807:, merchandising is the practice of making products in retail outlets available to consumers, primarily by stocking shelves and displays. While this used to be done exclusively by the stores' employees, many retailers have found substantial savings in requiring it to be done by the manufacturer, vendor, or wholesaler that provides the products to the retail store. In the United Kingdom, there are a number of organizations that supply merchandising services to support retail outlets with general stock replenishment and merchandising support in new stores. By doing this, retail stores have been able to substantially reduce the number of employees needed to run the store.
717:. The concept theorizes that even without the acknowledgement of the brand being promoted on the merchandise, the individual utilizing it is affected in their future actions as a consumer. Furthermore, a 2019 study found that the tactile usage of the products produced a greater response in consumers than a solely visual interaction with a product such as posters. This study concluded that considering allotting a greater sum of money to smaller pieces of merchandising that promote a brand would benefit newer companies that have yet to become quickly recognizable.
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manufacturer's/wholesaler's employee who is a full-time merchandiser. Product categories where this is common are
Beverage (all types, alcoholic and non-alcoholic), packaged baked goods (bread and pastries), magazines and books, and health and beauty products. For major food manufacturers in the beverage and baked goods industries, their merchandisers are often the single largest employee group within the company. For nationwide branded goods manufacturers such as
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840:. The combination of both options for consumers provides a favorable encounter with retailers that makes them more likely to purchase products and return to the seller again at a future date. However, these strategies can be difficult for sellers to maintain as it can require many more physical and technical resources that may not be currently available to them.
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598:) often being marketed as "dads and grads" in June (though most college semesters end in May; the grads portion usually refers to high school graduation, which occurs one to two weeks after Father's Day in many U.S. states). Summer merchandise is next, including patriotic-themed products with the American flag, placed on the market by
642:(and often even more of the Christmas) merchandise is appearing. As the Halloween decorations and costumes dwindle in October, Christmas is already being pushed on consumers, and by the day after Halloween retailers are going full-force with advertising, even though the "official" season does not start until
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states, "Beatrix Potter was the first to recognise that content—as we now call the stuff that makes up a book or a film—was only the beginning. In 1903, Peter hopped outside his pages to become a patented soft toy, which gave him the distinction of being not only Mr. McGregor‘s mortal enemy, but also
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The trend of stocking stores with merchandise many weeks prior to the actual event targeted and the period of consumption can be described by the term advance selling. Although it may seem disadvantageous for sellers, advance selling can have the opposite effect. For example, this practice works to
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Merchandising helps to understand the ordinary dating notation for the terms of payment of an invoice. Codified discounting solves pricing problems including markups and markdowns. It helps to find the net price of an item after single or multiple trade discounts and can calculate a single discount
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While stocking shelves and building displays is often done when the product is delivered, it is increasingly a separate activity from delivering the product. In grocery stores, for example, almost all products delivered directly to the store from a manufacturer or wholesaler will be stocked by the
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in which potential sizing issues can be a large factor in a customer refraining from purchasing an item online. Moreover, accurately portraying the texture and quality of a product in all areas of retail, not limited to fashion, remains a challenge in the field of online merchandising as the lack
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As promotional merchandise acquires a larger portion of companies' annual budgets, its appearance in the hands of unintended recipients increases. However, this has been found to generate a positive outcome for companies without any additional effort after producing the merchandise because of the
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thereof has been proven to result in more indecision for consumers. Because of this, many companies look for ways to improve their online shopping options to make browsing merchandise as similar to an in-store experience as possible while keeping up with the growing online market.
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Merchandising, especially in connection with child-oriented films, TV shows and literature, often consists of toys made in the likeness of the show or book's characters (action figures) or items which they use. This was first seen with the Peter Rabbit soft toy in 1903, with the
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Sometimes merchandising from a television show can grow far beyond the original show, even lasting decades after the show has largely disappeared from popularity. In other cases, large amounts of merchandise can be generated from a pitifully small amount of source material
382:, physical presentation of products and displays, and the decisions about which products should be presented to which customers at what time. Often in a retail setting, creatively tying in related products or accessories is a great way to entice consumers to purchase more.
