Knowledge (XXG)

Infinitive

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2655:, using the infinitive, just as in English. In Russian, sentences such as "I want you to leave" do not use an infinitive. Rather, they use the conjunction чтобы "in order to/so that" with the past tense form (most probably remnant of subjunctive) of the verb: 2268:; neverthess in all cases a subordinate clause is the more usual form. For that reason, the present first-person singular conjugation is the dictionary form in Bulgarian, while Macedonian uses the third person singular form of the verb in present tense. 2283:
infinitives, the infinitive absolute (המקור המוחלט) and the infinitive construct (המקור הנטוי or שם הפועל). The infinitive construct is used after prepositions and is inflected with pronominal endings to indicate its subject or object: בכתוב הסופר
1885:
the infinitive has four tenses (present, future, aorist, perfect) and three voices (active, middle, passive). Present and perfect have the same infinitive for both middle and passive, while future and aorist have separate middle and passive forms.
2469:. The third infinitive is technically a noun (denoting the act of performing some verb), so case suffixes identical to those attached to ordinary Finnish nouns allow for other expressions using the third infinitive, e.g., 2095:
I write”. In modern Greek, the infinitive has thus changed form and function and is used mainly in the formation of periphrastic tense forms and not with an article or alone. Instead of the Ancient Greek infinitive system
1502:
has lost the distinction between the infinitive and present forms of verbs, with the exception of the verbs "wees" (to be), which admits the present form "is", and the verb "hê" (to have), whose present form is "het".
2263:
have lost the infinitive altogether except in a handful of frozen expressions where it is the same as the 3rd person singular aorist form. Almost all expressions where an infinitive may be used in Bulgarian are
3485: 2544:
of northwestern Mexico has infinitival forms used in two constructions (with the verb meaning 'want' and with the verb meaning 'be able'). The infinitive is formed by adding a prefix to the stem: either
2643:
Even in languages that have infinitives, similar constructions are sometimes necessary where English would allow the infinitive. For example, in French the sentence "I want you to come" translates to
1846:
Other Romance languages (including Spanish, Romanian, Catalan, and some Italian dialects) allow uninflected infinitives to combine with overt nominative subjects. For example, Spanish
2508:
to the first, and like the long first infinitive, must take a possessive suffix. It has to do with being "about to " and may also imply that the act was cut off or interrupted, e.g.,
465:. As shown in the above examples, the object of the transitive verb "want" and the preposition "for" allude to their respective pronouns' subjective role within the clauses. 1811:
that allow infinitives to take person and number endings. This helps to make infinitive clauses very common in these languages; for example, the English finite clause
2339:; instead, verbs are traditionally cited in the third-person masculine singular of the suffix conjugation (Modern Hebrew past tense), which is the least marked form. 1439:, but is less frequent than in English. German infinitives can form nouns, often expressing abstractions of the action, in which case they are of neuter gender: 2840:
Pragmatic Causation in the Rise of the Romance Prepositional Infinitive: A statistically-based study with special reference to Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian
940:– certain contexts call for one, and certain contexts for the other; they are not normally interchangeable, except in occasional instances like after the verb 2424:
As such, it is inconvenient for dictionary use, because the imperative would be closer to the root word. Nevertheless, dictionaries use the first infinitive.
2353:
The Finnish grammatical tradition includes many non-finite forms that are generally labeled as (numbered) infinitives although many of these are functionally
2922: 2253:, but is more flexible than the other Slavic languages in breaking the infinitive through a clause. The infinitive nevertheless remains the dictionary form. 2512:"you were about to write ". This form is more commonly replaced by the third infinitive in adessive case, usually also with a possessive suffix (thus 279:. Instead, infinitives often originate in earlier inflectional forms of verbal nouns. Unlike finite verbs, infinitives are not usually inflected for 863:(2002) does not use the notion of the "infinitive" ("there is no form in the English verb paradigm called 'the infinitive'"), only that of the 2888: 2863: 406:, the infinitive form of the verb usually goes to the end of its clause, whereas a finite verb (in an independent clause) typically comes in 185: 319:. Some examples of infinitive phrases in English are given below – these may be based on either the full infinitive (introduced by the 2819: 2316:-infinitive, and this is its most frequent use in Modern Hebrew. The infinitive absolute is used for verb focus and emphasis, like in 2790: 2755: 1831:). The Portuguese personal infinitive has no proper tenses, only aspects (imperfect and perfect), but tenses can be expressed using 2915: 1746:(basically removing the ending in "-re"). In Romanian, the infinitive is usually replaced by a clause containing the conjunction 2775: 710:– these are not considered infinitives. Moreover, the unmarked form of the verb is not considered an infinitive when it forms a 205: 3757: 34: 1534:(å laga vs. å kaste). In northern parts of Norway the infinitive suffix is completely lost (å lag’ vs. å kast’) or only the 56:. As with many linguistic concepts, there is not a single definition applicable to all languages. The name is derived from 3575: 742:
the form of the infinitive coincides additionally with that of the past tense and/or past participle, like in the case of
402:
The grammatical structure of an infinitival clause may differ from that of a corresponding finite clause. For example, in
2838: 1726:
and in modern speech are used exclusively as verbal nouns, while there are a few verbs that cannot be converted into the
1538:
is kept (å laga vs. å kast’). The infinitives of these languages are inflected for passive voice through the addition of
3567: 461:, as well as many modern languages. The atypical case regarding the implicit subject of an infinitive is an example of 3788: 3267: 3086: 2983: 2908: 2771: 2520:
Note that all of these must change to reflect vowel harmony, so the fifth infinitive (with a third-person suffix) of
769:
verbs lacking an infinitive form or any truly inflected non-finite form) are complemented by a bare infinitive verb.
