597:
588:. During this invasion, they are said to have killed the Brahmin men and married off Brahmin girls to the men from other castes. According to Datta, Vacchala might have feared a repeat of this episode in case of a Chalukya defeat. This might have motivated him to seek shelter with Bhoja, who was reputed as a patron of learned Brahmins. Jayasimha was able to repulse the invasion by 1024 CE.
867:
216:
named
Deddaka; or it was donated by Deddaka to someone else, with Vatsaraja ratifying the grant. The charter then names the witnesses, and also names its writer as Chhadaka, son of Amnaka. The inscription ends with a sign-manual of Vatsaraja. Unlike the rest of the inscription (which is in Sanskrit),
556:
The inscription features the usual genealogy and the Garuda emblem. It then records the donation of some land in
Kirikaika village (present-day Karki near Depalpur) located to the west of Ujjayani. The land was donated by Bhoja to a Brahmin named Vachchhala, who was the son of Soshvara, and belonged
816:
Next, the record describes Bhoja's feudatory
Yashovarman, who controlled half of the Selluka (probably modern Satane) town and 1500 villages. The inscription records a donation, which was probably made in Yashovarman's territory. The donation, of several properties, was made by one Ranaka Amma to a
364:
The two plates contain 13 and 14 lines respectively, and the second plate features the Garuda emblem. Like the 1018 CE record, this inscription begins with an auspicious symbol, two verses praising Shiva and the
Paramara genealogy. It then states that Bhoja granted the Nalatadaga village to Pandita
211:
The two plates contain 16 and 5 lines respectively. The inscription begins with the
Siddham symbol, followed by the date and the Paramara genealogy. It records the grant of agricultural land situated in the Sayanapataka (modern Shenvad) village of Mohadavasaka (modern Modasa) sub-division. The name
436:
The content at the start and the end of the inscription is exactly same as the 1020 CE Betma inscription, comprising verses and genealogy. The second plate features the Garuda emblem. The inscription records the donation of a piece of land in
Vatapadraka village, which was located in Vyaghradora
299:, but there was no lunar eclipse on 30 July 1018. It appears that the donation had already been made, and the inscriptional record was created at a later date. The inscription also mentions another date corresponding to 17 September 1018 CE, when the record was formally handed over to the donee.
685:
The surviving portion of the inscription begins with a description of Bhoja's reign. Bhoja is said to have bravely slayed numerous enemy soldiers, and to have enjoyed a long reign. It is possible that the now-lost first plate mentioned Bhoja's genealogy. Next, the inscription describes Bhoja's
714:
Dakshina-Murti
Maneshvara, and its temple was located at the confluence of Mana stream with Narmada River. When J.S. Kudalkar visited the village in 1919, he found the ruins of a temple known as Ghanteshvara there. The inscription describes Dinakara as a Shaivite ascetic, who was born in the
713:
Next, the inscription records the grant of the
Viluhaja village (modern Velpur) and a plot of land in Ghantapalli village (modern Ghantoli). The land was donated by Suraditya's son Jasoraja (or Yashoraja) to Dinakara for worship of a deity called Ghanteshvara. The deity was locally known as
725:
The inscription ends with six imprecatory verses and a brief description of Sohika, the composer. Sohika states that he wrote the content at the request of the King Bhoja, and asks for forgiveness for any composition mistakes. He is described as the son of Aiyala, a
325:. Swati Datta notes that Gauda might not necessarily refer to the region in Bengal: other territories in India were also known by this name. The name Gauda was also used as a collective name for the following five territories of north India: Sarasvata (
365:
Delha after performing the daily duties and worshipping
Bhavani-pati. The village was located in the Nayapadra territory. D. B. Diskalkar, the first scholar to transcribe and translate the inscription, identified Nala-tadaga with Nar village in
506:
subdivision. The identity of the
Viranaka village is not certain. H. V. Trivedi identifies Nagaharda-paschima-pathaka as a territory lying to the west of the Nagjhiri stream near Ujjain. The village was donated by Bhoja (who resided at
279:("enemy of the god of love"). It then lists the Paramara kings from Siyaka to Bhoja. Next, the inscription records Bhoja's donation of the Dugayi or Dugaryi village to one Markanda-sarman. The donee was a Brahmin of Vatsa
499:
As with other inscriptions, it begins with the Siddham symbol, the verses praising Vyomkesha and Smararati (aspects of Shiva) and the Paramara genealogy. The second plate features the Garuda emblem.
