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78:– the papacy's chief diplomatic and political agent. He proved totally unsuited to any of these offices, and his continuing relationship with Julius, whose bed he openly shared, created considerable scandal both inside and outside the Church. After Julius's death, he was shunned and ignored. Despite committing both rape and murder, he managed to retain his cardinal's hat and was permitted to return to Rome following several periods of banishment. His death passed unremarked, and he was buried in the Del Monte family chapel in Rome.
31:
130:, and immediately made the boy a cardinal. Two years later, faced with hostility to Innocenzo from the other cardinals and a gathering move to have his position annulled on the basis of his illegitimacy and age, Julius had him adopted into the Del Monte family and decreed his year of birth as 1532, although this had previously been unknown.
243:; because of his aura of mischief, the guards searched him and discovered a note hidden in his cloak which contained forbidden information; this discovery caused an incredible stir and from that moment until the end of the conclave, Innocenzo and his conclavists were guarded more closely than any other cardinal in the conclave.
153:, effectively putting him in charge of all papal correspondence. But the role of secretary to the papacy proved manifestly beyond Innocenzo's abilities, and so, in order to find a way for his favourite to retain the appearance of power without having any real responsibility, Julius upgraded a hitherto minor position, that of
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protested in vain against
Innocenzo's elevation. Rumours also circulated around European courts: The Venetian ambassador, Matteo Dandolo, wrote that Cardinal Del Monte "was a little scoundrel", and that the Pope "took him into his bedroom and into his own bed as if he were his own son or grandson".
102:. His father may have been a soldier who had served with Baldovino, which would explain how he came into the household; although alternative stories were told that he had been picked up in the streets by Baldovino's brother, Cardinal Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte. He certainly quickly became a
185:, who lived in Rome during this period, wrote in 1555: "Yet seeing a footman, a child, a beast,/ a rascal, a poltroon made a cardinal / for having taken care of a monkey well, / a Ganymede wearing the red hat on his head / ...these are miracles, my dear Morel, that take place in Rome alone."
90:) to a beggar-woman and an unknown father. As a boy he was illiterate but vivacious and good-looking. He left home at an extremely early age and made his way to Piacenza, where, at around 13 or 14, he found a position in the household of the city governor, Baldovino Ciocchi del Monte, as a
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Attempts to give the boy an education which could have prepared him for ecclesiastic office had already proven useless: "a few social graces, a few bits of knowledge, perhaps about the glories of the
Classical world, and Innocenzo's formal education was over."
262:. From there, Innocenzo worked with friendly cardinals to petition the new pope to release him from the monastery. To strengthen the case for his release, and to demonstrate that his outlook and attitude had changed, he began to project the image of a reformed
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Innocenzo's affair with his future sister-in-law, the noted poet and favorite in the papal court, Ersilia
Cortese, resulted in scandal. Julius considered demoting him from the cardinalate after having compromised the pope's credibility.
181:" ('entangled in love for boys'). One more mocking rumour made the rounds in Rome, saying that Innocenzo had been made a cardinal as a reward for his being the keeper of the pope's monkey. The French poet
67:) to a beggar-woman and an unknown father, he was picked up in the street by Cardinal Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte and given a position in the household of the Cardinal's brother, Baldovino.
232:, duke of Florence, Innocenzo was released but nevertheless forced to face a fine of 100,000 scudi, and threatened with the stripping of his cardinalate. From Rome, Innocenzo was banished to
282:, Rome. "His burial was unattended. There was no commemoration of his cardinalate, and no prayers for the repose of his soul. Shunned and ignored in life, he was forgotten in death."
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restored
Innocenzo's freedom and allowed him to return to Rome:"ut his crown did not mean what it once did, because upon his return, Innocenzo was, once again, despised by all."
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Innocenzo died in Rome on 2 November 1577 and was buried within a few hours, in complete anonymity, beneath an unmarked slab in the Del Monte family chapel at the church of
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offices. Innocenzo, although relieved of all real duties, continued to be showered with benefices and high offices, much to the disgust of his fellow cardinals.
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priests assigned to act as guards. An investigation recommended against his execution or degradation, but he was nevertheless once again banished by
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wrote that Julius was "excessively given to intemperance in a life of luxuriousness and to his libido", and, more explicitly characterized him as "
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in
Normandy, S. Zeno in Verona, and of the abbeys of S. Saba, Miramondo, and of Grottaferrata, Frascati. Most significantly, Julius named him
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The new cardinal was given numerous important and lucrative positions, including commendatary abbot of the abbeys of Saint-Michel du
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63:(born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte) caused grave scandal in the early 16th century. Born in Borgo San Donnino (now
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Cardinals who were more sensitive to the need to reform the mores of the Church in order to combat the
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of
Giovanni Maria, who placed him in charge of his pet monkey and appointed him
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In 1567, Innocenzo was accused of raping two low-class women in Brevia, near
460:, Sonnet CV (Paris, 1555), cited in Robert Aldrich, Garry Wotherspoon, eds,
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Cardinal
Giovanni del Monte was elected pope in 1550, taking the name
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Innocenzo
Ciocchi Del Monte murders someone in a tavern; engraving by
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Who's who in gay and lesbian history: from antiquity to World War II
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He also participated in the conclave of 1565–1566, which elected
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In
February 1550 Cardinal Giovanni del Monte was elected pope as
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The
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church- Biographical Dictionary
505:
The Life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte: A Scandal in Scarlet
503:
Burkle-Young, Francis A; Doerrer, Michael Leopoldo (1997).
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After the death of Julius, Innocenzo took part in the two
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224:; and the following year he was moved to the abbey of
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400:Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Saint-Michel du Tréport
86:Innocenzo was born in Borgo San Donnino (now
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397:Pierre-Paul Laffleur de Kermaingant (1880).
428:P. Messina (1990). "Del Monte, Innocenzo".
442:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
413:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
161:, was eventually to become the highest of
137:Pope Julius III made Del Monte a cardinal.
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430:Dizionario biografico degli italiani
331:Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History
329:Aldrich, Robert; Garry Wotherspoon.
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432:(in Italian). Vol. 38. Rome.
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537:16th-century Italian cardinals
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475:"Cardinal Title S. Callisto"
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159:Cardinal Secretary of State
43:Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte
18:Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte
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464:(Routledge, 2002), p. 278.
258:to Montecassino and then
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56:whose relationship with
52:– 1577) was a notorious
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403:(in Latin). Paris.
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