336:
306:
1460:
whether the person is already carrying the virus dormant. Periodically, the virus can reactivate, during which time the person is again infectious, but usually without any symptoms of illness. Usually, a person with IM has few, if any, further symptoms or problems from the latent B lymphocyte infection. However, in susceptible hosts under the appropriate environmental stressors, the virus can reactivate and cause vague physical symptoms (or may be subclinical), and during this phase, the virus can spread to others.
879:
887:
297:, people are more often infected in early childhood when there are fewer symptoms. In those between 16 and 20 it is the cause of about 8% of sore throats. About 45 out of 100,000 people develop infectious mono each year in the United States. Nearly 95% of people have had an EBV infection by the time they are adults. The disease occurs equally at all times of the year. Mononucleosis was first described in the 1920s and is colloquially known as "the kissing disease".
871:
328:
1510:, entitled "Mononuclear leukocytosis in reaction to acute infection (infectious mononucleosis)". A lab test for infectious mononucleosis was developed in 1931 by Yale School of Public Health Professor John Rodman Paul and Walls Willard Bunnell based on their discovery of heterophile antibodies in the sera of persons with the disease. The Paul-Bunnell Test or PBT was later replaced by the
56:
314:
4397:
706:. Approximately 90% of the human population has been infected with cytomegalovirus by the time they reach adulthood, but most are unaware of the infection. Once a person becomes infected with cytomegalovirus, the virus stays in their body throughout the person's lifetime. During this latent phase, the virus can be detected only in
1459:
Once the acute symptoms of an initial infection disappear, they often do not return. But once infected, the person carries the virus for the rest of their life. The virus typically lives dormant in B lymphocytes. Independent infections of mononucleosis may be contracted multiple times, regardless of
669:
by direct contact with infected body fluids. Cytomegalovirus is most commonly transmitted through kissing and sexual intercourse. It can also be transferred from an infected mother to her unborn child. This virus is often "silent" because the signs and symptoms cannot be felt by the person infected.
918:
are the most useful to suspect a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. On the other hand, the absence of swollen cervical lymph nodes and fatigue are the most useful to dismiss the idea of infectious mononucleosis as the correct diagnosis. The insensitivity of the physical examination in detecting
562:
Infectious mononucleosis mainly affects younger adults. When older adults do catch the disease, they less often have characteristic signs and symptoms such as the sore throat and lymphadenopathy. Instead, they may primarily experience prolonged fever, fatigue, malaise and body pains. They are more
1033:
When negative, these tests are more accurate than the heterophile antibody test in ruling out infectious mononucleosis. When positive, they feature similar specificity to the heterophile antibody test. Therefore, these tests are useful for diagnosing infectious mononucleosis in people with highly
1303:
to get insight into the enlargement of a person's spleen. However, because spleen size varies greatly, ultrasonography is not a valid technique for assessing spleen enlargement and should not be used in typical circumstances or to make routine decisions about fitness for playing sports.
251:. Spread may occur by objects such as drinking glasses or toothbrushes or through a cough or sneeze. Those who are infected can spread the disease weeks before symptoms develop. Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific
1261:. Although antivirals are not recommended for people with simple infectious mononucleosis, they may be useful (in conjunction with steroids) in the management of severe EBV manifestations, such as EBV meningitis, peripheral neuritis, hepatitis, or hematologic complications.
1175:, so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used. The need for rest and return to usual activities after the acute phase of the infection may reasonably be based on the person's general energy levels. Nevertheless, in an effort to decrease the risk of
579:
is unclear. A review of the literature made an estimate of 33ā49 days. In adolescents and young adults, symptoms are thought to appear around 4ā6 weeks after initial infection. Onset is often gradual, though it can be abrupt. The main symptoms may be
764:
is unclear, but the chances of passing the illness to someone else may be the highest during the first six weeks following infection. Some studies indicate that a person can spread the infection for many months, possibly up to a year and a half.
1101:
infections. Because their management is much the same, it is not always helpfulāor possibleāto distinguish between
EpsteināBarr-virus mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus infection. However, in pregnant women, differentiation of mononucleosis from
4440:
4425:
274:. Infection can be prevented by not sharing personal items or saliva with an infected person. Mono generally improves without any specific treatment. Symptoms may be reduced by drinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest, and taking
623:, such as through kissing or sharing toothbrushes. About 95% of the population has been exposed to this virus by the age of 40, but only 15ā20% of teenagers and about 40% of exposed adults actually develop infectious mononucleosis.
2651:
Richardson M, Elliman, D, Maguire, H, Simpson, J, Nicoll, A (April 2001). "Evidence base of incubation periods, periods of infectiousness and exclusion policies for the control of communicable diseases in schools and preschools".
1012:
Anti-EA IgG appears in the acute phase of illness and disappears after 3 to 6 months. It is associated with having an active infection. Yet, 20% of people may have antibodies against EA for years despite having no other sign of
2171:
1090:
About 10% of people who present a clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis do not have an acute
EpsteināBarr-virus infection. A differential diagnosis of acute infectious mononucleosis needs to take into consideration
1544:
Yale School of Public Health epidemiologist Alfred E. Evans confirmed through testing that mononucleosis was transmitted mainly through kissing, leading to it being referred to colloquially as "the kissing disease".
547:
2299:
Johannsen EC, Kaye, KM (2009). "Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis, Epstein-Barr virus-associated malignant disease, and other diseases)". In
Mandell, GL, Bennett, JE, Dolin, R (eds.).
998:
Anti-VCA IgG appears in the acute phase of EBV infection, reaches a maximum at 2 to 4 weeks after onset of symptoms and thereafter declines slightly and persists for the rest of a personās life.
3674:
Putukian M, O'Connor FG, Stricker P, McGrew C, Hosey RG, Gordon SM, Kinderknecht J, Kriss V, Landry G (Jul 2008). "Mononucleosis and athletic participation: an evidence-based subject review".
949:
rate of as high as 25% in the first week, 5ā10% in the second, and 5% in the third). About 90% of diagnosed people have heterophile antibodies by week 3, disappearing in under a year. The
5145:
5568:
1537:, after a laboratory technician handling the virus contracted the disease: comparison of serum samples collected from the technician before and after the onset revealed development of
1474:
The characteristic symptomatology of infectious mononucleosis does not appear to have been reported until the late nineteenth century. In 1885, the renowned
Russian pediatrician
3658:
4232:
Sprunt TPV, Evans FA. Mononuclear leukocytosis in reaction to acute infection (infectious mononucleosis). Bulletin of the Johns
Hopkins Hospital. Baltimore, 1920;31:410-417.
619:
throughout the world. Contrary to common belief, the
EpsteināBarr virus is not highly contagious. It can only be contracted through direct contact with an infected person's
1422:
941:
The heterophile antibody test, or monospot test, works by agglutination of red blood cells from guinea pigs, sheep and horses. This test is specific but not particularly
4568:
2124:
Cohen JI (2008). "Epstein-Barr
Infections, Including Infectious Mononucleosis". In Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J (eds.).
1504:
The term "infectious mononucleosis" was coined in 1920 by Thomas Peck Sprunt and Frank
Alexander Evans in a classic clinical description of the disease published in the
1257:
although they may reduce initial viral shedding. Antivirals are expensive, risk causing resistance to antiviral agents, and (in 1% to 10% of cases) can cause unpleasant
1882:
Ebell MH, Call M, Shinholser J, Gardner J (12 April 2016). "Does This
Patient Have Infectious Mononucleosis?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review".