2953: 1876: 1377: 1373: 937: 601: 1730:
long infinitive. The "short infinitives" used in verbal contexts (e.g., after an auxiliary verb) have the endings
2714: 1478:, e.g., "Het is niet moeilijk te begrijpen" → "It is not hard to understand." The few verbs with stems ending in 1237: 906: 450: 365: 2324:(literally "a dying he will die"; figuratively, "he shall indeed/surely die"). This usage is commonplace in the 2108:. This form is also invariable. The modern Greek infinitive has only two forms according to voice: for example, 3783: 3677: 3177: 2348: 1522:). In the majority of Eastern Norwegian dialects and a few bordering Western Swedish dialects the reduction to 462: 3489: 2998: 1808: 1795:
Romance languages inherited from Latin the possibility of an overt expression of the subject (as in Italian
1392: 739: 213: 3623: 3450: 3359: 2614: 2157: 1226: 1153: 263:(for example being the subject of a sentence or being a complement of another verb), and sometimes being 3694: 3585: 3580: 3557: 3379: 3374: 3369: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3319: 3112: 2948: 1828: 528: 2776:"Aspecte ale substantivizării în româna actuală. Forme de manifestare a substantivizării adjectivului" 1126:
As a noun phrase, expressing its action or state in an abstract, general way that functions, e.g. as –
3699: 3633: 3465: 3422: 3324: 3187: 3147: 951: 878: 638: 474: 320: 312: 79: 3480: 1764:
Latin infinitives challenged several of the generalizations about infinitives. They did inflect for
3793: 3460: 3107: 2435:
and must have a personal suffix appended to it. It has the general meaning of "in order to , e.g.,
2358: 2260: 2209: 1667: 984: 754: 723: 524: 345: 287:, etc. either, although some degree of inflection sometimes occurs; for example Latin has distinct 276: 201: 157: 129: 1337:
or citation form of a verb. The form listed in a dictionary entry is the bare infinitive, but the
3646: 3613: 3539: 3524: 3509: 3499: 3412: 3407: 3397: 3192: 3122: 3117: 2743: 2336: 2256: 2229: 2201: 520: 482: 396: 316: 284: 395:; this in turn is contained within another infinitival clause, which is contained in the finite 376:. Infinitival clauses may be embedded within each other in complex ways, like in the sentence: 3603: 3529: 3504: 3427: 3292: 3237: 3207: 3167: 2884: 2859: 2786: 2751: 2739: 2558: 2265: 1804: 1789: 1765: 1719: 1615: 1134: 852: 830: 818: 608: 516: 509: 486: 478: 361: 288: 280: 252: 248: 197: 193: 153: 120:
In many other languages the infinitive is a distinct single word, often with a characteristic
1750:
plus the subjunctive mood. The only verb that is modal in common modern Romanian is the verb
3641: 3534: 3514: 3364: 3329: 3247: 3042: 2858:. Studies in Historical Linguistics. Vol. 3. Berne/Oxford: Peter Lang. pp. 73–84. 2688: 2622: 2242: 2193: 2129: 1683: 1663: 1627: 1149: 894: 866: 501:), as with the Latin future infinitives or the English perfect and progressive infinitives. 389: 308: 272: 220: 181: 137: 71: 3549: 3470: 3432: 3417: 3297: 3287: 3202: 3197: 3137: 3003: 2973: 2683: 2634: 2550: 2276: 2177: 2169: 2144:(ти), if not preceded by one; some verbs have a stem ending in a consonant and change the 1699: 1414: 1334: 1071: 856: 813:, when complementing a finite verb, occurs as an infinitive. However, the auxiliary verbs 802: 731: 715: 707: 634: 446: 307:
constructed with the verb in infinitive form. This consists of the verb together with its
75: 53: 2900: 3731: 3689: 3651: 3553: 3282: 3272: 3262: 3157: 3152: 3132: 3127: 3056: 2931: 2668: 2561:. The infinitive shows agreement in number with the controlling subject. Examples are: 2217: 2189: 2137: 1997: 1455: 766: 750: 600:, which have future meaning. For more examples of the above types of construction, see 498: 403: 165: 145: 2883:. Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes. Vol. 71. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 1722:, both short and long-form infinitives exist; the so-called "long infinitives" end in 3777: 3656: 3608: 3475: 3455: 3334: 3252: 3232: 3182: 3162: 3142: 2796: 2541: 2370: 2073: 1882: 1241: 1001: 874:, in infinitival clauses that it uses in imperative and present-subjunctive clauses. 826: 630: 629:
The term "infinitive" is traditionally applied to the unmarked form of the verb (the
624: 505: 458: 407: 515:
English has infinitive constructions that are marked (periphrastically) for aspect:
259:. Such phrases or clauses may play a variety of roles within sentences, often being 3745: 3719: 3709: 3682: 3544: 3277: 3242: 3217: 3172: 2993: 2325: 2080: 1104: 442: 441:
As these examples illustrate, the implicit subject of the infinitive occurs in the
881:
and style writers has been the appropriateness of separating the two words of the
602:
Uses of English verb forms § Perfect and progressive non-finite constructions
2549:(plus a vowel change of certain vowel-initial stems) if the complement clause is 2493:
to the first to form a noun that has the connotation of "the process of ", e.g.,
1429:
endings on a few words based on -l or -r roots ("segeln", "ändern"). The use of
3402: 3212: 3091: 3052: 3017: 3008: 2856:
Prepositional Infinitives in Romance: A Usage-based Approach to Syntactic Change
2693: 2673: 2610: 1832: 1093: 973: 898: 770: 711: 494: 369: 304: 224: 209: 94: 45: 2357:. To form the so-called first infinitive, the strong form of the root (without 1518:
in Danish and some Norwegian dialects (including the written majority language
3762: 3661: 3618: 3595: 3519: 3354: 3257: 3227: 3222: 3076: 2978: 2968: 2958: 1098: 955: 790: 774: 699: 652:, as used in the following sentences, would each be considered an infinitive: 584:
Further constructions can be made with other auxiliary-like expressions, like
490: 232: 121: 57: 2605:
In languages without an infinitive, the infinitive is translated either as a
267:
or other types of modifier. Many verb forms known as infinitives differ from
93:
in a sentence like "I must go there" (but not in "I go there", where it is a
3752: 3714: 3494: 3311: 3066: 3012: 2988: 2024:. Athematic verbs, and perfect actives and aorist passives, add the suffix 1510:
was lost from the infinitive as early as 500–540 AD, reducing the suffix to
1499: 1211: 1082: 244: 2497:" writing". It, too, can be inflected like other Finnish nouns that end in 2385:
assimilation of clusters violating sonority hierarchy if applicable, e.g.,
1519: 1372:
For further detail and examples of the uses of infinitives in English, see
936:-infinitive have a variety of uses in English. The two forms are mostly in 17: 1546:
to the active form. This suffix appeared in Old Norse as a contraction of
3741: 3736: 2116:
for the passive voice (coming from the ancient passive aorist infinitive
2000:
form present active infinitives by adding to the stem the thematic vowel
1807:
inflects for person and number. These, alongside Sardinian, are the only
1431: 778: 607:
Perfect infinitives are also found in other European languages that have
595: 587: 2427:
There are also four other infinitives, plus a "long" form of the first:
1784:, "to have loved"), and allowed for an overt expression of the subject ( 1606:. The other North Germanic languages have the same vowel in both forms. 801:, are similarly complemented by a bare infinitive verb. Infinitives are 3726: 3442: 3047: 2963: 2354: 1070:
As a bare infinitive that comprises a phrase rendered in the vestigial
786: 236: 2450:. It can take the inessive and instructive cases to create forms like 2036:. In the middle and passive, the present middle infinitive ending is 380:
I want to tell you that John Welborn is going to get married to Blair.
