71:
301:
339:, one charged with other offences, was induced, through hope of pardon, to give false evidence against the innocent. The equitable and vigilant magistrate conducted him out of the city under a guard, lest the populace should have stoned him... The Jew was ordered to the torture till he should speak as he had been instructed... The innocent were condemned to die.... Nor was the promise of pardon made good to the feigned adulterer, for he was fixed to a gibbet, and then he disclosed the whole secret contrivance; and with his last breath he protested to all the beholders that the women died innocent."
179:
56:
1832:(justice collaborators), waves of arrests and trials, and the incarceration of several hundreds of radical left activists, many of whom were sentenced to very long terms (22 years and over). According to available data, 4087 activists were detained at the beginning of the 1980s in prisons around the country, including a few hundred in maximum security facilities.
2282:
118:", among other terms) is a person who provides privileged information, or (usually damaging) information intended to be intimate, concealed, or secret, about a person or organization to an agency, often a government or law enforcement agency. The term is usually used within the law-enforcement world, where informants are officially known as
70:
1151:
According to the
Confidential Informant Guidelines, a confidential informant or "CI" is "any individual who provides useful and credible information to a Justice Law Enforcement Agency (JLEA) regarding felonious criminal activities and from whom the JLEA expects or intends to obtain additional useful
192:
Informants, and especially criminal informants, can be motivated by many reasons. Many informants are not themselves aware of all of their reasons for providing information, but nonetheless do so. Many informants provide information while under stress, duress, emotion and other life factors that can
165:
by their former criminal associates. Whatever the nature of a group, it is likely to feel strong hostility toward any known informers, regard them as threats and inflict punishments ranging from social ostracism through physical abuse and/or death. Informers are therefore generally protected, either
157:
Law enforcement and intelligence agencies may face criticism regarding their conduct towards informants. Informants may be shown leniency for their own crimes in exchange for information, or simply turn out to be dishonest in their information, resulting in the time and money spent acquiring them
288:
to monitor or control labor organizations and their activities. Such individuals may be professionals or recruits from the workforce. They may be willing accomplices, or may be tricked into informing on their co-workers' unionization efforts.
1136:
1446:
673:
to a stool. The bird would flap its wings in a futile attempt to escape. The sound of the wings flapping would attract other pigeons to the stool where a large number of birds could be easily killed or captured.
153:
Informants are extremely common in every-day police work, including homicide and narcotics investigations. Any citizen who provides crime-related information to law enforcement by definition is an informant.
196:
Law enforcement officers, prosecutors, defense lawyers, judges and others should be aware of possible motivations so that they can properly approach, assess and verify informants' information.
134:). It can also refer pejoratively to someone who supplies information without the consent of the involved parties. The term is commonly used in politics, industry, entertainment, and academia.
1808:
were characterized by the persistence and prolongation of political and social unrest that many
Western countries experienced during the late 1960s. The decade saw the multiplication of
145:
regarding felonious criminal activities and from whom the agency expects or intends to obtain additional useful and credible information regarding such activities in the future".
2213:
686:, actor, who was arrested with cocaine and provided the names of other dealers in exchange for a sentence of three to seven years rather than a possible life imprisonment
1744:
358:, usually in exchange for sentence reductions or other inducements, have been the focus of particular controversy. Some examples of their use are in connection with
1489:
292:
Paid informants have often been used by authorities within politically and socially oriented movements to weaken, destabilize and ultimately break them.
605:(1940–1945), the word has been used specifically to indicate the Danish whistleblowers, agents, and spies which informed the German secret police, the
2323:
422:
canary – derives from the fact that canaries sing, and "singing" is underworld or street slang for providing information or talking to the police.
2263:
1308:
2197:
1711:
1401:
1202:
1292:
1122:"Reading English for specialized purposes: Discourse analysis and the use of student informants" by A Cohen, H Glasman, PR Rosenbaum-Cohen,
2318:
2261:
Andropov to the
Central Committee. The Demonstration in Red Square Against the Warsaw Pact Invasion of Czechoslovakia. September 20, 1968
440:
1096:"The Weakest Link: The Dire Consequences of a Weak Link in the Informant Handling and Covert Operations Chain-of-Command" by M Levine.