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brand names, logos, or character images are licensed to manufacturers of products such as toys or clothing, which then make items in or emblazoned with the image of the license, hoping they'll sell better than the same item with no such image. For the owners of the IP
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which bring products from the possession of the producer into the possession of the consumer. In recent decades, these methods utilized by companies to provide merchandise have expanded from in-person only, to online-only for some stores during the
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A challenge that online retailers face in comparison to the traditional in-store shopping experience is the sensory exploration that isn't available to consumers through a screen. An area this is especially prevalent in is clothing or fashion
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The annual cycle of merchandising differs between countries and even within them, particularly relating to cultural customs like holidays, and seasonal issues like climate and local sporting and recreation. Events such as
875:) in question, merchandising is a very popular source of revenue, due to the low cost of letting a third party manufacture the merchandise, while the IP owners collect the merchandising (royalty) fees.
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A smaller niche in merchandising is the marketing of more adult-oriented products in connection with similarly adult-oriented films and TV shows. This is common especially with the
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is the major holiday, while springtime clothing and garden-related merchandise is already arriving at stores, often as early as mid-winter (toward the beginning of this section,
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of non-media products can achieve enough recognition and respect that simply putting its name or images on a completely unrelated item can sell that item. An example is
355:. At a retail in-store level, merchandising refers to displaying products that are for sale in a creative way that entices customers to purchase more items or products.
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1032:("idols"). Consumption of idol goods is a significant part of the idol fandom. Such goods create and reinforce a more physical connection between fans and celebrities.
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celebration is held around this time.) The back-to-school market is promoted heavily in August, when there are no holidays to promote. By
September, particularly after
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McVeigh, Brian J. (2006). "Reviewed Work: Islands of Eight
Million Smiles: Idol Performance and Symbolic Production in Contemporary Japan by Hiroshi Aoyagi".
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McVeigh, Brian J. (2006). "Reviewed work: Islands of Eight
Million Smiles: Idol Performance and Symbolic Production in Contemporary Japan, Hiroshi Aoyagi".
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can be considered an idol good themselves as they can be bought and sold. An idol can have a tremendous effect on sales of merchandise, an example being
987:). An early example of this phenomenon was the cartoon character Little Lulu, who became licensed to products for adults, such as Kleenex facial tissue.
1347:"Seeing It Is Like Touching It: Unraveling the Effective Product Presentations on Online Apparel Purchase Decisions and Brain Activity (An fMRI Study)"
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rate that is equivalent to a series of multiple discounts. Further, it helps to calculate the amount of cash discount for which a payment qualifies.
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upon his arrival at Real Madrid in 2003, with an Adidas spokesman stating, "Put
Beckham's name on any product and Real Madrid didn't stop selling".
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were pioneers in conventional retailing in music, setting up their own retail store in London, Apple
Boutique, that sold Beatles merchandise.
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866:, one of the definitions of merchandising is the practice in which the brand or image from one product or service is used to sell another.
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is a classical merchandising article employed by a broad range of entities from very small businesses up to multinational companies like
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counteract a lack of abundant capacity in stores during prime seasons and a lack of value in premature products.
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As just one example, in the United States the basic retail cycle begins in early
January with merchandise for
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Jai, Tun-Min (Catherine); Fang, Dan; Bao, Forrest S.; James, Russell N.; Chen, Tianwen; Cai, Weidong (2021).
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magazine stating
Beatrix Potter "created a system that continues to benefit all licensed characters, from
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Schrotenboer, Dana; Constantinides, Efthymios; Herrando, Carolina; de Vries, Sjoerd (2022-03-24).
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might instead carry beach clothing and barbecue grills all year. Coastal-area stores might carry
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merchandise, including green items and products pertaining to Irish culture, is also promoted).
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Islands of eight million smiles: idol performance and symbolic production in contemporary Japan
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Patrick W. Galbraith (31 August 2012). Patrick W. Galbraith; Jason G. Karlin (eds.).
