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323:
U.S. states had regulations governing permits, inspections and insurance, although a private investigation by the Pew
Charitable Trust has shown significant shortcomings by industry operators and regulators to do their part. North Carolina requires amusements rides, including inflatables, to be inspected annually by the North Carolina Department of Labor (NCDOL). For inflatables to pass inspection, operators in North Carolina are required to have all training records, a current certificate of insurance, and device manuals. Inflatables that are damaged and not safe will not pass inspection until they are repaired.
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injuries related to inflatable amusements is small when compared to the more everyday hazards of playgrounds and skateboards, which respectively were linked to an estimated 270,000 and 114,000 injuries in 2012. In 2015, after studying the incidence of injury the commission released a revised bulletin for the recommended safety precautions for operating an inflatable device.
35:
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Injuries are common. According to Jim Barber, spokesman for the
National Association of Amusement Ride Safety Officials, "It happens all the time. These are probably the most dangerous amusement devices they have. You see more injuries on inflatables than almost any other amusement ride you can think
322:
While bouncy castle manufacturers adhere to voluntary standards, no national safety standards exist in the U.S., although some states such as
Pennsylvania and New Jersey require that inflatables pass engineering and safety standards before allowing the equipment to be rented out. In 2017, roughly 25
318:
In 2005, the most stringent standards in the construction of an inflatable amusement were adopted nationally in
Australia, forming Federal Standard AS3533.4. This was a landmark safety standard bringing the toughest design/construction/operation standards to the inflatable industry of Australia. In
391:
In a survey spanning 2003–2013, the most common injuries were fractures, strains, sprains, dislocations, contusions, abrasions, and lacerations. An estimated 88% of the injured were less than 15 years old. Most injuries occur due to falls or collisions with another child. Some severe fall injuries
356:
Some inflatables are designed to allow games such as boxing rings, water football, penalty shootouts, basketball, rumbling, tug of war, and gladiator duels. These interactive inflatable games are made out of the same material that a continuous airflow bounce house is made of. Quad tracks are also
339:
There are also inflatable obstacle courses that allow for participants to have races and sword fights and compete against one another. These are commonly rectangular in shape, but they can also be square if the course is maze-like. Most obstacle courses have two lanes, but some can have three or
387:
report. Frank
Scurlock, son of inventor John Scurlock and manager of bouncy inflatable rental company Space Walk, ascribes the increase to rising non-commercial use of inexpensive retail "backyard" units, while bounce houses have also become more common overall. Although rising, the number of
287:. The principle is one of constant leakage, meaning small punctures are not a problem – a medium-size "bouncy castle" requires a fan with a mechanical output of about two horsepower (about 1.5 kW) and consumes around 2 kW of electrical power, allowing for the efficiency of the motor.
370:
of – more than roller coasters." In 2010, "as many as 31 U.S. children per day were treated for injuries sustained in a bounce house, or one child every 46 minutes". An estimated 65,000 children under the age of 17 were injured from 1990 to 2010. In May 2001, the U.S.
436:, Tasmania, Australia. According to witnesses, the children fell from a height of about 10 metres (33 ft) after a large gust of wind blew the castle into the air. Jumping castles were banned from use by schools in Tasmania until further notice shortly after.
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Two girls, aged four and eight, were killed after a gust of wind lifted a jumping castle into the air in
Mislata, Spain on 4 January 2022. The eight-year-old died the following day whereas the four-year-old died one week after the
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and used for recreational purposes. The growth in the use of such devices has led to a rental industry that includes inflatable slides, inflatable water slides, obstacle courses, and giant games, carnival games, and more.
851:
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The world's largest inflatable castle, The Big Bounce
America, was certified in 2018 at 1,062.252 square metres (11,433.99 sq ft). It includes multiple zones, such as ball pits, an obstacle course, a
156:. Scurlock's original design was known as the "Space Pillow", it had very little in common with modern bounce houses. In 1958 he also founded Space Walk Inc. In the 1980s the family business operated an indoor
828:
221:. Thousands of companies now rent inflatable castles in the United States. The market has also diversified to include lighter retail designs. By 2014, the industry was estimated to be worth $ 100 million.
