies, the oil and gas industry has the capability to connect machines, devices, sensors, and people through interconnectivity, which can
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Benefits also apply to specific processes of the oil and gas industry. The exploration process of oil and gas can be done more precisely with 4D models built by seismic imaging. These models map fluctuations in oil reserves and gas levels, they strive to point out the exact quantity of resources
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Across the supply chain, IIOT can improve the maintenance process, the overall safety, and connectivity. Drones can be used to detect possible oil and gas leaks at an early stage and at locations that are difficult to reach (e.g. offshore). They can also be used to identify weak spots in complex
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Using IIoT in car manufacturing implies the digitalization of all elements of production. Software, machines, and humans are interconnected, enabling suppliers and manufacturers to rapidly respond to changing standards. IIoT enables efficient and cost-effective production by moving data from the
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As of 2016, other real-world applications include incorporating smart LEDs to direct shoppers to empty parking spaces or highlight shifting traffic patterns, using sensors on water purifiers to alert managers via computer or smartphone when to replace parts, attaching RFID tags to safety gear to
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data breach, where information was stolen after hackers gained access to Target's networks via credentials stolen from a third party HVAC vendor. The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry has been slow to adopt IIoT advances because of security concerns such as these. One of the difficulties in
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systems connected to the
Internet can optimize energy consumption as a whole. It is expected that IoT devices will be integrated into all forms of energy consuming devices (switches, power outlets, bulbs, televisions, etc.) and be able to communicate with the utility supply company in order to
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and IIoT and therefore the main enabler to connect physical machines that were previously disconnected. CPS integrates the dynamics of the physical process with those of software and communication, providing abstractions and modeling, design, and analysis
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since it provides systems to gather and act on energy and power-related information in an automated fashion with the goal to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity. Using
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561:: With cloud computing IT services and resources can be uploaded to and retrieved from the Internet as opposed to a direct connection to a server. Files can be kept on cloud-based storage systems rather than on local storage devices.
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track personnel and ensure their safety, embedding computers into power tools to record and track the torque level of individual tightenings, and collecting data from multiple systems to enable the simulation of new processes.
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became the first internet-connected appliance, able to report its inventory and whether newly loaded drinks were cold. As early as in 1994, greater industrial applications were envisioned, as Reza Raji described the concept in
2059:
927:(AMI) devices connected to the Internet backbone, electric utilities can not only collect data from end-user connections, but also manage other distribution automation devices like transformers and reclosers.
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10% of IT security budgets. Existing cybersecurity measures are vastly inferior for internet-connected devices compared to their traditional computer counterparts, which can allow for them to be hijacked for
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is a scalable architecture which allows for things to communicate over
Hypertext Transfer Protocol and is easily adopted for IoT applications to provide communication from a thing to a central web server.
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providing security solutions in IIoT applications is the fragmented nature of the hardware. Consequently, security architectures are turning towards designs that are software-based or device-agnostic.
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Brauner, Philipp; Dalibor, Manuela; Jarke, Matthias; Kunze, Ike; Koren, István; Lakemeyer, Gerhard; Liebenberg, Martin; Michael, Judith; Pennekamp, Jan; Quix, Christoph; Rumpe, Bernhard (2022-02-15).
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The current conception of the IIoT arose after the emergence of cloud technology in 2002, which allows for the storage of data to examine for historical trends, and the development of the
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413:
2490:"Artificial intelligence and internet of things to improve efficacy of diagnosis and remote sensing of solar photovoltaic systems: Challenges, recommendations and future directions"
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has announced cognitive IoT, which combines traditional IoT with machine intelligence and learning, contextual information, industry-specific models and natural language processing.