3704: 3389: 3081: 3061: 2678: 2651:
being in the subjunctive mood). However, "I want to come" is simply
2328:. In Modern Hebrew it is restricted to high-register literary works. 1594:
in the active voice in Norwegian did not occur in the passive forms (
1395: 1171: 695: 449:
that occurs with a finite verb, e.g., "They ate their dinner." Such
373: 349: 268: 264: 240: 189: 504:
Latin has present, perfect and future infinitives, with active and
1619: 1118: 454: 2715:"Defining non-finites: action nominals, converbs and infinitives" 2581:
is the plural infinitive. Examples of the transitive infinitive:
2476:
A personal suffix can then be added to this form to indicate the
1754:, to be able to. However, in popular speech the infinitive after 947:
The main uses of infinitives (or infinitive phrases) are varied:
3027: 2940: 2292:"after his going". When the infinitive construct is preceded by 1727: 260: 49: 2904: 2617:
the sentence "I want to write a book" is translated as either
2569:
is the singular infinitive of the verb 'go' (singular root is
2461:
to the first infinitive, which alone creates an "agent" form:
1626:(preceded by one of various thematic vowels). For example, in 418:
Following certain verbs or prepositions, infinitives commonly
184:, etc. However, some languages have no infinitive forms. Many 2055: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1987: 1980: 1968: 1961: 1954: 1942: 1935: 1928: 1916: 1909: 251:; thus an infinitive verb phrase also constitutes a complete 1761:
In all Romance languages, infinitives can also form nouns.
1081:
As a bare infinitive that comprises a phrase rendered as a
493:, as with the Latin perfect and passive infinitives, or by 2072:
does not exist in Modern Greek. To see this, consider the
1341:-infinitive is often used when defining other verbs, e.g. 870:, noting that English uses the same form of the verb, the 611:
forms with auxiliaries similarly to English. For example,
368:
of a larger clause or sentence; for example it may form a
2826:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional. 2621:(lit. "I want that I write a book", with a verb in the 2442:
The second infinitive is formed by replacing the final
2104:, a development of the ancient Greek aorist infinitive 2160:
have the infinitive typically ending in, for example,
1646:(which is still identical to the Latin forms), and in 78:
of a verb when used non-finitely, with or without the
2361:
or epenthetic 'e') is used, and these changes occur:
1803:" (or "personal infinitive") found in Portuguese and 1562:) and originally expressed reflexive actions: (hann) 52:
forms existing in many languages, most often used as
2881:
Modality and the Biblical Hebrew Infinitive Absolute
2048:
and most tenses of thematic verbs add an additional
1229:
questions (direct or indirect): "I don't know where
3670: 3632: 3594: 3566: 3441: 3388: 3310: 3100: 3035: 3026: 2939: 2785:(in Romanian), Bucharest: University of Bucharest, 2375:consonant elision takes place if applicable, e.g., 694:The other non-finite verb forms in English are the 414:
Clauses with implicit subject in the objective case
2843:(Ph.D.). University of Cambridge. pp. 153–70. 2557:(and no vowel change) if the complement clause is 1837:"even though you sing/have sung/are going to sing" 1758:is also increasingly replaced by the subjunctive. 1590:in the western dialects. The loss or reduction of 393:that John Welborn is going to get married to Blair 247:), infinitives do not generally have an expressed 1622:, almost all verbs had an infinitive ending with 473:In some languages, infinitives may be marked for 364:. They can play various grammatical roles like a 208:do not have direct equivalents to infinitives or 2312:) "to", it has a similar meaning to the English 1402:, with verbs derived from other words ending in 2640:(subordinate clause with verb in subjunctive). 2629:(lit. "I want the writing of a book", with the 326:) or the bare infinitive (without the particle 271:(verbal nouns) in that they do not inflect for 2783:Aspecte ale dinamicii limbii române actuale II 2601:Translation to languages without an infinitive 1841:"apesar de cantares/teres cantado/ires cantar" 1526:was only partial, leaving some infinitives in 1383:in the article on uses of English verb forms. 1057:c. follows a verb of permission, e.g. "Let me 909:, instead regarding the scope of the particle 223:and other complements and modifiers to form a 2916: 2196:(with a handful ending in -s on the latter), 1181:to express purpose, intent or result, as the 580:(perfect progressive passive, not often used) 170: 8: 2748:A Student's Introduction to English Grammar 2403:'t' weakens to 'd' after diphthongs, e.g., 1196:to characterize and adjective, e.g., "keen 833:) often occur as an infinitive: "I should 523:(continuous), or a combination of the two ( 3032: 2923: 2909: 2901: 231:). Like other non-finite verb forms (like 2457:The third infinitive is formed by adding 1214:, characterizing a noun, e.g. "a request 861:Cambridge Grammar of the English Language 344:Infinitive phrases often have an implied 340:(to) go to the store for a pound of sugar 2659:(literally, "I want so that you left"). 1888: 1011:a. follows a verb of perception such as 2705: 2054:between the ending and the stem, e.g., 1815:would be translated to Portuguese like 1614:The formation of the infinitive in the 1514:. Later it has been further reduced to 1435:with infinitives is similar to English 1034:b. follows a verb of causation such as 901:theories typically do not consider the 2781:, in Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela (ed.), 1602:), except for some dialects that have 1506:In North Germanic languages the final 219:Being a verb, an infinitive may take 214:finite verb forms in ordinary clauses 7: 2098:γράφειν, γράψειν, γράψαι, γεγραφέναι 1790:Latin conjugation § Infinitives 1185:-infinitive can have the meaning of 510:Latin conjugation § Infinitives 469:Marking for tense, aspect and voice 445:case (them, him) in contrast to the 2593:'to look at it/him/her/them' (root 2288:"when the scribe wrote", אחרי לכתו 637:, whether or not introduced by the 615:means "(to) have eaten" in French. 