290:
UK and
Australian bouncy castles have specifications calling for fully inflated walls on three sides with an open front and foam "crash mats" to catch children who may jump or fall out of the structure.
1035:
1263:
1064:
788:"How Bouncy Houses Became the Saviors of Pandemic Parenting: Sales of the inflatable diversions are booming during the pandemic, and no toy has come to represent a nation under stress quite like it"
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A boy's parents sued the hirers of a jumping castle in 2005 after he was given brain damage when another boy somersaulted onto him. An appeal was lodged, and the verdict was overturned.
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four. They feature various such as pop-up obstacles, climbing areas, slides, and tunnels. These are the best choice for very large events since participants move through them quickly.
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The phrase "inflatable park" may refer to both a collection of portable inflatables set up temporarily as one attraction, or a permanent attraction consisting of inflatables.
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From 2000 to early 2016, there were 64 bounce house accidents worldwide caused by wind, resulting in 271 injuries and 10 deaths. Some more notable incidents have included:
294:
Modern moonwalks in the US are typically supported by inflatable columns and enclosed with netting. The netting allows for supervision as adults can see in from all sides.
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882:
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A seven-year-old girl was killed in
England on 27 March 2016 after a sudden gust of wind lifted an inflatable bounce house into the air and carried it nearly a mile away.
1006:
795:
757:"Wedding Bouncy Castles Are The Trend Couples Are Jumping On: You're never too old to have a bouncy castle at your wedding — and don't let anyone tell you otherwise"
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In July 2015 two children were killed and three seriously injured when a gust of wind lifted a bouncy castle over 60 feet off the ground in Tartu county, Estonia.
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2006 the
European Union (EU) followed and introduced similar standards throughout EU called EN14960:2006 which was then updated in 2013 to EN14960:2013.
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booth. It was designed as an inflatable theme park for all ages, and started touring the United States in the summer of 2019 as a traveling festival.
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American engineer John Scurlock is credited as inventor of the modern inflatable tent design, in 1958. Scurlock, a plastics specialist who taught at
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In South Yorkshire in England a boy died in August 2003 while using one, he had climbed onto the wall and fell out of the structure head-first.
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A girl was thrown 20ft in the air from a bouncy castle on Gorleston beach, Norfolk, UK on 01 July 2018. She died of her injuries in hospital.
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The Everything Parent's Guide To Sensory Integration Disorder: Get the Right Diagnosis, Understand Treatments, And Advocate for Your Child
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responding to high-rise fires. According to his family, he was inspired in the late 1950s while designing inflatable tent covers for
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Inflatable castles have been suggested as having some therapeutic value for children with certain sensory impairments, similar to
172:. The idea to rent inflatables for parties is attributed to Scurlock's wife Frances, who was running a rental business by 1969.
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998:
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663:"A Gigantic Bounce House Is Coming to Revere This Summer: You can get your bounce on in the world's largest inflatable castle"
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The original bouncy house was essentially an air pillow with a roof, but the hundreds of modern models include inflatable
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A six-year-old boy died in 2016 in Montevideo (Uruguay) after the bouncy castle was deflated with the child still inside.
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Injuries caused by inflatable rides were rising in the United States, according to a 2012 study published in the journal
97:
and buildings and similar items. They are rented for backyard and block party functions, school and church festivals and
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20:
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released a bulletin outlining the dangers and recommended safety precautions for operating an inflatable structure.
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607:
383:, which found a 15-fold increase from 1995 to 2010, a trend corroborated in the 2003–2012 period by a 2015 U.S.
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An eight-year-old girl died in May 2011 after falling head first from a bouncy castle onto a concrete pavement.
