665:. A Paramara branch at Jalor is known to have been founded by one Vakpati-raja. According to K. N. Seth, this person is same as the Vakpati Munja. Seth speculates that Munja had only one son, Chandana, whom he appointed as the ruler of Jalor. Pratipala Bhatia rejects these theories, stating that Aranyaraja lived two generations before Munja, and there is no concrete evidence about Chandana being Munja's son either. The fact that Munja was succeeded by his brother Sindhuraja also indicates that he died without any heir. Another possibility is that Munja did not expect to die in his expedition against the Chalukyas. Therefore, he left the administration in hands of his brother Sindhuraja temporarily. His unexpected death left Sindhuraja as the king, and then the throne passed on to Sindhuraja's son Bhoja.
653:
Before his faked death, Bhoja wrote a message for Munja, upon reading which Munja felt great remorse. When he came learned that Bhoja was still alive, Munja appointed him as his heir. This legend is considered of spurious nature by the historians. Munja's court poet
Dhanapala states that the king had great love for Bhoja. Merutunga and Ballala are later writers, and their accounts are not historically reliable. Moreover, historical evidence indicates that Munja's successor was Sindhuraja, not Bhoja.
727:, Shobhana Dhanika, Padmagupta and Amitagati. His grant to Vasantacharya, a philosopher from Ahichchhatra, is recorded in his Dharampuri inscription. His Gaonri inscriptions record the names of several Brahmins who had migrated to his kingdom from the present-day Bengal, Bihar and Assam in eastern India. Munja also composed poetry himself. Although no complete work composed by him is now available, the
674:
1107:), followed by the usual royal genealogy. It then states that while residing in Purna-pathaka, the king donated the village of Kadahichchhaka to a Brahmin named Sarvananda, who was the son of Dikshita Lokananda. This donee is also one of the Brahmins mentioned in the earlier Gaonri inscription. The location of Kadahichchhaka is given as Maddhuka-
554:
in a campaign against
Tailapa. Merutunga states that the minister foresaw Munja's defeat and committed suicide by jumping into a fire. In the ensuing conflict, Tailapa defeated Munja's army by force and fraud, and imprisoned him. In his victory against Munja, Tailapa appears to have been aided by his
574:
According to
Merutunga, during his imprisonment, Munja and Tailapa's widowed sister Mrinalavati fell in love. Meanwhile, Munja's ministers entered Tailapa's kingdom in disguise, and managed to get in touch with Munja. They made a rescue plan, which Munja divulged to Mrinalavati, because he wanted to
652:
predicted the future greatness of Bhoja as a king. According to
Merutunga's version, Munja wanted his own son to become the king. According to Ballala's account, Munja did not want Bhoja to surpass his glory. Both accounts state that the person ordered to carry out the execution faked the killing.
448:
died within a period of 14 years, while Munja remained the
Paramara king. K. C. Jain speculates that these deaths might have resulted from the Chahamana-Paramara conflict. The Paramara court poet Padmagupta states that the Munja "caused the pearls in the necklaces worn by the women of Marwar to
396:
Early during his reign, Munja defeated the elephant forces of the
Guhilas, and plundered their capital Aghata (present-day Ahar in Udaipur). The defeated Guhila ruler (either Naravahana or his son Shaktikumara) took shelter with Dhavala, the Rashtrakuta ruler of Hastikundi. Munja's success is
656:
The contemporary writers
Padmagupta and Dhanapala state that Munja died childless. Merutunga states that the king had one son. Ballala states that he had multiple sons. D. C. Ganguly theorized that Munja had two sons, Aranyaraja and Chandana; he appointed these as the administrators of
397:
corroborated by the
Bijapur inscription of Dhavala, which states that Munja "destroyed" Aghata, forcing the Guhila king to flee the battlefield and seek Dhavala's protection. As a result of this victory, the Paramaras gained control of the eastern part of Mewar, including
428:
ruler
Vijayapala (r. 954-989 CE). According to Bhatia, Munja conquered Ujjain from the Pratiharas. Jain, however, states that Ujjain must have been conquered by his father Siyaka II since Munja issued land grants from Ujjain in 973 CE, just one year after his ascension.
586:
as his successor. However, this is not historically accurate. Munja was succeeded by his brother
Sindhuraja. Moreover, his defeat and death at the hands of Tailapa is supported by the inscriptions of Tailapa's descendants. The Kauthem grant inscription of
494:. However, this seems to be hyperbolic praise, as the Chola and the Kerala kingdoms lay to the south of the Western Chalukya (Karnata) kingdom. According to K. C. Jain, it is possible that the Cholas and the Keralas sought his help against mutual enemies.
973:
is given as Rudraditya, followed by the sign-manual of the king. The inscription states that the king was at Bhagavatpura (identified with Bhagor village), when he made a gift to provide for the worship of the goddess, on 26 October 980, during a
457:(the Paramara capital). Baliraja's records also claim that he defeated Munja's army. K. C. Jain theorizes that the Chahamanas achieved successes in early part of the struggle, but were ultimately pushed back by Munja.
549:
also states that he defeated Tailapa. Despite these early successes, he could not subdue Tailapa. Against the advice of his prime minister Rudraditya, Munja decided to adopt a more aggressive policy and crossed the
309:, he appointed Munja as his successor. Historians doubt the authenticity of this legend, in absence of any supporting evidence. Another later poet Ballala states that Munja and Sindhuraja were biological brothers.
