3858:
279:, allowing a substance to be delivered directly into the bloodstream. An intravenous injection provides the quickest onset of the desired effects because the substance immediately enters the blood, and is quickly circulated to the rest of the body. Because the substance is administered directly into the bloodstream, there is no delay in the onset of effects due to the absorption of the substance into the bloodstream. This type of injection is the most common and is used frequently for administration of medications in an inpatient setting.
444:, and is generally only considered once multiple attempts at intravenous access have failed, as it is a more invasive method of administration than an IV. With the exception of occasional differences in the accuracy of blood tests when drawn from an intraosseous line, it is considered to be equivalent in efficacy to IV access. It is most commonly used in emergency situations where there is not ample time to repeatedly attempt to obtain IV access, or in younger people for whom obtaining IV access is more difficult.
416:, the layer of skin above the subcutaneous fat layer, but below the epidermis or top layer. An intradermal injection is administered with the needle placed almost flat against the skin, at a 5 to 15 degree angle. Absorption from an intradermal injection takes longer than when the injection is given intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. For this reason, few medications are administered intradermally. Intradermal injections are most commonly used for sensitivity tests, including
3492:
221:
398:
38:
736:
medication, instead a new needle should be used each time the container must be pierced. Aseptic technique should always be practiced when administering injections. This includes the use of barriers including gloves, gowns, and masks for health care providers. It also requires the use of a new, sterile needle, syringe and other equipment for each injection, as well as proper training to avoid touching non-sterile surfaces with sterile items.
3965:
204:, especially in less-developed countries. To combat this, safety syringes exist which contain features to prevent accidental needlestick injury and reuse of the syringe after it is used once. Furthermore, recreational drug users who use injections to administer the drugs commonly share or reuse needles after an injection. This has led to the development of needle exchange programs and safe injection sites as a
4205:
3486:
4027:
577:, that deposits a drug in a localized mass, called a depot, from which it is gradually absorbed by surrounding tissue. Such injection allows the active compound to be released in a consistent way over a long period. Depot injections are usually either oil-based or an aqueous suspension. Depot injections may be available as certain salt forms of a drug, such as
3731:
816:
may also provide medications such as naloxone, used as an antidote in opioid overdose situations, or other antidotes or emergency care. Safe injection site have been associated with lower rates of death from overdose, less ambulance calls, and lower rates of new HIV infections from unsafe needle practices.
815:
and needle exchange programs, which may be offered separately or colocated. These programs may provide new sterile needles upon request to mitigate infection risk, and some also provide access to on-site clinicians and emergency medical care if it becomes required. In the event of an overdose, a site
730:
Proper needle use is important to perform injections safely, which includes the use of a new, sterile needle for each injection. This is partly because needles get duller with each use and partly because reusing needles increases risk of infection. Needles should not be shared between people, as this
435:
An intraosseous injection or infusion is the act of administering medication through a needle inserted into the bone marrow of a large bone. This method of administration is only used when it is not possible to maintain access through a less invasive method such as an intravenous line, either due to
260:
Many injections are designed to administer a medication which has an effect throughout the body. Systemic injections may be used when a person cannot take medicine by mouth, or when the medication itself would not be absorbed into circulation from the gastrointestinal tract. Medications administered
735:
pathogens. The practice of using the same needle for multiple people increases the risk of disease transmission between people sharing the same medication. In addition, it is not recommended to reuse a used needle to pierce a medication bag, bottle, or ampule designed to provide multiple doses of a
635:
of the skin while giving the injection. Some studies also suggest that forced coughing during an injection stimulates a transient rise in blood pressure which inhibits the perception of pain. For some injections, especially deeper injections, a local anesthetic is given. When giving an injection to
630:
The act of piercing the skin with a needle, while necessary for an injection, also may cause localized pain. The most common technique to reduce the pain of an injection is simply to distract the person receiving the injection. Pain may be dampened by prior application of ice or topical anesthetic,
420:
and allergy tests, as well as sensitivity tests to medications a person has never had before. The reactions caused by tests which use intradermal injection are more easily seen due to the location of the injection, and when positive will present as a red or swollen area. Common sites of intradermal
664:
are inadvertently introduced into the tissues of the body during an injection. Contamination of the needle used for injection, or reuse of needles for injections in multiple people, can lead to transmission of hepatitis B and C, HIV, and other bloodstream infections. Injection drug users have high
346:
Subcutaneous injections, abbreviated as SC or sub-Q, consist of injecting a substance via a needle under the skin. Absorption of the medicine from this tissue is slower than in an intramuscular injection. Since the needle does not need to penetrate to the level of the muscle, a thinner and shorter
188:
before, during, or after an injection. To prevent the localized pain that occurs with injections the injection site may be numbed or cooled before injection and the person receiving the injection may be distracted by a conversation or similar means. To reduce the risk of infection from injections,
783:
filled should be sealed properly to prevent re-opening or accidental opening during transportation. Some locations offer publicly accessible "sharps take-back" programs where a sharps container may be dropped off to a public location for safe disposal at no fee to the person. In addition, some
743:
and needle may be used. The most basic reuse prevention device is an "auto-disable" plunger, which once pressed past a certain point will no longer retract. Another common safety feature is an auto-retractable needle, where the needle is spring-loaded and either retracts into the syringe after
243:
Injections are classified in multiple ways, including the type of tissue being injected into, the location in the body the injection is designed to produce effects, and the duration of the effects. Regardless of classification, injections require a puncture to be made, thus requiring
697:
Injections into the skin and soft tissue generally do not cause any permanent damage, and the puncture heals within a few days. However, in some cases, injections can cause long-term adverse effects. Intravenous and intramuscular injections may cause damage to a nerve, leading to
534:, and the effects may last for up to 6 months following a single injection. Hyaluronic acid injection is used to supplement the body's natural synovial fluid and decrease the friction and stiffness of the joint. Administering a joint injection generally involves the use of an
607:
Injections may also be used to insert a solid or semi-solid into the body which releases a medication slowly over time. These implants are generally designed to be temporary, replaceable, and ultimately removed at the end of their use or when replaced. There are multiple
175:
to the body, and thus may cause localized pain or infection. The occurrence of these side effects varies based on injection location, the substance injected, needle gauge, procedure, and individual sensitivity. Rarely, more serious side effects including gangrene,
452:
Injections may be performed into specific parts of the body when the medication's effects are desired to be limited to a specific location, or where systemic administration would produce undesirable side effects which may be avoided by a more directed injection.
546:
Long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of medications are not intended to have a rapid effect, but instead release a medication at a predictable rate continuously over a period of time. Both depot injections and solid injectable implants are used to increase
952:
species, also called stinging trees, use their trichomes to inject a mix of neurotoxic peptides which causes a reaction similar to the stinging nettle, but also may result in recurring flares for a much longer period after the injection. While some plants have
819:
As of 2024, at least ten countries currently offer safe injection sites, including
Australia, Canada, the United States, Denmark, France, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain and Switzerland. In total, there are at least 120 sites operating.
347:
needle can be used. Subcutaneous injections may be administered in the fatty tissue behind the upper arm, in the abdomen, or in the thigh. Certain medications, including epinephrine, may be used either intramuscularly or subcutaneously. Others, such as
665:
rates of unsafe needle use including sharing needles between people. The spread of HIV, Hepatitis B, and
Hepatitis C from injection drug use is a common health problem, in particular contributing to over half of new HIV cases in North America in 1994.