2239:
1361:"UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. CLAYTON FOUNTAIN, THOMAS E. SILVERSTEIN, and RANDY K. GOMETZ, Defendants-Appellants"
2012:
1921:
1868:
1618:
1560:
1522:
74:
Two-page totally confidential, direct and immediate letter from the
Iranian Minister of Finance to the Minister of Foreign Affairs (
60:
758:
1745:"The failed amnesty of the 'years of lead' in Italy: Continuity and transformations between (de)politicization and punitiveness"
1773:
1752:
182:
1360:
1243:"Thoughts on a neglected category of social movement participant: The agent provocateur and the informant" by GT Marx –
1418:
1024:
1109:"Pursuing strategic advantage through political means: A multivariate approach" by DA Schuler, K Rehbein, RD Cramer –
371:
1085: : one who makes a practice especially for a financial reward of informing against others for violations of penal laws
300:
63:
congratulates and offers a partial payment to a fully disguised informant whose information led to the neutralization of a
632:
331:
described a judiciary case which involved the prosecution of a woman suspected to have advised another woman not to marry
49:
42:
1276:
693:
444:
64:
2313:
1819:
1512:
1333:
2328:
2189:
1039:
610:
602:
31:
977:
2004:
777:
38:
1860:
1423:
515:
336:
1019:
791:
1703:
935:
636:
363:
199:
Generally, informants' motivations can be broken down into self-interest, self-preservation and conscience.
946:
2333:
571:
142:
2286:
2102:
2308:
2260:
1805:
828:
771:
458:
141:, a confidential informant or "CI" is "any individual who provides useful and credible information to a
2159:
465:
for "grasshopper", meaning "copper" or "shopper", having additional associations with the popular song
1230:"Judicial Control of Informants, Spies, Stool Pigeons, and Agent Provocateurs" by RC Donnelly –
342:
Criminal informant schemes have been used as cover for politically motivated intelligence offensives.
1856:
987:
837:
749:
718:
308:
Informers alert authorities regarding government officials that are corrupt. Officials may be taking
1002:
815:
762:
479:
1826:
and state repressive measures. The early 1980s were characterized by the appearance of the first
1897:
1823:
1812:
1795:
1634:
Chicano intravenous drug users: The collection and interpretation of data from hidden
Populations
1289:
842:
705:
519:
426:
367:
355:
317:
1217:"Private detective agencies and labour discipline in the United States, 1855–1946" by RP Weiss.
914:. In some KGB documents has also been used the designation "source of operational information" (
1393:
1387:
961:
320:. Informers in some countries receive a percentage of all money recovered by their government.
178:
2193:
2008:
1988:
1927:
1917:
1913:
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1614:
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1397:
1198:
1029:
982:
972:
555:
379:
284:
Corporations and the detective agencies that sometimes represent them have historically hired
185:
1973:"Reflections on the role of statutory immunity in the criminal justice system" by WJ Bauer –
1693:
1318:
1777:
1699:
1451:
915:
896:
833:
800:
670:
662:
563:
548:
511:
467:
359:
2247:
554:
snitch – informing is commonly referred to as "snitching", term originally used within the
394:
convictions exonerated by DNA were accompanied by false testimony by jailhouse informants.
354:(admissions against penal interest) which they claim to have heard while the accused is in
2267:
2122:
1338:
1309:"A Conversation with Death Row Prisoner Stanley Tookie Williams from his San Quentin Cell"
1296:
1066:
819:
594:
494:
486:
475:
451:
387:
78:) about creating a foreign information network for controlling smuggling, 15 December 1952
55:
30:
This article is about a person who provides privileged information. For other uses, see
2061:"Elevating the Role of the Informer: The Value of Secret Information". MW Krasilovsky.
1657:"Some ethical dilemmas in the handling of police informers" by C Dunnighan, C Norris –
1313:
860:
824:
783:
730:
713:
75:
1261:
2302:
2214:"Lawyer X: how Victoria police got it 'profoundly wrong' with informant Nicola Gobbo"
1996:
1799:
1058:
1034:
880:
796:
787:
741:
699:
559:
530:), and people who delivered confidential informations to the authorities during the "
523:
462:
430:
138:
514:
term meaning "one who repents". Originally and most frequently used in reference to
2293:
2181:
2074:"On Truth and Lie in a Colonial Sense: Kipling's Tales of Tale-telling" by A Hai –
1364:
1014:
992:
864:
809:
735:
724:
689:
640:
598:
332:
324:
1608:
1905:
1761:
908:
535:
527:
403:
313:
285:
845:(commonly known as "White Boy Rick"), the youngest FBI informant ever at age 14
402:"Narc (Narcotics)" redirects here. For another usage of the phrase "narc", see
1782:
1729:
1257:
957:
767:
575:
567:
531:
328:
1957:"Sociology of Confinement: Assimilation and the Prison 'Rat'" by EH Johnson.
