954:
1757:
1745:
781:
are somewhat different from the norm. In the objective, the verb takes an object but no subject; the nonreferent subject in some uses may be marked in the verb by an incorporated dummy pronoun similar to that used with the
English weather verbs. Impersonal verbs in null subject languages take neither
1083:
Modality expresses the speaker's attitude toward the action or state given by the verb, especially with regard to degree of necessity, obligation, or permission ("You must go", "You should go", "You may go"), determination or willingness ("I will do this no matter what"), degree of probability ("It
370:
Verbs vary by type, and each type is determined by the kinds of words that accompany it and the relationship those words have with the verb itself. Classified by the number of their valency arguments, usually four basic types are distinguished: intransitives, transitives, ditransitives and double
589:
a reliable friend." These verbs precede nouns or adjectives in a sentence, which become predicate nouns and predicate adjectives. Copulae are thought to 'link' the predicate adjective or noun to the subject. They can also be followed by an adverb of place, which is sometimes referred to as a
790:
Verbs are often flexible with regard to valency. In non-valency marking languages such as
English, a transitive verb can often drop its object and become intransitive; or an intransitive verb can take an object and become transitive. For example, in English the verb
501:
When two noun phrases follow a transitive verb, the first is an indirect object, that which is receiving something, and the second is a direct object, that being acted upon. Indirect objects can be noun phrases or prepositional phrases.
771:
and therefore formally have a valency of 1. As verbs in
Spanish incorporate the subject as a TAM suffix, Spanish is not actually a null-subject language, unlike Mandarin (see above). Such verbs in Spanish also have a valency of 1.
2386:
1067:, which combines elements of a past event and the implication that the state resulting from it was later reversed (as in "he did go there" or "he has been there", i.e. "he went there but has now come back")
1061:, which combines elements of both aspect and tense and in which both a prior event and the state resulting from it are expressed (as in "he has gone there", i.e. "he went there and he is still there")
807:, the subject and object are distinct and the verb has a different valency. Some verbs in English have historically derived forms that show change of valency in some causative verbs, such as
1075:, in which case the aspect is embedded in the verb's meaning (as in "the sun shines", where "shines" is lexically stative), or it can be grammatically expressed, as in "I am running."
1124:
of a verb expresses whether the subject of the verb is performing the action of the verb or whether the action is being performed on the subject. The two most common voices are the
1798:
Downloadable handbook to learn the
Spanish verb paradigm in an easy ruled-based method. It also supplies the guidelines to know whenever a Spanish verb is regular or irregular
451:. These noun phrases are not called predicate nouns, but are instead called direct objects because they refer to the object that is being acted upon. For example: "My friend
333:
word order, inflects verbs for tense-aspect-mood, as well as other categories such as negation, but shows absolutely no agreement with the subject—it is a strictly
1088:, but some also use verbal forms as in the given examples. If the verbal expression of modality involves the use of an auxiliary verb, that auxiliary is called a
961:
contains information about time (past, present, future), person and number. The process of grammatically modifying a verb to express this information is called
1823:
704:(valency = 3, trivalent): the verb has a subject, a direct object, and an indirect object. For example: "He gives her a flower" or "She gave John the watch."
3035:
782:
subject nor object, as is true of other verbs, but again the verb may show incorporated dummy pronouns despite the lack of subject and object phrases.
2696:
1084:
must be raining by now", "It may be raining", "It might be raining"), or ability ("I can speak French"). All languages can express modality with
2912:
1713:
1499:
1795:
281:, English shows distinctive agreements only in the third person singular, present tense form of verbs, which are marked by adding "-s" (
1430:
1005:, or it could be a past, present, or future time of reference previously established in the sentence, in which case the verb expresses
997:
to convey whether the action or state is before, simultaneous with, or after some reference point. The reference point could be the
3277:
1816:
1291:
2725:
664:(valency = 0): the verb has neither a subject nor an object. Zero valency does not occur in English; in some languages such as
2658:
2750:
923:
is the general today past attainative perfective, found with all numbers in the perfective except the singular active, where
2740:
2720:
2476:
1030:, in which the action is viewed as ongoing; in some languages a verb could express imperfective aspect more narrowly as:
2735:
2689:
2468:
330:
3270:
2168:
1987:
1884:
1809:
1316:
351:: the verb agrees with the subject, the direct object, and even the secondary object if present, a greater degree of
1653:
1425:
948:
318:
259:
nature of communicated meaning by humans, i.e. nouns being the "entities" and verbs being the "links" between them.