3130:"Description of an injury in a human caused by a false tocandira (Dinoponera gigantea, Perty, 1833) with a revision on folkloric, pharmacological and clinical aspects of the giant ants of the genera Paraponera and Dinoponera (sub-family Ponerinae)"
616:
for the treatment of opioid dependence is also available as an injectable implant. Various materials can be used to manufacture implants including biodegradable polymers, osmotic release systems, and small spheres which dissolve in the body.
668:
Other infections may occur when pathogens enter the body through the injection site, most commonly due to improper cleaning of the site before injection. Infections occurring in this way are mainly localized infections, including
522:(or intra-articular injection) may be administered into the articular space surrounding the joint. These injections can range from a one-time dose of a steroid to help with pain and inflammation to complete replacement of the
436:
frequent loss of access due to a collapsed vessel, or due to the difficulty of finding a suitable vein to use in the first place. Intraosseous access is commonly obtained by inserting a needle into the bone marrow of the
2206:
Fischer B, Murphy Y, Rudzinski K, MacPherson D (January 2016). "Illicit drug use and harms, and related interventions and policy in Canada: A narrative review of select key indicators and developments since 2000".
784:
pharmaceutical and independent companies provide mail-back sharps programs, sometimes for an additional fee. In the United States, there are 39 states that offer programs to provide needle or syringe exchange.
464:, may be used to treat conditions which are localized to the penis. They can be self-administered for erectile dysfunction prior to intercourse or used in a healthcare setting for emergency treatment for a
3403:
286:
and may provide all or only part of a person's nutritional requirements. Parenteral nutrition may be pre-mixed or customized for a person's specific needs. Intravenous injections may also be used for
748:
recommends the use of single-use syringes with both reuse prevention devices and a needlestick injury prevention mechanism for all injections to prevent accidental injury and disease transmission.
515:
drop to dilate the pupil. They are commonly used in lieu of systemic administration to both increase the concentrations present in the eye, as well as avoid systemic side effects of medications.
193:
should be followed to clean the injection site before administration. If needles or syringes are reused between people, or if an accidental needlestick occurs, there is a risk of transmission of
744:
injection, or into a plastic sheath on the side of the syringe. Other safety syringes have an attached sheath which may be moved to cover the end of the needle after the injection is given. The
2918:"A Severe Accident Caused by an Ocellate River Stingray (Potamotrygon motoro) in Central Brazil: How Well Do We Really Understand Stingray Venom Chemistry, Envenomation, and Therapeutics?"
883:
after attaching to prevent blood from clotting during feeding. This property of leeches has been used historically as a natural form of anticoagulation therapy, as well as for the use of
511:. An intravitreal injection is performed by injecting a medication through the pupil into the vitreous humor core of the eye after applying a local anesthetic drop to numb the eye and a
803:
The aspiration is the technique of pulling back on the plunger of a syringe prior to the actual injection. If blood flows into the syringe it signals that a blood vessel has been hit.
320:
muscles. Medical professionals are trained to give IM injections, but people who are not medical professionals can also be trained to administer medications like epinephrine using an
852:
is a type of fish which has venomous spines covering its fins and gills and injects a venom consisting of proteins which cause a severe local reaction which is not life-threatening.
2242:
Des
Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Stoneburner RL (January 1988). "HIV infection and intravenous drug use: critical issues in transmission dynamics, infection outcomes, and prevention".
3396:
2649:
1076:"A cost-effectiveness analysis of continuous subcutaneous insulin injection versus multiple daily injections in type 1 diabetes patients: a third-party US payer perspective"
718:
may also occur when a medication intended to be injected into a vein is inadvertently injected into surrounding tissues. Those who are afraid of needles may also experience
248:
environments and procedures to minimize the risk of introducing pathogens into the body. All injections are considered forms of parenteral administration, which avoids the
2569:
Cu, K., Bansal, R., Mitragotri, S. et al. Delivery
Strategies for Skin: Comparison of Nanoliter Jets, Needles and Topical Solutions. Ann Biomed Eng 48, 2028–2039 (2020).
2533:
208:
measure, which may provide new, sterile syringes and needles to discourage the reuse of syringes and needles. Used needles should ideally be placed in a purpose-made
3475:
3389:
282:
Another use for intravenous injections includes for the administration of nutrition to people who cannot get nutrition through the digestive tract. This is termed
97:. There are many types of injection, which are generally named after the body tissue the injection is administered into. This includes common injections such as
538:
or other live imaging technique to ensure the injection is administered in the desired location, as well as to reduce the risk of damaging surrounding tissues.
3328:
Bagella S, Filigheddu R, Benesperi R, Giordani P, Minuto L, Viciani D, et al. (2 January 2019). "Thorn, spine and prickle patterns in the
Italian flora".
1602:
Salonia A, Eardley I, Giuliano F, Hatzichristou D, Moncada I, Vardi Y, et al. (February 2014). "European
Association of Urology Guidelines on Priapism".
2599:"Sharps injury reduction: a six-year, three-phase study comparing use of a small patient-room sharps disposal container with a larger engineered container"
164:(or one-time) dose, but can also be used for continuous drug administration. After injection, a medication may be designed to be released slowly, called a
492:. The most common adverse effects of intercavernosal injections include fibrosis and pain, as well as hematomas or bruising around the injection site.
1640:
Duncan C, Omran GJ, Teh J, Davis NF, Bolton DM, Lawrentschuk N (June 2019). "Erectile dysfunction: a global review of intracavernosal injectables".
957:, these generally are not used for injection of any substance, but instead it is the act of piercing the skin which causes them to be a deterrent.
739:
To help prevent accidental needlestick injury to the person administering the injection, and prevent reuse of the syringe for another injection, a
1868:
93:
drug administration; it does not involve absorption in the digestive tract. This allows the medication to be absorbed more rapidly and avoid the
689:) if the injection site is not cleaned properly prior to insertion. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition which requires immediate treatment.
3024:
Mory RN, Mindell D, Bloom DA (July 2000). "The Leech and the
Physician: Biology, Etymology, and Medical Practice with Hirudinea medicinalis".
1901:
1848:
1480:
1132:
1331:
1204:
763:
to reduce the risk of accidental needle sticks and exposure to other people. In addition, a new sharps container should be begun once it is
261:
via a systemic injection will enter into blood circulation, either directly or indirectly, and thus will have an effect on the entire body.
612:
marketed for different active ingredients, as well as differing duration of action - most of these are injected under the skin. A form of
2535:
WHO guideline on the use of safety-engineered syringes for intramuscular, intradermal and subcutaneous injections in health care settings
3760:
1553:
2547:
674:
2445:
Schwamburger NT, Hancock RH, Chong CH, Hartup GR, Vandewalle KS (2012). "The rate of adverse events during IV conscious sedation".
2279:"Global burden of disease attributable to illicit drug use and dependence: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010"
856:
use their spinal blade to inject a protein-based venom which causes localized cell death but is not generally life-threatening.
1554:"Intraosseous vascular access in critically ill adults-a review of the literature: IO vascular access in critically ill adults"
811:
Due to the prevalence of unsafe injection practices, especially among injection drug users, many locations have begun offering
212:
which is safe and resistant to puncture. Some locations provide free disposal programs for such containers for their citizens.