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1416:
1633:"Jumping castles banned across Tasmania Department of Education sites until police conclude investigation"
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1708:
247:, and other large outdoor toys for retail home use became more popular in the summer of 2020 due to the
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Bob Regehr is also credited for inventing the bouncy house in 1968, under the brand name Moon Walk.
94:
28:
1234:"On Parenting: Moon bounce injuries are more common than you might think. Here's how to avoid them"
1202:"Estimated Number of Injuries and Reported Deaths Associated with Inflatable Amusements, 2003-2013"
433:
161:
819:"Bounce house, trampoline, outdoor toy sales jump as families practice COVID-19 social distancing"
1329:
428:
In December 2021, six children died and three others were critically injured in a jumping castle
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With adult play a growing trend, bouncy castle rentals have also seen increased popularity at
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1447:"FOTOD: TRAGÖÖDIA TARTUMAAL: Tõrvandis toimus traagiline batuudiõnnetus, hukkus kaks last"
1420:
1184:
1087:"Mounting complaints against Aberdeen inflatable centre after mass sacking of 22 workers"
725:
700:
1488:"Muere una niña de 6 años al reventar un castillo hinchable en un restaurante de Girona"
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gyms, a game in which players attempt to knock each other over with a large inflatable
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1057:"Biggest inflatable park in the whole North West to open in Lancashire next month"
726:"The Big Bounce America: fun for all at the world's biggest inflatable theme park"
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164:, and today continues to rent heavy-duty inflatables for occasions ranging from
105:
251:, providing a means for parents to entertain their children while maintaining
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1300:"U.K. bounce house death highlights danger of inflatable structures and wind"
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closed, parents bought inflatables to occupy their children while conducting
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34:
1575:"Tasmania bouncy castle fall: Four children killed and five others injured"
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113:
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1461:"Un video reactiva la investigación sobre niño que murió en un inflable"
693:"Officially the World's Largest Bounce Castle by Guinness World Records"
311:
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with a plastic roof designed for children's safety, was available for
608:"Bouncy house inventor Bob Regehr's car collection is up for auction"
256:
549:"At Space Walk in Kenner, a family business remains firmly grounded"
330:
301:
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112:
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1264:""Amusement Ride Safety Bulletin for Inflatables" (August, 2015)"
999:"First ever inflatable theme park changes location after dispute"
283:, and the castle is inflated using an electric or petrol-powered
844:"Bounce House Regulations, Enforcement Lacking as Injuries Soar"
144:, later also invented the Space Walk safety air cushion used by
141:
98:
1361:"Boy severely hurt on bouncy castle likely to get £1m payout"
1149:"31 kids a day injured in inflatable bounce houses: study"
1028:"'UK's largest' inflatable fun park is in Salisbury today"
1545:"Sixth child dies after Tasmanian jumping castle tragedy"
1646:"Second child dies after Spanish bouncy castle accident"
1389:"Parents win appeal over head injury on a bouncy castle"
638:
Catalog: The Illustrated History of Mail Order Shopping
1543:
Dunlevie, James; Langenberg, Adam (19 December 2021).
1187:(May 23, 2001, revised and re-issued December 5, 2001)
275:
The surfaces are typically composed of thick, strong
178:
As part of the space-themed toy trend sparked by the
1605:"Devonport jumping castle tragedy claims sixth life"
1518:"MP calls for bouncy castle ban after child's death"
1417:"Girl (8) dies after falling out of bouncy castle"
470:
640:. Princeton Architectural Press. pp. 80–81.
19:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
392:occur after wind lifts bouncy castles skyward.
1635:Sky News Australia. Retrieved December 19, 2021
306:A typical inflatable castle during the fair in
1200:Szeszel-Fedorowicz, Wioletta (February 2015).
513:"How safe are bounce houses for kids, really?"
422:A child died in Girona (Spain) on May 7, 2017.
8:
1116:"Summit Up 6-8-11: Scared of bouncy castles"
506:
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469:Mauro, Terri and Sharon A. Cermak (2006).