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The concept of the internet of things first became popular in 1999, through the Auto-ID Center at MIT and related market-analysis publications. Radio-frequency identification (
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While connectivity and data acquisition are imperative for IIoT, they are not the end goals, but rather the foundation and path to something bigger. Of all the technologies,
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640:, which consists of applications that manipulate and combine data into information that can be displayed on the driver dashboard. The top-most stratum of the stack is the
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The integration of IIoT data in the photovoltaic (PV) industry can significantly enhance the efficiency, reliability, and performance of solar power systems. IIoT with
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protocol in 2006, which enabled secure, remote communications between devices, programs, and data sources without the need for human intervention or interfaces.
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1347:"The experimental application of popular machine learning algorithms on predictive maintenance and the design of IIoT based condition monitoring system"
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in their automatic transmission manufacturing division. These PLCs allowed for fine control of individual elements in the manufacturing chain. In 1975,
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architecture rather than one based on purely centralized cloud; in order to transform productivity, products and services in the industrial world.
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as " small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire factories".
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1386:"Artificial Intelligence as a Process Optimization Driver under Industry 4.0 Framework and the Role of IIoT, a Bibliometric Analysis"
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is a publish-subscribe architecture on top of TCP/IP which allows for bi-directional communication between a thing and a MQTT broker.
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consists of physical network buses, cloud computing and communication protocols that aggregate and transport the data to the
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help companies better address fluctuations in demand and pricing, address cybersecurity, and minimize environmental impact.
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Taiwan
Information Strategy, Internet and E-Commerce Development Handbook - Strategic Information, Regulations, Contacts
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1334:"Edge Artificial Intelligence for Industrial Internet of Things Applications: An Industrial Edge Intelligence Solution"
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1167:"Why Edge Computing Is an IIoT Requirement: How edge computing is poised to jump-start the next industrial revolution"
902:(CPS) are the core technology of industrial big data and they will be an interface between human and the cyber world.
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can also serve as a training ground for new employees who won't have to worry about real impacts on the live system.
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Additionally, IIoT-enabled devices can allow for more “traditional” forms of cybercrime, as in the case of the 2013
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1460:"Research Commentary---The New Organizing Logic of Digital Innovation: An Agenda for Information Systems Research"
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822:(XSF) is creating such a framework called Chatty Things, which is a fully open, vendor-independent standard using
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International
Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2013): Reshaping Society Through Information Systems Design
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in 1980, people began to explore the concept of a network of smart devices as early as 1982, when a modified
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1499:"Evolving The Modular Layered Architecture in Digital Innovation: The Case of the Car's Instrument Cluster"
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999:. Another possibility is the infection of internet-connected industrial controllers, like in the case of
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is a series of standards designed by the OPC Foundation to connect computer systems to automated devices.
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IoT frameworks help support the interaction between "things" and allow for more complex structures like
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data can be utilized for real-time monitoring, performance optimization, fault detection, diagnostics.
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User interface devices (e.g. computer screens, PoS stations, tablets, smart glasses, smart surfaces)
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analytics: Big data analytics is the process of examining large and varied data sets, or big data.
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IIoT systems are usually conceived as a layered modular architecture of digital technology. The
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Approximate correspondence between levels in the Purdue model and the basic structure of the IoT
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and energy usage. Besides home based energy management, the IIoT is especially relevant to the
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Purdue
Enterprise Reference Architecture model on the left and IoT Reference Model on the right
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data processing at the edge of the network. The industrial internet requires more of an
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1805:. European Commission Internet of Things Conference in Budapest – via YouTube.
1521:"The father of invention: Dick Morley looks back on the 40th anniversary of the PLC"
1459:
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Applications, software to analyze data and transform it into actionable information
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2428:"Internet of cows: technology could help track disease, but ranchers are resistant"
1720:
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by implementing IIoT is predicted to generate $ 15 trillion of global GDP by 2030.
877:
788:
75:
1903:
1067:
1050:
880:
are independent efforts to create a defined standard for IIoT-enabled facilities.
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2528:"Sound the alarm: How to get serious about industrial IoT security - IoT Agenda"
2452:
2285:
Gilchrist, Alasdair (2016). "Industry 4.0 - the industrial internet of things".