3841:
1365:
922:
Plants may use a form of injection which is passive, where the injectee pushes themselves against the stationary needle. The
3857:
4343:
3938:
3781:
3181:"Poneratoxin, a neurotoxin from ant venom. Structure and expression in insect cells and construction of a bio-insecticide"
751:
Novel injection techniques include drug diffusion within the skin using needle-free micro-jet injection (NFI) technology.
1281:
Pieper B, Kirsner RS, Templin TN, Birk TJ (October 2007). "Injection drug use: an understudied cause of venous disease".
4312:
4274:
3617:
3433:
954:
4226:
2278:
586:
500:
325:
930:, or stinging hairs, over its leaves and stems which are used to inject a mix of irritating chemicals which includes
308:, where they are quickly absorbed by the blood vessels into systemic circulation. Common injection sites include the
1205:"Standardized versusindividually customized parenteral nutrition solutions: a comparison ofserum electrolyte values"
4254:
3823:
31:
4302:
4231:
3818:
3765:
3599:
2539:
812:
792:
745:
160:, but injection does not only refer to the act of inoculation. Injections generally administer a medication as a
110:
90:
909:
species, inject protein-based venom which causes severe pain but is still not life-threatening. The bullet ant (
706:. Injections also cause localized bleeding, which may lead to a hematoma. Intravenous injections may also cause
4221:
3595:
1777:
461:
126:
122:
4249:
4292:
4259:
4058:
3890:
3622:
3543:
3470:
3412:
574:
530:. The injection of a steroid into a joint is used to reduce inflammation associated with conditions such as
457:
313:
299:
225:
102:
4287:
4241:
4183:
4089:
3956:
3563:
3437:
2073:"Efficacy of sweet solutions for analgesia in infants between 1 and 12 months of age: a systematic review"
1475:(7th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 749, 788.
711:
566:
341:
229:
118:
114:
98:
636:
young children or infants, they may be distracted by giving them a small amount of sweet liquid, such as
4297:
4178:
3591:
609:
570:
430:
406:
392:
287:
237:
233:
220:
2277:
Degenhardt L, Whiteford HA, Ferrari AJ, Baxter AJ, Charlson FJ, Hall WD, et al. (November 2013).
2185:
1734:
Yaftali, Nina A.; Weber, Kathleen (1 January 2019). "Corticosteroids and
Hyaluronic Acid Injections".
840:, toxic proteins, and cytotoxic enzymes. Different species of snakes inject different formulations of
480:
are ineffective or contraindicated. Other medications may also be administered in this way, including
140:
each year. Of these, 95% are used in curative care or as treatment for a condition, 3% are to provide
132:
Injections are among the most common health care procedures, with at least 16 billion administered in
3987:
3905:
3850:
3770:
3755:
3558:
3274:
548:
504:
283:
2814:
4195:
3932:
3813:
3808:
3528:
3424:
2790:
2583:
2502:
732:
270:
201:
194:
3491:
1801:
Courtney P, Doherty M (April 2013). "Joint aspiration and injection and synovial fluid analysis".
1443:
1339:
4269:
4063:
4018:
3715:
3460:
3345:
3310:
3059:
2957:
2898:
2306:
2053:
1759:
1711:
1665:
1584:
1219:
1142:
986:
911:
602:
137:
133:
2698:
Sepah, Y.; Samad, L.; Altaf, A.; Halim, M. S.; Rajagopalan, N.; Javed Khan, A. (1 March 2017).
1020:
397:
37:
4119:
4114:
3952:
3693:
3455:
3302:
3243:
3202:
3161:
3110:
3051:
3006:
2949:
2890:
2855:
2772:
2731:
2628:
2543:
2481:
2454:
2427:
2409:
2370:
2329:
2298:
2259:
2224:
2143:
2094:
2045:
2001:
1950:
1897:
1844:
1818:
1751:
1703:
1657:
1619:
1576:
1534:
1476:
1412:
1298:
1263:
1185:
1128:
1097:
788:
368:
329:
249:
190:
149:
94:
82:
3261:
Gilding EK, Jami S, Deuis JR, Israel MR, Harvey PJ, Poth AG, et al. (1 September 2020).
3077:
Touchard A, Aili S, Fox E, Escoubas P, Orivel J, Nicholson G, et al. (20 January 2016).
1891:
351:, are almost exclusively injected subcutaneously. Live or attenuated vaccines, including the
4053:
3337:
3292:
3282:
3233:
3192:
3179:
Szolajska E, Poznanski J, Ferber ML, Michalik J, Gout E, Fender P, et al. (June 2004).
3151:
3141:
3100:
3090:
3041:
3033:
2996:
2988:
2939:
2929:
2882:
2847:
2762:
2721:
2711:
2618:
2610:
2417:
2401:
2390:"Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters"
2360:
2290:
2251:
2216:
2133:
2125:
2084:
2035:
1991:
1981:
1940:
1930:
1810:
1743:
1695:
1649:
1611:
1568:
1524:
1514:
1388:
1290:
1255:
1177:
1120:
1087:
981:
867:
use a stinger located in their hind region to inject a venom consisting of proteins such as
791:
report open burning of disposed or used syringes. This practice is considered unsafe by the
209:
161:
70:
2673:
2071:
Harrison D, Stevens B, Bueno M, Yamada J, Adams-Webber T, Beyene J, Ohlsson A (June 2010).
1246:
Schoener EP, Hopper JA, Pierre JD (September 2002). "Injection drug use in North
America".
3943:
3377:
FDA Center for Drug
Evaluation and Research Data Standards Manual: Route of Administration
1154:
1001:
923:
560:
527:
519:
469:
181:
165:
3381:
2674:"Supervised injection sites are coming to the United States. Here's what you should know"
2161:
2112:
Harrison D, Reszel J, Bueno M, Sampson M, Shah VS, Taddio A, et al. (October 2016).
252:
which would potentially affect a medication absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
3278:
2162:"CDC Grand Rounds: Preventing Unsafe Injection Practices in the U.S. Health-Care System"
828:
Many species of animals use injections for self-defence or catching prey. This includes
324:
in an emergency. Some depot injections are also administered intramuscularly, including
4004:
3964:
3637:
3297:
3262:
3105:
3078:
3001:
2976:
2944:
2917:
2767:
2750:
2726:
2699:
2623:
2598:
2422:
2389:
2138:
2113:
2040:
2023:
1996:
1969:
1945:
1918:
1529:
1502:
1049:
996:
991:
976:
966:
829:
740:
719:
710:, especially when multiple injections are given in a vein over a short period of time.
670:
640:
solution, or be comforted by breastfeeding during the injection, which reduces crying.
632:
531:
523:
496:
477:
376:
309:
185:
172:
74:
2294:
1259:
4337:
4213:
4147:
4069:
4038:
3803:
3632:
3314:
3197:
3180:
2024:"Reducing venipuncture pain by a cough trick: a randomized crossover volunteer study"
1917:
Ramdhan RC, Simonds EA, Wilson C, Loukas M, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS (31 January 2018).