5159:
5578:
5573:
4495:
4825:
961:
4656:
4696:
1417:
199:(EBV). Most people are infected by the virus as children, when the disease produces few or no symptoms. In young adults, the disease often results in
1478:
reported an infectious process he called "idiopathic adenitis" exhibiting symptoms that correspond to infectious mononucleosis, and in 1889 a German
1117:
can mimic signs similar to those of infectious mononucleosis, and tests should be performed for pregnant women for the same reason as toxoplasmosis.
3276:
3545:
Rafailidis PI, Mavros MN, Kapaskelis A, Falagas ME (2010). "Antiviral treatment for severe EBV infections in apparently immunocompetent patients".
4242:
3588:
546:
It generally gets better on its own in people who are otherwise healthy. When caused by EBV, infectious mononucleosis is classified as one of the
1534:
1506:
76:
984:(IgM) mainly reflects a current infection. EBV-targeting antibodies can also be classified according to which part of the virus they bind to:
4561:
3620:
3259:
3067:
2994:
2462:
2335:
2308:
2235:
2204:
2165:
2133:
2069:
2042:
2005:
1782:
1751:
4789:
1207:
2918:
2241:
2011:
3626:
1788:
1757:
4846:
2468:
2341:
2210:
3158:
Chung HJ, Chi HS, Jang S, Park CJ (1 February 2010). "Epstein-Barr Virus
Infection Associated With Bone Marrow Fibrin-Ring Granuloma".
1195:), for at least the first 3ā4 weeks of illness or until enlargement of the spleen has resolved, as determined by a treating physician.
1453:
4401:
1936:
438:) may sometimes last for months. Fatigue lasts more than one month in an estimated 28% of cases. Mild fever, swollen neck glands and
5165:
4691:
4648:
2697:
5080:
3644:
434:
sometimes also occur. Symptoms most often disappear after about 2ā4 weeks. However, fatigue and a general feeling of being unwell (
4360:
3115:
Ruel M, Sevestre H, Henry-Biabaud E, Courouce AM, Capron JP, Erlinger S (December 1992). "Fibrin ring granulomas in hepatitis A".
2957:
1486:, independently reported similar cases (some of lesser severity) that tended to cluster in families, for which he coined the term
919:
an enlarged spleen means it should not be used as evidence against infectious mononucleosis. A physical examination may also show
5151:
4554:
4273:
2153:
1336:
271:
4750:
4736:
4219:
1669:
550:. Occasionally the disease may persist and result in a chronic infection. This may develop into systemic EBV-positive T cell
3431:
3010:
Rosenfield RE, Schmidt PJ, Calvo RC, McGinniss MH (1965). "Anti-i, a frequent cold agglutinin in infectious mononucleosis".
1848:
1624:
1249:
Antiviral agents act by inhibiting viral DNA replication. There is little evidence to support the use of antivirals such as
3275:
Putukian M, O'Connor, FG, Stricker, P, McGrew, C, Hosey, RG, Gordon, SM, Kinderknecht, J, Kriss, V, Landry, G (July 2008).
1959:"A Study of an Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Candidate Vaccine, mRNA-1189, in 12- to 30-Year-Old Healthy Adolescents and Adults"
3584:
2556:
Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM (September 2018). "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update".
2482:
1226:, remains controversial due to the lack of evidence that it is effective and the potential for side effects. Intravenous
4955:
4949:
4860:
4854:
4744:
1976:
1027:
Antibody to EBNA slowly appears 2 to 4 months after the onset of symptoms and persists for the rest of a personās life.
5318:
5244:
5238:
4911:
1354:
942:
855:
256:
4093:"Antiquity of Epstein-Barr virus, Sjƶgren's syndrome, and Hodgkin's disease--historical concordance and discordance"
3451:
Antibiotic Expert Group. Therapeutic guidelines: Antibiotic. 13th ed. North Melbourne: Therapeutic Guidelines; 2006.
335:
504:
eventually develop a generalized, itchy maculopapular rash, which however does not imply that the person will have
3711:
Spielmann AL, DeLong DM, Kliewer MA (Jan 2005). "Sonographic evaluation of spleen size in tall healthy athletes".
3341:
5375:
4982:
1511:
1300:
1121:
936:
836:
305:
4996:
4901:
4731:
4704:
4676:
4609:
4455:
1443:
5583:
4880:
3461:
Torre D, Tambini R, Tambini (1999). "Acyclovir for treatment of infectious mononucleosis: a meta-analysis".
1313:
1172:
843:
632:
226:
While usually caused by the EpsteināBarr virus, also known as human herpesvirus 4, which is a member of the
103:
5074:
4670:
1469:
1285:
749:
604:
598:
196:
131:
5274:
5252:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5012:
4906:
4867:
1533:
in 1964. The link with infectious mononucleosis was uncovered in 1967 by Werner and Gertrude Henle at the
1320:
878:
442:
may also persist beyond 4 weeks. Most people are able to resume their usual activities within 2ā3 months.
4178:
E. Pfeiffer: DrĆ¼senfieber. Jahrbuch fĆ¼r Kinderheilkunde und physische Erziehung, Wien, 1889, 29: 257ā264.
3315:
5259:
4840:
4710:
1530:
1092:
1078:
886:
818:
790:
638:
4681:
4250:
3995:"Compartmentalization and Transmission of Multiple Epstein-Barr Virus Strains in Asymptomatic Carriers"
3580:
1518:
1435:
1431:
5523:
5355:
4990:
4819:
4313:
4042:
Hadinoto V, Shapiro M, Greenough TC, Sullivan JL, Luzuriaga K, Thorley-Lawson DA (February 1, 2008).
3853:
911:
907:
822:
532:
407:
3840:
Handel AE, Williamson AJ, Disanto G, Handunnetthi L, Giovannoni G, Ramagopalan SV (September 2010).
1238:, are not recommended for routine use but may be useful if there is a risk of airway obstruction, a
4941:
4662:
4444:
1340:
1265:
1059:
915:
798:
517:
4192:
2059:
5044:
4800:
3924:
3781:
3748:
Jensen, Hal B (June 2000). "Acute complications of Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis".
3699:
3307:
3140:
3035:
2895:
2677:
2581:
1830:
1501:, but today it usually is used in the sense of infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by EBV.
1344:
1183:
and other heavy physical activity, especially when involving increased abdominal pressure or the
847:
805:
761:
83:
4546:
3612:
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management
3193:
Bravender T (August 2010). "Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and infectious mononucleosis".
2804:"Cytomegalovirus Latency and Reactivation: An Intricate Interplay With the Host Immune Response"
1743:
Mucocutaneous Manifestations of Viral Diseases: An Illustrated Guide to Diagnosis and Management
2914:
2225:
1995:
682:. For those with weak immune systems, cytomegalovirus can cause more serious illnesses such as
5508:
5459:
5440:
5421:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5116:
5021:
4725:
4603:
4506:
4466:
4368:
4341:
4213:
4169:Š. Š¤ŠøŠ»Š°ŃŠ¾Š²: ŠŠµŠŗŃŠøŠø Š¾Š± Š¾ŃŃŃŃŃ
ŠøŠ½ŃŠµŠŗŃŠøŠ¾Š½Š½ŃŃ
Š±Š¾Š»ŠµŠ·Š½ŃŃ
Ń Š“ŠµŃŠµŠ¹ . 2 volumes. Moscow, A. Lang, 1887.