1791:
1274:"CIA Assets and the Rise of the Guadalajara Connection" J. Marshall –
997:
888:
805:
745:
683:
447:
382:
has stated that 15% of all wrongful convictions later exonerated because of
375:
304:
A redacted version of the FBI policy manual concerning the use of informants
1610:
Supergrasses: a study in anti-terrorist law enforcement in
Northern Ireland
669:
The term "stool pigeon" originates from the antiquated practice of tying a
2281:
1389:
Warfare in the
American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy
17:
1816:
1471:
738:, former Australian barrister who provided information on her own clients
709:
649:
162:
1537:"The Origin of fink 'informer, hired strikebreaker'" by William Sayers.
1828:
1008:
884:
754:
606:
590:
507:
351:
309:
895:. Officially, those informants were referred to as "secret coworker" (
2000:
1909:
1765:
879:, and secretly cooperated with law enforcement agencies, such as the
868:
658:
391:
167:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1695:
Made Men: Mafia
Culture and the Power of Symbols, Rituals, and Myth
635:
term for an informant, often one who informed on the activities of
1993:
Snitching: Criminal
Informants and the Erosion of American Justice
1931:
1878:
1721:
1152:
and credible information regarding such activities in the future."
409:
299:
177:
170:
or, if they are not incarcerated, relocated under a new identity.
91:
69:
54:
1447:"Wrong convictions spur Florida to rethink using jail informants"
37:"Informer" and "Stool pigeon" redirect here. For other uses, see
628:
436:
ear – someone who overhears something and tells the authorities.
2162:(in Portuguese). Super Interessante Magazine. 21 December 2016
1853:
1514:
Games, Diversions & Perl Culture: Best of the Perl Journal
892:
383:
1577:
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence
1183:. 6th ed. Columbia College of Missouri. Pearson, 2010. p. 264
518:
informants, it has also been used to refer to informants for
1959:
The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science
48:"Confidential Informant" redirects here. For the film, see
1944:"Speaker and Structure in Donne's Satyre" by NM Bradbury.
1575:"The Intelligence War in Northern Ireland" by K Maguire –
230:
Diversion of suspicion from their own criminal activities.
227:
Elimination of competitors engaged in criminal activities.
1539:
A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews
335:: "Neither indeed was there any accuser, until a certain
193:
affect the accuracy or veracity of information provided.
547:
rat – informing is commonly referred to as "ratting" in
501:, which means "cunning", "deceitful", and/or "criminal".
1197:(2nd ed.). Toronto: Pearson Canada. p. 217.
1175:
1173:
224:
Elimination of rivals or unwanted criminal associates.
1646:
Prison patter: a dictionary of prison words and slang
273:
Genuine desire to assist law enforcement and society.
1195:
Criminal investigation : in search of the truth
1167:. 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2013. pp. 65–66
433:
who specialize in surveillance, or police generally.
1743:Rossi, Federica (April 2021). Treiber, Kyle (ed.).
1332:Mills, Steve; Possley, Maurice (December 9, 2004).
597:term meaning "stabber", mainly used in relation to
907:) and often were referred by the Russian-derived
1687:
1685:
520:Italian paramilitary and terrorist organizations
1181:Criminal Investigation: The Art and the Science
1392:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp.
474:narc – a member of a specialist anti-narcotic
1842:
1840:
1417:Berman, Thomas; Sher, Lauren (May 26, 2010).
757:a.k.a. Tekashi 6ix9ine, American rapper, who
8:
780:, New York City drug dealer turned informant
215:Withdrawal or dismissal of criminal charges.
188:aid for assessing confidential human sources
2057:
2055:
1849:"The Blast Furnace of Terrorism: 1979–1980"
2238:Ash, Timothy Garton (September 25, 2003).