2413:'t' elides if intervocalic, e.g., 2156:(*могть → мочь) "can". Some other 2100:, Modern Greek uses only the form 1366:to stroll without a particular aim 1251:the bare infinitive is used after 216:or various special constructions. 25: 2212:. Lithuanian infinitives end in - 1862:("without my knowing about it"). 1788:, "I see Socrates running"). See 1618:reflects that in their ancestor, 1574:(“ calls himself”). The suffixes 893:here"). For details of this, see 2820:Maurer Júnior, Theodoro Henrique 2245:officially retains infinitives - 1813:in order that you/she/we have... 1333:The infinitive typically is the 913:as an entire verb phrase; thus, 837:finished by now"; "It's thought 527:). These can also be marked for 422:have an implicit subject, e.g., 2824:O infinito flexionado português 2585:'to see it/him/her/them' (root 2331:Note, however, that the Hebrew 531:(as can the plain infinitive): 508:forms of each. For details see 388:is contained within the finite 257:infinitive (infinitival) clause 70:In traditional descriptions of 2647:(lit. "I want that you come", 1776:, to be loved) and for tense ( 877:A matter of controversy among 841:been a burial site"; "Let him 805:by simply preceding them with 360:, are one of several kinds of 74:, the infinitive is the basic 1: 2750:. Cambridge UP. p. 204. 2446:of the first infinitive with 2431:The long first infinitive is 1854:("when I opened my eyes") or 972:In a bare infinitive form as 885:-infinitive (as in "I expect 453:constructions are present in 2528:"he was about to jump", not 2439:"in order for me to write ". 1686:also has reflexive forms in 1662:for the reflexive forms. In 1558:(reflexive pronoun, forming 944:, where either can be used. 932:The bare infinitive and the 574:(perfect progressive active) 384:Here the infinitival clause 2879:Callaham, Scott N. (2010). 2635:Levantine Colloquial Arabic 2489:The fourth infinitive adds 1610:Latin and Romance languages 1189:, e.g. "I closed the door 1027:" or "I can hear the birds 3810: 3758:Syntax–semantics interface 2722:SKY Journal of Linguistics 2504:The fifth infinitive adds 2484:= "The book that I wrote." 2365:the root is suffixed with 2346: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2008: 2006:and the infinitive ending 2002: 1988: 1981: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1943: 1936: 1929: 1917: 1910: 1877:Infinitive (Ancient Greek) 1874: 1835:structures. For instance, 1160:a list" or "To know me is 1092:As complements of certain 938:complementary distribution 622: 578:(to) have been being eaten 538:(plain infinitive, active) 437:would be a disappointment. 352:rather than phrases. Such 2772:Pană Dindelegan, Gabriela 2317: 2293: 2112:for the active voice and 1986: 1915: 1156:: "What you should do is 679:; the form introduced by 451:accusative and infinitive 186:Native American languages 171: 3178:Exceptional case-marking 2713:Ylikoski, Jussi (2003). 2633:or verbal noun), and in 2349:Finnish verb conjugation 1570:(“himself”) > (hann) 1482:have infinitives in -n ( 1458:infinitives also end in 1387:Other Germanic languages 1218:someone" or "the method 1108:(with bare infinitive), 879:prescriptive grammarians 463:exceptional case-marking 348:making them effectively 200:, and some languages in 89:is an infinitive, as is 2645:Je veux que vous veniez 2619:urīdu an aktuba kitāban 2577:'we want to go', where 2335:-infinitive is not the 1839:could be translated to 1809:Indo-European languages 1470:), sometimes used with 1085:utterance, e.g. "Let's 905:-infinitive a distinct 2984:Initial-stress-derived 2627:urīdu kitābata kitābin 2565:'I want to go', where 2158:Balto-Slavic languages 2124:Balto-Slavic languages 2079:“I want to write”. In 1786:video Socratem currere 1702:they typically end in 1698:), while similarly in 1398:of the infinitive was 1154:predicative expression 928:Uses of the infinitive 489:. This may be done by 475:grammatical categories 399:(the whole sentence). 337:(to) write ten letters 3495:Inclusive / Exclusive 2854:Schulte, Kim (2007). 2837:Schulte, Kim (2004). 2657:Я хочу, чтобы вы ушли 1829:null-subject language 1670:, infinitives end in 809:. Of course the verb 572:(to) have been eating 568:(progressive passive) 485:, and to some extent 428:to eat them as dinner 67:meaning "unlimited". 1801:inflected infinitive 1797:vedo Socrate correre 1240:that constitutes an 1050:or "We'll have them 985:modal auxiliary verb 974:an object complement 789:as a substitute for 726:("I suggest that he 562:(progressive active) 554:(to) have been eaten 277:adpositional phrases 212:. Instead, they use 105:, and the form with 97:). The form without 3375:Relative subsective 3268:Regular / Irregular 3113:Andative / Venitive 2949:Abstract / Concrete 2744:Pullum, Geoffrey K. 2510:kirjoittamaisillasi 2482:kirjoittamani kirja 2359:consonant gradation 2136:(ть) preceded by a 2012:, and contracts to 1630:infinitives end in 1586:, which evolved to 1474:similar to English 1266:infinitive is used: 965:coffee but I don't 849:working tomorrow." 845:released"; "I hope 781:as substitutes for 773:items, such as (1) 738:down!"). (For some 667:on the other chair. 