2220:
2201:
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520:
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1754:"The internet of things is revolutionizing our lives, but standards are a must"
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1421:"Federated Learning-Based Privacy-Preserving Data Aggregation Scheme for IIoT"
1397:
1362:
919:
129:
80:
2556:
2553:"Gartner Says Worldwide IoT Security Spending to Reach $ 348 Million in 2016"
2513:
2451:
Kumar, Nallapaneni Manoj; Atluri, Karthik; Palaparthi, Sriteja (March 2018).
2402:
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Magrassi, P.; Panarella, A.; Deighton, N.; Johnson, G. (28 September 2001).
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animals, but also pull up information about the lineage, weight, or health.
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60:
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2060:"Driving Unconventional Growth through the Industrial Internet of Things"
1003:, without the need for physical access to the system to spread the worm.
910:
841:
769:
765:
737:
729:
594:
528:
524:
85:
3501:
1092:"A Computer Science Perspective on Digital Transformation in Production"
4724:
4579:
4491:
3387:
3276:
2915:
2885:
2579:"How infected IoT devices are used for massive DDoS attacks - Fedscoop"
1049:
Boyes, Hugh; Hallaq, Bil; Cunningham, Joe; Watson, Tim (October 2018).
1000:
992:
876:(IIC) Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA) and the German
134:
2200:
Parello, J.; Claise, B.; Schoening, B.; Quittek, J. (September 2014).
2029:
861:(DDS) - is open international middleware standard directly addressing
4744:
3444:
Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
2865:
2212:
2175:
2100:"Five IIoT companies prove value of internet-connected manufacturing"
2005:
1662:
1345:
Cakir, Mustafa; Guvenc, Mehmet Ali; Mistikoglu, Selcuk (2021-01-01).
906:
2163:
Ersue, M.; Romascanu, D.; Schoenwaelder, J.; Sehgal, A. (May 2015).
1286:"What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? - Definition from Techopedia"
1108:
1091:
2735:"Tactical Data Diodes in Industrial Automation and Control Systems"
1981:"The State of the Industrial Internet of Things | Automation World"
4709:
4699:
4694:
4166:
4161:
3261:
2905:
677:
27:
Devices networked together with computers' industrial applications
3028:
Francis Egerton, 3rd Duke of Bridgewater
2354:"How Industry 4.0 Is Transforming the Oil & Gas Supply Chain"
1051:"The industrial internet of things (IIoT): An analysis framework"
632:
refers to the physical components: CPS, sensors or machines. The
4839:
2880:
2850:
988:
835:
829:
823:
757:
685:
3710:
3505:
2747:
2605:"IoT data security vulnerable as connected devices proliferate"
1458:
Yoo, Youngjin; Henfridsson, Ola; Lyytinen, Kalle (2010-12-01).
2630:"Target Hackers Broke in Via HVAC Company — Krebs on Security"
845:
826:
to provide a distributed, scalable, and secure infrastructure.
812:
2058:
Daugherty, Paul; Negm, Walid; Banerjee, Prith; Alter, Allan.
1310:"What is machine learning (ML)? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
441:(DCS) that allows for a higher degree of automation by using
3429:
History of the British canal system
1803:"The Internet of Things – Back to the Future (Presentation)"
1772:"From M2M to The Internet of Things: Viewpoints From Europe"
4824:
2030:"Data Distribution Service (DDS) | Object Management Group"
1694:"Why a Universal RFID Infrastructure Would Be a Good Thing"
1679:, on 24 July 2000 ("M-commerce key to ubiquitous internet")
575:
closer to the location where it is needed. In contrast to
2166:
Management of
Networks with Constrained Devices: Use Cases
2006:"The Industrial Internet of Things Connectivity Framework"
1262:"What is big data analytics? - Definition from WhatIs.com"
1018:, are often used when connecting critical infrastructure.
3439:
List of United Kingdom-related topics
712:
The history of the IIoT begins with the invention of the
3363:
History of the cooperative Movement
2241:"The Impact of Industry 4.0 on the Automotive Industry"
1734:
Commission of the
European Communities (18 June 2009).