2755:
2730:
1854:
1781:
1527:
1296:
334:
2775:
356:
834:
In valency marking languages, valency change is shown by inflecting the verb in order to change the valency. In
3344:
3282:
2578:
2078:
1321:
1246:
371:
transitive verbs. Some verbs have special grammatical uses and hence complements, such as copular verbs (i.e.,
707:
A few
English verbs, particularly those concerned with financial transactions, take four arguments, as in "Pat
462:
A way to identify a transitive verb is to invert the sentence, making it passive. For example: "The newspaper
395:. In addition, verbs can be non-finite (not inflected for person, number, tense, etc.), such special forms as
518:
phrase. The second element (noun phrase, adjective, or infinitive) is called a complement, which completes a
2993:
2808:
2745:
2682:
2390:
1899:
1517:"Building a Knowledge Graph from Natural Language Definitions for Interpretable Text Entailment Recognition"
1266:
962:
514:) are followed by a noun phrase that serves as a direct object and then a second noun phrase, adjective, or
274:
268:
3310:
3045:
2961:
2931:
2524:
2351:
2260:
1464:
1415:
1410:
1400:
347:
154:
1775:
3244:
3020:
2976:
2790:
2595:
2486:
2481:
2458:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2220:
2013:
1849:
1761:
756:
642:
352:
3265:
3174:
2600:
2534:
2366:
2323:
2225:
2088:
2048:
940:
838:
of
Australia, for example, verbs distinguish valency by argument agreement suffixes and TAM endings:
799:(though in this case, the subject itself may be an implied object, also expressible explicitly as in
542:
107:
2381:
277:
with its primary argument (the subject) in person, number or gender. With the exception of the verb
3208:
3138:
2988:
2951:
2941:
2907:
2813:
2794:
2361:
2008:
1221:
1027:
944:
423:(a word that addresses how, where, when, and how often) or end a sentence. For example: "The woman
2926:
2709:
2547:
2514:
2440:
2425:
2410:
2400:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2093:
2023:
2018:
1380:
1064:
1048:
1033:
habitual aspect, in which the action occurs repeatedly (as in "I used to go there every day"), or
150:
146:
142:
130:
482:) precede either two noun phrases or a noun phrase and then a prepositional phrase often led by
1749:
321:(abbreviated 'TAM'), and they agree in person and number (but not in gender, as for example in
3030:
2879:
2854:
2823:
2504:
2430:
2405:
2328:
2193:
2138:
2108:
2068:
1709:
1649:
1495:
1395:
1390:
1058:
1036:
1021:
998:
936:
919:) in the intransitive form, and as a transitive verb the stem is not suffixed. The TAM ending
700:
681:
676:
416:
342:
326:
314:
158:
126:
1489:
1039:, in which the action occurs without pause; continuous aspect can be further subdivided into
3084:
2542:
2435:
2415:
2265:
2230:
2148:
1943:
1385:
1178:
1101:
1093:
958:
760:
665:
209:
162:
134:
103:
3232:
3181:
3145:
3015:
2674:
2450:
2371:
2333:
2318:
2198:
2188:
2103:
2098:
2038:
1904:
1874:
1271:
1231:
1186:
1141:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1024:, in which the action is viewed in its entirety through completion (as in "I saw the car")
1017:
Aspect expresses how the action or state occurs through time. Important examples include:
777:
752:
688:
444:
338:
322:
256:
213:
138:
1801:
1092:. If the verbal expression of modality involves inflection, we have the special case of
3339:
3213:
3105:
3089:
2968:
2785:
2632:
2590:
2552:
2454:
2183:
2173:
2163:
2058:
2053:
2033:
2028:
1957:
1832:
1370:
1356:
1336:
1331:
1072:
1006:
1002:
990:
953:
835:
55:
43:
20:
1784:
Conjugation and
Analysis of Regular and Irregular Verbs, and also of Neologisms, like
1756:
3333:
3318:
3068:
3052:
2983:
2896:
2803:
2557:
2509:
2376:
2356:
2235:
2153:
2133:
2083:
2063:
2043:
1607:
1445:
1435:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1326:
1311:
1286:
1261:
1241:
1236:
1162:
1129:
768:
693:
251:"As far as we know, every language makes a grammatical distinction that looks like a
166:
24:
419:
is one that does not have a direct object. Intransitive verbs may be followed by an
3300:
3203:
3194:
3166:
3161:
2921:
2884:
2835:
2830:
2646:
2620:
2610:
2583:
2445:
2178:
2143:
2118:
2073:
1894:
1440:
1405:
1301:
1276:
1256:
1251:
1226:
1216:
1211:
1182:
1158:
1125:
1042:
748:
226:
174:
1045:, in which the situation is a fixed, unevolving state (as in "I know French"), and
19:
This article is about the part of speech. For the physical activity program, see
3239:
2303:
2113:
1992:
1953:
1918:
1909:
1485:
1450:
1306:
1281:
1198:
1147:
448:
522:
that would not otherwise have the same meaning. For example: "The young couple
3113:
2663:
2562:
2519:
2496:
2420:
2255:
2158:
2128:
2123:
1977:
1972:
1879:
1869:
1859:
1154:
1089:
994:
775:
Intransitive and transitive verbs are the most common, but the impersonal and
515:
400:
396:
238:
170:
122:
114:
383:-support in questioning and negation; and tense or aspect auxiliaries, e.g.,
2653:
2615:
2395:
2212:
1967:
1913:
1889:
1744:
2642:
2637:
660:
118:
28:
1729:
Goldenberg, Gideon "On Verbal
Structure and the Hebrew Verb", in: idem,
1516:
2627:
2343:
1948:
1864:
1375:
1153:
In the Indo-European languages, verbal adjectives are generally called
2605:
2290:
1982:
1962:
1420:
1085:
519:
420:
404:
59:
1165:
participle, also called a past participle. The active participle of
1051:, in which the situation continuously evolves (as in "I am running")
952:
510:
Double transitive verbs (sometimes called Vc verbs after the verb
310:
911:'to take/come/arrive' at the destination takes the active suffix
1841:
767:
means "It rains". In
English, French and German, they require a
252:
51:
2678:
1805:
1132:(as in "The car was seen by me" or simply "The car was seen").
1491:
Language
Unlimited: The science behind our most creative power
295:). The rest of the persons are not distinguished in the verb (
1181:
forms with tense and aspect. This is especially common among
882:
today past singular object attainative transitive perfective)
478:
Ditransitive verbs (sometimes called Vg verbs after the verb
1656:. Sprachtypol. Univ. Forsch. (STUF), Berlin 59, 4, 317–349.
849:
today past singular subject active intransitive perfective)
1769:
1515:
Silva, Vivian S.; Freitas, André; Handschuh, Siegfried.
647:
The number of arguments that a verb takes is called its
534:
her project to be the hardest she has ever completed."
692:(valency = 2, divalent): the verb has a subject and a
655:. Verbs can be classified according to their valency:
1680:
Grammatical Voice (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics)
1161:
participle, also called a present participle; and a
3309:
3293:
3255:
3222:
3190:
3154:
3128:
3098:
3077:
3061:
3008:
2895:
2865:
2844:
2784:
2771:
2571:
2533:
2495:
2467:
2342:
2289:
2211:
2001:
1936:
1927:
1840:
273:In languages where the verb is inflected, it often
169:, to indicate that an action is being carried out;
1733:, Jerusalem: Magnes Press 1998, pp. 148–196 .
1654:"Towards a typology of discontinuous past marking"
696:. For example: "she eats fish", "we hunt nothing".
1494:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 78.
680:(valency = 1, monovalent): the verb only has a
904:"arrive+attainative+singular/dual/plural+TAM"
526:the neighbors wealthy people." "Some students
2690:
1817:
1772:Verbs and verb conjugation in many languages.