566:(to) be being eaten 525:perfect progressive 358:infinitival clauses 346:grammatical subject 295:Phrases and clauses 3789:Syntactic entities 2934:and their features 2932:Lexical categories 2740:Huddleston, Rodney 2613:. For example, in 2286:bikhtōbh hassōphēr 2128:The infinitive in 1866:Hellenic languages 1799:). Moreover, the " 1582:later merged into 1310:, e.g., "Where to 1145:me is to love me." 1023:, e.g. "We saw it 825:(used to form the 817:(used to form the 633:) when it forms a 397:independent clause 354:infinitive clauses 289:active and passive 63:, a derivative of 3771: 3770: 3576:Casally modulated 3481:Formal / Informal 3370:Pure intersective 3320:Anti-intersective 3306: 3305: 3253:Preterite-present 2890:978-3-447-06158-2 2865:978-3-03911-327-9 2638:biddi aktub kitāb 2530:*hyppäämaisillaan 1995: 1994: 1827:(Portuguese is a 1616:Romance languages 1359:intransitive verb 1299:, e.g., "When to 1288:, e.g., "What to 1277:, e.g., "Whom to 1238:sentence fragment 831:continuous aspect 714:: like a present 671:The form without 556:(perfect passive) 497:(with the use of 362:non-finite clause 301:infinitive phrase 253:non-finite clause 229:infinitive phrase 48:term for certain 16:(Redirected from 3801: 3350:Non-intersective 3033: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2902: 2895: 2894: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2816: 2810: 2809: 2808: 2807: 2801: 2795:, archived from 2780: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2736: 2730: 2729: 2719: 2710: 2689:Split infinitive 2623:subjunctive mood 2609:-clause or as a 2575:icalx hamiimcajc 2526:hyppäämäisillään 2514:kirjoittamallasi 2478:agent participle 2454:"while writing". 2319: 2295: 2132:usually ends in 2059: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2046: 2041: 2040: 2035: 2034: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2016: 2011: 2010: 2005: 2004: 1991: 1990: 1984: 1983: 1972: 1971: 1965: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1946: 1945: 1939: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1920: 1919: 1913: 1912: 1889: 1724:-are, -ere, -ire 1421:("sagen"), with 1321:, e.g., "How to 1046:, e.g. "Make it 1000:to complement a 983:to complement a 895:split infinitive 550:(perfect active) 390:dependent clause 174: 173: 54:non-finite verbs 42: 41: 27:Grammatical form 21: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3799: 3798: 3784:Parts of speech 3774: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3666: 3628: 3590: 3562: 3490:Gender-specific 3437: 3384: 3302: 3188:Germanic strong 3096: 3022: 2935: 2929: 2899: 2898: 2891: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2866: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2818: 2817: 2813: 2805: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2778: 2770: 2769: 2765: 2758: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2717: 2712: 2711: 2707: 2702: 2684:Non-finite verb 2665: 2615:Literary Arabic 2603: 2563:icatax ihmiimzo 2538: 2437:kirjoittaakseni 2351: 2345: 2337:dictionary form 2274: 2126: 2068:The infinitive 2066: 2030:instead, e.g., 1879: 1873: 1868: 1612: 1550:(“me”, forming 1389: 1374:Bare infinitive 1354:ambled; ambling 1348: 1335:dictionary form 1193:out any noise." 1074:, e.g. "Let it 1072:permissive mood 1061:you something." 956:dummy auxiliary 930: 917:is parsed like 795:(to) be able to 751:auxiliary verbs 740:irregular verbs 708:past participle 706:form), and the 685:full infinitive 677:bare infinitive 635:non-finite verb 627: 621: 548:(to) have eaten 499:auxiliary verbs 471: 447:nominative case 435:him to fail now 416: 408:second position 297: 194:Asian languages 111:full infinitive 103:bare infinitive 76:dictionary form 39: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3807: 3805: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3776: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3749: 3748: 3734: 3732:Procedure word 3729: 3724: 3723: 3722: 3717: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3690:Complementizer 3687: 3686: 3685: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3600: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3572: 3570: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3560: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3486:Gender-neutral 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3451:Bound variable 3447: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3394: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3316: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3108:Ambitransitive 3104: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3050: 3045: 3039: 3037: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3020: 3015: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2945: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2905: 2897: 2896: 2889: 2871: 2864: 2846: 2829: 2811: 2791: 2763: 2756: 2731: 2704: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2697: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2669:Auxiliary verb 2664: 2661: 2602: 2599: 2537: 2534: 2518: 2517: 2502: 2495:kirjoittaminen 2487: 2486: 2485: 2473:"by writing". 