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are incorporated in an annual cycle of shop decorations and merchandise promotion.
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Solem, Birgit
Andrine Apenes; Fredriksen, Jan Ivar; Sørebø, Øystein (2023-01-02).
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in London, making Peter the oldest licensed fictional character. Erica Wagner of
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Merchandising for children is most prominently seen in connection with
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begin even before
Christmas at many retailers, though others begin on
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The most common adult-oriented merchandising is that related to
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26:"Merchandise" redirects here. For the more general concept, see
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Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research
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International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management
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commerce, visual display merchandising means merchandise
1639:"Beckham-mania in China on Real Madrid's 2003 Asia tour"
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Kamleitner, Bernadette; Marckhgott, Eva (2021-10-03).
1453:"How Beatrix Potter Invented Character Merchandising"
33:"Merch" redirects here. For the US Army officer, see
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
1051:), key chains, lapel pins, and various other goods.
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of school supplies is marked-down some as well, and
570:sales are held shortly thereafter. Following this,
234:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1117: – Theft of goods from a retail establishment
1047:, calendars, telephone cards, T-shirts (see also
836:, to a mixture of both, sometimes referred to as
347:is any practice which contributes to the sale of
1084: – Products distributed to promote a brand
1669:"The Rolling Stones Roll Into Rock And Retail"
1397:ABC News: Coffins bearing baseball team logos.
1544:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture
1517:Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture
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1420:"Peter Rabbit blazed a trail still well trod"
479:The examples and perspective in this article
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922:, usually those in current release and with
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553:theme to mark the release of the 2014 film
434:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
74:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1729:Procter&Gamble merchandising standards
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1121:List of highest-grossing media franchises
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517:Learn how and when to remove this message
454:Learn how and when to remove this message
312:Learn how and when to remove this message
294:Learn how and when to remove this message
192:Learn how and when to remove this message
130:Learn how and when to remove this message
1483:""Marge and Lulu: The Art of the Deal,"
906:becoming the first licensed character".
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1141:"Advance Selling in Marketing Channels"
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19:For the play by David Henry Hwang, see
1754:Promotion and marketing communications
1679:from the original on 28 September 2021
1035:Examples of common idol goods include
661:but sometimes as far out as February.
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1203:International Journal of Advertising
757:adding citations to reliable sources
704:gear if there are ski areas nearby.
432:adding citations to reliable sources
232:adding citations to reliable sources
1649:from the original on 3 October 2021
1547:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 197.
1520:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 216.
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1707:. Harvard University Asia Center.
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878:In 1903, a year after publishing
668:Merchandising also varies within
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1105: – Small mechanical device
657:and continue on at least until
219:needs additional citations for
63:or discuss these issues on the
1139:Li, Krista J.; Li, Xi (2022).
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881:The Tale of Peter Rabbit
545:Christmas shopwindow at
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813:The Coca-Cola Company
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753:improve this section
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499:create a new article
491:improve this article
481:may not represent a
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21:Merchandising (play)
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1062:In the 1960s
1060:
1058:
1057:David Beckham
1054:
1053:Virtual idols
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:compact discs
1038:
1033:
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897:Patent Office
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738:This section
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691:
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683:
679:
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670:retail chains
666:
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645:
644:the day after
641:
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418:
413:This section
411:
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401:
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389:
387:
383:
381:
377:
373:
370:, selection,
369:
365:
361:
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345:Merchandising
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331:
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316:
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298:
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287:
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248:
245: –
244:
240:
239:Find sources:
233:
229:
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217:This article
215:
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185:
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22:
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1683:28 September
1681:. Retrieved
1672:
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1642:
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1573:
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1495:. Retrieved
1491:the original
1484:
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1456:
1432:. Retrieved
1423:
1392:
1381:. Retrieved
1354:
1350:
1340:
1313:
1309:
1299:
1288:. Retrieved
1258:(1): 21–38.