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4114:
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3728:
3691:
3616:
3610:
3562:
3527:
3478:
3405:
3387:
3299:
3255:
3202:
3175:
3132:
3092:
3063:
3027:
2990:
2887:
2835:
2765:
2669:
2633:
2573:
2535:
2458:
2452:
2433:
2379:
2331:
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2231:
2200:
2161:
2129:
2038:
2001:
1899:
1822:
1778:
1772:
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1447:
1184:
1097:
859:
827:
757:
718:
576:
470:
415:
397:
235:
208:
142:
96:
71:
27:
2325:
2194:
2034:
1299:
is a common symptom of infectious mononucleosis and health care providers may consider using
5483:
5193:
4873:
4805:
4686:
4617:
4331:
4321:
4282:
4144:
4104:
4063:
4055:
4014:
4006:
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3955:
3908:
3871:
3861:
3812:
3757:
3720:
3683:
3554:
3517:
3509:
3470:
3395:
3379:
3291:
3167:
3124:
3019:
2879:
2825:
2815:
2755:
2747:
2738:
2661:
2623:
2615:
2565:
2525:
2517:
2371:
2268:
1891:
1814:
1707:
1395:
1366:
1243:
1239:
981:
977:
870:
675:
513:
505:
294:
275:
211:. Most people recover in two to four weeks; however, feeling tired may last for months. The
156:
3842:"An updated meta-analysis of risk of multiple sclerosis following infectious mononucleosis"
2604:"Progress and problems in understanding and managing primary Epstein-Barr virus infections"
1928:
1047:
levels are highly suggestive of infectious mononucleosis, occurring in up to 50% of people.
5407:
5335:
5330:
5312:
5232:
5221:
5092:
5056:
4976:
4762:
4623:
3653:
3649:
2701:
1522:
1401:
1385:
1192:
1176:
1129:
1067:
726:
699:
403:
363:-like symptoms, if any at all. When found, symptoms tend to be similar to those of common
290:
220:
204:
92:
63:
4044:"On the dynamics of acute EBV infection and the pathogenesis of infectious mononucleosis"
2867:
2694:
2359:
4317:
3857:
1567:
1264:
Although antibiotics exert no antiviral action they may be indicated to treat bacterial
4643:
4534:
4068:
4043:
3970:
3943:
3876:
3841:
3817:
3800:
3522:
3497:
3400:
3367:
3246:
Mark H. Beers ... (2006). Beers MH, Porter RS, Jones TV, Kaplan JL, Berkwits M (eds.).
3023:
2961:
2830:
2803:
2760:
2733:
2628:
2603:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1188:
1180:
946:
851:
738:
679:
423:
4336:
4302:"Relation of Burkitt's tumor-associated herpes-ytpe virus to infectious mononucleosis"
4301:
4019:
3994:
2530:
2505:
995:
Anti-VCA IgM appear early after infection, and usually, disappear within 4 to 6 weeks.
5562:
4638:
4633:
4581:
4148:
3761:
3248:
2883:
2665:
2128:(17th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. pp. 380ā91.
2027:
1818:
1483:
1269:
1235:
1114:
1103:
839:
will test negative and differentiate those infections from infectious mononucleosis.
832:
778:
642:
608:
289:
Mononucleosis most commonly affects those between the ages of 15 and 24 years in the
227:
4517:
4449:
4010:
3928:
3785:
3703:
3311:
3144:
3039:
2899:
2585:
1834:
5499:
5349:
5027:
4888:
3899:
Pattle SB, Farrell PJ (November 2006). "The role of Epstein-Barr virus in cancer".
3513:
3383:
3220:
2751:
2681:
1661:
1479:
1411:
1328:
1296:
1273:
1254:
1063:
1044:
903:
874:
Infectious mononucleosis, peripheral smear, high power showing reactive lymphocytes
536:
528:
489:
462:
344:
327:
2569:
1616:
19:"Mononucleosis" redirects here. For excessive monocyte counts more generally, see
4460:
4059:
3866:
3687:
3423:
3366:
Rezk E, Nofal YH, Hamzeh A, Aboujaib MF, AlKheder MA, Al Hammad MF (2015-11-08).
3295:
400: ā usually severe for 3ā5 days, before resolving in the next 7ā10 days.
5539:
5488:
5476:
5471:
5464:
5452:
5447:
5426:
5396:
5298:
5137:
5049:
5032:
4967:
4628:
4501:
2064:
1526:
1475:
1407:
1358:
1281:
1258:
1203:
1156:
1148:
1137:
1125:
809:
782:
662:
612:
497:
450:
446:
384:
372:
368:
364:
320:
279:
160:
20:
4520:
4109:
4092:
3912:
3724:
3084:
2273:
2256:
1958:
1562:
1054:, one diagnostic criterion for infectious mononucleosis is the presence of 50%
953:
involved in the test do not interact with the EpsteināBarr virus or any of its
5389:
5173:
4930:
4529:
4523:
4471:
3558:
3474:
1498:
1350:
1332:
1324:
1277:
1215:
1152:
1133:
1055:
1051:
812:
774:
730:
531:
is common in the second and third weeks, although this may not be apparent on
509:
501:
252:
55:
4372:
3960:
3769:
3391:
3171:
2940:
2820:
2301:
Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious disease
797:
against infected B lymphocytes, resulting in enlarged, atypical lymphocytes (
406: ā mobile; usually located around the back of the neck (posterior
5434:
5415:
5382:
5370:
5364:
5343:
5289:
5217:
5188:
5111:
5103:
5065:
4834:
4813:
4719:
4597:
4589:
4577:
4512:
4434:
3277:"Mononucleosis and athletic participation: an evidence-based subject review"
2945:
1805:
Evans AS (November 1978). "Infectious mononucleosis and related syndromes".
1439:
1391:
1378:
1362:
1250:
1211:
1160:
1143:
Other conditions from which to distinguish infectious mononucleosis include
920:
741:
viruses have also been reported as rare causes of infectious mononucleosis.
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707:
691:
683:
317:
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231:
164:
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4118:
4077:
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is important, since it is associated with significant consequences for the
835:) infections can cause symptoms similar to infectious mononucleosis, but a
313:
4396:
4345:
4156:
3136:
3031:
2891:
2375:
1074:
when they were first discovered, thus the term "mononucleosis" was coined.
725:, is responsible for less than 1% of the infectious mononucleosis cases.
567:. People over 40 years of age are more likely to develop serious illness.
5532:
5179:
4921:
4777:
4326:
4188:
2787:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sourcebook. Health Reference Series Detroit
2619:
2454:
The Causes of Epilepsy: Common and Uncommon Causes in Adults and Children
2424:
Ebell MH (November 2004). "Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis".
1826:
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1144:
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950:
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551:
540:
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466:
431:
419:
348:
260:
5285:
3345:
3254:(18th ed.). Whitehouse Station (NJ): Merck Research Laboratories.
3128:
1427:
1343:. Prior infectious mononucleosis has been linked to the development of
1223:
1120:
People with infectious mononucleosis are sometimes misdiagnosed with a
954:
734:
670:
However, it can cause life-threatening illness in infants, people with
616:
485:
458:
439:
435:
387:
and young adulthood, the disease presents with a characteristic triad:
267:
49:
Glandular fever, Pfeiffer's disease, Filatov's disease, kissing disease
4417:
2521:
760:
of four to seven weeks. The length of time that an individual remains
4894:
4490:
4429:
924:
890:
Splenomegaly due to mononucleosis resulting in a subcapsular hematoma
882:
Splenomegaly due to mononucleosis resulting in a subcapsular hematoma
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135:
113:
1929:"Epstein-Barr Virus and Infectious Mononucleosis Laboratory Testing"
3339:
National Center for Emergency Medicine Informatics - Mononucleosis
2960:. Lymphangiomatosis & Gorham's disease Alliance. Archived from
5545:
5304:
4936:
4135:
Evans AS (March 1974). "The history of infectious mononucleosis".
