37:
405:, a pattern of a lack of information about the risks of treatment, patients not being provided with sufficient information about their diagnosis, failure by healthcare professionals to be candid with patients and obtain informed consent, and patients having their blood taken or "being tested upon" without them being made aware.
1419:
applicants can expect payments to be made; the basis on which each claim will be assessed; and impact information including on overall costs and the number of people eligible for payments ... The lack of basic information also makes it difficult for
Parliament and the public to scrutinise the Regulations properly.
413:
One campaign group welcomed the regulations as a "massive step forward" with what they felt was a scheme that appeared to be largely "fair overall". The UK Haemophilia
Society cautiously welcomed the regulations but expressed concern that the compensation payment levels did not fully reflect the true
1151:
Where P is not deceased, the relevant person may make an election (a "periodic payment election") that the compensation payment is to be paid as periodic payments, and, where the relevant person so elects, they must decide the term over which the periodic payments are to be paid, which may only be a
752:
The overall payment will be made up of a series of awards, including an injury impact award which "compensates for past and future physical and mental injury and emotional distress and injury to feelings", a social impact award for stigma and social isolation, and the autonomy award which takes into
1448:
We are concerned that the
Cabinet Office is withholding information on the impact and cost of the Regulations until after the time for Parliamentary scrutiny has passed, which is unacceptable and circumvents proper scrutiny of the Regulations. We have not been given a reason why the costs could not
1121:
Using current rates even for past care is a reasonable way to adjust for inflation. However, it is likely that care will in the past have been provided by family members or friends rather than by commercial agencies. To reflect this, the care award for past care is calculated on the basis that tax,
418:
welcomed the legislation but admitted to having reservations over the disparities between the infection bandings. Susan Lee, a solicitor for the Trust, said: "We welcome this legislation establishing, at long last, the
Infected Blood Compensation Authority ... We are still examining the information
322:
Where an infected person, prior to their death, was a beneficiary of one of the
Infected Blood Support Schemes, or one of the Alliance House organisations, their estate will be deemed eligible for compensation through the scheme, but the application may require the provision of further information.
222:
In order for an eligible infected person to receive their award under the core route, the IBCA must first establish that the applicant is no longer registered with an
Infected Blood Support Scheme. The applicant's IBSS beneficiary status must first be relinquished in order for them to receive their
191:
The core route provides for set tariffs with predefined severity levels in relation to infection with
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. This route offers the option of receiving compensation as an overall lump sum, or as monthly payments, with further options as to the frequency of the payments over set
174:
The regulations enact a compensation scheme to make payments via the "core route" to both the living infected and deceased infected. Eligibility is defined within Part 3 of the regulations as someone living or deceased "who has received NHS treatment, or armed forces treatment overseas, with blood,
1381:
Jason Evans, founder of the Factor 8 campaign group, whose father
Jonathan died in October 1993 after contracting HIV and hepatitis C from contaminated blood, described the scheme as a "massive step forward" ..."No amount of compensation will ever replace those who died, but this scheme seems fair
945:
Payments will continue to be paid, at the same level, via the
Infected Blood Support Schemes (IBSS) and on an ex-gratia basis until 31 March 2025. This means that any payments received before and up to 31 March 2025 will not be deducted from compensation awarded through the new Scheme. After this
662:
The
Government are clear that although laying the regulations relating to infected individuals taking the core route is an essential step to delivering justice, the work is not finished. A second set of regulations will provide for other elements of the compensation scheme, including compensation
238:
nature to the support payments being taken into account as compensation payments under the new IBCA scheme. An applicant's future financial loss and future care awards will be combined and assessed to determine the total compensation from these future-calculated components, which together will be
1418:
The compensation scheme is complex, and we found the Explanatory Memorandum (EM) to be of poor quality, using overly technical language and lacking basic information about the policy, such as: how those infected can apply and from when; how long claims will take to be processed; when successful
1184:
The Scheme's Autonomy award is a novel award. Though a direct comparison cannot be drawn, the award levels for the Autonomy award were informed following consideration of similar compensation awards (e.g. Windrush Impact on Life), statutory awards for injury to feelings (Vento guidelines) and
231:
For applicants already registered with an Infected Blood Support Scheme (IBSS), Part 5 of the regulations makes provision for an alternative compensation pathway, the "IBSS route". This allows beneficiaries the option to retain (for their lifetime) any regular support payments which they were
273:
Compensation payments can be claimed by the personal representative of an eligible infected person who is deceased. Under Part 3, section 7 (1), a person is deemed an eligible infected person where paragraph (2), (6), (7) or (8) (of section 7) applies, whether or not that person is deceased.