373:). Because these places are located nearly 300 km away from Betma, he assumed that the descendants of the donee may have migrated to Malwa. The donee Delha was the son of Bhatta Thatthasika of
305:
The identity of the donated village (Dugayi or Dugaryi) is not certain. On basis of similar-sounding names, H. V. Trivedi speculates that it might be the Dupadiya (or Dugariya) village located near
1260:
317:. Accordingly, Trivedi identifies Sravanabhdra as a place in that state. K. N. Dikshit, while analyzing another inscription, identified Shravanabhadra as Sonbhadra near
302:
Next, the inscription contains the traditional benedictive and imprecatory verses. It ends with the sign-manual of Bhoja and the name of Jatasa, who executed the grant.
232:
theorized that he was a son of Bhoja. However, other scholars believe that "Maharajaputra" was a feudatory title. H. V. Trivedi identifies Vatsaraja with a ruler of the
904:
metre. It records the installation of the tirthankara image by Sagaranandin, and mentions that the learned Jain monk Nemichandra performed the installation ceremony.
117:
that record land grants. They begin with the auspicious Siddham symbol, and verses praising Shiva. They contain a brief genealogy, naming Bhoja's predecessors as
309:. The identity of Shravanabhadra is also unclear. According to inscription, it was located in the Gauda country. The most famous territory by this name was the
267:
The two plates contain 15 and 14 lines respectively, and an image of the Garuda emblem. The inscription begins with the Siddham symbol and two verses praising
702:
area) for having killed Bhoja's enemies. The inscription names only one of the enemies defeated by Suraditya: Sahavahana, whose identity is not certain (see
248:; the exact day corresponds to 30 July 1018 CE. The plates were found in possession of one Ratansingh Saindhava of Mahaudi (Jivapur Mahodia) village near
295:) and residents to render their taxes and a share of the crop produce to the donee. The inscription states that the donation was made on the day of a
635:), which corresponds to 1033–34 CE. The inscription was written by Shivadeva, and the sculptor was Manathala, who was the son of the mason Sahira.
1529:
573:
553:
purchased these plates from one Kishore Singh Kanungo of Depalpur. It is not known how and when did the plates came into possession of Kanungo.
1489:
1468:
678:, and the exact date corresponds to 17 November 1046 CE. The two plates were discovered in May 1917 by swimmers and divers in the bed of the
666:) of Chandranagari and Vidyadhari (branches of the Jainism). Vararuchi is identified with Dhanapala, a prominent Jain courtier of Bhoja.
1534:
774:, the inscription is dated to 17 March 1048 CE, but the text is silent on how this date was assigned. According to H. V. Trivedi, its
778:
characters resemble those of the 1020 CE Banswara and Betma plates, and therefore, the inscription is probably from the same period.
212:
of the donor and the donee is not clear from the surviving record. The land was either donated by Bhoja's subordinate Vatsaraja to a
165:
verses (the latter curse the person who does not honour the grants made in the inscriptions). Bhoja's own inscriptions end with his
1505:. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties.
114:
1506:
674:
This inscription was probably in form of 3 copper plates, out of which only the last two are now available. It is dated 1103
407:
This inscription is in form of two copper plates. It is dated to year 1076 of an unspecified era. Assuming that the era is
97:
Some of these inscriptions, including those issued by Bhoja himself, are described below. All the inscriptions issued by
584:-Paramara confederacy. The Cholas had previously attacked the Chalukya kingdom during the reign of Jayasimha's ancestor
496:, and the exact date corresponds to 24 December 1021 CE. It was found by a farmer in an agricultural field near Ujjain.