1107:
885:
877:
869:
703:
695:
666:
658:
654:
650:
391:
334:
326:
312:
304:
248:
244:
212:
200:
109:
88:
4271:
Miller G (December 21, 2006). "Book Review: EpsteināBarr Virus".
3498:"Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)"
3058:
Longmore M, Ian Wilkinson, Tom Turmezei, Chee Kay Cheung (2007).
2734:"Antiviral agents for infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)"
603:
About 90% of cases of infectious mononucleosis are caused by the
980:(IgG), when positive, mainly reflects a past infection, whereas
481:
4550:
3801:"Symptomatic atrial fibrillation with infectious mononucleosis"
219:
may also become swollen, and in less than one percent of cases
4771:
3643:
American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (24 April 2014),
1977:"New Epstein-Barr virus vaccine trial hailed a success so far"
1034:
suggestive symptoms and a negative heterophile antibody test.
793:). The host immune response involves cytotoxic (CD8-positive)
671:
454:
360:
263:
test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy.
637:
About 5ā7% of cases of infectious mononucleosis is caused by
960:
The monospot test is not recommended for general use by the
665:
and genital secretions. A person becomes infected with this
339:
Maculopapular rash from amoxicillin use during EBV infection
3944:"EpsteināBarr Virus and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis"
3496:
De Paor M, O'Brien K, Fahey T, Smith SM (8 December 2016).
1997:
Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice
465:. In about 50% of cases, small reddish-purple spots called
239:
may also cause the disease. It is primarily spread through
3993:
Sitki-Green D, Covington M, Raab-Traub N (February 2003).
3368:"Steroids for symptom control in infectious mononucleosis"
850:
in which abnormal circulating antibodies directed against
548:
EpsteināBarr virusāassociated lymphoproliferative diseases
520:
have been reported. Seizures may also occasionally occur.
4361:"Alfred S. Evans, 78, Expert On Origins of Mononucleosis"
584:
by 1ā2 weeks of fatigue, feeling unwell and body aches.
535:. Rarely the spleen may rupture. There may also be some
4198:
2704:. MayoClinic.com (2011-11-22). Retrieved on 2013-08-03.
2802:
Forte E, Zhang Z, Thorp EB, Hummel M (31 March 2020).
2695:
Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr: What's the connection?
2000:(8 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1731.
1222:, while used to try to reduce throat pain or enlarged
804:
When the infection is acute (recent onset, instead of
3645:"Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question"
2303:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.
1066:), while the person also has fever, pharyngitis, and
66:
in the neck of a person with infectious mononucleosis
4407:
4243:"Historical Timeline | Yale School of Public Health"
2602:
Odumade OA, Hogquist KA, Balfour HH (January 2011).
842:
Mononucleosis is sometimes accompanied by secondary
445:
The most prominent sign of the disease is often the
359:
Before puberty, the disease typically only produces
5522:
5498:
5406:
5329:
5284:
5273:
5102:
5064:
5043:
5011:
4966:
4920:
4799:
4788:
4761:
4588:
4481:
4411:
2797:
2795:
2058:Stƶppler MC (7 September 2011). Shiel WC Jr (ed.).
480:A small minority of people spontaneously present a
170:
151:
141:
127:
119:
102:
82:
70:
45:
40:
3247:
2026:
1777:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 641.
1423:Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
1316:are uncommon, occurring in less than 5% of cases:
3060:Oxford Handbook of Clinical Medicine, 7th edition
2781:
2779:
331:Rash from using penicillin while infected with IM
155:Drinking enough fluids, getting sufficient rest,
3657:, American Medical Society for Sports Medicine,
2980:
2978:
2808:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
2353:
2351:
2294:
2292:
394: ā usually lasting 14 days; often mild
3091:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
3053:
3051:
3049:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2551:
2549:
2506:"Liver involvement in infectious mononucleosis"
2029:Everything You Need to Know about Mononucleosis
1517:The EpsteināBarr virus was first identified in
1430:associated with the EpsteināBarr virus include
645:. This virus is found in body fluids including
2987:Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Concise Textbook
2597:
2595:
2227:Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
785:, or sore throat), and later primarily within
4562:
3195:Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews
2717:Vol. 2. 4th ed. Detroit: Gale, 2011. Online.
2419:
2417:
2415:
2413:
1696:"JAMA PATIENT PAGE. Infectious Mononucleosis"
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
484:, usually on the arms or trunk, which can be
8:
4137:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
4130:
4128:
3638:
3636:
2451:Shorvon SD, Andermann F, Guerrini R (2011).
2411:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2160:. Horizon Scientific Press. pp. 35ā42.
2154:"Clinical Aspects of Epstein-Barr Infection"
2147:
2145:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
1807:The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
1774:Blood: Principles and Practice of Hematology
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
477:can also occur, but is relatively uncommon.
3502:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
3372:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2739:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2457:. Cambridge University Press. p. 470.
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2087:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1081:may be present in the liver or bone marrow.
351:of infectious mononucleosis vary with age.
5281:
5061:
4826:Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
4796:
4569:
4555:
4547:
4408:
4300:Henle G, Henle W, Diehl V (January 1968).
2985:Ghosh, Amit K., Habermann, Thomas (2007).
2485:. Johns Hopkins Medicine. 19 November 2019
2358:Luzuriaga K, Sullivan, JL (May 27, 2010).
2230:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1760.
2126:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
54:
37:
4697:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
4335:
4325:
4108:
4067:
4018:
3969:
3959:
3875:
3865:
3816:
3799:Aghenta A, Osowo A, Thomas J (May 2008).
3521:
3399:
3250:The Merck manual of diagnosis and therapy
2829:
2819:
2759:
2627:
2529:
2272:
1800:
1798:
1711:
1418:Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome
1288:infection as a diffuse rash may develop.
976:directed against the EpsteināBarr virus.
512:again in the future. Occasional cases of
323:in a person with infectious mononucleosis
309:Main symptoms of infectious mononucleosis
259:of which more than 10% are atypical. The
4194:Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary
4097:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
3062:. Oxford University Press. p. 389.
2654:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
2330:. Horizon Scientific Press. p. 36.
2199:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 79.
1735:
1733:
1731:
1689:
1687:
1214:, may be used to reduce fever and pain.
195:, is an infection usually caused by the
2732:De Paor M, O'Brien K, Smith SM (2016).
2224:Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ (2014).
1554:
615:. It is one of the most commonly found
5569:EpsteināBarr virusāassociated diseases
4211:
3713:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
3615:(2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 125.
3160:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
2193:Cohen J, Powderly WG, Opal SM (2016).
2033:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p.
1994:Marx J, Walls R, Hockberger R (2013).
1771:Handin RI, Lux SE, Stossel TP (2003).
1746:(2 ed.). CRC Press. p. 123.
1507:Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
1171:Infectious mononucleosis is generally
2174:from the original on 24 February 2014
1849:"Mononucleosis - Symptoms and causes"
1070:. The atypical lymphocytes resembled
858:. The cold agglutinin detected is of
563:likely to have liver enlargement and
449:, which is frequently accompanied by
7:
3901:Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
3225:The Lecturio Medical Concept Library
2856:Vol. 2. 3rd ed. Detroit: Gale, 2006.
1381:with the EpsteināBarr virus is rare.
