504:
574:
The Canon d'Infantrie de 37 modele 1916 TRP (37mm mle.1916) was a French infantry support gun, first used during World War I. The gun was used by a number of forces during and after the war. The US acquired a number of these guns, which they designated 37mm M1916; however, by 1941 the US Army had put
520:
indirect fire, especially given the prevalence of trenches. Second, it needed to be capable of low angle direct fire, while being carried by assault infantry, to engage strongpoints, bunkers, and other fortifications. Some infantry support guns that appeared between world wars, such as the German
519:
Infantry support guns drew much interest in course of World War I because of the developments in trench warfare. In addition to the usual requirements that they needed to be portable enough to be carried by infantry, two separate capabilities were desired. First, it needed to engage in high angle
558:
The Canon de 76 FRC was a
Belgian infantry support gun, produced by the Fonderie Royale des Canons (FRC). The gun was typically of 76 mm calibre; however, an optional 47 mm barrel could be fitted instead. The gun was designed for transport via a trailer towed by a vehicle. In 1940, the
344:. Attachment of guns to the infantry had practical reasons also. While the allocation of horses was reckoned at one for each 350–500 pounds of ordnance and its carriage, this was only true for availability of good horses and good roads, both in short supply due to unscrupulous civilian
493:
General
Augustin Lespinasse on battalion guns: "If you want to prevent your troops from manouevering, embarrass them with guns ... A line of infantry supported by good, properly established batteries retains its order of battle
575:
these into storage (or scrapped them). Poland fielded a number. In 1940, the
Wehrmacht began using these as 3.7 cm IG 152(f). During the First World War, the Japanese Type 11 was based on this design.
325:
The first School of
Artillery in Venice was opened early in the 16th century, and by the late 17th century the different old names of the lighter ordnance were abandoned, and replaced with the French
473:, changing length of the barrels to standard 18-calibre length, including the regimental 4-pounders. These were now pulled by four horses and used large six-wheeled vehicles that also included the
145:. Along with increases in the sizes of ordnance (the barrels) came the requirement of easier transportation. This led to two divergent approaches, the very light hand-gun, and eventually the
179:. The light field guns of the 17th century, commonly known as a drake in England, came in almost 100 different calibres, with each having its own distinct name, some of which were:
424:. The 4-pounder proved too heavy to be employed as a battalion gun so Swedish 4-pounders were used for that purpose beginning in 1757. Two years later the French began using the
690:
129:, initially in China, and later brought to Europe by the Mongol invasion. In their initial form, they lacked carriages or wheels, and were simple cast barrels called
371:
was in use with
British forces in the 18th century. Each British infantry battalion had an officer and 34 non commissioned officers and other ranks trained by the
703:
568:
313:, they were too slow to keep up with the infantry, and so horses were used to pull the lighter pieces, leading to the development of the artillery carriage and
149:, while another avenue of development led to the light ordnance, now on wheeled carriages, such as the 2-pounder Culvern moyane, the 1-pounder falcon, and the
589:
584:
521:
385:
for the regimental guns which were to accompany the infantry units as part of his reform of the
Prussian artillery as a whole before and during the
462:
393:
was only effective at a range of 100 yards, same as that of the musket range, and therefore put the gunners into the environment of direct
1051:
A Military
Dictionary: Or, Explanation of the Several Systems of Discipline of Different Kinds of Troops, Infantry, Artillery, and Cavalry
772:
by being either disassemblable for deployment or especially light, or both) are infantry support guns, but these types are also obsolete.