2471:kirjoittamalla 2455: 2440: 2422: 2421: 2411: 2401: 2383: 2373: 2347:Main article: 2344: 2341: 2273: 2270: 2218:Serbo-Croatian 2138:thematic vowel 2125: 2122: 2065: 2062: 1998:Thematic verbs 1993: 1992: 1985: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1966: 1959: 1952: 1948: 1947: 1944:παιδευθήσεσθαι 1940: 1933: 1926: 1922: 1921: 1914: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1875:Main article: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1611: 1608: 1530:and others in 1393:Proto-Germanic 1388: 1385: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363:to walk slowly 1356: 1351: 1346: 1331: 1330: 1329: 1328: 1327: 1326: 1315: 1304: 1293: 1282: 1268: 1267: 1260: 1246: 1245: 1234: 1223: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1205: 1194: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1146: 1141:is human" or " 1137:of a clause: " 1128: 1127: 1124: 1094:fossil phrases 1090: 1079: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1055: 1032: 1006: 1005: 998: 978: 977: 970: 961:, e.g., "I do 929: 926: 765:, etc., which 683:is called the 675:is called the 669: 668: 661: 620: 617: 582: 581: 575: 569: 563: 560:(to) be eating 557: 551: 545: 539: 470: 467: 439: 438: 431: 415: 412: 386:to get married 382: 381: 342: 341: 338: 335: 296: 293: 180:, " read") in 152:(" carry") in 109:is called the 101:is called the 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3806: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3781: 3779: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3739: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3647:Interrogative 3645: 3643: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3614:Interrogative 3612: 3610: 3609:Demonstrative 3607: 3605: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3559: 3558:Prepositional 3555: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3545:Strong / Weak 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3510:Interrogative 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3456:Demonstrative 3454: 3452: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3423:Prepositional 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3413:Interrogative 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3335:Demonstrative 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3199: 3196: 3194: 3193:Germanic weak 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3183:Frequentative 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3123:Autocausative 3121: 3119: 3118:Anticausative 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3087:Transgressive 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2892: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2872: 2867: 2861: 2857: 2850: 2847: 2842: 2841: 2833: 2830: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2802:on 2017-10-11 2798: 2794: 2792:973-575-825-3 2788: 2784: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2764: 2759: 2757:9780521848374 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2727: 2723: 2716: 2709: 2706: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2654: 2653:Je veux venir 2650: 2646: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2543: 2542:Seri language 2535: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2452:kirjoittaessa 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2428: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2372: 2371:vowel harmony 2369:according to 2368: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2278: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2154:*mogt’ → moč’ 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2090: 2088: 2083:this becomes 2082: 2078: 2077:ἐθέλω γράφειν 2075: 2074:ancient Greek 2071: 2063: 2061: 2057:παιδεύ-ε-σθαι 1999: 1982:πεπαιδευκέναι 1979: 1976: 1975: 1967: 1960: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1941: 1934: 1927: 1924: 1923: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1883:Ancient Greek 1878: 1871:Ancient Greek 1870: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1853: 1851: 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1780:, "to love", 1779: 1775: 1772:, "to love", 1771: 1767: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1566:(“ calls”) + 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1391:The original 1386: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1255:, e.g., "Why 1254: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1242:interrogative 1239: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1200:on" or "nice 1199: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1178: 1177: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1121:/is to/are to 1120: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1091: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1060: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1003: 1002:direct object 999: 997: 994: 990: 986: 982: 981: 980: 979: 975: 971: 968: 964: 960: 957: 953: 952:Complementing 950: 949: 948: 945: 943: 939: 935: 927: 925: 923: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 875: 873: 869: 868: 862: 858: 854: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 827:passive voice 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 747: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 725: 722:every day"), 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 690: 689:to-infinitive 686: 682: 678: 674: 666: 662: 660:here all day. 659: 655: 654: 653: 651: 647: 643: 640: 636: 632: 626: 625:English verbs 618: 616: 614: 610: 605: 603: 599: 597: 591: 589: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 542:(to) be eaten 540: 537: 534: 533: 532: 530: 529:passive voice 526: 522: 518: 513: 511: 507: 502: 500: 496: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 468: 466: 464: 460: 459:Ancient Greek 456: 452: 448: 444: 436: 432: 429: 425: 424: 423: 421: 413: 411: 409: 405: 400: 398: 394: 391: 387: 379: 378: 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 339: 336: 333: 332: 331: 329: 325: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 294: 292: 291:infinitives. 