1132:) and are given antibiotics such as
410:) and sometimes throughout the body.
5579:Cytomegalovirus-associated diseases
4847:Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
3609:Tyring S, Moore AY, Lupi O (2016).
2789:: Omnigraphics, Inc., 2009. Online.
2713:Schonbeck, John and Frey, Rebecca.
2364:The New England Journal of Medicine
1740:Tyring S, Moore AY, Lupi O (2016).
1627:from the original on August 8, 2016
1535:Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
1124:(because of the symptoms of fever,
894:The disease is diagnosed based on:
577:time between infection and symptoms
5574:Virus-related cutaneous conditions
4091:Altschuler EL (1 September 1999).
3676:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
3284:Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
3024:10.1111/j.1423-0410.1965.tb01418.x
2854:The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.
2715:The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine.
1939:from the original on 7 August 2016
1672:from the original on 8 August 2016
1454:Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
773:The virus replicates first within
14:
5166:Severe acute respiratory syndrome
4692:Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma
3661:from the original on 29 July 2014
3434:from the original on July 6, 2006
3342:"Mononucleosis (Glandular Fever)"
2510:Journal of Clinical Investigation
2072:from the original on 18 June 2013
2060:"Infectious Mononucleosis (Mono)"
1470:EpsteināBarr virus Ā§ History
1284:are not recommended during acute
461:similar to that seen in cases of
243:but can rarely be spread through
147:Based on symptoms and blood tests
5152:Middle East respiratory syndrome
4395:
4149:10.1097/00000441-197403000-00006
3762:10.1097/00008480-200006000-00016
3629:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2884:10.1097/00006205-199603000-00002
2666:10.1097/00006454-200104000-00004
2471:from the original on 2018-01-04.
2344:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2244:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2213:from the original on 2017-09-11.
2014:from the original on 2017-09-11.
1819:10.1097/00000441-197811000-00010
1791:from the original on 2017-09-11.
1760:from the original on 2017-09-11.
1662:"About Infectious Mononucleosis"
1617:"About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)"
678:recipients, and those with weak
4274:New England Journal of Medicine
4011:10.1128/JVI.77.3.1840-1847.2003
3591:from the original on 2010-09-08
3117:Digestive Diseases and Sciences
2921:from the original on 2016-11-19
2156:. In Robertson, Erle S. (ed.).
1093:acute cytomegalovirus infection
16:Common viral infectious disease
4751:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
4737:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
3514:10.1002/14651858.CD011487.pub2
3384:10.1002/14651858.CD004402.pub3
3083:Stuempfig ND, Seroy J (2023),
2915:"How Long Is Mono Contagious?"
2752:10.1002/14651858.CD011487.pub2
1384:Upper airway obstruction from
1179:, experts advise avoidance of
230:, a few other viruses and the
174:45 per 100,000 per year (U.S.)
1:
3750:Current Opinion in Pediatrics
3585:National Health Service (NHS)
2570:10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020
2255:Weiss LM, O'Malley D (2013).
789:(which are invaded via their
255:. Another typical finding is
4956:Tropical spastic paraparesis
4861:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis
4306:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
4060:10.1182/blood-2007-06-093278
3867:10.1371/journal.pone.0012496
3688:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31817e34f8
3296:10.1097/JSM.0b013e31817e34f8
2852:Carson-DeWitt and Teresa G.
1268:of the throat, such as with
379:Adolescents and young adults
5319:Cytomegalovirus esophagitis
5239:Human parainfluenza viruses
4912:Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 2
4208:. Headword "mononucleosis".
2930:Date reviewed: January 2013
2504:Evans AS (1 January 1948).
988:Viral capsid antigen (VCA):
856:autoimmune hemolytic anemia
270:for EBV; however, there is
257:increased blood lymphocytes
5600:
4218:: CS1 maint: postscript (
4197:, Elsevier, archived from
3913:10.1517/14712598.6.11.1193
3725:10.2214/ajr.184.1.01840045
3424:"Infectious Mononucleosis"
2868:"Infectious mononucleosis"
2483:"Infectious Mononucleosis"
2360:"Infectious mononucleosis"
2274:10.1038/modpathol.2012.176
2257:"Benign lymphadenopathies"
1694:Ebell MH (12 April 2016).
1467:
1365:, and bleeding (caused by
1020:EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA)
964:due to its poor accuracy.
934:
630:
596:
543:occurs only occasionally.
496:. Almost all people given
25:
18:
4983:Cytomegalovirus retinitis
4359:Fountain H (1996-01-25).
3805:Canadian Family Physician
3559:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.07.008
3475:10.1080/00365549950164409
2426:American Family Physician
2267:(Supplement 1): S88āS96.
1512:heterophile antibody test
1361:is positive) and various
1301:abdominal ultrasonography
1122:streptococcal pharyngitis
937:Heterophile antibody test
931:Heterophile antibody test
837:heterophile antibody test
686:and inflammations of the
414:Another major symptom is
134:(EBV) usually spread via
62:
53:
5085:Infectious mononucleosis
4902:Chandipura vesiculovirus
4732:Hepatocellular carcinoma
4677:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
4610:Hepatocellular carcinoma
4535:Infectious mononucleosis
4496:Infectious mononucleosis
4402:Infectious mononucleosis
4110:10.1093/jnci/91.17.1512A
3961:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01902
3172:10.1309/AJCPB7SX7QXASPSK
2913:Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph.
2821:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00130
906:, and swollen posterior
752:infection is spread via
537:enlargement of the liver
181:Infectious mononucleosis
41:Infectious mononucleosis
26:Not to be confused with
4881:Encephalitis lethargica
4582:viral systemic diseases
3948:Frontiers in Immunology
3652:: an initiative of the
3581:"Glandular fever - NHS"
1523:Michael Anthony Epstein
1337:GuillaināBarrĆ© syndrome
1240:very low platelet count
972:Serologic tests detect
844:cold agglutinin disease
641:(CMV), another type of
633:Human betaherpesvirus 5
5253:Human orthopneumovirus
4907:Herpesviral meningitis
4868:Arbovirus encephalitis
4287:10.1056/NEJMbkrev39523
2989:. Informa Healthcare.
2958:"The Lymphatic System"
2872:The Nurse Practitioner
2866:Cozad J (March 1996).
1896:10.1001/jama.2016.2111
1713:10.1001/jama.2016.2474
1442:in general as well as
1323:complications include
1086:Differential diagnosis
891:
883:
875:
854:can lead to a form of
340:
332:
324:
310:
4711:Merkel-cell carcinoma
4247:publichealth.yale.edu
3463:Scand. J. Infect. Dis
2878:(3): 14ā6, 23, 27ā8.
2376:10.1056/NEJMcp1001116
2324:Robertson ES (2005).
1531:University of Bristol
1490:("glandular fever").
1468:Further information:
1386:tonsillar hypertrophy
1079:fibrin ring granuloma
889:
881:
873:
639:human cytomegalovirus
338:
330:
316:
308:
30:(a genetic disorder).
5356:Adenovirus infection
4820:Human polyomavirus 2
4649:Oropharyngeal cancer
4404:at Wikimedia Commons
4327:10.1073/pnas.59.1.94
3430:. January 24, 2006.