969:Depending on the language, verbs may express
8:
255:verb distinction.". Possibly because of the
232:the President of the United States in 2009.
173:, to indicate that an action has been done;
1708:(Third ed.). Oxford University Press.
177:, to indicate that an action will be done.
2869:
2781:
2697:
2683:
2675:
1933:
1824:
1810:
1802:
1579:
494:their teammates high fives." "The players
1567:
1555:
1543:
871:"arrive+active+singular/dual/plural+TAM"
590:predicate adverb. For example: "My house
1468:: A 233-page book without a single verb.
1185:, where attributive verb phrases act as
1477:
1603:
1601:
1150:that describe the action of the verb.
106:, the basic form, with or without the
1782:Italian Verbs Coniugator and Analyzer
888:"He took the two fish earlier today"
684:. For example: "he runs", "it falls".
546:
16:Part of speech that conveys an action
7:
431:faster than the official." "The boy
1652:& Johan van der Auwera (2006),
1431:Transitivity (grammatical category)
1001:, in which case the verb expresses
878:"He took the fish earlier today" (
530:adults quite inaccurately." "Sarah
894:"He took the fish earlier today"
466:by my friend." "A speeding ticket
23:. For English usage of verbs, see
14:
1533:from the original on Oct 3, 2023.
989:Grammatical tense is the use of
345:, and some other languages, have
141:. A verb may also agree with the
1755:
1743:
1625:The Future in Thought and Action
1292:Japanese godan and ichidan verbs
1173:, and the passive participle is
1146:Most languages have a number of
1128:(as in "I saw the car") and the
498:high fives to their teammates."
577:a writing tutor." "The singers
102:). In the usual description of
27:. For the radio programme, see
1731:Studies in Semitic Linguistics
1682:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1991.
1669:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001.
1640:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1976.
1627:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1982.
1595:, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1985.
744:Impersonal and objective verbs
455:the newspaper." "The teenager
1:
1760:The dictionary definition of
861:"They arrived earlier today"
855:"They arrived earlier today"
795:has no grammatical object in
755:(subjectless, or avalent) in
601:is manifested in eight forms
573:. For example: "Her daughter
125:(modified in form) to encode
62:generally conveys an action (
845:"He arrived earlier today" (
490:. For example: "The players
1317:Portuguese verb conjugation
931:Tense, aspect, and modality
581:very nervous." "His mother
329:, like many languages with
3363:
2659:Syntax–semantics interface
1699:. Oxford University Press.
1297:Japanese verb conjugations
1205:Verbs in various languages
1139:
1100:(as in "I am there"), the
934:
672:take no subject or object.
640:
335:dependent-marking language
266:
18:
2872:
2716:
1778:English Verb Conjugation.
447:is followed by a noun or
2079:Exceptional case-marking
1612:Tense and Aspect Systems
1322:Proto-Indo-European verb
1247:Finnish verb conjugation
90:), or a state of being (
1704:Morenberg, Max (2010).
1697:Foundations of Language
1695:Jackendoff, R. (2002).
1267:Hebrew verb conjugation
1177:. Other languages have
549:linking verbs) include
506:Double transitive verbs
269:Grammatical conjugation
1885:Initial-stress-derived
1465:Le Train de Nulle Part
1416:Sentence (linguistics)
1411:Phrase structure rules
1401:Performative utterance
966:
957:A single-word verb in
757:null-subject languages
597:The main copular verb
427:softly." "The athlete
348:polypersonal agreement
2396:Inclusive / Exclusive
1650:Plungian, Vladimir A.
1623:Fleischman, Suzanne,
1071:Aspect can either be
956:
892:Nuidh wapi mangamainu
668:, weather verbs like
643:Valency (linguistics)
337:. On the other hand,
165:. Verbs have tenses:
1752:at Wikimedia Commons
1183:verb-final languages
1096:; moods include the
941:Aspect (linguistics)
886:Nuidh wapi mangamanu
459:a speeding ticket."
325:) with the subject.