1117:
Handbook of Basic Pharmacokinetics … Including Clinical Applications, Seventh Edition
1092:
1075:
939:
876:
845:
715:
613:
578:
508:
412:
Intradermal injections, abbreviated as ID, consist of a substance delivered into the
317:
205:
4204:
3365:
3349:
3146:
3129:
3063:
2961:
2902:
2310:
2057:
1763:
1715:
1669:
4188:
4124:
4109:
4084:
3922:
3642:
3485:
3370:
2405:
2129:
1588:
971:
884:
760:
485:
417:
328:
among others. In addition to medications, most inactivated vaccines, including the
321:
141:
3341:
2716:
1361:
946:
which is characterized by a stinging, burning, and itching sensation in the area.
2220:
1699:
1615:
1470:
1433:
EpiPen/EpiPen Jr (epinephrine) . Morgantown, WV: Mylan Specialty LP; August 2018.
1294:
836:
into the skin with their fangs. Common substances present in snake venom include
4282:
4170:
4043:
3999:
3977:
3895:
3865:
3799:
3648:
3587:
3416:
3376:
1501:
Petitpas F, Guenezan J, Vendeuvre T, Scepi M, Oriot D, Mimoz O (December 2016).
948:
916:
896:
841:
703:
582:
473:
352:
157:
145:
106:
2255:
1814:
1653:
1124:
551:
to therapy by reducing the frequency at which a person must take a medication.
4166:
4137:
3697:
3671:
3533:
3238:
3221:
2992:
2886:
1747:
1519:
1181:
943:
919:
which causes extreme pain, fever, and cold sweats, and may cause arrhythmias.
905:
900:
837:
685:. An intravenous injection may also result in a bloodstream infection (termed
590:
535:
481:
402:
372:
62:
54:
2614:
2570:
2413:
2365:
2348:
304:
Intramuscular injections, abbreviated as IM, deliver a substance deep into a
275:
Intravenous injections, abbreviated as IV, involve inserting a needle into a
3776:
3666:
3518:
3508:
2324:
Polania Gutierrez JJ, Munakomi S (January 2020). "Intramuscular Injection".
2089:
2072:
1686:
Doshi RR, Bakri SJ, Fung AE (May 2011). "Intravitreal Injection Technique".
935:
931:
927:
892:
853:
833:
707:
657:
512:
503:, and may be used to treat endophthalmitis (an infection of the inner eye),
489:
4026:
3306:
3287:
3247:
3206:
3165:
3114:
3055:
3010:
2953:
2894:
2859:
2776:
2735:
2632:
2458:
2431:
2374:
2333:
2302:
2228:
2147:
2098:
2049:
2005:
1954:
1822:
1755:
1707:
1661:
1623:
1580:
1538:
1302:
1267:
1189:
1101:
468:
with an injection to either remove blood from the penis or to administer a
17:
3263:"Neurotoxic peptides from the venom of the giant Australian stinging tree"
3095:
3037:
2934:
2485:
2263:
184:, also called needle phobia, is also common and may result in anxiety and
4318:
4307:
4099:
4079:
4074:
4048:
3992:
3885:
3875:
3870:
3627:
3573:
3538:
3523:
3465:
3046:
2851:
2838:
Gold BS, Dart RC, Barish RA (1 August 2002). "Bites of venomous snakes".
2114:"Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period"
868:
682:
661:
495:
Medications may also be administered by injecting them directly into the
465:
380:
1986:
1935:
4104:
4033:
3972:
3917:
3912:
3880:
3720:
3676:
3553:
3156:
2700:"Aspiration in injections: should we continue or abandon the practice?"
1572:
880:
678:
437:
364:
356:
348:
245:
86:
1869:"Long-acting injectable antipsychotics: What to do about missed doses"
4094:
4014:
3927:
3747:
3658:
3548:
3513:
3500:
860:
849:
686:
413:
305:
177:
3730:
2472:
Hamilton JG (August 1995). "Needle phobia: a neglected diagnosis".
1172:. Special Issue: Pharmacology in 21st Century Biomedical Research.
844:, which may cause severe pain and necrosis before progressing into
3982:
3707:
3609:
3568:
3447:
2873:
Warrell DA (March 2019). "Venomous Bites, Stings, and Poisoning".
1472:
Fundamentals of nursing : the art and science of nursing care
872:
699:
637:
441:
396:
360:
219:
36:
1970:"Advances in the delivery of buprenorphine for opioid dependence"
472:
medication to reduce the erection. Intracavernosal injections of
30:
This article is about the medical procedure. For other uses, see
2582:
Rivas, David Fernandez; Galvez, Loreto Alejandra Oyarte (2020).
888:
276:
78:
3385:
2022:
Usichenko TI, Pavlovic D, Foellner S, Wendt M (February 2004).
1415:. MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine. 23 October 2021
3846:
3791:
2188:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019-04-26
1893:
Substance Use Disorders: A Guide for the Primary Care Provider
1446:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2017-09-01
1203:
Hayes EM, Cohen KR, Pinard BE, Lauletta J, Ruggiero R (2000).
864:
2388:
Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, Marsh N (23 January 2019).
895:
which include compounds which produce minor pain such as the
702:
or paralysis. Intramuscular injections may cause fibrosis or
4025:
3963:
3856:
2916:
da Silva NJ, Ferreira KR, Pinto RN, Aird SD (18 June 2015).
2644:
2642:
1552:
Joanne, Garside; Stephen, Prescott; Susan, Shaw (May 2016).
1503:"Use of intra-osseous access in adults: a systematic review"
759:
Used needles should be disposed of in specifically designed
2977:"Melittin, the Major Pain-Producing Substance of Bee Venom"
2186:"A patient Safety Threat – Syringe Reuse: Injection Safety"
722:
at the sight of a needle, or before or after an injection.
871:, which causes a localized painful and itching reaction.
1389:"Pinkbook: Vaccine Administration: Epidemiology of VPDs"
1168:
Fan J, de Lannoy IA (January 2014). "Pharmacokinetics".
476:
may be used by people for whom other treatments such as
1919:"Complications of Subcutaneous Contraception: A Review"
200:
Unsafe injection practices contribute to the spread of
3134:
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
3128:
Haddad Junior V, Cardoso JL, Moraes RH (August 2005).
581:
salts or esters. Examples of depot injections include
148:, and the rest are used for other purposes, including
109:
injections, as well as less common injections such as
1336:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
1074:
St Charles M, Lynch P, Graham C, Minshall ME (2009).
887:
as a treatment for various ailments. Some species of
77:) is the act of administering a liquid, especially a
1119:. The American Pharmacists Association. 2009-01-01.
915:) injects a venom which contains a neurotoxin named
41:
A syringe being prepared for injection of medication
4268:
4240:
4212:
4165:
4132:
4013:
3951:
3904:
3840:
3790:
3746:
3706:
3692:
3657:
3608:
3586:
3499:
3446:
3432:
3423:
2751:"Does evidence support supervised injection sites?"
1896:. Springer International Publishing. pp. 88–.
1803:Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
1391:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
224:Needle insertion angles for 4 types of injection:
2017:
2015:
81:, into a person's body using a needle (usually a
1318:Injection (Intramuscular): Clinician Information
518:When an effect is only required in one joint, a
3079:"The Biochemical Toxin Arsenal from Ant Venoms"
2749:Ng J, Sutherland C, Kolber MR (November 2017).
421:injections include the forearm and lower back.
1469:Taylor CR, Lillis C, LeMone P, Lynn P (2011).
1387:Wolicki E, Weinbaum C, Weaver D (2017-10-04).