543:. Five of the most important ones are described below:
1384:
Mateo, Federico Walas; Redchuk, Andrés (2022-09-17).
1818:"Computers to Acquire Control of the Physical World"
1653:
Raji, RS (June 1994). "Smart networks for control".
1419:
Fan, Hongbin; Huang, Changbing; Liu, Yining (2023).
1217:"What is Edge Computing: The Network Edge Explained"
4670:
4588:
4425:
4260:
3999:
3828:
3748:
3416:
3345:
3247:
3166:
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2843:
1675:Analyst Anish Gaddam interviewed by Sue Bushell in
2453:"Internet of Things (IoT) in Photovoltaic Systems"
1952:"Edge Devices Leverage MQTT for IIoT Connectivity"
1626:"Internet of Things Done Wrong Stifles Innovation"
898:breakdowns up to 70%, according to some studies.
1736:"Internet of Things — An action plan for Europe"
1390:Journal of Industrial Integration and Management
3454:Timeline of materials technology
2488:Mellit, Adel; Kalogirou, Soteris (2021-06-01).
2380:"2018 Tech Trends for the oil and gas industry"
848:to connect APIs, hardware, and online services.
3239:Stockton and Darlington Railway
1855:"The Connected Plant enables the digital twin"
1497:Hylving, Lena; Schultze, Ulrike (2013-01-01).
1161:
1159:
3722:
3517:
2759:
2457:National Power Engineering Conference (NPEC)}
445:to refine and optimize the process controls.
407:
8:
1880:"IBM and the cognitive computing revolution"
1657:. Vol. 31, no. 6. pp. 49–55.
499:The IIoT is enabled by technologies such as
1014:Hardware-based approaches, like the use of
3729:
3715:
3707:
3524:
3510:
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1929:. IBP USA. September 8, 2016. p. 82.
414:
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29:
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2093:
2091:
1599:"The "Only" Coke Machine on the Internet"
1573:"Evolution of industrial control systems"
1107:
1066:
550:(CPS): the basic technology platform for
3073:John Kay (spinning frame)
3068:John Kay (flying shuttle)
3003:Thomas and George Cranege
2494:Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2158:
2156:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1711:Magrassi, P.; Berg, T (12 August 2002).
1140:"Figure 2-Technologies for industry 4.0"
646:
2195:
2193:
2053:
2051:
2049:
1038:
844:is an open-source software designed by
32:
3459:Timeline of steam power
2403:"What is IIoT? Definition and Details"
1546:McMahon, Terrence K. (18 April 2005).
1351:Computers & Industrial Engineering
1096:ACM Transactions on Internet of Things
3174:Abbeydale Industrial Hamlet
2532:internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com
2348:
2346:
2258:
2256:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2125:"Industrial Internet Insights Report"
1836:"The Evolution of Internet of Things"
648:Layered Modular Architecture In IIoT
7:
3484:
2266:Industry 4.0 in the Volkswagen Group
1044:
1042:
2710:"Designer's Guide to IIoT Security"
2684:"Why IIoT Security Is So Difficult"
1215:Hamilton, Eric (31 December 2018).
733:failure in a central control room.
1190:Staff, Investopedia (2011-01-18).
25:
4920:Western European and Others Group
3671:History of electrical engineering
2988:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
2426:Jeffries, Adrianne (2013-05-10).
1822:Gartner research report T-14-0301
1717:Gartner research report R-17-2243
1698:Gartner research report G00106518
1548:"Three decades of DCS technology"
701:Hardware: CPS, machines, sensors
386:Outline of prehistoric technology
293:History of electrical engineering
3483:
3472:
3471:
3224:Portsmouth Block Mills
2949:
925:advanced metering infrastructure
874:Industrial Internet Consortium's
485:
471:
457:
3449:Timeline of invention
3424:History of technology
3287:Newcomen steam engine
3063:Joseph Marie Jacquard
2661:Chemical & Engineering News
2263:Volkswagen Group (2015-08-20),
1853:Bacidore, Mike (20 June 2017).