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 217: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 167: 164:(" love") in 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 128:(" sing") in 127: 124:ending, like 123: 118: 116: 115:to-infinitive 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 81: 77: 73: 68: 66: 62: 59: 55: 51: 47: 43: 36: 32: 19: 3746:Pro-sentence 3720:Onomatopoeia 3710:Interjection 3683:Measure word 3466:Distributive 3360:Postpositive 3340:Intersective 3293:Unaccusative 3238:Performative 3208:Intransitive 3168:Ditransitive 3071: 2994:Noun adjunct 2880: 2874: 2855: 2849: 2839: 2832: 2823: 2814: 2804:, retrieved 2797:the original 2782: 2766: 2747: 2734: 2725: 2721: 2708: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2642: 2637: 2630: 2626: 2618: 2606: 2604: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2559:intransitive 2554: 2546: 2539: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2519: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2481: 2480:, such that 2477: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2436: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2418: 2415:kirjoitta+ta 2414: 2408: 2404: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2352: 2332: 2330: 2326:Hebrew Bible 2321: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2290:ahare lekhtō 2289: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2255: 2250: 2246: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2213: 2205: 2197: 2185: 2181: 2173: 2165: 2161: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2133: 2127: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2092: 2086: 2084: 2081:modern Greek 2076: 2069: 2067: 2064:Modern Greek 1996: 1989:πεπαιδεῦσθαι 1963:παιδεύσᾰσθαι 1937:παιδεύσεσθαι 1880: 1857: 1855: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1833:periphrastic 1822: 1821:/ela ter/ter 1818: 1816: 1812: 1800: 1796: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1763: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1623: 1613: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1505: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1390: 1378: 1371: 1358: 1353: 1345: 1338: 1332: 1322: 1318: 1311: 1307: 1300: 1296: 1289: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1263: 1256: 1252: 1230: 1219: 1215: 1212:Adjectivally 1201: 1197: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1161: 1157: 1142: 1138: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105:would rather 1103: 1097: 1086: 1075: 1058: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 996: 995:clearly now. 992: 991:" or "I can 988: 966: 962: 958: 946: 941: 933: 931: 922: 918: 915:to buy a car 914: 910: 902: 890: 886: 882: 876: 871: 865:infinitival 864: 860: 851: 846: 842: 838: 834: 822: 814: 810: 806: 798: 794: 782: 771:periphrastic 762: 758: 748: 743: 735: 727: 719: 703: 693: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 670: 664: 657: 649: 645: 641: 631:"plain form" 628: 612: 606: 593: 585: 583: 577: 571: 565: 559: 553: 547: 541: 535: 514: 503: 472: 440: 434: 427: 419: 417: 401: 392: 385: 383: 357: 353: 343: 327: 323: 300: 298: 275:or occur in 256: 255:, called an 228: 218: 210:verbal nouns 177: 169: 161: 149: 144:(" eat") in 141: 136:(" die") in 133: 125: 119: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 90: 86: 82: 69: 64: 60: 37: 30: 29: 3695:Conjunction 3461:Disjunctive 3398:Conjunctive 3345:Nominalized 3248:Predicative 3092:Verbal noun 3043:Attributive 2694:Verbal noun 2674:Finite verb 2611:verbal noun 2467:kirjoittama 2322:mōth yāmūth 2266:listed here 2164:(sometimes 1970:παιδευθῆναι 1918:παιδεύεσθαι 1642:(rare), or 1447:, but also 1381:-infinitive 1187:in order to 1172:Adverbially 1110:in order to 987:, "I can't 921:, not like 907:constituent 897:. Opposing 755:modal verbs 724:subjunctive 712:finite verb 698:or present 613:avoir mangé 521:progressive 495:periphrasis 370:noun phrase 366:constituent 313:complements 305:verb phrase 233:participles 227:(called an 225:verb phrase 95:finite verb 61:infinitivus 46:linguistics 35:abbreviated 18:Infinitives 3794:Verb types 3778:Categories 3763:Yes and no 3678:Classifier 3662:Possessive 3624:Quantifier 3619:Possessive 3596:Determiner 3568:Adposition 3540:Resumptive 3525:Reciprocal 3520:Possessive 3500:Indefinite 3428:Pronominal 3380:Subsective 3355:Possessive 3325:Collateral 3298:Unergative 3288:Transitive 3203:Inchoative 3198:Impersonal 3138:Catenative 3077:Participle 3072:Infinitive 3004:Relational 2974:Collective 2954:Adjectival 2806:2011-02-28 2728:: 185–237. 2551:transitive 2524:"jump" is 2506:-maisilla- 2419:kirjoittaa 2261:Macedonian 2210:Belarusian 2184:(formerly 2021:παιδεύ-ειν 1930:παιδεύσειν 1668:Portuguese 1445:the eating 1227:elliptical 1162:to love me 1099:had better 899:linguistic 872:plain form 853:Huddleston 793:, and (3) 775:had better 732:imperative 716:indicative 700:participle 623:See also: 491:inflection 334:(to) sleep 311:and other 245:gerundives 130:Portuguese 122:inflective 58:Late Latin 31:Infinitive 3753:Prop-word 3715:Ideophone 3642:Discourse 3581:Inflected 3530:Reflexive 3505:Intensive 3312:Adjective 3283:Stretched 3273:Separable 3263:Reflexive 3158:Denominal 3153:Defective 3133:Captative 3128:Auxiliary 3067:Gerundive 3057:Nonfinite 2979:Countable 2463:kirjoita- 2296:‎ ( 2257:Bulgarian 2230:Slovenian 2202:Ukrainian 2200:(-ти) in 2114:γραφ(τ)εί 2045:δίδο-σθαι 1956:παιδεῦσαι 1911:παιδεύειν 1848:al abrir 1500:Afrikaans 1441:das Essen 1317:e. after 1306:d. after 1301:surrender 1295:c. after 1284:b. after 1273:a. after 1202:to listen 1083:hortative 969:for tea." 767:defective 757:(such as 544:(passive) 443:objective 317:modifiers 206:Australia 65:infinitus 3742:Pro-verb 3737:Pro-form 3634:Particle 3586:Stranded 3535:Relative 3515:Personal 3433:Relative 3418:Locative 3408:Genitive 3233:Negative 3163:Deponent 3143:Compound 2822:(1968). 2774:(2004), 2746:(2005). 