1364:. United States Food and Drug Administration.
1115:"Chapter 6. Absorption/Transport Mechanisms".
3397:
1464:
1462:
1460:
863:also utilize injection for various purposes.
8:
1862:
1860:
903:subfamily. Other species of ants, including
2875:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
2394:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2118:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1968:Rosenthal RN, Goradia VV (28 August 2017).
1681:
1679:
1248:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
565:A depot injection is an injection, usually
4162:
3703:
3605:
3443:
3429:
3404:
3390:
3382:
2571:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02383-1
2497:
2495:
1635:
1633:
1496:
1494:
1492:
290:when a rapid onset of effects is desired.
168:, which can produce long-lasting effects.
3296:
3286:
3237:
3222:"Mechanism of action of stinging nettles"
3196:
3155:
3145:
3104:
3094:
3045:
3000:
2975:Jun G, Guan SM, Sun W, Fu H (June 2016).
2943:
2933:
2766:
2725:
2715:
2622:
2421:
2364:
2353:Journal of International Medical Research
2137:
2088:
2039:
1995:
1985:
1944:
1934:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1528:
1518:
1091:
2597:Grimmond T, Naisoro W (September 2014).
2527:
2525:
2523:
2209:The International Journal on Drug Policy
1044:
1042:
1040:
171:An injection necessarily causes a small
3226:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
2347:Jung Kim H, Hyun Park S (August 2014).
1362:"Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products"
1012:
332:vaccine, are given as an IM injection.
89:. An injection is considered a form of
1834:
1832:
1407:
1405:
1150:
1140:
899:, which is injected by members of the
2503:"Background | Injection Safety | CDC"
1890:H. Thomas Milhorn (17 October 2017).
1368:from the original on 16 November 2016
49:(often and usually referred to as a "
7:
1974:Drug Design, Development and Therapy
1241:
1239:
405:sensitivity test being administered
383:) are also injected subcutaneously.
156:is sometimes used synonymously with
3761:Heated humidified high-flow therapy
2840:The New England Journal of Medicine
1841:Long acting injections and implants
27:Method of medication administration
3220:Cummings AJ, Olsen M (June 2011).
2041:10.1213/01.ANE.0000094983.16741.AF
1218:(2): 78–80, 83, 87. Archived from
773:full. A sharps container which is
25:
2819:National Harm Reduction Coalition
2815:"Supervised Consumption Services"
2791:"Supervised Consumption Services"
1778:"MSK Ultrasound Guided Injection"
4203:
3729:
3490:
3484:
3198:10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04128.x
3185:European Journal of Biochemistry
2349:"Sciatic nerve injection injury"
2077:Archives of Disease in Childhood
1338:. April 23, 2015. Archived from
1093:10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00478.x
942:. This sting produces a form of
3147:10.1590/S0036-46652005000400012
2603:Journal of Infection Prevention
2034:(2): 343–5, table of contents.
731:increases risk of transmitting
2474:The Journal of Family Practice
2406:10.1002/14651858.CD007798.pub5
2244:Reviews of Infectious Diseases
2130:10.1002/14651858.cd011248.pub2
1839:Wright JC, Burgess DJ (2012).
1413:"Subcutaneous (SQ) injections"
1320:. The Joanna Briggs Institute.
499:of the eye. This is termed an
180:, and nerve damage may occur.
1:
3529:Effervescent powder or tablet
3342:10.1080/11263504.2018.1474961
2717:10.12688/f1000research.1113.3
2295:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61530-5
1867:Carpenter J, Wong KK (2018).
1260:10.1016/S0891-5520(02)00010-7
832:which inject venom when they
4313:Patient-controlled analgesia
3618:Orally disintegrating tablet
3366:Information about injections
2221:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.08.007
1700:10.3109/08820538.2010.541318
1616:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.11.008
1295:10.1001/archderm.143.10.1305
955:thorns, spines, and prickles
2654:www.nationwidechildrens.org
2650:"Sharps Containers at Home"
1444:"Administer the Vaccine(s)"
1056:. World Health Organization
848:and potentially death. The
587:medroxyprogesterone acetate
326:medroxyprogesterone acetate
197:such as HIV and hepatitis.
4360:
3824:Relative analgesia machine
1843:. New York, NY: Springer.
1815:10.1016/j.berh.2013.02.005
1736:Clinics in Sports Medicine
1654:10.1007/s00345-019-02727-5
1125:10.21019/9781582121260.ch6
813:supervised injection sites
600:
558:
428:
390:
339:
297:
268:
29:
4201:
3727:
3482:
3239:10.1016/j.wem.2011.01.001
2993:10.1007/s12264-016-0024-y
2887:10.1016/j.idc.2018.10.001
2755:Canadian Family Physician
2540:World Health Organization
1748:10.1016/j.csm.2018.08.006
1688:Seminars in Ophthalmology
1520:10.1186/s13054-016-1277-6
1182:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.007
793:World Health Organization
746:World Health Organization
675:skin structure infections
462:intracavernous injections
3413:Routes of administration
3026:World Journal of Surgery
2615:10.1177/1757177414543088
2366:10.1177/0300060514531924
2256:10.1093/clinids/10.1.151
2028:Anesthesia and Analgesia
1642:World Journal of Urology
1561:Nursing in Critical Care
1170:Biochemical Pharmacology
789:industrialized countries
755:Disposal of used needles
526:with a compound such as
3939:Extra-amniotic infusion
3544:Molecular encapsulation
3476:Osmotic delivery system
3471:Time release technology
2090:10.1136/adc.2009.174227
1283:Archives of Dermatology
300:Intramuscular injection
4242:Central nervous system
4030:
3968:
3896:Mucoadhesive microdisc
3861:
3288:10.1126/sciadv.abb8828
2584:"Jet injection system"
1879:(7): 10–12, 14–19, 56.
650:needle tract infection
610:contraceptive implants
501:intravitreal injection
409:
342:Subcutaneous injection
240:
138:transitional countries
42:
4085:Transfersome vesicles
4029:
3967:
3944:Intravesical infusion
3860:
3096:10.3390/toxins8010030
3038:10.1007/s002680010141
2981:Neuroscience Bulletin
2935:10.3390/toxins7062272
654:needlestick infection
583:haloperidol decanoate
460:of the penis, termed
431:Intraosseous infusion
418:tuberculin skin tests
400:
393:Intradermal injection
250:first pass metabolism
223:
40:
4344:Injection (medicine)
3771:Metered-dose inhaler
3756:Anesthetic vaporizer
2852:10.1056/NEJMra013477
2795:Drug Policy Alliance
1054:Health Topics A to Z
1025:Cambridge dictionary
505:macular degeneration
284:parenteral nutrition
4196:Transdermal implant
4156:(into tissue/blood)
3933:Intrauterine device
3814:Anaesthetic machine
3809:Oxygen concentrator
3279:2020SciA....6.8828G
1987:10.2147/DDDT.S72543
1936:10.7759/cureus.2132
1782:R3 Medical Training
807:Society and culture
271:Intravenous therapy
202:bloodborne diseases
195:bloodborne diseases
4308:Nanocell injection
4031:
3969:
3862:
3716:Dry-powder inhaler
1873:Current Psychiatry
1573:10.1111/nicc.12163
1254:(3): 535–51, vii.