3321:on 23 September 2013
2620:10.1128/CMR.00044-10
2608:Clin. Microbiol. Rev
1266:secondary infections
1206:(acetaminophen) and
1060:atypical lymphocytes
916:inguinal lymph nodes
898:Physical examination
575:The exact length of
533:physical examination
408:cervical lymph nodes
282:(acetaminophen) and
205:enlarged lymph nodes
163:(acetaminophen) and
93:enlarged lymph nodes
4942:Post-polio syndrome
4578:Infectious diseases
4318:1968PNAS...59...94H
3999:Journal of Virology
3858:2010PLoSO...512496H
2196:Infectious Diseases
2068:. medicinenet.com.
1965:. 19 November 2023.
1935:. January 7, 2014.
1668:. January 7, 2014.
1623:. January 7, 2014.
1341:transverse myelitis
1068:swollen lymph nodes
902:The presence of an
518:erythema multiforme
469:can be seen on the
64:Swollen lymph nodes
5075:EpsteināBarr virus
5045:Respiratory system
4682:Burkitt's lymphoma
4482:External resources
4365:The New York Times
3129:10.1007/BF01308088
2917:. Kidshealth.org.
2700:2013-06-06 at the
2327:Epstein-Barr Virus
2158:Epstein-Barr Virus
1963:clinicaltrials.gov
1519:Burkitt's lymphoma
1482:and pediatrician,
1436:Hodgkin's lymphoma
1432:Burkitt's lymphoma
1394:disease course of
1345:multiple sclerosis
1286:EpsteināBarr virus
1062:(large, irregular
1058:with at least 10%
1005:Early antigen (EA)
892:
884:
876:
848:autoimmune disease
750:EpsteināBarr virus
607:, a member of the
605:EpsteināBarr virus
599:EpsteināBarr virus
593:EpsteināBarr virus
529:Spleen enlargement
371:, with or without
341:
333:
325:
311:
301:Signs and symptoms
228:herpesvirus family
197:EpsteināBarr virus
132:EpsteināBarr virus
77:Infectious disease
5556:
5555:
5518:
5517:
5269:
5268:
5200:Influenza virus A
5117:Human coronavirus
5007:
5006:
4997:Herpes of the eye
4544:
4543:
4400:Media related to
4281:(25): 2708ā2709.
3942:Marsh RA (2017).
3622:978-1-4200-7313-3
3261:978-0-911910-18-6
3201:(2): 251ā64, ix.
3123:(12): 1915ā1917.
3069:978-0-19-856837-7
2996:978-1-4200-6749-1
2522:10.1172/JCI101913
2464:978-1-139-49578-3
2370:(21): 1993ā2000.
2337:978-1-904455-03-5
2310:978-0-443-06839-3
2237:978-1-4557-4801-3
2206:978-0-7020-6338-1
2167:978-1-904455-03-5
2152:Cohen JI (2005).
2135:978-0-07-146633-2
2044:978-0-8239-2550-6
2007:978-1-4557-4987-4
1983:. 15 August 2023.
1784:978-0-7817-1993-3
1753:978-1-4200-7313-3
1563:Filatov's disease
1448:gastric carcinoma
1396:immunocompromised
1185:Valsalva maneuver
1098:Toxoplasma gondii
1043:Elevated hepatic
828:Toxoplasma gondii
758:incubation period
719:Toxoplasma gondii
571:Incubation period
506:adverse reactions
471:roof of the mouth
365:throat infections
236:Toxoplasma gondii
207:in the neck, and
191:), also known as
178:
177:
143:Diagnostic method
35:Medical condition
28:Pfeiffer syndrome
5591:
5282:
5277:digestive system
5194:Orthomyxoviridae
5160:SARS coronavirus
5146:MERS coronavirus
5062:
4874:Orthomyxoviridae
4797:
4763:Immune disorders
4687:Hodgkin lymphoma
4663:Kaposi's sarcoma
4571:
4564:
4557:
4548:
4409:
4399:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4339:
4329:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4249:. Archived from
4239:
4233:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4209:
4207:
4206:
4185:
4179:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4132:
4123:
4122:
4112:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4071:
4054:(3): 1420ā1427.
4039:
4033:
4032:
4022:
4005:(3): 1840ā1847.
3990:
3984:
3983:
3973:
3963:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3907:(11): 1193ā205.
3896:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3869:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3745:
3739:
3736:
3707:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3640:
3631:
3630:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3542:
3536:
3535:
3525:
3508:(12): CD011487.
3493:
3487:
3486:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3403:
3378:(11): CD004402.
3363:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3344:. Archived from
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3320:
3314:. Archived from
3281:
3272:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3055:
3044:
3043:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2954:
2948:
2937:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2863:
2857:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2799:
2790:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2746:(12): CD011487.
2729:
2718:
2711:
2705:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2533:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2421:
2388:
2387:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2261:Modern Pathology
2252:
2246:
2245:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2121:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2032:
2025:Smart P (1998).
2022:
2016:
2015:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1925:
1908:
1907:
1879:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1802:
1793:
1792:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1737:
1726:
1725:
1715:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1658:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1613:
1570:
1559:
1398:people are rare.
1367:thrombocytopenia
1355:Hemolytic anemia
1244:hemolytic anemia
982:immunoglobulin M
978:Immunoglobulin G
775:epithelial cells
514:erythema nodosum
451:enlarged tonsils
422:are common, and
295:developing world
276:pain medications
272:ongoing research
157:pain medications
108:Swelling of the
58:
38:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5588:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5514:
5494:
5402:
5376:Gastroenteritis
5334:
5331:Gastroenteritis
5325:
5313:Cytomegalovirus
5276:
5265:
5233:Paramyxoviridae
5222:Avian influenza
5098:
5093:Cytomegalovirus
5057:viral pneumonia
5055:
5052:nasopharyngitis
5051:
5048:
5039:
5003:
4977:Cytomegalovirus
4962:
4916:
4804:
4791:
4784:
4757:
4624:Cervical cancer
4584:
4575:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4477:
4476:
4420:
4392:
4387:
4386:
4377:
4375:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4256:
4254:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4134:
4133:
4126:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4041:
4040:
4036:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3710:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3654:ABIM Foundation
3650:Choosing Wisely
3642:
3641:
3634:
3623:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3594:
3592:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3544:
3543:
3539:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3437:
3435:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3351:
3349:
3340:
3338:
3334:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3262:
3245:
3244:
3240:
3230:
3228:
3227:. 4 August 2020
3221:"Mononucleosis"
3219:
3218:
3214:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3101:
3099:
3085:"Monospot Test"
3082:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3057:
3056:
3047:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2851:
2847:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2785:Larsen, Laura.
2784:
2777:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2708:
2702:Wayback Machine
2693:
2689:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2558:Human Pathology
2555:
2554:
2547:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2465:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2423:
2422:
2391:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2338:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2290:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2238:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2207:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2085:
2075:
2073:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2008:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1927:
1926:
1911:
1881:
1880:
1867:
1857:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1785:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1754:
1739:
1738:
1729:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1660:
1659:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1615:
1614:
1573:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1472:
1466:
1402:Splenic rupture
1310:
1294:
1228:corticosteroids
1201:
1193:weight training
1177:splenic rupture
1169:
1088:
1040:
970:
939:
933:
904:enlarged spleen
900:
868:
852:red blood cells
819:Cytomegalovirus
771:
769:Pathophysiology
747:
727:Viral hepatitis
716:
700:large intestine
635:
629:
627:Cytomegalovirus
601:
595:
590:
573:
560:
526:
424:abdominal pains
381:
357:
303:
291:developed world
221:splenic rupture
203:, sore throat,
193:glandular fever
91:, sore throat,
36:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5597:
5595:
5587:
5586:
5584:Medical triads
5581:
5576:
5571:
5561:
5560:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5536:
5528:
5526:
5520:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5504:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5480:
5468:
5456:
5444:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5418:
5412:
5410:
5404:
5403:
5401:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5346:
5340:
5338:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5309:
5308:
5307:
5294:
5292:
5279:
5271:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5264:
5263:
5256:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5227:
5226:
5225:
5224:
5185:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5156:
5155:
5154:
5142:
5141:
5140:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5070:
5068:
5059:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5017:
5015:
5013:Cardiovascular
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
5000:
4999:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4972:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4946:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4926:
4924:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4863:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4837:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4794:
4792:nervous system
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4767:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4741:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4644:Vaginal cancer
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4600:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4542:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4526:
4509:
4498:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4452:
4437:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:Classification
4406:
4405:
4391:
4390:External links
4388:
4385:
4384:
4351:
4292:
4263:
4234:
4225:
4180:
4171:
4162:
4124:
4103:(17): 1512ā3.