719:
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875:"Bounce house injuries are skyrocketing"
430:incident at the Hillcrest Primary School
335:A child-sized inflatable obstacle course
1551:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1330:"Bouncy castle death 'tragic accident'"
1293:
1291:
461:
182:, 'The Moon Walk', a closed inflatable
16:Temporary inflatable structure for play
885:from the original on 19 September 2021
854:from the original on 28 September 2021
798:from the original on November 24, 2020
767:from the original on December 27, 2019
673:from the original on November 27, 2020
357:popular and provide the perimeter for
1603:Juanola, Marta Pascual (2021-12-19).
1555:from the original on 19 December 2021
1419:. Dungarvan, Co. Waterford, Ireland:
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523:from the original on October 26, 2020
511:Santhanam, Laura (October 20, 2015).
451:List of inflatable manufactured goods
109:An inflatable shaped like an elephant
7:
1387:Topping, Alexandra (1 August 2008).
1126:from the original on October 7, 2021
915:from the original on 6 February 2018
724:Merlin, Lalla (September 23, 2019).
1340:from the original on 28 August 2007
1244:from the original on July 13, 2017
1232:Leamy, Elisabeth (July 13, 2017).
1159:from the original on April 1, 2019
1085:Easton, Kaitlin (9 January 2020).
755:Borresen, Kelsey (April 4, 2019).
583:Irish Inflatable Hirers Federation
385:Consumer Product Safety Commission
372:Consumer Product Safety Commission
243:Inflatable bouncy houses, slides,
14:
1310:from the original on 1 April 2019
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842:Fifield, Jen (30 October 2017).
831:from the original on 2020-11-04.
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1615:from the original on 2021-12-19
1585:from the original on 2021-12-16
1498:from the original on 7 May 2017
1445:Veskioja, Risto (5 July 2015).
1427:from the original on 2012-10-24
1097:from the original on 2021-10-16
1067:from the original on 2021-10-16
1038:from the original on 2021-10-15
1009:from the original on 2021-10-16
618:from the original on 2021-01-17
589:from the original on 2020-09-27
579:"The History of Bouncy Castles"
559:from the original on 2021-03-20
1:
1699:Inflatable manufactured goods
850:. The PEW Charitable Trusts.
817:Tyko, Kelly (April 1, 2020).
786:Beggs, Alex (July 30, 2020).
661:Gerst, Ellen (May 23, 2019).
577:Frawley, Gerry (2016-04-07).
547:Lipinski, Jed (23 May 2014).
477:. Everything Books. pp.
87:closed inflatable trampolines
1178:"Inflatable Amusement Rides"
229:, a basketball court, and a
117:A "Catch A Wave" inflatable
21:Bouncy Castle (cryptography)
327:Inflatable obstacle courses
1725:
1486:Oms, Javier (7 May 2017).
1415:Byrne, Amy (16 May 2011).
1359:Pibb, Helen (9 May 2008).
905:"Chapter 95 - Article 14B"
18:
1609:The Sydney Morning Herald
971:"NC Department of Labor"
935:"NC Department of Labor"
697:The Big Bounce America
636:Cherry, Robin (2008).
336:
315:
160:, The Fun Factory, in
121:
110:
39:
1155:. November 26, 2012.
1120:The Summit Daily News
334:
305:
215:multimedia franchises
116:
108:
95:inflatable structures
37:
1685:at Wikimedia Commons
1061:Lancashire Telegraph
909:www.ncga.state.nc.us
29:Bouncy house (music)
1304:The Washington Post
1238:The Washington Post
1034:. 15 October 2021.
1336:. 8 January 2004.
1276:on August 31, 2015
1183:2011-04-29 at the
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316:
122:
111:
43:Inflatable castles
40:
1681:Media related to
1091:Press and Journal
1063:. 20 April 2021.
1032:Salisbury Journal
1005:. 9 August 2021.
253:social distancing
249:COVID-19 pandemic
209:, and characters
138:Tulane University
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38:A bouncy castle
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1652:. 2022-01-11.
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1581:. 2021-12-16.
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