2276:Relative subsective
2169:Regular / Irregular
2014:Andative / Venitive
1850:Abstract / Concrete
1796:El verbo en español
1222:Ancient Greek verbs
1028:imperfective aspect
945:Linguistic modality
821:raise-raised-raised
751:often appear to be
223:listening to music.
180:For some examples:
50: 'word') is a
1835:and their features
1833:Lexical categories
1614:, Blackwell, 1985.
1381:Grammatical aspect
1065:discontinuous past
1049:progressive aspect
967:
876:Nuidh wapi manganu
829:cost-costed-costed
813:fell-felled-felled
594:down the street."
474:Ditransitive verbs
470:by the teenager."
411:Intransitive verbs
317:inflect verbs for
244:a center fielder.
188:the car yesterday.
82:), an occurrence (
3327:
3326:
3278:godan and ichidan
3271:Kagoshima dialect
3124:
3123:
3004:
3003:
2710:world's languages
2672:
2671:
2477:Casally modulated
2382:Formal / Informal
2271:Pure intersective
2221:Anti-intersective
2207:
2206:
2154:Preterite-present
1748:Media related to
1715:978-0-1997-3288-3
1667:Mood and Modality
1636:Comrie, Bernard,
1591:Comrie, Bernard,
1501:978-0-19-882809-9
1426:Tense–aspect–mood
1396:Grammatical voice
1391:Grammatical tense
1157:. English has an
1108:there"), and the
1104:(as in "I wish I
1079:Mood and modality
1037:continuous aspect
1022:perfective aspect
999:time of utterance
971:grammatical tense
949:Tense–aspect–mood
937:Grammatical tense
763:, where the verb
417:intransitive verb
355:than is found in
319:tense–aspect–mood
315:Romance languages
3352:
3294:Other East Asian
2870:
2782:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2676:
2251:Non-intersective
1934:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1803:
1759:
1747:
1719:
1700:
1683:
1678:Klaiman, M. H.,
1676:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1615:
1605:
1596:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1482:
1386:Grammatical mood
1187:relative clauses
1179:attributive verb
1136:Non-finite forms
859:Thana mangemainu
809:fall-fell-fallen
805:he moves the car
801:he moves himself
666:Mandarin Chinese
585:worried." "Josh
548:
439:Transitive verbs
246:(state of being)
3362:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3345:Parts of speech
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3305:
3289:
3283:irregular verbs
3251:
3245:deficient verbs
3218:
3192:
3186:
3150:
3120:
3094:
3073:
3057:
3000:
2913:auxiliary verbs
2891:
2861:
2840:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2712:
2703:
2673:
2668:
2567:
2529:
2491:
2463:
2391:Gender-specific
2338:
2285:
2203:
2089:Germanic strong
1997:
1923:
1836:
1830:
1776:conjugation.com
1740:
1726:
1724:Further reading
1716:
1703:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1665:Palmer, F. R.,
1664:
1660:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1586:
1580:Jackendoff 2002
1578:
1574:
1566:
1562:
1558:, pp. 9–10
1554:
1550:
1546:, pp. 6–14
1542:
1538:
1530:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1460:
1455:
1366:
1361:
1272:Hungarian verbs
1232:Bulgarian verbs
1207:
1195:
1144:
1142:Non-finite verb
1138:
1118:
1112:("Be there!").
1081:
1015:
991:auxiliary verbs
987:
951:
935:Main articles:
933:
899:Verb structure:
866:Verb structure:
853:Palai mangemanu
817:rise-rose-risen
788:
786:Valency marking
778:objective verbs
746:
738:
735:for a lawnmower
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
645:
639:
540:
508:
476:
445:transitive verb
441:
413:
368:
362:
271:
265:
153:of some of its
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3342:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3273:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3169:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3155:Other European
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2901:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2873:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2800:
2798:
2779:
2776:proto-language
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2679:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2635:
2633:Procedure word
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2591:Complementizer
2588:
2587:
2586:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:Gender-neutral
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:Bound variable
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2217:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2009:Ambitransitive
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1779:
1773:
1770:www.verbix.com
1767:
1753:
1739:
1738:External links
1736:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1701:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1597:
1584:
1582:, p. 135.