4083:
4034:
3985:
3934:
3891:
3832:
3811:(5): 695ā696.
3791:
3756:(3): 263ā268.
3740:
3738:
3737:
3708:
3670:, which cites
3632:
3621:
3601:
3587:. 2010-09-09.
3572:
3547:J. Clin. Virol
3537:
3488:
3453:
3444:
3415:
3358:
3332:
3267:
3260:
3238:
3212:
3185:
3166:(2): 300ā304.
3150:
3107:
3075:
3068:
3045:
3018:(5): 631ā634.
3002:
2995:
2974:
2949:
2932:
2905:
2858:
2845:
2791:
2775:
2719:
2706:
2687:
2643:
2614:(1): 193ā209.
2591:
2545:
2516:(1): 106ā110.
2496:
2474:
2463:
2443:
2432:(7): 1279ā87.
2389:
2347:
2336:
2316:
2309:
2288:
2247:
2236:
2216:
2205:
2185:
2166:
2141:
2134:
2083:
2050:
2043:
2017:
2006:
1986:
1968:
1950:
1909:
1890:(14): 1502ā9.
1865:
1840:
1794:
1783:
1763:
1752:
1727:
1683:
1638:
1571:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1541:to the virus.
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1444:nasopharyngeal
1425:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1399:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1348:
1309:
1306:
1293:
1290:
1232:hydrocortisone
1220:corticosteroid
1200:
1197:
1181:contact sports
1168:
1165:
1140:as treatment.
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1048:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
990:
989:
969:
966:
947:false-negative
935:Main article:
932:
929:
899:
896:
867:
864:
815:are produced.
781:(which causes
770:
767:
746:
743:
739:herpes simplex
721:, a parasitic
715:
712:
680:immune systems
631:Main article:
628:
625:
597:Main article:
594:
591:
589:
586:
572:
569:
559:
556:
525:
522:
412:
411:
404:Swollen glands
401:
395:
380:
377:
356:
353:
302:
299:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
153:
149:
148:
145:
139:
138:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
106:
100:
99:
86:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
60:
59:
51:
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43:
42:
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9:
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5525:
5521:
5511:
5510:
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5505:
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5497:
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5478:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5457:
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5450:
5449:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5405:
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5385:
5384:
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5373:
5372:
5368:
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5363:
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5332:
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5291:
5287:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5272:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5245:Parainfluenza
5243:
5242:
5241:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5229:
5228:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5215:
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5118:
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5107:
5105:
5101:
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5094:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5081:EBV infection
5079:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5053:
5046:
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5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5023:
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4995:
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4992:
4988:
4984:
4981:
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4979:
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4969:
4965:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4947:
4943:
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4938:
4937:Poliomyelitis
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
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4852:
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4823:
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4807:
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4775:
4774:
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4769:
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4766:
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4752:
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4728:
4727:
4723:
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4718:
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4708:
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4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4673:
4672:
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4664:
4661:
4660:
4659:
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4654:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:Vulvar cancer
4637:
4635:
4634:Penile cancer
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4560:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4549:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4487:
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4480:
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4469:
4468:
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4442:
4438:
4436:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4419:
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4394:
4393:
4389:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4343:
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4328:
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4319:
4315:
4312:(1): 94ā101.
4311:
4307:
4303:
4296:
4293:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4267:
4264:
4253:on 2019-06-19
4252:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4215:
4201:on 2014-01-11
4200:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4166:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4150:
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4143:(3): 189ā95.
4142:
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4125:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4087:
4084:
4079:
4075:
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4038:
4035:
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4026:
4021:
4016:
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4008:
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4000:
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3967:
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3852:(9): e12496.
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3806:
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3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3682:(4): 309ā15.
3681:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3646:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3628:
3624:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3602:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3553:(3): 151ā57.
3552:
3548:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
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3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3469:(6): 543ā47.
3468:
3464:
3457:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3362:
3359:
3348:on 2009-05-15
3347:
3343:
3336:
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3317:
3313:
3309:
3305:
3301:
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3290:(4): 309ā15.
3289:
3285:
3278:
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3268:
3263:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3242:
3239:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
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3189:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
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3161:
3154:
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3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3108:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3079:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3061:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:Vox Sanguinis
3006:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2964:on 2010-01-28
2963:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2936:
2933:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2906:
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2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2691:
2688:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2660:(4): 380ā91.
2659:
2655:
2647:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
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2475:
2470:
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2431:
2427:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2410:
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2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
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2396:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2306:
2302:
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2293:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2186:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1813:(3): 325ā39.
1812:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1736:
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1732:
1728:
1723:
1719:
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1671:
1667:
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1618:
1612:
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1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1568:Who Named It?
1565:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:mononucleosis
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:Emil Pfeiffer
1481:
1477:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
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1416:
1413:
1409:
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1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:complications
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:streptococcus
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:dexamethasone
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:self-limiting
1166:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1115:HIV infection
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:toxoplasmosis
1100:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
997:
994:
993:
992:
991:
987:
986:
985:
983:
979:
975:
967:
965:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
905:
897:
895:
888:
880:
872:
865:
863:
862:specificity.
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
838:
834:
833:toxoplasmosis
830:
829:
824:
820:
816:
814:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
766:
763:
759:
756:, and has an
755:
751:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
634:
626:
624:
622:
618:
614:
610:
609:Herpesviridae
606:
600:
592:
587:
585:
583:
578:
570:
568:
566:
557:
555:
553:
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
524:Complications
523:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
416:feeling tired
409:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
389:
388:
386:
378:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
354:
352:
350:
346:
337:
329:
322:
319:
315:
307:
300:
298:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
173:
169:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
105:
104:Complications
101:
98:
95:in the neck,
94:
90:
87:
85:
81:
78:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
39:
33:
29:
22:
5538:
5531:
5507:
5500:Pancreatitis
5482:
5470:
5458:
5446:
5439:
5420:
5395:
5388:
5381:
5369:
5348:
5311:
5297:
5258:
5251:
5237:
5231:
5198:
5192:
5172:
5158:
5144:
5115:
5091:
5084:
5073:
5028:Pericarditis
5020:
4989:
4975:
4948:
4929:
4887:
4872:
4853:
4839:
4818:
4801:Encephalitis
4770:
4743:
4724:
4703:
4669:
4655:
4616:
4602:
4528:
4511:
4500:
4489:
4465:
4454:
4439:
4424:
4376:. Retrieved
4364:
4354:
4309:
4305:
4295:
4278:
4272:
4266:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:the original
4246:
4237:
4228:
4203:, retrieved
4199:the original
4193:
4183:
4174:
4165:
4140:
4136:
4100:
4096:
4086:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4002:
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3988:
3951:
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3937:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3849:
3845:
3835:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3716:
3712:
3679:
3675:
3663:, retrieved
3648:
3611:
3604:
3593:. Retrieved
3575:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3447:
3436:. Retrieved
3427:
3418:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3350:. Retrieved
3346:the original
3335:
3323:. Retrieved
3316:the original
3287:
3283:
3270:
3249:
3241:
3229:. Retrieved
3224:
3215:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3100:, retrieved
3088:
3078:
3059:
3015:
3011:
3005:
2986:
2966:. Retrieved
2962:the original
2952:
2939:
2935:
2923:. Retrieved
2908:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2853:
2848:
2811:
2807:
2786:
2743:
2737:
2714:
2709:
2690:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2611:
2607:
2561:
2557:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2477:
2453:
2446:
2429:
2425:
2367:
2363:
2326:
2319:
2300:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2226:
2219:
2195:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2157:
2125:
2074:. Retrieved
2063:
2053:
2028:
2020:
1996:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1941:. Retrieved
1932:
1887:
1883:
1856:. Retrieved
1852:
1843:
1810:
1806:
1773:
1766:
1742:
1706:(14): 1532.