1975:Journal of Criminal Law. & Criminology
2087:"Telling tales in school" by A Minister.
1969:
1967:
1781:
202:A list of possible motivations includes:
1946:Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900
1692:Nicaso, Antonio; Danesi, Marcel (2013).
1419:"Etan Patz Case Reopened 31 Years Later"
374:, and a suspect in the disappearance of
1050:
661:, possibly inspired by the comic strip
1677:A spy or informer, esp. for the police
1595:A spy or informer, esp. for the police
1483:
1481:
859:A system of informants existed in the
696:, which he would later testify against
538:" nationwide judiciary investigations.
253:Desire for witness protection program.
2147:Prison ministry: hope behind the wall
1579:, Volume 4, Issue 2 1990, pp. 145–165
1553:Criminal Classes: Offenders at School
1490:"The Role of the "Rat" in the Prison"
1334:"Man executed on disproved forensics"
221:Choice of location to serve sentence.
7:
2103:"End of 'touts' in Northern Ireland"
1445:Stutzman, Rene (December 27, 2011).
471:and the phrase "snake in the grass".
2294:Federal informants in Chicago gangs
1317:. November 30, 2005. Archived from
485:nark – this may have come from the
1902:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism
1262:"On the Deaths of the Persecutors"
1081:one that informs against another;
727:, Whitey Bulger's partner-in-crime
558:and more recently associated with
25:
1813:extra-parliamentary organizations
924:istochnik operativnoi informatsii
350:Jailhouse informants, who report
161:Informants are often regarded as
2280:
1541:. Winter 2005 Cornell University
1474:. Thesaurus.com. September 2023.
1363:. Project Posner. Archived from
731:Flores twins Pedro and Margarito
637:Irish paramilitary organizations
390:by jailhouse informants. 50% of
2324:Organized crime members by role
2045:"Instigated Crime" by S Shaw –
1822:, and an upsurge in the use of
1774:European Society of Criminology
1753:European Journal of Criminology
1098:Law Enforcement Executive Forum
920:источник оперативной информации
786:, the first boss of one of the
212:Pre-trial release from custody.
27:Person who provides information
2123:"The murky world of informers"
2101:McDonald, Henry (2000-10-28).
1824:politically motivated violence
1025:United States Marshals Service
412:terms for informants include:
261:Desire to leave criminal past.
1:
2160:"De onde surgiu o termo X-9?"
1989:"The Role of Rap and Hip Hop"
1659:Public Money & Management
1245:American Journal of Sociology
1111:Academy of Management Journal
863:and was later adopted by the
439:fink – this may refer to the
166:by being segregated while in
50:Confidential Informant (film)
43:Stool pigeon (disambiguation)
2244:The New York Review of Books
1987:Natapoff, Alexandra (2009).
1894:"Dozier, James Lee (1931– )"
1277:Crime, Law and Social Change
1221:, 2009. Cambridge Univ Press
871:, such people were known as
609:, in order to undermine the
386:results were accompanied by
247:Threat of arrest or charges.
65:terrorist in the Philippines
2319:Law enforcement terminology
678:List of notable individuals
2350:
2190:Princeton University Press
2149:by Dennis W. Pierce – 2006
1892:Sullivan, Colleen (2011).
1063:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1040:Witness Protection Program
955:
944:
933:
836:, former underboss of the
712:who testified against the
611:Danish resistance movement
603:Nazi occupation of Denmark
556:African-American community
401:
280:Labor and social movements
120:confidential human sources
59:A representative from the
47:
36:
32:Informant (disambiguation)
29:
2030:Oxford English Dictionary
2005:New York University Press
1783:10.1177/14773708211008441
1673:Oxford English Dictionary
1607:Greer, Steven C. (1995).
1591:Oxford English Dictionary
919:
900:
244:Fear of harm from others.
39:Informer (disambiguation)
2188:. Princeton and Oxford:
1861:Indiana University Press
1847:Drake, Richard (2021) .
1704:Rowman & Littlefield
1386:James, Joy, ed. (2007).
1193:Allen, Bill Van (2011).
1163:Palmiotto, J., Micheal.
429:term. May also refer to
312:or be participants in a
250:Threat of incarceration.