1332:F. Foukalas and A. Tziouvaras,
351:Timeline of historic inventions
3544:History of technology cultures
3209:Derwent Valley Mills
3078:Francis Cabot Lowell
2682:Fogarty, Kevin (29 May 2018).
2657:"The drug plant of the future"
1801:Sristava, Lara (16 May 2011).
867:real-time and embedded systems
1:
3691:History of nuclear technology
3666:History of computing hardware
3644:History of technology domains
1778:. 7 July 2011. Archived from
1068:10.1016/j.compind.2018.04.015
714:programmable logic controller
328:History of nuclear technology
18:Industrial Internet of Things
3676:History of materials science
2655:Mullin, Rick (22 May 2017).
1752:Wood, Alex (31 March 2015).
1464:Information Systems Research
308:History of materials science
288:History of computer hardware
245:Arab Agricultural Revolution
160:Fourth Industrial Revolution
120:Second Industrial Revolution
3434:Industrial archaeology
3337:Watt steam engine
3023:Abraham Darby III
2663:. Vol. 95, no. 21
2203:Energy Management Framework
1437:10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3226245
720:in 1968, which was used by
579:, edge computing refers to
145:Third Industrial Revolution
110:First Industrial Revolution
4972:
3302:Reverberatory furnace
3229:Quarry Bank Mill
3018:Abraham Darby II
2931:Economies of agglomeration
2506:10.1016/j.rser.2021.110889
2378:Deloitte Insights (2018).
1950:Presher, Al (2019-09-04).
1713:"A World of Smart Objects"
1604:Carnegie Mellon University
885:Application and Industries
746:Carnegie Mellon University
676:Communications protocols,
439:distributed control system
4690:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
4131:Standard Average European
3639:
3539:
3467:
3013:Abraham Darby I
2947:
2786:
2688:Semiconductor Engineering
2465:10.1109/NPEC.2018.8476807
2295:10.1007/978-1-4842-2047-4
1398:10.1142/S2424862222500130
1363:10.1016/j.cie.2020.106948
1241:"What is Edge Computing?"
859:Data Distribution Service
820:XMPP Standards Foundation
736:With the introduction of
361:Complete list by category
323:History of simple machine
4830:Lancaster House Treaties
4320:Christian existentialism
4280:Ancient Roman philosophy
4270:Ancient Greek philosophy
3656:History of communication
3651:History of biotechnology
3327:Stephenson's Rocket
1904:"Tech pages/IoT systems"
806:distributed applications
796:Standards and Frameworks
781:OPC Unified Architecture
762:near field communication
615:, process optimization,
356:Technological revolution
298:History of manufacturing
283:History of communication
278:History of biotechnology
4608:Equality before the law
3815:Romano-Germanic culture
3143:Richard Trevithick
2010:Industry IoT Consortium
1985:www.automationworld.com
1884:www.gigabitmagazine.com
1266:SearchBusinessAnalytics
804:and the development of
644:or the user interface.
601:Artificial intelligence
104:Proto-industrialization
4770:Eastern European Group
4359:Continental philosophy
4290:Judeo-Christian ethics
4275:Hellenistic philosophy
3756:Cradle of civilization
3681:History of measurement
3551:Prehistoric technology
3398:Rochdale Pioneers
3383:Industrial unrest
3189:Bridgewater Canal
3133:Robert Stephenson
3128:George Stephenson
3103:William Radcliffe
3058:Benjamin Huntsman
3033:William Fairbairn
2993:Edmund Cartwright
2968:Richard Arkwright
2871:Industry/Manufacturing
1741:. COM(2009) 278 final.