1703:
1699:
1674:. Retrieved
1665:
1629:. Retrieved
1620:
1561:
1557:
1543:
1516:
1505:
1503:
1497:has several
1494:
1492:
1488:DrĆ¼senfieber
1487:
1480:balneologist
1473:
1458:
1412:pericarditis
1369:) can occur.
1329:encephalitis
1311:
1297:Splenomegaly
1295:
1276:). However,
1274:strep throat
1263:
1259:side effects
1255:valacyclovir
1248:
1202:
1170:
1142:
1119:
1112:
1096:
1089:
1045:transaminase
1032:
971:
959:
940:
901:
893:
841:
826:
817:
803:
799:Downey cells
772:
748:
745:Transmission
717:
714:Other causes
643:herpes virus
636:
602:
574:
561:
558:Older adults
545:
527:
490:morbilliform
479:
463:strep throat
444:
413:
382:
358:
342:
288:
266:There is no
265:
234:
225:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:
32:
5397:Coronavirus
5138:Common cold
5050:acute viral
5033:Myocarditis
4877:(probable)
4629:Anal cancer
4502:MedlinePlus
3719:(1): 45ā9.
2065:MedicineNet
1853:Mayo Clinic
1527:Yvonne Barr
1476:Nil Filatov
1408:Myocarditis
1359:Coombs test
1351:Hematologic
1292:Observation
1282:amoxicillin
1204:Paracetamol
1199:Medications
1157:common cold
1149:tonsillitis
1138:amoxicillin
1126:pharyngitis
1056:lymphocytes
1038:Other tests
810:heterophile
783:pharyngitis
663:breast milk
613:DNA viruses
510:penicillins
498:amoxicillin
447:pharyngitis
398:Sore throat
385:adolescence
373:tonsillitis
369:pharyngitis
321:pharyngitis
280:paracetamol
223:may occur.
161:paracetamol
46:Other names
21:Monocytosis
5563:Categories
5524:Urogenital
5390:Astrovirus
5350:Adenovirus
5174:SARS-CoV-2
4931:Poliovirus
4806:meningitis
4530:Patient UK
4467:DiseasesDB
4378:2019-01-04
4257:2019-01-04
4205:2015-06-28
3595:2010-09-09
3438:2006-07-10
3352:2009-09-11
3102:2023-06-15
3089:StatPearls
2968:2010-02-08
2925:2016-11-19
1858:5 February
1549:References
1539:antibodies
1363:cytopenias
1333:hemiplegia
1325:meningitis
1278:ampicillin
1230:, usually
1216:Prednisone
1210:, such as
1153:diphtheria
1134:ampicillin
1130:adenopathy
1052:blood film
1013:infection.
974:antibodies
951:antibodies
823:adenovirus
813:antibodies
762:contagious
731:adenovirus
676:transplant
611:family of
502:ampicillin
473:. Palatal
440:body aches
253:antibodies
5435:RNA virus
5416:DNA virus
5408:Hepatitis
5383:Norovirus
5371:Rotavirus
5365:RNA virus
5344:DNA virus
5290:Esophagus
5218:Influenza
5104:RNA virus
5066:DNA virus
4835:RNA virus
4814:DNA virus
4720:RNA virus
4598:DNA virus
4590:Oncovirus
4518:emerg/319
4513:eMedicine
4373:0362-4331
3770:1040-8703
3392:1469-493X
3231:11 August
2946:eMedicine
2564:: 18ā41.
1943:10 August
1676:10 August
1521:cells by
1493:The word
1440:lymphomas
1414:are rare.
1392:Fulminant
1379:Hepatitis
1308:Prognosis
1251:aciclovir
1212:ibuprofen
1167:Treatment
1161:influenza
1072:monocytes
943:sensitive
921:petechiae
866:Diagnosis
723:protozoon
708:monocytes
692:esophagus
684:pneumonia
467:petechiae
420:Headaches
318:Exudative
293:. In the
284:ibuprofen
232:protozoon
171:Frequency
165:ibuprofen
152:Treatment
123:2ā4 weeks
72:Specialty
5533:BK virus
5336:diarrhea
5180:COVID-19
4922:Myelitis
4521:med/1499
4214:citation
4189:Elsevier
4119:10469761
4078:17991806
4029:12525618
3980:29358936
3954:: 1902.
3929:36546018
3921:17049016
3886:20824132
3846:PLOS ONE
3827:18474702
3786:20566820
3778:10836164
3733:15615949
3704:23780443
3696:18614881
3659:archived
3627:Archived
3589:Archived
3567:20739216
3532:27933614
3483:10680982
3432:Archived
3410:26558642
3312:23780443
3304:18614881
3207:21047028
3180:20093240
3145:25008261
3097:30969561
3040:30926697
2919:Archived
2900:11827600
2840:32296651
2770:27933614
2698:Archived
2674:11332662
2638:21233512
2586:47010934
2578:29885408
2540:16695521
2469:Archived
2438:15508538
2384:20505178
2342:Archived
2283:23281438
2242:Archived
2211:Archived
2172:Archived
2070:Archived
2012:Archived
1937:Archived
1904:27115266
1835:22970983
1789:Archived
1758:Archived
1722:27115282
1670:Archived
1625:Archived
1404:is rare.
1388:is rare.
1374:jaundice
1357:(direct
1312:Serious
1145:leukemia
968:Serology
955:antigens
945:(with a
912:axillary
908:cervical
582:preceded
565:jaundice
552:lymphoma
541:Jaundice
475:enanthem
432:vomiting
355:Children
349:symptoms
278:such as
261:monospot
159:such as
120:Duration
84:Symptoms
5286:Pharynx
4790:Central
4524:ped/705
4461:D007244
4346:5242134
4314:Bibcode
4157:4363554
4069:2214734
3971:5766650
3877:2931696
3854:Bibcode
3818:2377232
3665:29 July
3523:6463965
3401:7047551
3325:18 June
3137:1473440
3032:5864820
2941:ped/705
2892:8710247
2831:7136410
2814:: 130.
2761:6463965
2682:7700827
2629:3021204
2178:18 June
2076:18 June
1631:Aug 10,
1529:at the
1464:History
1428:Cancers
1224:tonsils
1187:(as in
1163:(flu).
923:in the
806:chronic
795:T cells
787:B cells
779:pharynx
777:in the
735:rubella
617:viruses
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