418:
291:. It is stated that he took a bath, performed his daily duties and then ordered the village's officials (including
197:
is the first month of the year in this convention). In 1944, R. P. Soni found this inscription in possession of a
638:
In 1924, art historian O. C. Gangoly and archaeologist K. N. Dikshit mistakenly identified the statue as that of
631:. It records the installation of the statue during the reign of Bhoja. The inscription is dated 1019 (presumably
710:
and was leading a religious life on the banks of Narmada. His son Jasoraja (II) inherited the feudal lordship.
703:
883:
609:
68:
751:
157:
snake in its left hand, about to strike it with his right hand. The grant records are usually followed by
642:(Sarasvati), based on an incomplete reading. They theorized that the statue was from a Sarasvati temple (
838:
of the Ganga family. At the time of the donation, he resided in the Muktapalli village (possibly modern
806:
581:
306:
249:
647:
754:. The inscription does not mention a year: it only states that it was issued on the occasion of a
464:
The land was donated by Bhoja to a Brahmin named Bhaila, the son of Vamana. The donee belonged to
310:
852:
monk Ammadevacharya. His wife Chachchai was born in the Chalukya family. She poured water from a
381:
162:
145:
1485:
1464:
794:
399:
region. Like the 1018 CE inscription, the record ends with imprecatory and dedicatory verses.
334:
233:
166:
1479:
1458:
502:
The inscription records the donation of the Viranaka village, which was located in Nagaharda-
829:
771:
651:
569:
512:
48:
849:
287:; he hailed from Shravanabhadra town of Gauda country. Bhoja is described as a resident of
747:
596:
253:
139:
130:
72:
576:. Swati Datta theorizes that by this time, Jayasimha's kingdom was under attack from the
874:
This two-line undated, fragmentary inscription is engraved on the pedestal of the large
1524:
893:
658:
commissioned a statue of Ambika after having commissioned statues of Vagdevi and three
632:
628:
617:
408:
366:
338:
257:
193:
56:
28:
858:, with which Ranaka Amma washed the feet of the Jain monk before making the donation.
817:
Jain monk Suvrata-deva. The properties include plots of land, oil mills, shops and 14
561:
gotra. The inscription ends with four imprecatory verses and sign-manual of the king.
1518:
798:
790:
755:
679:
675:
650:
and Kirit Mankondi in a 1981 article. The image is actually that of the Jain goddess
550:
538:
493:
357:
year, it can be dated to September 1020 CE. The inscription was found by a farmer in
350:
322:
296:
261:
245:
198:
178:
122:
106:
529:
The inscription ends with five imprecatory verses, and the sign-manual of the king.
719:
508:
326:
288:
229:
1500:
1447:
1295:
515:
named Dhanapati-Bhatta. The donee was the son of Bhatta-Govinda, who belonged to
875:
822:
802:
739:
738:
This inscription comprises three copper plates. It was found in possession of a
585:
314:
158:
32:
236:. This ruler was the son of Kirttiraja, and might have been a vassal of Bhoja.
866:
775:
687:
643:
565:
546:
413:
354:
330:
183:
118:
1481:
Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
854:
825:
810:
655:
542:
465:
208:
in Gujarat. The widow could not remember when and how she got these plates.
36:
457:
region, and might have been named after the present-day Thali village near
149:. All of Bhoja's own inscriptions feature the Paramara emblem of a flying
59:. By 2003, 12 inscriptions dated to Bhoja's region had been discovered at
912:
848:(province). He had become a Jain after listening to the teachings of the
793:
as a highly ranked poet. It states that Bhoja had defeated the rulers of
759:
727:
707:
699:
605:
450:
446:
426:
422:
385:
374:
225:
102:
60:
545:
year). Alternatively, the inscription can be dated to 1023 CE (assuming
1296:"A Paramāra Sculpture in the British Museum: Vāgdevī or Yakshī Ambikā?"