1572:
1568:Morenberg 2010
1560:
1556:Morenberg 2010
1548:
1544:Morenberg 2010
1536:
1507:
1500:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:Auxiliary verb
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1357:Tigrinya verbs
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:Sanskrit verbs
1334:
1332:Romanian verbs
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1262:Germanic verbs
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1194:
1191:
1140:Main article:
1137:
1134:
1117:
1114:
1080:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1046:
1043:stative aspect
1034:
1025:
1014:
1011:
1007:relative tense
1003:absolute tense
986:
983:
932:
929:
907:The verb stem
896:
895:
889:
883:
863:
862:
856:
850:
836:Kalaw Lagaw Ya
825:cost-cost-cost
787:
784:
745:
742:
741:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:
697:
685:
673:
641:Main article:
638:
635:
539:
536:
507:
504:
475:
472:
440:
437:
412:
409:
367:
364:
267:Main article:
264:
261:
249:
248:
236:
224:
217:
203:
196:
189:
157:, such as its
56:part of speech
21:VERB (program)
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3358:
3357:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2772:Indo-European
2770:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:Orthographies
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2548:Interrogative
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2515:Interrogative
2513:
2511:
2510:Demonstrative
2508:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2459:Prepositional
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Strong / Weak
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2411:Interrogative
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2357:Demonstrative
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Prepositional
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Interrogative
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:Demonstrative
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2094:Germanic weak
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Frequentative
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2024:Autocausative
2022:
2020:
2019:Anticausative
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1988:Transgressive
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:at Wiktionary
1765:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1706:Doing Grammar
1702:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1524:ACL Anthology
1518:
1511:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1446:Verbification
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1436:Verb argument
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:Spanish verbs
1350:
1348:
1347:Slovene verbs
1345:
1343:
1342:Sesotho verbs
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Romance verbs
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Persian verbs
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Italian verbs
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1277:Ilokano verbs
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:English verbs
1240:
1238:
1237:Chinese verbs
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1130:passive voice
1127:
1123:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
984:
982:
980:
976:
972:
964:
960:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
903:
900:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
877:
874:
873:
872:
870:
867:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
844:
841:
840:
839:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
785:
783:
780:
779:
773:
770:
769:dummy pronoun
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Weather verbs
743:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:direct object
691:
690:
686:
683:
679:
678:
674:
671:
667:
663:
662:
658:
657:
656:
654:
650:
644:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
544:
543:Copular verbs
538:Copular verbs
537:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
471:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
438:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
410:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
365:
363:
360:
358:
357:most European
354:
350:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:
287:
286:
280:
276:
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
228:
225:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
202:to the store.
201:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
182:
181:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
31:
26:
25:English verbs
22:
3311:Austronesian
3195:Derived stem
2994:irregularity
2760:
2751:Prepositions
2705:
2647:Pro-sentence
2621:Onomatopoeia
2611:Interjection
2584:Measure word
2367:Distributive
2261:Postpositive
2241:Intersective
2194:Unaccusative
2139:Performative
2109:Intransitive
2069:Ditransitive
1928:
1895:Noun adjunct
1789:
1785:
1762:
1730:
1705:
1696:
1689:Bibliography
1679:
1674:
1666:
1661:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1592:
1587:
1575:
1563:
1551:
1539:
1523:
1510:
1490:
1480:
1463:
1441:Verb framing
1406:Phrasal verb
1302:Korean verbs
1257:German verbs
1252:French verbs
1227:Basque verbs
1217:Arabic verbs
1212:Adyghe verbs
1174:
1170:
1166:
1152:
1148:verbal nouns
1145:
1126:active voice
1119:
1105:
1082:
1070:
1016:
988:
978:
974:
970:
968:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
906:
902:manga-Ø--TAM
901:
898:
897:
891:
885:
879:
875:
869:manga-i--TAM
868:
865:
864:
858:
852:
846:
842:
833:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:
776:
774:
764:
747:
701:Ditransitive
699:
687:
677:Intransitive
675:
669:
659:
652:
648:
646:
633:in English.