1476:10.1287/isre.1100.0322
900:Cyber-physical systems
895:predictive maintenance
613:predictive maintenance
571:paradigm which brings
548:Cyber-physical systems
313:History of measurement
273:History of agriculture
240:Medieval Islamic world
150:Digital transformation
4951:Industrial automation
4890:Three Seas Initiative
4865:Pacific Islands Forum
4730:British–Irish Council
4478:Greek Orthodox Church
3937:Industrial Revolution
3907:Scientific Revolution
3626:Industrial Revolution
3533:History of technology
3368:Cottage industry
3053:Eaton Hodgkinson
3038:James Hargreaves
2973:Thomas Boulsover
1055:Computers in Industry
802:distributed computing
573:computer data storage
569:distributed computing
381:Outline of technology
267:By type of technology
194:By historical regions
182:Emerging technologies
42:By technological eras
34:History of technology
4956:Industrial computing
4885:Special Relationship
4295:Christian philosophy
4240:Western Christianity
3902:Age of Enlightenment
3776:Hellenistic Kingdoms
3696:History of transport
3661:History of computing
3307:Sheffield plate
3108:Richard Roberts
3088:Thomas Newcomen
3008:Samuel Crompton
2978:Matthew Boulton
2936:Economies of density
1840:Casaleggio Associati
961:Agriculture industry
944:Oil and gas industry
914:effectively balance
774:digital watermarking
609:condition monitoring
345:Technology timelines
333:History of transport
71:Neolithic Revolution
4910:West Nordic Council
4775:Eastern Partnership
4364:Analytic philosophy
4065:Classical tradition
3887:Early modern period
3843:Classical antiquity
3838:European Bronze Age
3686:History of medicine
3317:Spinning jenny
3312:Spinning frame
3282:Flying shuttle
3272:Crucible steel
3153:John Wilkinson
3138:Thomas Telford
2983:James Brindley
2634:krebsonsecurity.com
2585:. 26 September 2016
1723:on October 3, 2003.
935:Automotive industry
865:communications for
649:
541:cognitive computing
513:mobile technologies
318:History of medicine
303:History of maritime
210:Indian subcontinent
4946:Internet of things
4369:Post-structuralism
4332:Christian humanism
3962:Universal suffrage
3408:Industrial warfare
3257:Blast furnace
3118:Samuel Slater
3113:Thomas Savery
3083:Lunar Society
2941:Economies of scale
2559:on August 26, 2016
2239:Masters, Kristin.
1782:on 24 October 2013
1314:SearchEnterpriseAI
1028:Internet of things
991:-based attacks by
647:
533:internet of things
517:machine-to-machine
430:internet of things
255:Renaissance Europe
4933:
4932:
4760:Council of Europe
4662:International law
4615:Constitutionalism
4473:Eastern Orthodoxy
3979:Post–Cold War era
3912:Age of Revolution
3766:Greco-Roman world
3704:
3703:
3499:
3498:
3373:Factory Acts
3358:Child labour
3322:Steam engine
3234:Soho Foundry
3123:John Smeaton
3048:Thomas Highs
3043:Hawks family
2636:. 9 February 2014
2474:978-1-5386-3803-3
2304:978-1-4842-2046-7
1579:. 4 December 2013
1192:"Cloud Computing"
1171:iotworldtoday.com
1102:(2): 15:1–15:32.
863:publish-subscribe
718:Richard E. Morley
705:
704:
617:federate learning
464:IIoT Architecture
424:
423:
225:Hellenistic world
220:Maya civilization
16:(Redirected from
4963:
4805:EU Customs Union
4337:Secular humanism
4285:Christian ethics
4235:East–West Schism
4218:Physical culture
3942:Great Divergence
3892:Age of Discovery
3731:
3724:
3717:
3708:
3621:Great Divergence
3526:
3519:
3512:
3503:
3487:
3486:
3475:
3474:
3378:Great Divergence
3332:Water frame
3267:Cotton mill
3093:Robert Owen
2953:
2921:Water power
2901:Steam power
2856:Coal mining
2834:Potential future
2768:
2761:
2754:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2555:. Archived from
2549:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2407:www.paessler.com
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2384:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2215:
2213:10.17487/RFC7326
2197:
2188:
2187:
2178:
2176:10.17487/RFC7548
2160:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2140:
2134:. Archived from
2129:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2069:. Archived from
2064:
2055:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1977:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1876:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1842:. February 2011.