947:pl:Tajny współpracownik
936:Unofficial collaborator
855:Russia and Soviet Union
702:, Boston Irish mob boss
616:stool pigeon or stoolie
601:. During and after the
372:Marshall "Eddie" Conway
364:Cameron Todd Willingham
236:Desire to become a spy.
1290:scc.lexum.umontreal.ca
1219:The Historical Journal
1165:Criminal Investigation
962:es:Patriota cooperante
619:tell tale or tell-tale
305:
218:Reduction of sentence.
189:
143:law enforcement agency
79:
67:
2289:at Wikimedia Commons
1367:on September 28, 2007
1321:on November 15, 2007.
1020:Turn state's evidence
978:Aguilar–Spinelli test
887:and later the Soviet
829:Genovese crime family
792:turn state's evidence
772:Lucchese crime family
657:X9 - A slang term in
398:Terminology and slang
303:
181:
73:
61:U.S. State Department
58:
2186:The Passenger Pigeon
2007:. pp. 135–138.
1916:. pp. 162–163.
1857:Bloomington, Indiana
1815:, the presence of a
1511:Orwant, Jon (2003).
1179:Lyman, D., Micheal.
988:Covert interrogation
838:Bonanno crime family
790:in New York City to
750:Gambino crime family
572:derivative subgenres
346:Jailhouse informants
174:Informant motivation
1613:. Clarendon Press.
1555:. Waterside Press.
1488:Wilmer, HA (1965).
1003:Hollywood blacklist
901:секретный сотрудник
816:Freddie Scappaticci
763:Nine Trey Gangsters
480:police intelligence
241:Self-Preservation:
149:Criminal informants
128:criminal informants
2314:Criminal procedure
2266:2007-10-12 at the
2192:. pp. 72–88.
1820:far right movement
1551:Devlin, A (1995).
1517:. O'Reilly Media.
1295:2010-11-10 at the
905:sekretny sotrudnik
843:Richard Wershe Jr.
706:Nicholas Calabrese
570:, alongside their
493:for "nose" or the
368:Thomas Silverstein
356:pretrial detention
306:
264:Guilty conscience.
190:
80:
68:
2329:Police informants
2285:Media related to
2199:978-0-691-16295-9
2034:A police informer
1914:SAGE Publications
1772:on behalf of the
1770:SAGE Publications
1713:978-1-4422-2227-4
1648:by A Devlin. 1996
1403:978-0-8223-3923-6
1204:978-0-13-800011-0
1030:Watergate scandal
983:Counter-terrorism
973:Agent provocateur
827:, soldier of the
721:, Irish terrorist
443:who were used as
380:Innocence Project
209:Financial reward.
16:(Redirected from
2341:
2284:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2246:. Archived from
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
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2036:
2025:
2019:
2018:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1904:(2nd ed.).
1889:
1883:
1882:
1855:(2nd ed.).
1844:
1835:
1834:
1785:
1749:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1700:Lanham, Maryland
1698:(1st ed.).
1689:
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1679:
1668:
1662:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1636:by R Ramos. 1990
1631:
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1452:Orlando Sentinel
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1241:
1235:
1232:Yale Law Journal
1228:
1222:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1137:"Special Report"
1133:
1127:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1075:
1073:
1055:
921:
902:
834:Salvatore Vitale
818:, member of the
755:Daniel Hernandez
671:passenger pigeon
663:Secret Agent X-9
549:American English
468:Whispering Grass
360:Stanley Williams
86:(also called an
21:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2299:
2298:
2278:
2273:
2268:Wayback Machine
2259:
2255:
2240:"Orwell's List"
2237:
2236:
2232:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2200:
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2015:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1939:
1924:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1863:. p. 220.
1846:
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1067:Merriam-Webster
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956:Main articles:
954:
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820:Provisional IRA
680:
476:law enforcement
452:strike-breakers
407:
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388:false testimony
348:
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270:Mutual respect.
206:Self-Interest:
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2276:External links
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2250:on 2016-03-05.