352:. In cases where the work was excessive for horses alone, infantry would join them in pulling the guns, calculated at 80 lbs per
996:
508:
431:
Manufacture of the ordnance was also revolutionised by the early-18th century invention of the boring mechanism by the Swiss gun-
673:
594:
541:
961:
678:
668:
651:
345:
405:
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421:
417:
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482:
413:
85:
738:
730:
512:
105:
349:
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Very few support guns are still in service with infantry units, as their roles have been largely replaced by
481:, carriages, ball, and powder charges introduced by de Gribeauval remained virtually unaltered through the
1087:
634:
109:
622:
525:
478:
425:
450:
were now well-fitted to the bore of the ordnance, and after conducting experiments with gunpowder, the
382:
1007:
Aide-mémoire to the
Military Sciences: Framed from Contributions of Officers of the Different Services
435:
283:
646:
474:
398:
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310:
142:
61:
754:
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of 330 and 290 metres (360 and 320 yd), and 1,980 and 1,760 metres (2,170 and 1,920 yd)
1072:
1055:
791:
368:
357:
53:
992:
458:
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which allowed for a far greater precision achieved in the casting, in essence creating a huge
341:
291:
253:
176:
160:
764:(guns designed to be disassembled into multiple parts for easier movement over terrain) and
742:
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656:
101:
750:
604:
552:
486:
372:
236:
205:
97:
1049:
962:"Strafbattalion: Hitler's Penal Battalions - Walter S. Zapotoczny Jr. - Google KsiÄ…ĹĽki"
361:
198:
172:
168:
93:
52:
they are intrinsic to, offering immediate tactical response to the needs of the unit's
1066:
713:
390:
73:
49:
141:
in
Italian. These weapons were relatively small, immobile, and fired large bolts or
765:
708:
599:
126:
528:
were designed to meet all these requirements simultaneously and saw action during
986:
781:
769:
718:
353:
164:
89:
69:
466:
447:
443:
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on which the barrel casting turned instead of the boring tool. Manufacture of
314:
786:
746:
42:
38:
17:
461:
influenced the development of the French artillery troops, and after 1764
761:
337:
146:
81:
57:
46:
167:
pieces eventually led to the development of the 3-pounder and 4-pounder
432:
397:
due to
Frederick's insistence that artillery should participate in the
76:
of other types of artillery. Their role has generally been replaced by
619:(heavily inspired by France's Canon d'Infantrie de 37 modele 1916 TRP)
454:
were determined to be one-third the weight of the shot (cannonball).
409:
65:
1030:, Andre Jandot (illustrator), W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1941
125:
Infantry support guns were the first type of artillery employed by
502:
469:, reorganised French artillery units to provide them with greater
439:
332:
The first regimental guns in English service were ordered by King
306:
529:
305:
were used to haul the heavier field and siege ordnance, some on
302:
77:
465:, the first Inspector of Artillery, after conducting trials in
27:
Artillery weapons used to increase firepower of infantry units
1016:, Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts, London, 1858
375:
to handle the two 3- or light 6-pounder guns battalion guns.
1028:
What the Citizen Should Know about Our Arms and Weapons
559:
Wehrmacht redesignated these as 7.6 cm IG 260(b).
757:
are used to engage point targets, such as structures.
64:, allowing them to be more easily manoeuvered on the
1014:Manual of the History and Science of Fire-arms ...
920:
412:) into five calibers. The lightest piece was the
1054:. William Duane, no. 98, Market street. p.
691:1.59 inch Breech-Loading Vickers Q.F. Gun, Mk II
360:which remains at the upper limit of the average
1019:Haythornthwaite, Philip J. & Fosten, Bryan
491:
1037:, Seeley, Service & Co., Ltd, London, 1971
844:
842:
336:in 1686; two 3-pounders for each of the seven
1009:, Volume II, Lockwood & Co., London, 1860
136:
8:
130:
960:Walter S Zapotoczny JR (21 December 2017).
317:that survived until the late 19th century.
41:weapons designed and used to increase the
836:pp. 551–552, The Corps of Royal Engineers
585:7.5 cm leichtes InfanteriegeschĂĽtz "L/13"
569:Canon d'Infanterie de 37 modèle 1916 TRP
408:standardized French artillery ordnance (
985:Chartrand, René; Hutchins, Ray (2003).