2663:See also 2465:becomes 2377:juoks+ta 2355:converbs 2320:‎ 2318:מות ימות 2118:γραφῆναι 2091:“I want 2042:, e.g., 2033:διδό-ναι 2018:, e.g., 1977:perfect 1906:present 1901:passive 1852:los ojos 1817:para ter 1805:Galician 1782:amavisse 1720:Romanian 1449:the food 1191:to block 1114:as if to 1096:such as 976:, i.e. – 889:happily 779:ought to 749:Certain 644:. Hence 639:particle 596:about to 594:(to) be 588:going to 586:(to) be 536:(to) eat 321:particle 237:converbs 198:Japanese 196:such as 80:particle 3727:Preverb 3604:Article 3550:Subject 3443:Pronoun 3278:Stative 3243:Phrasal 3218:Lexical 3173:Dynamic 3148:Copular 3048:Converb 2964:Animacy 2589:), and 2573:), and 2387:nuol+ta 2367:-ta/-tä 2343:Finnish 2243:Serbian 2204:, -ць ( 2194:Latvian 2152:, like 2130:Russian 1951:aorist 1925:future 1860:saberlo 1756:a putea 1752:a putea 1728:nominal 1684:Spanish 1664:Spanish 1628:Italian 1572:kallask 1279:believe 1143:To know 1135:subject 989:breathe 839:to have 819:perfect 803:negated 787:used to 783:should, 730:"), or 663:I want 619:English 609:perfect 517:perfect 506:passive 426:I want 350:clauses 309:objects 269:gerunds 265:adverbs 249:subject 241:gerunds 221:objects 182:Russian 178:chitat' 158:Italian 150:portare 138:Spanish 85:. Thus 72:English 44:) is a 3705:Coverb 3700:Copula 3554:Object 3471:Donkey 3390:Adverb 3365:Proper 3330:Common 3213:Labile 3082:Supine 3062:Gerund 3053:Finite 3018:Verbal 3009:Strong 2999:Proper 2887:  2862:  2789:  2754:  2679:Gerund 2631:masdar 2595:-oocta 2591:ihacta 2567:icatax 2522:hypätä 2491:-minen 2405:juo+ta 2395:sur+ta 2391:nuolla 2381:juosta 2277:Hebrew 2272:Hebrew 2178:Slovak 2170:Polish 2110:γράψει 2106:γράψαι 2102:γράψει 2070:per se 1898:middle 1895:active 1742:, and 1714:, and 1700:French 1564:kallar 1520:bokmål 1496:to hit 1468:to say 1464:zeggen 1443:means 1417:it is 1415:German 1408:-janan 1396:ending 1349:(verb) 1257:reveal 1220:to use 1216:to see 1198:to get 1150:object 1139:To err 1004:that – 867:clause 857:Pullum 821:) and 696:gerund 665:to sit 656:I can 650:to sit 483:aspect 404:German 374:adverb 285:person 202:Africa 190:Arabic 172:читать 166:German 162:lieben 146:French 142:manger 126:cantar 3671:Other 3652:Modal 3476:Dummy 3228:Modal 3223:Light 3101:Types 3036:Forms 2959:Agent 2800:(PDF) 2779:(PDF) 2718:(PDF) 2700:Notes 2625:) or 2583:ihaho 2579:icalx 2571:-atax 2553:, or 2444:-a/-ä 2433:-kse- 2409:juoda 2399:surra 2208:) in 2190:Czech 2188:) in 2168:) in 2140:, or 2089:γράψω 2085:θέλω 2039:-σθαι 1892:tense 1778:amare 1774:amari 1770:amare 1766:voice 1718:. In 1696:-irse 1692:-erse 1688:-arse 1678:, or 1660:-irsi 1652:-ersi 1648:-arsi 1620:Latin 1554:) or 1492:slaan 1488:to go 1456:Dutch 1347:amble 1308:where 1231:to go 1152:of a 1119:am to 1087:leave 1054:you." 1042:, or 1017:watch 847:to be 702:(the 487:tense 479:voice 477:like 455:Latin 303:is a 281:tense 261:nouns 154:Latin 134:morir 87:to go 3657:Noun 3403:Flat 3258:Pure 3028:Verb 3013:Weak 2989:Mass 2969:Bare 2941:Noun 2885:ISBN 2860:ISBN 2787:ISBN 2752:ISBN 2649:come 2607:that 2587:-aho 2555:ica- 2547:iha- 2540:The 2536:Seri 2499:-nen 2279:has 2259:and 2249:or - 2236:or - 2232:in - 2228:and 2224:or - 2220:in - 2206:-ts' 2192:and 2093:that 2027:-ναι 2015:-ειν 1856:sin 1666:and 1656:-rsi 1644:-ire 1640:-rre 1636:-ere 1632:-are 1596:-ast 1578:and 1568:-sik 1484:gaan 1427:-ern 1423:-eln 1404:-jan 1376:and 1323:know 1297:when 1286:what 1275:whom 1262:the 1259:it?" 1204:to". 1158:make 1148:the 1133:the 1102:and 1052:call 1048:stop 1044:have 1036:make 1029:sing 1025:fall 1021:hear 967:care 963:like 954:the 942:help 919:to ] 855:and 835:have 829:and 815:have 797:for 785:(2) 763:must 753:are 718:("I 704:-ing 648:and 457:and 433:For 315:and 273:case 243:and 204:and 156:and 50:verb 2597:). 2459:-ma 2310:lo- 2306:lā- 2302:li- 2298:lə- 2281:two 2238:či. 2226:ći, 2198:-ty 2186:-ti 2176:in 2148:to 2142:-ti 2134:-t’ 2120:). 2051:-ε- 2009:-εν 2003:-ε- 1881:In 1825:... 1823:mos 1736:-ea 1716:-ir 1712:oir 1708:-er 1704:-re 1680:-ir 1676:-er 1672:-ar 1624:-re 1604:-es 1600:-as 1588:-st 1580:-sk 1576:-mk 1560:-sk 1556:sik 1552:-mk 1548:mik 1544:-st 1542:or 1498:). 1460:-en 1454:In 1425:or 1419:-en 1413:In 1406:or 1400:-an 1319:how 1264:to- 1253:why 1236:In 1225:In 1059:ask 1040:bid 1019:or 1013:see 993:see 891:sit 859:'s 807:not 799:can 791:did 777:or 759:can 746:.) 744:put 736:Sit 728:sit 720:sit 687:or 658:sit 646:sit 598:eat 592:or 590:eat 372:or 356:or 330:). 299:An 113:or 40:INF 3780:: 3744:/ 3556:/ 3552:/ 3488:/ 3055:/ 3011:/ 2742:; 2726:16 2724:. 2720:. 2532:. 2516:). 2417:→ 2407:→ 2397:→ 2393:, 2389:→ 2379:→ 2333:to 2314:to 2308:, 2304:, 2300:, 2251:ći 2247:ti 2234:ti 2222:ti 2216:, 2214:ti 2182:-t 2180:, 2174:-ť 2172:, 2166:-c 2162:-ć 2150:č’ 2087:να 2060:. 1858:yo 1850:yo 1843:. 1819:es 1792:. 1748:să 1744:-i 1740:-e 1738:, 1732:-a 1710:, 1706:, 1694:, 1690:, 1674:, 1658:, 1654:, 1650:, 1638:, 1634:, 1598:, 1592:-a 1584:-s 1540:-s 1536:-a 1532:-e 1528:-a 1524:-e 1516:-e 1512:-a 1508:-n 1494:— 1490:, 1486:— 1480:-a 1476:to 1472:te 1466:— 1451:. 1437:to 1432:zu 1410:. 1379:To 1339:to 1325:?" 1314:?" 1312:go 1303:?" 1292:?" 1290:do 1281:?" 1233:." 1222:." 1183:to 1164:". 1116:, 1112:, 1089:." 1078:." 1076:be 1038:, 1031:." 1015:, 959:do 934:to 924:. 911:to 903:to 887:to 883:to 843:be 823:be 811:do 761:, 734:(" 691:. 681:to 673:to 642:to 604:. 519:, 512:. 481:, 420:do 410:. 328:to 324:to 283:, 239:, 235:, 192:, 188:, 168:, 160:, 148:, 140:, 132:, 117:. 107:to 99:to 91:go 83:to 2924:e 2917:t 2910:v 2893:. 2868:. 2760:. 2501:. 2448:e 2294:ל 2146:t 1768:( 1734:, 1682:( 1462:( 1244:– 1174:: 1123:. 430:. 176:( 33:( 20:)

Index

Infinitives
abbreviated
linguistics
verb
non-finite verbs
Late Latin
English
dictionary form
particle
finite verb
inflective
Portuguese
Spanish
French
Latin
Italian
German
Russian
Native American languages
Arabic
Asian languages
Japanese
Africa
Australia
verbal nouns
finite verb forms in ordinary clauses
objects
verb phrase
participles
converbs

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