1340:
The third is the profoundly unethical lack of respect for individual patient autonomy ... One of the consequences of people not being told that tests were being undertaken, quite apart from the affront to their personal autonomy, was that the results of such testing then came out of the
1230:
651:
431:(SLSC). In their Second Report, published 5 September 2024, they draw instrument 2024/872 to the special attention of the House due to the explanatory memorandum being "of poor quality, using overly technical language and lacking basic information about the policy".
490:
financial assistance schemes also known as the "Alliance House Organisations". Each administration has their own scheme, EIBSS (England), WIBSS (Wales), SIBSS (Scotland) and IBPS NI (Northern Ireland). Each support scheme also administers the interim compensation
1247:
The autonomy award is intended as a novel award to reflect the lack of consent for treatment, the failure to inform patients of the risks, the distress of having these diseases and the impact on family and social life, including the loss of the chance to have
1050:
1091:
Where an infected person is deceased: an award for past financial loss (i.e. from the point of infection to death) is paid to the estate of the infected person... We have therefore added past care award values which reflect commercial rates deducted
398:
which frequently mentions interference in the autonomy of the infected through lack of informed consent or informed choice around the time just prior to infection. It was also borne out of the work of the Infected Blood Inquiry which identified,
182:
and will expand the scope to cover eligible affected applicants. The next tranche will also deal with legislating for the supplementary route in relation to the claims of the infected and affected communities, depending on their circumstances.
919:, 3 (EWHC 2010) ("For many years, however, successive governments have provided funds on an ex gratia basis for distribution via three special purpose mechanisms: the Macfarlane Trust, the Eileen Trust and the Skipton Fund.").
307:
Sadly much of the compensation will be awarded in respect of people who have already died because of their infection. I was told that there has been considerable anxiety about the difficulties arising out of making awards to their
1201:
622:
963:
1067:
In addition to anticipated loss of earnings, a flat rate of £12,500 will be paid to all infected people (or their estate) to cover miscellaneous expenses including travel to appointments, extra cost of insurance
638:...the second phase of regulations will be laid to adapt the 'core' route for the affected community, as well as create an infected and affected 'supplementary' route where claimants can personalise their claim.
946:
point, from 1 April 2025, people who receive IBSS payments will continue to receive payments until such time that their case is assessed under the new Scheme by the Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA).
1104:
723:
Compensation will be payable through a lump sum or series of regular payments (instalments) over 5, 10 or 25 years ... Compensation received through instalments will be uplifted each year in line with CPI.
695:
The Scheme proposal has been designed using a tariff-based framework. This framework approach was recommended by Sir Robert Francis' Compensation Framework Study and the Inquiry's Second Interim Report.
707:
361:
referred to as a novel award. It is intended to afford an element of compensation for the distress suffered as a result of interference with the personal autonomy and private life of the infected.
1122:
national insurance and other costs will not have been paid. As noted by the Compensation Study paragraph 9.63 the discount of 25% that we have applied to is consistent with court practice.
1545:
1506:
That the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024, (SI, 2024, No. 872), dated 22 August 2024, a copy of which was laid before this House on 23 August, be approved.
570:
The Cabinet Office published a lengthy policy paper on Friday detailing the tariff-based scheme and laid secondary legislation setting out the criteria for the first payouts.
367:"It was unethical and wrong that people were not told that they were being tested for HIV or for hepatitis. The failure to tell them was a denial of their personal autonomy."
1357:
419:
released today and awaiting further detail, but remain concerned by the disparities in proposed compensation for people who were given hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV."
1555:
1083:
675:
349:
Under Part 4, section 8, (4), the overall estate award must be taken as a lump sum since the periodic payment option is only available to living infected applicants.
1019:
319:
The evidential burden falls on the applicant and the legal standard of proof in relation to any decision under the regulations is the balance of probabilities.
265:
As with the core route, the compensation awards under paragraph 5 can be taken as periodic payments spread over prescribed terms of either 5, 10 or 25 years.
164:
454:
The committee went as far as to express concern over whether the Cabinet Office was "withholding information on the impact and cost of the Regulations".
1231:"Infected Blood Compensation Authority - Recommendations of Sir Robert Francis KC to the Government on the proposals for a compensation scheme (HTML)"
910:
736:
1405:
428:
766:
541:
Today, the Government has laid regulations to establish the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme, as required by the Victims and Prisoners Act 2024.
281:
claim, the personal representative must provide documented evidence that under the law amounts to sufficient proof in the form of the following:
1164:
820:
1299:
855:
461:
and requires positive approval of Parliament by 23 October 2024. The government tabled a motion to approve the instrument on 3 September 2024.
44:
1382:
overall." ... The Hepatitis C Trust has raised concerns over the disparities in proposed compensation for sufferers of different diseases.
525:
1185:
previous cases in which the courts have considered it appropriate to increase the award of damages due to the level of distress caused.
477:
Part 3 of the Victims and Prisoners Act 2024 establishes a body corporate called the Infected Blood Compensation Authority, "the IBCA".