802:
389:. This included the determination that
381:of Prussia was the first to introduce
590:7.5 cm leichtes InfanteriegeschĂĽtz 18
522:7.5 cm leichtes InfanteriegeschĂĽtz 18
7:
600:15 cm schweres InfanteriegeschĂĽtz 33
463:Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval
340:(of one battalion each) encamped in
979:The Campaigns of Napoleon, Volume 1
171:of the 17th century as well as the
972:Cited works and general references
286:, weighing 100 pounds (45 kg)
256:, weighing 200 pounds (91 kg)
25:
991:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
428:but it only had limited service.
416:and the heavier cannons were 8-,
321:17th- to 19th-century development
56:. They typically have short, low-
60:barrels, and light construction
693:("Vickers-Crayford rocket gun")
674:37 mm anti-tank gun M1930 (1-K)
1021:Wellington's Specialist Troops
1005:The Corps of Royal Engineers,
68:. They are generally used for
1:
1023:Osprey Publishing, 24/11/1988
921:Chartrand & Hutchins 2003
542:List of infantry support guns
536:List of infantry support guns
679:76.2-mm regimental gun M1943
669:76.2-mm regimental gun M1927
595:7.5 cm InfanteriegeschĂĽtz 37
981:. Simon and Schuster, 1966.
652:Cannone da 65/17 modello 13
1104:
1035:Artillery Through the Ages
988:Napoleon's Guns, 1792–1815
768:(guns designed for use by
617:Type 11 37 mm infantry gun
539:
110:shoulder-launched missiles
86:infantry fighting vehicles
739:anti-tank guided missiles
731:rocket-propelled grenades
483:French Revolutionary Wars
446:was also improved so the
290:The saker and falcon had
175:, notably in the army of
106:rocket-propelled grenades
511:with a modified Russian
499:20th-century development
406:Florent-Jean de Vallière
364:unit requirement today.
350:road building technology
1048:William Duane (1810).
1033:Rogers, H.C.B., Col.,
635:37 mm trench gun M1915
516:
496:
457:Frederick's artillery
137:
131:
1026:Hicks, James Ernest,
1012:Deane, John, Deanes'
623:Type 92 Battalion Gun
526:Type 92 battalion gun
506:
116:Infantry support guns
31:Infantry support guns
755:wire-guided missiles
647:Cannone da 47/32 M35
977:Chandler, David G.
893:p. 21 Haythornwaite
798:Citations and notes
379:Frederick the Great
121:Development history
792:Self-propelled gun
719:105 mm Howitzer M3
517:
513:M1909 mountain gun
479:system of ordnance
426:1-pdr Rostaing gun
414:Vallière 4-pounder
369:Grasshopper cannon
292:point-blank ranges
72:, rather than the
54:commanding officer
1083:Explosive weapons
1078:Artillery by type
941:pp. 57–58, Rogers
911:pp. 56–57, Rogers
902:pp. 54–55, Rogers
743:Recoilless rifles
735:grenade launchers
383:artillery tactics
177:Gustavus Adolphus
102:recoilless rifles
16:(Redirected from
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849:
846:
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834:
828:
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657:Cannone da 70/15
605:7.6 cm IG 260(b)
436:Moritz of Geneva
387:Seven Years' War
281:
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276:
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267:
266:
262:
252:1-pound, 2-inch
248:
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233:
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217:
216:
212:
204:4-pound, 3-inch
201:, weighing 1 ton
196:
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163:. These lighter
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21:
1103:
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1098:
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1042:Further reading
999:
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950:p. 340 Chandler
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629:Imperial Russia
613:
581:
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553:Canon de 76 FRC
549:
544:
538:
501:
487:Napoleonic Wars
399:infantry attack
395:infantry combat
373:Royal Artillery
323:
278:
274:
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260:
259:
245:
241:
240:
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210:
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193:
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169:regimental guns
155:
151:
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123:
118:
94:combat vehicles
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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706:
704:M1916 37mm gun
699:
696:
695:
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686:
685:United Kingdom
683:
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556:
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548:
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540:Main article:
537:
534:
500:
497:
452:powder charges
367:The 3-pounder
362:light infantry
322:
319:
298:respectively.