879:
844:
834:
763:
639:
516:
473:
458:
396:
318:
213:
188:
177:
This inscription is in the form of two copper-plates. It is dated 1067
110:
24:
537:
This inscription is in form of two copper-plates. It is dated to 1079
492:
This inscription is in form of two copper plates. It is dated to 1076
839:
786:
743:
621:
523:
469:
454:
370:
284:
205:
202:
153:(with a bird's head and a man's body). The Garuda is shown holding a
150:
126:
91:
87:
84:
80:
256:. Saindhava refused to part away with the plates, but archaeologist
349:
This inscription is in form of two copper plates. It is dated 1076
244:
This inscription is in form of two copper plates. It is dated 1074
908:
865:
659:
595:
577:
519:
476:). Like the Betma grant, the donation was made on the occasion of
430:
377:
358:
280:
268:
154:
98:
64:
52:
44:
911:, and believes that Sagaranandin was devoted to both Jainism and
613:
558:
76:
541:, and the exact date corresponds to 19 March 1022 CE (assuming
23:
Inscriptions from Bhoja's reign have been found in present-day
662:. It describes Vararuchi as Bhoja's religious superintendent (
646:) in Dhar. This mistake was corrected by the Sanskrit scholar
526:. He was a migrant from Srivada in Velluvalla (unidentified).
612:. The statue was found in 1875 at the ruins of the palace at
445:(province). H. V. Trivedi identifies Vatapadraka with either
472:; his ancestors were natives of Chhinchchaha-sthana (modern
388:), and his ancestors lived at Vishala-grama (unidentified).
217:
the sign-manual is in Prakrit language ("Vachchharajasya").
1344:
1342:
1340:
785:(blessing), followed by a genealogy of Paramara kings from
395:("Konkana Conquest Festival"), to mark Bhoja's conquest of
941:
939:
896:. It eulogies Chandrardha-mauli and Bhoja, who is titled
564:
The inscription suggests that Vacchala had migrated from
429:. The plates were later moved to the Rajputana Museum in
1425:
1423:
1374:
1372:
1359:
1357:
1315:
1313:
1204:
1202:
1177:
1175:
1162:
1160:
1123:
1121:
1096:
1094:
1081:
1079:
181:. The exact date corresponds to 6 May 1011 CE, assuming
1042:
1040:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1010:
1008:
971:
969:
956:
954:
821:
s (gold coins). The donee Suvrata-deva is named as a
616:. Major General William Kincaid later gave it to the
264:. The actual copper plates are now reported as lost.
417:, the exact date corresponds to 3 January 1020 CE.
421:found the plates in possession of the widow of a
686:feudatory and Suraditya, who was a migrant from
484:" is missing from this particular inscription).
694:lineage. Suraditya was made the feudal lord of
624:. The record consists of a dedicatory verse in
453:. The Sthali province was probably same as the
907:H. V. Trivedi identifies Chandrardha-mauli as
718:lineage, and was reputed as an incarnation of
384:. He was a migrant from Sthanvishvara (modern
870:The tirthankara statue at Bhojpur Jain temple
228:'s son") in this inscription. Based on this,
8:
1255:
1253:
353:; the exact date is not known, but assuming
369:and Nayapadra with Napad town (now part of
109:, although some inscriptions feature a few
832:. The donor Ranaka Amma is described as a
889:The first verse in the inscription is in
449:or Barliya village, and Vyaghradora with
391:The donation was made on the occasion of
51:, whose kingdom was centered around the
1429:
1414:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1363:
1348:
1331:
1319:
1281:
1261:"Collection online: figure 1909,1224.1"
1232:
1220:
1208:
1193:
1181:
1166:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1112:
1100:
1085:
1046:
1031:
1016:
999:
975:
960:
945:
923:
706:). Suraditya's father Jasoraja (I) had
604:This 4-line inscription appears on the
480:("Konkan Conquest Festival"; the word "
1502:Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2)
987:
129:. Bhoja himself is mentioned as Bhoja-
1244:
1070:
1058:
930:
7:
789:to Bhoja. It describes Siyaka's son
1460:Migrant Brāhmaṇas in Northern India
768:List of Inscriptions of North India
704:Military career of Bhoja#Sahavahana
600:The Ambika statue at British Museum
113:words. They are usually in form of
14:
533:1022–23 CE Depalpur copper-plates
1499:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi (1991).