1540:
989:
63:
163:(SI) that was laid before Parliament on 23 August 2024 to make provision for a compensation payment scheme for victims of the
142:
168:
128:
1397:
500:
Historically, the Infected Blood Support Schemes have provided support to people registered with the various schemes on an
232:
receiving under the IBSS entities and from 31 March 2025, these payments will undergo a status change from the historical
196:
uprating as a way of offsetting any disadvantage caused by choosing to take the compensation as periodic payments.
1489:
929:
427:
The regulations and accompanying explanatory memorandum have been criticised by the House of Lords select committee, the
1550:
1035:
We still have concerns that the compensation does not fully capture the full extent of injury and loss for some people.
1461:
458:
401:
291:
179:
160:
593:
1320:
1260:
1432:
650:
Nick Thomas-Symonds, The Paymaster General and Minister for the Cabinet Office (2 September 2024).
450:
further detail on impact, particularly, the budgeted aggregate amount and number of potential applicants
415:
193:
59:
1294:
916:
850:
242:
Under the IBSS route, the IBCA can make the following awards according to Part 5, paragraph 23:
146:
175:
blood products or tissue known to be capable of transmitting HIV, hepatitis C, or hepatitis B".
1365:
1202:"Compensation and Redress for the Victims of Infected Blood - Recommendations for a Framework"
103:
1523:
389:
the impact on that person of attacks on that person's home as a consequence of the infection
199:
Part 4, Chapter 2, makes provision for the following series of awards under the core route:
1289:
1134:
883:
845:
1449:
be published ahead of the budget. The House may wish to pursue the issue of costs further.
1020:"Government lays Detailed Regulations on Core Route of Infected Blood Compensation Scheme"
358:
75:
794:
1534:
964:"Infected Blood Compensation Scheme overview: Estates of a deceased infected person"
49:
782:
The Government has also confirmed financial loss and care cost compensation awards.
594:"Explanatory Memorandum to the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024"
554:
278:
1358:"Victims of UK's infected blood scandal to start receiving payouts by end of year"
767:"Ministers give compensation authority the power to make infected blood payments"
737:"Ministers give compensation authority the power to make infected blood payments"
394:
The background of this category of claim emanates from the Sir Robert Francis KC
753:
account how infected blood may have affected patients' private and family life.
326:
Under the core route, the representative of an estate can claim the following:
663:
payments to affected individuals and for claims under the supplementary route.
339:
Past financial loss award (calculated from date of infection to date of death)
1369:
623:"Government Update on the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme: 16 August 2024"
145:
as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from
234:
660:. Vol. 753. Parliament of the United Kingdom: Commons. col. 77.
1290:"The Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024: Section 16"
846:"The Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024: Section 22"
414:
impact of the financial loss and injury suffered by certain victims. The
298:
656:
286:
708:"Infected Blood Compensation Scheme overview: Living infected persons"
261:
Support scheme top-up award, if required (determined by regulation 27)
930:"Information about the Infected Blood Compensation Authority (IBCA)"
526:"Establishing the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme in Regulations"
438:
the application process for the infected including commencement date
212:
Basic financial loss award for eligible infected persons (under ¶17)
1431:
Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee (5 September 2024). "49".
333:
Social impact award (depending on infection and severity level)
330:
Injury impact award (depending on infection and severity level)
143:
Text of the Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024
555:"Infected blood authority can now pay patients, minister says"
342:
Basic financial loss award (flat-rate for miscellaneous costs)
192:
periods of either 5, 10 or 25 years. This option will attract
434:
The SLSC focused on five aspects all lacking further detail:
239:
used to fund the regular support payments from 1 April 2025.
486:
Infected Blood Support Schemes (IBSS) replaced the previous
444:
when awards will be paid for claims which have been approved
1105:"Infected Blood Inquiry Response Expert Group Final Report"
1084:"Infected Blood Compensation Scheme - Engagement Explainer"
676:"Infected Blood Compensation Scheme - Engagement Explainer"
178:
A second phase of regulations will be made to enhance this
990:"Statement from Sir Robert Francis on his recommendations"
345:
Past care award (at the current commercial rate minus 25%)
336:
Autonomy award (depending on infection and severity level)
884:"The Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024"
821:"Infected Blood Support Schemes | Infected Blood Inquiry"
378:
The regulations, at 16 (1), cite three specific examples:
1111:. Infected Blood Compensation Authority. 16 August 2024
996:. Infected Blood Compensation Authority. 16 August 2024
1089:. Cabinet Office – via The Haemophilia Society.
16:
Regulations to establish a compensation payment scheme
297:
Confirmation of being the eligible infected person's
1477:
Scheduled for 23 October 2024: Approval period ends.