1832:
1826:
1825:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1719:. Archived from
1708:
1702:
1701:
1686:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1663:10.1109/6.284793
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1523:. Archived from
1517:
1511:
1510:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1163:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1111:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1046:
916:power generation
650:
605:machine learning
539:technology, and
489:
475:
461:
416:
409:
402:
235:Byzantine Empire
30:
21:
4971:
4970:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4895:UKUSA Agreement
4835:Lublin Triangle
4720:Baltic Assembly
4672:
4666:
4584:
4421:
4256:
4126:Eurolinguistics
3995:
3984:Information age
3957:Interwar period
3824:
3744:
3735:
3705:
3700:
3635:
3606:Medieval Europe
3535:
3530:
3500:
3495:
3463:
3412:
3341:
3292:Power loom
3249:
3243:
3219:New Lanark
3162:
3158:John Wyatt
3148:James Watt
3098:Lewis Paul
2998:Henry Cort
2960:
2954:
2945:
2839:
2782:
2772:
2742:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2716:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2692:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2588:
2586:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2562:
2560:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2536:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2475:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2363:
2361:
2360:. 23 April 2018
2352:
2351:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2305:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2269:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2162:
2161:
2154:
2144:
2142:
2141:on 8 March 2021
2138:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2098:Zurier, Steve.
2097:
2096:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2076:on 8 March 2021
2073:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2036:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1979:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1888:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1674:
1670:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1631:InformationWeek
1624:
1623:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1225:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1109:10.1145/3502265
1089:
1088:
1084:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1036:
1024:
984:
972:
963:
946:
937:
905:Integration of
887:
798:
710:
626:
577:cloud computing
559:Cloud computing
505:cloud computing
497:
496:
495:
494:
493:
490:
481:
480:
479:
476:
467:
466:
465:
462:
451:
443:cloud computing
420:
391:
390:
376:
374:Article indices
366:
365:
346:
338:
337:
268:
260:
259:
250:Medieval Europe
195:
187:
186:
177:Post-industrial
165:Imagination Age
155:Information Age
115:Standardization
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4969:
4967:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4938:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4925:Westernization
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4905:Visegrád Group
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:Nordic Council
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4740:Bucharest Nine
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4705:Arctic Council
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4610:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4456:
4431:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4417:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4383:
4382:
4381:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4324:
4323:
4322:
4315:Existentialism
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4215:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4061:
4060:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3848:Late antiquity
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3711:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3601:Medieval Islam
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3481:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2726:
2708:Dahad, Nitin.
2700:
2674:
2647:
2621:
2596:
2570:
2544:
2519:
2480:
2473:
2443:
2418:
2394:
2370:
2342:
2318:
2303:
2277:
2252:
2226:
2189:
2152:
2116:
2087:
2045:
2021:
1997:
1967:
1942:
1936:978-1514521021
1935:
1916:
1895:
1871:
1859:Control Global
1845:
1827:
1808:
1793:
1763:
1744:
1726:
1703:
1692:(2 May 2002).
1681:
1668:
1645:
1617:
1590:
1564:
1552:Control Global
1538:
1527:on 9 June 2019
1512:
1489:
1470:(4): 724–735.