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
596:
591:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
541:
531:
527:
523:
511:
509:
500:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
477:
467:
463:
461:
456:
452:
442:
432:
428:
424:
414:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:); the verb
372:
369:
361:
353:head-marking
346:
309:
304:
300:
296:
291:
289:
288:) or "-es" (
284:
282:
278:
272:
250:
245:
241:
234:(occurrence)
233:
229:
227:Barack Obama
220:
206:
199:
195:my homework.
192:
185:
179:
121:, verbs are
110:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
47:
39:
37:
35:
29:
3266:conjugation
3223:Niger–Congo
3191:Afroasiatic
3175:conjugation
3139:conjugation
3046:conjugation
3042:Macedonian
3031:conjugation
3021:conjugation
2989:conjugation
2977:conjugation
2962:conjugation
2958:Portuguese
2952:conjugation
2942:conjugation
2927:conjugation
2908:conjugation
2880:conjugation
2855:conjugation
2824:conjugation
2741:Determiners
2721:Phonologies
2596:Conjunction
2362:Disjunctive
2299:Conjunctive
2246:Nominalized
2149:Predicative
1993:Verbal noun
1944:Attributive
1570:, p. 7
1486:David Adger
1451:Verb phrase
1307:Latin verbs
1282:Irish verbs
1199:Linguistics
1155:participles
1102:subjunctive
995:inflections
963:conjugation
843:Nui mangema
723:" or "Chris
715:a lawnmower
449:noun phrase
401:participles
397:infinitives
359:languages.
3334:Categories
3114:pure verbs
3085:Hindustani
3078:Indo-Aryan
3036:morphology
2973:Sardinian
2932:morphology
2736:Adjectives
2664:Yes and no
2579:Classifier
2563:Possessive
2525:Quantifier
2520:Possessive
2497:Determiner
2469:Adposition
2441:Resumptive
2426:Reciprocal
2421:Possessive
2401:Indefinite
2329:Pronominal
2281:Subsective
2256:Possessive
2226:Collateral
2199:Unergative
2189:Transitive
2104:Inchoative
2099:Impersonal
2039:Catenative
1978:Participle
1973:Infinitive
1905:Relational
1875:Collective
1855:Adjectival
1608:Östen Dahl
1473:References
1110:imperative
1098:indicative
1090:modal verb
927:is found.
803:); but in
753:impersonal
711:sold Chris
689:Transitive
516:infinitive
468:was earned
257:graph-like
239:Mike Trout
117:. In many
115:infinitive
58:) that in
42:(from
3262:Japanese
3229:Chichewa
3182:Kabardian
3171:Georgian
3146:Hungarian
3016:Bulgarian
2809:auxiliary
2654:Prop-word
2616:Ideophone
2543:Discourse
2482:Inflected
2431:Reflexive
2406:Intensive
2213:Adjective
2184:Stretched
2174:Separable
2164:Reflexive
2059:Denominal
2054:Defective
2034:Captative
2029:Auxiliary
1968:Gerundive
1958:Nonfinite
1880:Countable
1790:to google
524:considers
379:used for
307:, etc.).
305:they walk
263:Agreement
155:arguments
123:inflected
119:languages
113:, is the
3214:Tigrinya
3135:Finnish
3106:Armenian
3090:Sanskrit
2969:Romanian
2948:Occitan
2938:Italian
2904:Catalan
2786:Germanic
2756:Pronouns
2731:Grammars
2643:Pro-verb
2638:Pro-form
2535:Particle
2487:Stranded
2436:Relative
2416:Personal
2334:Relative
2319:Locative
2309:Genitive
2134:Negative
2064:Deponent
2044:Compound
1786:googlare
1528:Archived
1488:(2019).