1050:"Injection safety"
987:Needlestick injury
912:Paraponera clavata
824:Plants and animals
603:Implant (medicine)
466:prolonged erection
456:Injections to the
410:
288:recreational drugs
241:
150:blood transfusions
43:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4158:
4120:Transdermal spray
4115:Transdermal patch
4105:Medicated shampoo
3836:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3819:Medical inhalants
3766:Medical inhalants
3694:Respiratory tract
3688:
3687:
3582:
3581:
2447:General Dentistry
2289:(9904): 1564–74.
1903:978-3-319-63040-3
1850:978-1-4614-0554-2
1482:978-0-7817-9383-4
1134:978-1-58212-126-0
787:Over half of non-
761:sharps containers
660:that occurs when
458:corpus cavernosum
369:varicella vaccine
191:aseptic technique
95:first pass effect
83:hypodermic needle
16:(Redirected from
4351:
4207:
4163:
4154:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3704:
3633:Sublingual drops
3606:
3494:
3488:
3444:
3430:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3383:
3354:
3353:
3330:Plant Biosystems
3325:
3319:
3318:
3300:
3290:
3273:(38): eabb8828.
3267:Science Advances
3258:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3049:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2947:
2937:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2770:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2719:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2646:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2529:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2490:
2489:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2124:(10): CD011248.
2109:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2043:
2019:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1836:
1827:
1826:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1731:
1720:
1719:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1648:(6): 1007–1014.
1637:
1628:
1627:
1604:European Urology
1599:
1593:
1592:
1558:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1466:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1409:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1209:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1095:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1046:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1017:
982:Lethal injection
891:inject forms of
782:
781:
777:
772:
771:
767:
652:, also called a
314:vastus lateralis
210:sharps container
71:Scottish English
21:
4359:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4323:
4303:Intraperitoneal
4275:musculoskeletal
4273:
4264:
4236:
4232:Intra-articular
4208:
4199:
4159:
4153:
4152:
4128:
4009:
3947:
3900:
3845:
3828:
3786:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3684:
3653:
3578:
3495:
3489:
3480:
3434:Digestive tract
3419:
3410:
3362:
3357:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3191:(11): 2127–36.
3178:
3177:
3173:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3023:
3022:
3018:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2799:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2683:
2681:
2678:nursing.usc.edu
2672:
2671:
2667:
2658:
2656:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2531:
2530:
2521:
2512:
2510:
2501:
2500:
2493:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2400:(1): CD007798.
2387:
2386:
2382:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2021:
2020:
2013:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1866:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1733:
1732:
1723:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1500:
1499:
1490:
1483:
1468:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:Mann E (2016).
1315:
1314:
1310:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1149:
1139:
1135:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1080:Value in Health
1073:
1072:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1010:
963:
926:plant has many
924:stinging nettle
879:peptide called
830:venomous snakes
826:
809:
801:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
764:
757:
728:
695:
671:skin infections
646:
628:
623:
621:Adverse effects
605:
599:
563:
561:Depot injection
557:
544:
528:hyaluronic acid
520:joint injection
478:PDE5 inhibitors
470:sympathomimetic
450:
433:
427:
395:
389:
344:
338:
302:
296:
273:
267:
258:
218:
182:Fear of needles
166:depot injection
111:intraperitoneal
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4357:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4328:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4222:Intracavernous
4218:
4216:
4210:
4209:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4181:
4176:
4174:
4160:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4024:
4022:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4005:Nutrient enema
4002:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3962:
3960:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3855:
3853:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3796:
3794:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3701:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3663:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3441:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3361:
3360:External links
3358:
3356:
3355:
3336:(1): 118–133.
3320:
3253:
3212:
3171:
3140:(4): 235–238.
3120:
3069:
3032:(7): 878–883.
3016:
2987:(3): 265–272.
2967:
2928:(6): 2272–88.
2908:
2865:
2830:
2806:
2782:
2741:
2690:
2665:
2638:
2609:(5): 170–174.
2589:
2574:
2562:
2548:
2519:
2491:
2464:
2437:
2380:
2359:(4): 887–897.
2339:
2316:
2269:
2234:
2198:
2177:
2153:
2104:
2063:
2011:
1960:
1909:
1902:
1882:
1856:
1849:
1828:
1809:(2): 137–169.
1793:
1769:
1721:
1694:(3): 104–113.
1675:
1629:
1610:(2): 480–489.
1594:
1567:(3): 167–177.
1544:
1488:
1481:
1456:
1435:
1426:
1401:
1379:
1353:
1323:
1308:
1289:(10): 1305–9.
1273:
1235:
1195:
1160:
1133:
1107:
1066:
1036:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
997:Safety syringe
994:
992:Needle remover
989:
984:
979:
977:Injection port
974:
969:
967:Dart injection
962:
959:
875:can inject an
859:Some types of
825:
822:
808:
805:
800:
797:
756:
753:
741:safety syringe
727:
724:
694:
691:
645:
642:
627:
624:
622:
619:
601:Main article:
598:
595:
559:Main article:
556:
553:
543:
540:
532:osteoarthritis
524:synovial fluid
497:vitreous humor
449:
446:
429:Main article:
426:
423:
391:Main article:
388:
385:
377:zoster vaccine
340:Main article:
337:
334:
298:Main article:
295:
292:
269:Main article:
266:
263:
257:
254:
217:
214:
173:puncture wound
127:intracavernous
123:intraarticular
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4356:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4293:Intramuscular
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:Intracerebral
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4211:
4206:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4070:Iontophoresis
4068:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Topical cream
4037:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Nasal cannula
3801:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3732:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3121:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3047:2027.42/42411
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2846:(5): 347–56.
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2796:
2792:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2704:F1000Research
2701:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2551:
2549:9789241549820
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2480:(2): 169–75.
2479:
2475:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2453:(5): e341-4.
2452:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2199:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2083:(6): 406–13.
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1980:: 2493–2505.
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:Critical Care
1504:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1342:on 4 May 2015
1341:
1337:
1333:
1332:"Anaphylaxis"
1327:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1225:on 2011-07-15
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:(1): 93–120.
1175:
1171:
1164:
1161:
1156:
1144:
1136:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1086:(5): 674–86.
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1055:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1003:
1002:Trypanophobia
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
964:
960:
958:
956:
951:
950:
945:
941:
940:acetylcholine
937:
933:
929:
925:
920:
918:
914:
913:
908:
907:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:anticoagulant
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
855:
851:
847:
846:neurotoxicity
843:
839:
835:
831:
823:
821:
817:
814:
806:
804:
798:
796:
794:
790:
785:
762:
754:
752:
749:
747:
742:
737:
734:
725:
723:
721:
717:
716:extravasation
713:
709:
705:
701:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
643:
641:
639:
634:
625:
620:
618:
615:
614:buprenorphine
611:
604:
596:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:intramuscular
572:
568:
562:
554:
552:
550:
541:
539:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
509:macular edema
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
447:
445:
443:
439:
432:
424:
422:
419:
415:
408:
407:intradermally
404:
399:
394:
386:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
343:
335:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:ventrogluteal
315:
311:
307:
301:
294:Intramuscular
293:
291:
289:
285:
280:
278:
272:
264:
262:
255:
253:
251:
247:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:intramuscular
222:
215:
213:
211:
207:
206:public health
203:
198:
196:
192:
187:
183:
179:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
142:immunizations
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
103:intramuscular
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
39:
33:
19:
4298:Intraosseous
4288:Intracardiac
4227:Intravitreal
4189:Injector pen
4184:Subcutaneous
4155:
4142:
4125:Jet injector
4110:Dermal patch
3923:Vaginal ring
3891:Insufflation
3643:Effervescent
3417:dosage forms
3371:Merck Manual
3369:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3270:
3266:
3256:
3232:(2): 136–9.