16:Historical inscriptions in India
1449:The Paramāras, c. 800-1305 A.D.
1530:Sanskrit inscriptions in India
1507:Archaeological Survey of India
781:The inscription begins with a
654:. The inscription states that
549:year). In 1931, R. G. Ojha of
333:(Kannauj), Gauda (of Bengal),
133:, and his titles are given as
1:
670:1046 CE Tilakwada inscription
393:Konkana-Grahana-Vijaya-Parvva
361:, in the early 20th century.
240:1018 CE Mahaudi copper-plates
750:, and later acquired by the
488:1021 CE Ujjain copper plates
403:1020 CE Banswara inscription
201:widow at Kokapur village of
173:1011 CE Modasa copper-plates
47:was an Indian king from the
592:1033–34 CE Dhar inscription
568:, which was located in the
1551:
1478:Misra, Om Prakash (2003).
90:), Piploda, Tilakwada and
1535:11th-century inscriptions
1446:Bhatia, Pratipal (1970).
900:. The second verse is in
345:1020 CE Betma inscription
730:of the Valabhya family.
187:convention practiced in
1484:. Mittal Publications.
1463:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1294:Mankodi, Kirit (1980).
762:(dark moon day) in the
696:Samgama-khetaka-mandala
682:at Tilakwada, Gujarat.
610:Ambika Statue from Dhar
468:gotra and Vajimadhyana
220:Vatsaraja is styled as
83:, Mahaudi, Kokapur (in
871:
752:Prince of Wales museum
690:, and belonged to the
601:
234:Chalukya house of Lata
55:region in present-day
1457:Datta, Swati (1989).
1452:Munshiram Manoharlal.
869:
599:
441:(district) of Sthali
260:managed to prepare a
828:of the Kalakeshvara
478:Konkana-Vijaya-Parva
862:Bhojpur inscription
648:Harivallabh Bhayani
572:territory ruled by
275:("sky-haired") and
872:
734:Kalwan inscription
602:
513:Karnataka Brahmana
382:Madhyandini shakha
1491:978-81-7099-874-7
1470:978-81-208-0067-0
1405:, pp. 55–57.
1351:, pp. 51–52.
1196:, pp. 43–44.
1154:, pp. 40–41.
1115:, pp. 36–37.
948:, pp. 27–61.
898:raja Parameshvara
626:shardulavikridita
425:(coppersmith) at
167:royal sign-manual
135:Parama-bhattaraka
1542:
1510:
1495:
1474:
1453:
1433:
1427:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1263:. British Museum
1257:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1170:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1143:
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1014:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
964:
958:
949:
943:
934:
928:
772:D. R. Bhandarkar
570:Western Chalukya
504:paschima-pathaka
411:and the year as
123:Vakpatiraja-deva
49:Paramara dynasty
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1498:
1492:
1477:
1471:
1456:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1421:
1413:
1409:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1377:
1370:
1362:
1355:
1347:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1311:
1293:
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1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
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1215:
1207:
1200:
1192:
1188:
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1173:
1165:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1015:
1006:
998:
994:
986:
982:
974:
967:
959:
952:
944:
937:
929:
925:
921:
864:
842:) in Audrahadi
748:Nashik district
746:(or Kalvan) in
736:
716:Shravana-bhadra
692:Shravana-bhadra
672:
594:
535:
522:and Asvalayana
490:
405:
347:
313:in present-day
283:and Vajasaneya
271:, who is named
254:Sehore district
242:
175:
140:Maharajadhiraja
119:Sindhuraja-deva
42:
41:
40:
39:states of India
17:
12:
11:
5:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1496:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1454:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1368:
1353:
1336:
1324:
1309:
1286:
1274:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1198:
1186:
1171:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1117:
1105:
1090:
1075:
1063:
1051:
1036:
1021:
1004:
992:
980:
965:
950:
935:
922:
920:
917:
878:statue at the
863:
860:
735:
732:
671:
668:
633:Vikrama Samvat
618:British Museum
593:
590:
534:
531:
489:
486:
409:Vikrama Samvat
404:
401:
367:Kheda district
346:
343:
258:V. S. Wakankar
241:
238:
174:
171:
57:Madhya Pradesh
29:Madhya Pradesh
22:
21:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1547:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1432:, p. 61.