1450:
1411:
1376:
1337:
1325:
1301:
1290:Techopedia.com
1277:
1253:
1243:. 9 April 2019
1232:
1221:cloudwards.net
1207:
1182:
1155:
1131:
1082:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1023:
1020:
983:
980:
971:
968:
962:
959:
945:
942:
936:
933:
886:
883:
882:
881:
870:
855:
849:
839:
833:
827:
816:
797:
794:
722:General Motors
709:
706:
703:
702:
699:
693:
692:
674:
668:
667:
664:
658:
657:
654:
653:Content layer
625:
622:
621:
620:
598:
592:
565:Edge computing
562:
556:
509:edge computing
491:
484:
483:
482:
477:
470:
469:
468:
463:
456:
455:
454:
453:
452:
450:
447:
422:
421:
419:
418:
411:
404:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
383:
377:
372:
371:
368:
367:
364:
363:
358:
353:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
258:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
200:Ancient Africa
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
185:
184:
179:
173:
172:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
99:
98:
94:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
58:
52:
51:
49:Pre-industrial
44:
41:
40:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4968:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4870:PROSUR/PROSUL
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4765:Craiova Group
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4680:ABCANZ Armies
4678:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4485:Protestantism
4483:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4405:Sovereigntism
4403:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4384:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4300:Scholasticism
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4148:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4075:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3990:
3989:War on terror
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:Modern period
3880:
3878:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3738:Western world
3732:
3727:
3725:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3576:Ancient Greek
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:Ancient Egypt
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3527:
3522:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:Social impact
3344:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3199:Coalbrookdale
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2779:technological
2776:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2715:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2610:
2606:
2600:
2597:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2545:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2459:. IEEE: 1–4.
2458:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2419:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2157:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1860:
1856:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:Computerworld
1672:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1655:IEEE Spectrum
1649:
1646:
1634:. 7 July 2014
1633:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1539:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:: 6700–6707.
1430:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1172:
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4598:Natural law
4575:Agnosticism
4553:Hellenistic
4531:Anglo-Saxon
4461:Catholicism
4400:Atlanticism
4305:Rationalism
4111:Immigration
4094:Esotericism
3952:World War I
3917:Romanticism
3897:Reformation
3877:Renaissance
3855:Middle Ages
3820:Christendom
3749:Foundations
3611:Renaissance
3393:Proletariat
3353:Bourgeoisie
2358:www.bdo.com
2034:www.omg.org
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1864:27 November
1638:10 November
1610:10 November
1583:27 November
1557:27 November
1425:IEEE Access
1016:data diodes
970:PV industry
744:machine at
555:techniques.
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521:3D printing
428:industrial
125:Machine Age
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4262:Philosophy
4250:Secularism
4201:Philosophy
4138:Literature
3932:Capitalism
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3248:Invention/
3214:Ironbridge
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2775:Industrial
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2693:31 October
2667:29 October
2609:IoT Agenda
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2437:2020-10-06
2412:2020-10-06
2388:2018-10-08
2364:2018-10-08
2336:2018-10-08
2331:fm.sap.com
2272:2018-10-08
2246:2018-10-08
2104:IoT Agenda
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2015:2022-11-29
1961:2019-09-18
1889:2019-09-18
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1295:2018-10-08
1271:2018-10-08
1247:2019-05-14
1226:2019-05-14
1201:2018-10-08
1176:2019-06-03
1149:2018-10-08
1034:References
920:Smart Grid
130:Atomic Age
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4435:Abrahamic
4392:Peritrope
4374:Tolerance
4354:Socialism
4184:Mythology
4172:Classical
4121:Languages
4099:Astrology
3947:Modernism
3761:Old World
3596:Byzantine
3556:Neolithic
3417:Reference
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3179:Allentown
2926:Workforce
2896:Sociology
2886:Machinery
2876:Invention
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2432:The Verge
2132:Accenture
2067:Accenture
1776:Techvibes
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1445:2169-3536
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1371:0360-8352
1126:246883126
1118:2691-1914
1077:0166-3615
911:actuation
726:Honeywell
716:(PLC) by
682:Bluetooth
140:Space Age
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4880:Schengen
4810:Eurozone
4650:Property
4645:Religion
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4526:Germanic
4506:Paganism
4427:Religion
4415:European
4327:Humanism
4230:Religion
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4155:Internet
4106:Folklore
4077:Clothing
4048:Calendar
4024:Cyrillic
4009:Alphabet
3972:Cold War
3478:Category
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2959:People/
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1909:26 June
1001:Stuxnet
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