3229:
3225:
3215:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3029:
3025:
3019:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2881:(1): 17–38.
2878:
2874:
2868:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2798:. Retrieved
2794:
2785:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2682:. Retrieved
2680:. 2019-05-02
2677:
2668:
2657:. Retrieved
2653:
2606:
2602:
2592:
2577:
2565:
2555:18 September
2553:. Retrieved
2534:
2532:WHO (2016).
2511:. Retrieved
2509:. 2019-06-20
2506:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2325:
2319:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2250:(1): 151–8.
2247:
2243:
2237:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2190:. Retrieved
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2031:
2027:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1929:(1): e2132.
1926:
1922:
1912:
1892:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1840:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1785:. Retrieved
1781:
1772:
1739:
1735:
1691:
1687:
1645:
1641:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1564:
1560:
1547:
1510:
1506:
1471:
1448:. Retrieved
1438:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1393:. Retrieved
1382:
1372:18 September
1370:. Retrieved
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1335:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1286:
1282:
1276:
1251:
1247:
1227:. Retrieved
1220:the original
1215:
1211:
1198:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1116:
1110:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1058:. Retrieved
1053:
1028:. Retrieved
1024:
1015:
972:Jet injector
947:
921:
910:
904:
885:bloodletting
858:
827:
818:
810:
802:
786:
758:
750:
738:
729:
712:Infiltration
696:
667:
653:
649:
647:
629:
606:
567:subcutaneous
564:
545:
517:
494:
486:phentolamine
455:
451:
434:
425:Intraosseous
411:
345:
336:Subcutaneous
322:autoinjector
303:
281:
274:
259:
242:
230:subcutaneous
199:
170:
153:
146:vaccinations
131:
129:injections.
119:intracardiac
115:intraosseous
99:subcutaneous
66:
58:
50:
46:
44:
4283:Intravenous
4270:Circulatory
4255:Intrathecal
4179:Intradermal
4171:transdermal
4138:Parenterals
4044:Topical gel
4000:Murphy drip
3978:Suppository
3866:Nasal spray
3800:Oxygen mask
3649:Chewing gum
3588:Oral mucosa
3157:11449/30504
2761:(11): 866.
2507:www.cdc.gov
2166:www.cdc.gov
1742:(1): 1–15.
1151:|work=
1021:"injection"
949:Dendrocnide
917:poneratoxin
897:formic acid
838:neurotoxins
733:blood-borne
704:contracture
571:intradermal
542:Long-acting
474:alprostadil
387:Intradermal
353:MMR vaccine
265:Intravenous
238:intradermal
234:intravenous
158:inoculation
152:. The term
107:intravenous
18:Injectables
4143:Injections
3906:Urogenital
3842:Ophthalmic
3698:inhalation
3672:Toothpaste
3600:sublingual
3564:Suspension
3534:Herbal tea
2824:2024-02-21
2800:2019-11-21
2684:2019-11-14
2659:2019-11-21
2538:. Geneva:
2513:2019-11-02
2326:StatPearls
2192:2019-10-23
2171:2019-10-22
1787:2021-05-25
1513:(1): 102.
1450:2017-11-15
1395:2017-10-30
1346:4 February
1229:2010-09-17
1060:2011-05-09
1030:2017-07-30
1008:References
944:dermatitis
906:Dinoponera
901:Formicinae
854:Sting rays
799:Aspiration
591:naltrexone
536:ultrasound
482:papaverine
403:tuberculin
373:chickenpox
134:developing
91:parenteral
63:UK English
55:US English
4148:infusions
4080:Liposomes
3876:Eye drops
3871:Ear drops
3782:Vaporizer
3777:Nebulizer
3667:Mouthwash
3596:sublabial
3519:Electuary
3509:Decoction
3368:from the
3315:221770820
3089:(1): 30.
2414:1469-493X
2215:: 23–35.
1153:ignored (
1143:cite book
936:serotonin
932:histamine
928:trichomes
726:Technique
708:phlebitis
679:abscesses
662:pathogens
658:infection
644:Infection
579:decanoate
549:adherence
513:mydriatic
490:aviptadil
448:Localized
330:influenza
154:injection
47:injection
32:Injection
4338:Category
4319:PIC line
4260:Epidural
4100:Lip balm
4075:Hydrogel
4066:solution
4049:Liniment
4034:Ointment
3993:Hydrogel
3988:Solution
3973:Ointment
3913:Ointment
3886:Hydrogel
3881:Ointment
3677:Ointment
3638:Lozenges
3628:Lollipop
3574:Tincture
3559:Solution
3539:Hydrogel
3524:Emulsion
3466:Pastille
3350:91027318
3307:32938666
3248:21396858
3207:15153103
3166:16138209
3115:26805882
3064:18166996
3056:10833259
3011:26983715
2962:18974425
2954:26094699
2903:73414266
2895:30712761
2860:12151473
2777:29138158
2736:28344770
2633:28989381
2459:23032244
2432:30671926
2375:24920643
2334:32310581
2311:36607217
2303:23993281
2229:26359046
2148:27792244
2099:20463370
2058:26911708
2050:14742367
2006:28894357
1955:29610715
1823:23731929
1764:53716841
1756:30466716
1716:32310368
1708:21609222
1670:84185652
1662:30895359
1624:24314827
1581:25688586
1539:27075364
1366:Archived
1303:17938345
1268:12371114
1190:24055064
1102:19171006
961:See also
869:melittin
720:fainting
683:gangrene
656:, is an
633:pinching
381:shingles
256:Systemic
186:fainting
85:) and a
65:, or a "
4019:topical
3957:enteral
3918:Pessary
3748:Liquids
3721:Smoking
3659:Liquids
3554:Softgel
3501:Liquids
3461:Capsule
3438:enteral
3298:7494335
3275:Bibcode
3106:4728552
3002:5563768
2945:4488702
2768:5685449
2727:5333604
2710:: 157.