296:extreme ranges
288:
287:
257:
250:
219:
202:
173:leather cannon
135:in French, or
122:
119:
117:
114:
35:battalion guns
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1100:
1089:
1088:Infantry guns
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998:9781841764580
994:
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932:p. 137, Hicks
929:
926:
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917:
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908:
905:
899:
896:
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884:p. 47, Rogers
881:
878:
875:p. 46, Rogers
872:
869:
866:p. 45, Rogers
863:
860:
854:
851:
848:p. 43, Rogers
845:
843:
839:
833:
830:
827:p. 39, Rogers
824:
821:
818:p. 36, Rogers
815:
812:
809:p. 11, Rogers
806:
803:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
775:
773:
771:
767:
766:airborne guns
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
724:
720:
717:
715:
714:M116 howitzer
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
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698:United States
697:
692:
689:
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567:
566:
562:
560:
554:
551:
550:
546:
543:
535:
533:
531:
527:
524:and Japanese
523:
515:, c.1916–1918
514:
510:
509:stormtroopers
505:
498:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:canister shot
388:
384:
380:
376:
374:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
330:
329:, or cannon.
328:
320:
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316:
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308:
304:
299:
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238:
220:
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182:
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148:
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139:
133:
128:
120:
115:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:indirect fire
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1050:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
987:
978:
955:
946:
937:
928:
923:, p. 4.
916:
907:
898:
889:
880:
871:
862:
857:p. 41, Deane
853:
832:
823:
814:
805:
770:paratroopers
759:
728:
725:Modern times
709:37 mm Gun M3
663:Soviet Union
573:
557:
518:
492:
456:
430:
403:
377:
366:
348:and lack of
331:
326:
324:
309:rather than
300:
289:
127:armed forces
124:
34:
30:
29:
18:Infantry gun
782:Assault gun
448:projectiles
444:cannonballs
422:24-pounders
354:infantryman
346:contractors
239:, weighing
208:, weighing
165:Renaissance
132:pots de fer
90:autocannons
70:direct fire
66:battlefield
1067:Categories
753:. Heavier
467:Strasbourg
420:, 16- and
315:horse team
1073:Artillery
787:Field gun
762:pack guns
747:howitzers
342:Hyde Park
338:regiments
301:Although
221:2-pound,
183:5-pound,
159:-pounder
82:tank guns
62:carriages
43:firepower
39:artillery
776:See also
475:caissons
471:mobility
459:doctrine
404:In 1732
334:James II
268:-pound,
254:falconet
161:falconet
147:arquebus
143:quarrels
92:, other
58:velocity
47:infantry
751:mortars
579:Germany
547:Belgium
507:German
494:better"
433:founder
410:barrels
311:limbers
284:robinet
277:⁄
263:⁄
244:⁄
230:⁄
213:⁄
192:⁄
154:⁄
98:mortars
45:of the
995:
749:, and
563:France
477:. The
307:wagons
282:-inch
237:falcon
235:-inch
206:minion
197:-inch
108:, and
88:using
80:using
760:Most
641:Italy
611:Japan
440:lathe
327:canon
199:saker
78:tanks
50:units
993:ISBN
530:WWII
485:and
358:load
356:, a
303:oxen
138:vasi
37:are
418:12-
249:ton
218:ton
33:or
1069::
1056:20
841:^
745:,
741:,
737:,
733:,
532:.
489:.
401:.
112:.
104:,
100:,
96:,
84:,
1058:.
1001:.
964:.
279:4
275:1
272:+
270:1
265:4
261:3
246:4
242:1
232:4
228:3
225:+
223:2
215:4
211:3
194:2
190:1
187:+
185:3
156:4
152:3
20:)
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