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2089:Education 3–13
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801:Orwell's list
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797:George Orwell
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788:Five Families
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740:
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2309:Criminal law
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2248:the original
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2220:. 2020-09-04
2218:the Guardian
2217:
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2164:. Retrieved
2154:
2146:
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2131:. Retrieved
2129:. 2006-04-04
2126:
2117:
2106:. Retrieved
2096:
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1365:the original
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1343:. Retrieved
1337:
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1082:
1078:
1077:
1070:. Retrieved
1062:
1053:
1015:Plea bargain
1007:
993:Denunciation
923:
911:
904:
876:
872:
865:Soviet Union
858:
810:Murder, Inc.
799:, author of
736:Nicola Gobbo
725:Steve Flemmi
690:Nicky Barnes
668:
641:the Troubles
599:World War II
564:hardcore rap
542:
524:Red Brigades
498:
490:
466:
419:cheese eater
416:blabbermouth
408:
349:
341:
333:Maximinus II
322:
307:
291:
283:
258:Conscience:
201:
198:
195:
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108:stool pigeon
107:
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1906:Los Angeles
1898:Martin, Gus
1776:: 381–400.
1762:Los Angeles
909:portmanteau
873:osvedomitel
778:Frank Lucas
719:James Carey
694:The Council
622:tattle-tale
576:subcultures
541:pursuivant
536:Mani pulite
404:Drug addict
286:labor spies
267:Redemption.
2303:Categories
2287:Informants
2224:2022-08-27
2182:Fuller, E.
2133:2018-02-02
2108:2018-02-01
1932:2011009896
1879:2020050360
1730:1030395983
1722:2013006239
1258:Lactantius
1146:2021-01-28
1059:"informer"
1046:References
958:Snitch Law
850:By country
768:Henry Hill
692:, head of
532:Maxi Trial
528:Front Line
478:agency or
459:supergrass
448:detectives
441:Pinkertons
427:Australian
329:Lactantius
327:historian
314:money loop
18:Informants
2166:11 August
2028:"snout".
1800:234835036
1792:1741-2609
1589:"grass".
998:Espionage
952:Venezuela
889:militsiya
877:donoschik
806:Abe Reles
774:associate
759:testified
746:underboss
744:, former
684:Tim Allen
543:(archaic)
457:grass or
376:Etan Patz
186:Anchorage
94:term, a "
90:or, as a
84:informant
2264:Archived
2184:(2014).
2127:BBC News
2047:Alta. LQ
1997:New York
1817:militant
1810:far-left
1671:"nose".
1472:"snitch"
1430:July 16,
1424:ABC News
1293:Archived
967:See also
761:against
710:made man
650:turncoat
639:during "
587:squealer
499:narquois
318:kickback
296:Politics
233:Revenge.
163:traitors
88:informer
1948:, 1985.
1900:(ed.).
1829:pentiti
1371:May 28,
1009:Pentiti
930:Germany
916:Russian
897:Russian
885:Okhrana
812:hit man
748:of the
607:Gestapo
591:stikker
584:spotter
534:" and "
512:Italian
508:pentito
352:hearsay
137:In the
112:stoolie
2196:
2091:, 1990
2078:, 1997
2065:, 1954
2049:, 1938
2011:
2001:London
1977:, 1976
1961:. 1961
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1766:London
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1661:, 1998
1617:
1559:
1521:
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1280:, 1991
1247:, 1974
1234:, 1951
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1113:, 2002
1100:, 2009
1072:6 June
941:Poland
912:seksot
883:force
869:Russia
659:Brazil
654:weasel
595:Danish
566:, and
495:French
487:Romani
482:force.
425:dog –
392:murder
378:. The
310:bribes
168:prison
126:), or
114:" or "
104:canary
96:snitch
1896:. In
1796:S2CID
1760:(2).
1748:(PDF)
1394:96–99
1126:, 197
867:. In
646:trick
581:snout
516:Mafia
497:term
489:term
410:Slang
116:grass
92:slang
2194:ISBN
2168:2023
2063:ABAJ
2009:ISBN
1999:and
1928:LCCN
1918:ISBN
1908:and
1875:LCCN
1865:ISBN
1804:The
1788:ISSN
1764:and
1726:OCLC
1718:LCCN
1708:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1519:ISBN
1432:2011
1398:ISBN
1373:2007
1347:2009
1199:ISBN
1074:2016
960:and
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629:tout
574:and
568:trap
526:and
504:nose
450:and
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1778:doi
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893:KGB
891:or
875:or
491:nak
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337:Jew
183:FBI
124:CHS
100:rat
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