2624:5074232
2486:7636457
2423:6353131
2264:3281219
2139:6461192
1997:5584886
1946:5878093
1589:3679596
1530:4831096
1419:26 July
1212:P&T
881:hirudin
873:Leeches
861:insects
778:⁄
768:⁄
597:Implant
438:humerus
375:), and
365:rubella
357:measles
349:insulin
310:deltoid
246:sterile
189:proper
87:syringe
4214:Organs
4095:Lotion
4015:Dermal
3953:Rectal
3928:Douche
3708:Solids
3645:tablet
3610:Solids
3592:buccal
3549:Powder
3514:Elixir
3456:Tablet
3448:Solids
3348:
3313:
3305:
3295:
3246:
3205:
3164:
3113:
3103:
3083:Toxins
3062:
3054:
3009:
2999:
2960:
2952:
2942:
2922:Toxins
2901:
2893:
2858:
2775:
2765:
2734:
2724:
2631:
2621:
2546:
2484:
2457:
2430:
2420:
2412:
2373:
2332:
2309:
2301:
2283:Lancet
2262:
2227:
2146:
2136:
2097:
2056:
2048:
2004:
1994:
1953:
1943:
1923:Cureus
1900:
1847:
1821:
1762:
1754:
1714:
1706:
1668:
1660:
1622:
1587:
1579:
1537:
1527:
1479:
1301:
1266:
1188:
1131:
1100:
938:, and
850:weever
693:Others
687:sepsis
589:, and
507:, and
488:, and
414:dermis
316:, and
306:muscle
236:, and
178:sepsis
125:, and
105:, and
4090:Cream
4054:Paste
3983:Enema
3935:(IUD)
3851:nasal
3773:(MDI)
3681:Spray
3569:Syrup
3346:S2CID
3311:S2CID
3060:S2CID
2958:S2CID
2899:S2CID
2307:S2CID
2054:S2CID
1760:S2CID
1712:S2CID
1666:S2CID
1585:S2CID
1557:(PDF)
1223:(PDF)
1208:(PDF)
893:venom
842:venom
700:palsy
681:, or
638:sugar
573:, or
555:Depot
442:tibia
361:mumps
216:Types
162:bolus
75:Scots
69:" in
61:" in
57:, a "
53:" in
4315:pump
4167:Skin
4064:DMSO
4059:Film
3847:otic
3802:and
3623:Film
3425:Oral
3303:PMID
3244:PMID
3203:PMID
3162:PMID
3111:PMID
3052:PMID
3007:PMID
2950:PMID
2891:PMID
2856:PMID
2773:PMID
2732:PMID
2629:PMID
2557:2020
2544:ISBN
2482:PMID
2455:PMID
2428:PMID
2410:ISSN
2371:PMID
2330:PMID
2299:PMID
2260:PMID
2225:PMID
2144:PMID
2122:2020
2095:PMID
2046:PMID
2002:PMID
1951:PMID
1898:ISBN
1845:ISBN
1819:PMID
1752:PMID
1704:PMID
1658:PMID
1620:PMID
1577:PMID
1535:PMID
1477:ISBN
1421:2023
1374:2020
1348:2016
1299:PMID
1264:PMID
1186:PMID
1155:help
1129:ISBN
1098:PMID
889:ants
865:Bees
834:bite
714:and
626:Pain
277:vein
136:and
79:drug
73:and
51:shot
3792:Gas
3338:doi
3334:153
3293:PMC
3283:doi
3234:doi
3193:doi
3189:271
3152:hdl
3142:doi
3101:PMC
3091:doi
3042:hdl
3034:doi
2997:PMC
2989:doi
2940:PMC
2930:doi
2883:doi
2848:doi
2844:347
2763:PMC
2722:PMC
2712:doi
2619:PMC
2611:doi
2418:PMC
2402:doi
2361:doi
2291:doi
2287:382
2252:doi
2217:doi
2134:PMC
2126:doi
2085:doi
2036:doi
1992:PMC
1982:doi
1941:PMC
1931:doi
1811:doi
1744:doi
1696:doi
1650:doi
1612:doi
1569:doi
1525:PMC
1515:doi
1291:doi
1287:143
1256:doi
1178:doi
1121:doi
1088:doi
631:or
440:or
367:),
67:jag
59:jab
45:An
4340::
3849:,
3598:,
3594:,
3415:,
3344:.
3332:.
3309:.
3301:.
3291:.
3281:.
3269:.
3265:.
3242:.
3230:22
3228:.
3224:.
3201:.
3187:.
3183:.
3160:.
3150:.
3138:47
3136:.
3132:.
3109:.
3099:.
3085:.
3081:.
3058:.
3050:.
3040:.
3030:24
3028:.
3005:.
2995:.
2985:32
2983:.
2979:.
2956:.
2948:.
2938:.
2924:.
2920:.
2897:.
2889:.
2879:33
2877:.
2854:.
2842:.
2817:.
2793:.
2771:.
2759:63
2757:.
2753:.
2730:.
2720:.
2706:.
2702:.
2676:.
2652:.
2641:^
2627:.
2617:.
2607:15
2605:.
2601:.
2542:.
2522:^
2505:.
2494:^
2478:41
2476:.
2451:60
2449:.
2426:.
2416:.
2408:.
2396:.
2392:.
2369:.
2357:42
2355:.
2351:.
2328:.
2305:.
2297:.
2285:.
2281:.
2258:.
2248:10
2246:.
2223:.
2213:27
2211:.
2164:.
2142:.
2132:.
2120:.
2116:.
2093:.
2081:95
2079:.
2075:.
2052:.
2044:.
2032:98
2030:.
2026:.
2014:^
2000:.
1990:.
1978:11
1976:.
1972:.
1949:.
1939:.
1927:10
1925:.
1921:.
1877:17
1875:.
1871:.
1859:^
1831:^
1817:.
1807:27
1805:.
1780:.
1758:.
1750:.
1740:38
1738:.
1724:^
1710:.
1702:.
1692:26
1690:.
1678:^
1664:.
1656:.
1646:37
1644:.
1632:^
1618:.
1608:65
1606:.
1583:.
1575:.
1565:21
1563:.
1559:.
1533:.
1523:.
1511:20
1509:.
1505:.
1491:^
1459:^
1404:^
1334:.
1297:.
1285:.
1262:.
1252:16
1250:.
1238:^
1216:25
1214:.
1210:.
1184:.
1174:87
1147::
1145:}}
1141:{{
1127:.
1096:.
1084:12
1082:.
1078:.
1052:.
1039:^
1023:.
934:,
795:.
677:,
673:,
648:A
593:.
585:,
569:,
484:,
401:A
363:,
359:,
312:,
232:,
228:,
121:,
117:,
113:,
101:,
4272:,
4173:)
4169:(
4021:)
4017:(
3959:)
3955:(
3844:,
3740:0
3736:0
3700:)
3696:(
3602:)
3590:(
3440:)
3436:(
3405:e
3398:t
3391:v
3352:.
3340::
3317:.
3285::
3277::
3271:6
3250:.
3236::
3209:.
3195::
3168:.
3154::
3144::
3117:.
3093::
3087:8
3066:.
3044::
3036::
3013:.
2991::
2964:.
2932::
2926:7
2905:.
2885::
2862:.
2850::
2827:.
2803:.
2779:.
2738:.
2714::
2708:3
2687:.
2662:.
2635:.
2613::
2586:.
2559:.
2516:.
2488:.
2461:.
2434:.
2404::
2398:1
2377:.
2363::
2336:.
2313:.
2293::
2266:.
2254::
2231:.
2219::
2195:.
2174:.
2150:.
2128::
2101:.
2087::
2060:.
2038::
2008:.
1984::
1957:.
1933::
1906:.
1853:.
1825:.
1813::
1790:.
1766:.
1746::
1718:.
1698::
1672:.
1652::
1626:.
1614::
1591:.
1571::
1541:.
1517::
1485:.
1453:.
1423:.
1398:.
1376:.
1350:.
1305:.
1293::
1270:.
1258::
1232:.
1192:.
1180::
1157:)
1137:.
1123::
1104:.
1090::
1063:.
1033:.
780:4
776:3
770:4
766:3
379:(
371:(
355:(
144:/
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