1431:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:, p. 60.
1416:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1396:
1393:, p. 57.
1392:
1387:
1384:
1381:, p. 55.
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988:Bhatia 1970
876:tirthankara
823:tirthankara
586:Satyashraya
327:Kurukshetra
315:West Bengal
163:imprecatory
159:benedictive
127:Siyaka-deva
33:Maharashtra
1519:Categories
1245:Datta 1989
1071:Datta 1989
1059:Datta 1989
931:Misra 2003
919:References
882:temple of
850:Śvetāmbara
776:Devanagari
770:edited by
766:month. In
688:Kanyakubja
664:Dharmmadhī
644:Bhoj Shala
566:Manyakheta
547:Karttikadi
419:G. H. Ojha
414:Karttikadi
355:Karttikadi
331:Kanyakubja
273:Vyomakesha
184:Karttikadi
1306:: 96–103.
855:kamandalu
656:Vararuchi
582:Kalachuri
543:Chaitradi
466:Vashistha
293:pattalika
277:Smararati
37:Rajasthan
1300:Sambodhi
913:Shaivism
803:Gurjjara
760:amavasya
758:, on an
728:Kayastha
720:Shankara
700:Sankheda
606:pedestal
451:Bagidora
447:Barodiya
427:Banswara
423:Thathera
386:Thanesar
375:Kaushika
226:Maharaja
103:Sanskrit
73:Depalpur
61:Banswara
1267:30 June
902:Upajati
884:Bhojpur
845:vishaya
835:samanta
811:Konkana
795:Karnata
791:Vakpati
764:Chaitra
708:retired
640:Vagdevi
608:of the
557:to the
511:) to a
482:Grahana
474:Chhinch
459:Arthuna
443:mandala
397:Konkana
335:Mithila
319:Kannauj
262:rubbing
214:Brahmin
189:Gujarat
111:Prakrit
101:are in
69:Bhojpur
25:Gujarat
1488:
1467:
840:Mohadi
830:tirtha
819:dramma
787:Siyaka
783:svasti
744:Kalwan
652:Ambika
622:London
559:Atreya
524:shakha
517:Agasti
470:shakha
455:Vagada
371:Nadiad
339:Utkala
285:shakha
206:taluka
203:Modasa
194:Kartik
151:Garuda
92:Ujjain
88:taluka
85:Modasa
81:Kalwan
1525:Bhoja
909:Shiva
894:metre
807:Chedi
660:Jinas
629:metre
578:Chola
520:gotra
509:Dhara
439:bhoga
431:Ajmer
378:gotra
359:Betma
307:Ashta
289:Dhara
281:gotra
269:Shiva
250:Ashta
199:bania
155:cobra
99:Bhoja
65:Betma
53:Malwa
45:Bhoja
1486:ISBN
1465:ISBN
1269:2016
880:Jain
826:Muni
809:and
799:Lata
740:Bhil
614:Dhar
380:and
337:and
161:and
143:and
131:deva
125:and
77:Dhar
35:and
742:at
620:at
329:),
252:in
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