1193:See also
1171:breaking
979:modality
797:he moves
727:paid Pat
719:for $ 20
587:remained
528:perceive
512:consider
464:was read
343:Georgian
327:Japanese
313:and the
301:you walk
191:The dog
108:particle
30:The Verb
3319:Ilocano
3256:Japonic
3069:Persian
3062:Iranian
3053:Slovene
2984:Spanish
2897:Romance
2804:English
2708:of the
2628:Preverb
2505:Article
2451:Subject
2344:Pronoun
2179:Stative
2144:Phrasal
2119:Lexical
2074:Dynamic
2049:Copular
1949:Converb
1865:Animacy
1376:Grammar
1364:Grammar
1163:passive
1086:adverbs
1073:lexical
1059:perfect
959:Spanish
917:mangai-
880:manganu
847:mangema
761:Spanish
682:subject
670:snow(s)
661:Avalent
653:valence
649:valency
637:Valency
405:gerunds
210:English
207:studies
200:will go
167:present
159:subject
104:English
3301:Korean
3233:tenses
3209:Hebrew
3204:Arabic
3167:Basque
3162:Adyghe
3129:Uralic
3110:Greek
3027:Czech
3009:Slavic
2922:French
2885:tenses
2876:Latin
2866:Italic
2851:Irish
2845:Celtic
2836:Gothic
2831:German
2820:Dutch
2791:strong
2606:Coverb
2601:Copula
2455:Object
2372:Donkey
2291:Adverb
2266:Proper
2231:Common
2114:Labile
1983:Supine
1963:Gerund
1954:Finite
1919:Verbal
1910:Strong
1900:Proper
1712:
1638:Aspect
1498:
1421:Syntax
1175:broken
1159:active
1013:Aspect
975:aspect
947:, and
915:(>
909:manga-
765:llueve
629:, and
583:looked
571:remain
569:, and
563:appear
559:become
547:a.k.a.
532:deemed
520:clause
457:earned
421:adverb
339:Basque
323:Polish
297:I walk
275:agrees
230:became
221:enjoys
214:French
186:washed
175:future
163:object
151:number
147:gender
143:person
137:, and
131:aspect
88:become
84:happen
60:syntax
48:verbum
3340:Verbs
3240:Sotho
3099:Other
2814:modal
2761:Verbs
2746:Nouns
2706:Verbs
2572:Other
2553:Modal
2377:Dummy
2129:Modal
2124:Light
2002:Types
1937:Forms
1860:Agent
1750:Verbs
1593:Tense
1531:(PDF)
1520:(PDF)
1458:Other
1167:break
1122:voice
1116:Voice
985:Tense
977:, or
759:like
631:being
425:spoke
366:Types
311:Latin
279:to be
219:Lucy
205:John
161:, or
139:voice
127:tense
100:stand
96:exist
80:learn
64:bring
46:
44:Latin
2795:weak
2793:and
2558:Noun
2304:Flat
2159:Pure
1929:Verb
1914:Weak
1890:Mass
1870:Bare
1842:Noun
1788:for
1763:verb
1710:ISBN
1496:ISBN
1120:The
1106:were
1094:mood
793:move
731:$ 20
627:been
623:were
579:were
567:look
555:seem
496:gave
492:gave
480:give
453:read
433:wept
389:have
290:fish
283:walk
253:noun
212:and
171:past
135:mood
72:walk
68:read
52:word
40:verb
1169:is
993:or
981:.
925:-ma
921:-nu
651:or
619:was
615:are
575:was
488:for
486:or
435:."
429:ran
415:An
403:or
393:can
391:or
331:SOV
193:ate
149:or
76:run
3336::
2645:/
2457:/
2453:/
2389:/
1956:/
1912:/
1610:,
1600:^
1526:.
1522:.
1189:.
1009:.
973:,
943:,
939:,
913:-i
831:.
823:;
815:;
739:".
625:,
621:,
617:,
613:,
611:am
609:,
607:is
605:,
603:be
599:be
592:is
565:,
561:,
557:,
553:,
551:be
484:to
443:A
407:.
399:,
387:,
385:be
381:do
377:do
373:be
341:,
303:,
299:,
292:es
242:is
198:I
184:I
145:,
133:,
129:,
111:to
98:,
94:,
92:be
86:,
78:,
74:,
70:,
66:,
38:A
3197:)
3193:(
2797:)
2789:(
2778:)
2774:(
2698:e
2691:t
2684:v
1825:e
1818:t
1811:v
1792:.
1718:.
1504:.
965:.
827::
819::
811::
737:4
733:3
729:2
725:1
721:4
717:3
713:2
709:1
545:(
285:s
216:.
54:(
33:.
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