441:
the length of time applications will take to process
157:
Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024
141:
134:
124:
119:
102:
94:
86:
81:
69:
55:
43:
25:
Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Regulations 2024
1438:(Report). House of Lords. p. 12. HL Paper 4
373:—The Report, Infected Blood Inquiry, 20 May 2024
364:
304:
215:Additional financial loss award (under ¶18-20)
383:the loss of marriage or partnership prospects
8:
1165:"Papers for Meeting with Sir Robert Francis"
1051:"Infected Blood Compensation Scheme Summary"
386:the loss of the opportunity to have children
24:
1546:Statutory instruments of the United Kingdom
1490:"Order Paper for Tuesday 03 September 2024"
1302:, 23 August 2024, SI 2024/872 (s. 16)
1174:. Cabinet Office. 18 June 2024. p. 13
858:, 23 August 2024, SI 2024/872 (s. 22)
23:
911:R (March) v Secretary of State for Health
294:for the eligible infected person's estate
1406:Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee
429:Secondary Legislation Scrutiny Committee
1556:Contaminated haemophilia blood products
890:. 23 August 2024. 2024 No. 872 (Part 5)
517:
470:
314:—Sir Robert Francis KC, 16 August 2024
1392:
1390:
1356:Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (24 August 2024).
1351:
1349:
1211:. pp. 35–36. Recommendations 7-8
1200:Francis, KC, Sir Robert (June 2022).
1195:
1193:
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1045:
1043:
1013:
1011:
958:
956:
954:
878:
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872:
553:Mackintosh, Thomas (24 August 2024).
223:compensation award under this route.
7:
1135:"Compensation payments – core route"
652:"Infected Blood Compensation Scheme"
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
578:
447:how applications will be adjudicated
1330:. 20 May 2024. p. 84. HC 569-I
1466:statutoryinstruments.parliament.uk
14:
1018:Courtney, Jeff (23 August 2024).
1152:fixed term of 5, 10 or 25 years.
795:"Victims and Prisoners Act 2024"
765:Durrant, Will (24 August 2024).
735:Durrant, Will (24 August 2024).
35:
825:www.infectedbloodinquiry.org.uk
657:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
457:SI 2024/872 was subject to the
396:Recommendations for a Framework
357:The scheme introduces what the
206:Social impact award (under ¶15)
203:Injury impact award (under ¶14)
64:Minister for the Cabinet Office
1408:. 5 September 2024. HL Paper 4
169:Victims and Prisoners Act 2024
129:Victims and Prisoners Act 2024
1:
1494:commonsbusiness.parliament.uk
1462:"Timeline - Made affirmative"
1433:2nd Report of Session 2024–25
167:scandal as stipulated in the
1209:infectedbloodinquiry.org.uk
685:. Cabinet Office. June 2024
277:For the IBCA to process an
136:Status: Current legislation
1572:
1402:publications.parliament.uk
459:made affirmative procedure
209:Autonomy award (under ¶16)
21:United Kingdom legislation
1541:Law of the United Kingdom
292:Letters of administration
255:Past financial loss award
34:
29:
1328:infectedbloodinquiry.org
1268:infectedbloodinquiry.org
1141:. 23 August 2024. Part 4
108:23 August 2024
71:Territorial extent
1321:"The Report - Volume 1"
1270:. 20 May 2024. HC 569-I
1261:"The Report - Volume 1"
1024:The Haemophilia Society
370:
311:
218:Care award (under ¶21)
95:Laid before Parliament
1300:The National Archives
856:The National Archives
801:. 24 May 2024. Part 3
943:– via NHSBSA.
423:Legislative scrutiny
180:statutory instrument
161:statutory instrument
30:Statutory Instrument
1551:2024 in British law
249:Social impact award
246:Injury impact award
159:(SI 2024/872) is a
60:Nick Thomas-Symonds
26:
1496:. 3 September 2024
1295:legislation.gov.uk
1139:legislation.gov.uk
888:legislation.gov.uk
851:legislation.gov.uk
799:legislation.gov.uk
683:haemophilia.org.uk
601:legislation.gov.uk
147:legislation.gov.uk
934:www.nhsbsa.nhs.uk
416:Hepatitis C Trust
269:Awards to estates
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120:Other legislation
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98:23 August 2024
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50:SI 2024/872
1535:Categories
512:References
402:inter alia
227:IBSS route
187:Core route
125:Made under
112:2024-08-23
1375:30 August
1370:0029-7712
1248:children.
1029:30 August
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502:ex gratia
491:payments.
488:ex gratia
409:Reception
235:ex gratia
559:BBC News
308:estates.
299:executor
45:Citation
110: (
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1235:GOV.UK
1109:GOV.UK
1092:25%...
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279:estate
1436:(PDF)
1341:blue.
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597:(PDF)
465:Notes
82:Dates
1502:2024
1473:2024
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1377:2024
1366:ISSN
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285:The
155:The
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194:CPI
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