1255:
1251:
1241:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1148:
1144:
1134:
1061:
1045:photo albums
1034:
1025:
1021:
1020:
990:Sometimes a
989:
979:
966:
959:
946:
942:Harry Potter
938:Mickey Mouse
931:
928:
913:
900:
890:Peter Rabbit
879:
877:
861:
847:
826:
809:
805:supply chain
802:
775:
766:
751:Please help
739:
711:
702:snowboarding
690:water skiing
678:snow blowers
676:might carry
667:
663:
649:. Christmas
647:Thanksgiving
622:. (Often, a
600:Memorial Day
584:Father's Day
580:Mother's Day
561:
554:
528:
513:
504:
480:
450:
441:
426:Please help
414:
384:
357:
351:to a retail
344:
343:
308:
290:
281:
271:
264:
257:
250:
238:
226:Please help
221:verification
218:
188:
179:
156:
126:
120:October 2018
117:
110:Please help
106:
95:
71:
64:
58:
57:Please help
54:
1457:Smithsonian
1115:Shoplifting
1064:The Beatles
1030:celebrities
933:Smithsonian
868:Trademarked
698:snow skiing
380:discounting
114:if you can.
1738:Categories
1497:2013-03-22
1487:#15, 2009"
1383:2023-04-01
1290:2023-04-01
1183:2023-04-01
1127:References
1037:stationery
1022:Idol goods
1002:Idol goods
985:model kits
924:television
920:videogames
799:in Chicago
769:March 2021
715:persuasion
588:graduation
556:Paddington
547:Selfridges
444:March 2015
330:coffee mug
284:April 2024
254:newspapers
182:March 2021
166:improve it
60:improve it
1653:3 October
1625:145544468
1467:6 October
1434:6 October
1424:The Times
1373:224961703
1357:: 66–79.
1332:0718-1876
1280:251420060
1272:0959-0552
1233:234258933
1225:0265-0487
1173:257154273
1165:0022-2437
950:Mashimaro
902:The Times
864:marketing
858:Licensing
797:Walgreens
740:does not
640:Halloween
636:overstock
628:Labor Day
495:talk page
415:does not
372:packaging
170:verifying
66:talk page
1677:Archived
1647:Archived
1617:25064662
1582:25064662
1461:Archived
1428:Archived
1400:Archived
1377:Archived
1284:Archived
1177:Archived
1070:See also
1017:, London
910:Children
893:soft toy
632:closeout
618:stores,
608:Flag Day
489:You may
353:consumer
349:products
96:require
1039:items,
817:PepsiCo
803:In the
761:removed
746:sources
682:Florida
674:Buffalo
436:removed
421:sources
376:pricing
268:scholar
164:Please
98:cleanup
1711:
1673:Forbes
1623:
1615:
1580:
1551:
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1371:
1330:
1278:
1270:
1231:
1223:
1171:
1163:
1109:Tie-in
1103:Gadget
981:Gundam
976:genres
973:horror
851:retail
606:(with
572:Easter
366:using
360:retail
270:
263:
256:
249:
241:
1643:Marca
1621:S2CID
1613:JSTOR
1578:JSTOR
1369:S2CID
1276:S2CID
1229:S2CID
1169:S2CID
992:brand
956:Adult
916:films
594:like
497:, or
364:sales
275:JSTOR
261:books
1709:ISBN
1685:2021
1655:2021
1549:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1469:2022
1436:2022
1328:ISSN
1268:ISSN
1221:ISSN
1161:ISSN
971:and
918:and
815:and
744:any
742:cite
700:and
684:and
634:and
582:and
534:and
419:any
417:cite
247:news
1605:doi
1359:doi
1318:doi
1260:doi
1211:doi
1153:doi
1024:or
952:).
940:to
862:In
755:by
430:by
358:In
334:IBM
230:by
168:by
1740::
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1671:.
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1641:.
1619:.
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1599:.
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1572:.
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1459:.
1455:.
1444:^
1426:.
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1375:.
1367:.
1355:53
1353:.
1349:.
1326:.
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1312:.
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1266:.
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1607::
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1500:.
1471:.
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1386:.
1361::
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1320::
1293:.
1262::
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1186:.
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