1017:
The plates are inscribed on one side only, and contain 23, 20 and 10 lines respectively. Like other Paramara inscriptions, the third plate shows a Garuda in human form, about to strike a snake.
612:
by the Jain writer Amitagati states that it was completed in 994 CE (1050 VS), when Munja was reigning at Dhara. Tailapa died in 998 CE. Therefore, Munja must have died between 994 and 998 CE.
978:. The charter of the gift was officially issued four months later, on when the king was staying at Gunapura (possibly the modern Gunavad village), after having achieved a great victory.
545:. According to Merutunga, Tailapa harassed Munja by carrying out several raids into his kingdom, and Munja defeated Tailapa six times (sixteen times, according to some manuscripts). The
575:
take her to Malwa. Mrinalavati told her brother about Munja's escape plan. As a result, Tailapa humiliated Munja by forcing him to beg door-to-door, and then had him executed.
408:, an ally of the Guhilas. The Bijapur inscription of Dhavala states that the armies of the defeated ruler were left without a leader, and sought asylum with him. Kshemendra's
240:. He is known for consolidating the Malwa kingdom, for patronising poets and scholars and for achieving the military success against almost all of the neighbouring kingdoms.
475:
inscription of his descendant Udayaditya, Munja also defeated Yuvaraja II, the Kalachuri ruler of Tripuri. This claim is corroborated by the Kauthem grant inscription of
305:
grassland. Since the king did not have any children of his own at that time, he adopted the child and named him Munja. Although the king later had a biological son named
479:, which states that "Utpala destroyed the power of the Chaidyas, the king of Chedis". However, this victory did not result in any territorial gains for the Paramaras.
719:
Munja was renowned as a great patron of art and literature. His royal patronage attracted scholars from many parts of India. The poets patronized by him included
1996:
1168:
962:, followed by Munja's genealogy. The main objective of the inscription is to record the repairs to a temple of the goddess Bhatteshvari (identified with
648:
Merutunga mentions a legend about Munja's attempt to kill a young Bhoja. The legend is also repeated by Ballala with some variations. It states that an
389:, a work composed by Munja's court poet Dhanapala eulogizes him as an archer hero. Even the Kauthem inscription of the family of Munja's arch-rival
1809:
468:
to Brahmins. Vakpati's victory over Hunas does not appear to be decisive, because his successor Sindhuraja also had to fight against the Hunas.
801:
is considered the first month, as was common in some regions. The inscription is inscribed on two copper plates that were found by a farmer in
2197:
1921:
951:, was issued in 980 CE (1036 VS). The inscription states that it was issued by Vakpati-raja-deva alias Amoghavarsha, whose title it gives as
864:
Next, the inscription mentions the following genealogy of the issuer, stating that each king meditated at the feet of his predecessor:
1964:
1499:
935:
The inscription mentions Kaṇhapaika, who is also mentioned in the 969 Ahmedabad copper plate of Munja's predecessor Siyaka, as the
1879:. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Volume VII: Inscriptions of the Paramāras, Chandēllas, Kachchapaghātas, and two minor dynasties.
2147:
578:
While Merutunga's account may not be entirely accurate from a historical point of view, there is little doubt that Munja died in
20:
2105:
522:(present-day Gujarat), and defeated the Chalukya ruler of that area. According to one theory, the defeated ruler was Tailapa's
445:
571:
on the battlefield because she had sided with Munja, and forced her to become an obedient housewife in the palace of Tailapa.
2099:
2075:
1989:
1880:
990:. It is recorded on three copper plates, which were discovered on 20 June 1931 in Gaonri (or Gaowdi) village near Ujjain. A
432:
The Paramara conquest of eastern Mewar brought them closer to the Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol), who ruled the
1069:
615:
As a result of his victory against Munja, Tailapa conquered the southern part of the Paramara kingdom, possibly up to the
450:
2159:
2135:
1151:
510:, whose Karnata kingdom lay to the south of the Paramara kingdom. Tailapa considered himself as the successor of the
424:
king of Gujarat. On the other hand, historians Pratipal Bhatia, K. N. Seth and K. C. Jain believe that he was the
2192:
1982:
465:
425:
393:
mentions his bravery in wars against the Hunas, the Maravas (people of Marwar), and the Chedis (the Kalachuris).
268:
845:(auspicious verses). The first verse praises the manly throat of Srikantha ("the one with auspicious throat" or
797:
is considered as the first month of the year. The date can alternatively be interpreted as 23 August 975 CE, if
658:
358:
2187:
688:. He is believed to have excavated the Munja-sagara (Munj Sagar) lake in Dhara and the Munja-talao tank in
582:, as a result of his war against Tailapa. Ballala claims that Munja died a peaceful death after appointing
1888:
1095:
This inscription, issued in 986 CE (1943 VS), records the grant of a village to a Brahmin. It begins with
637:
556:
849:), seeking more happiness. The second verse praises the body of Mura-ripu ("slayer of the Mura demon" or
345:
kings. This was probably meant to commemorate his predecessor Siyaka's victory over the Rashtrakuta king
785:
This inscription records a grant, and is the first known Paramara inscription to be issued from outside
689:
678:
537:
The war between Munja and Tailapa has been described by Merutunga, whose account is based on a now-lost
370:
362:
256:
385:
of Gujarat in the west. Except the Chalukyas of Kalyani, Munja successfully dealt with his neighbours.
1024:
and the royal genealogy. Next, the inscription records the grant of the Vanika village in the Avaraka
2202:
1037:
810:
378:
302:
293:
1083:. The official charter was issued nine months later, on 3 July 982 CE. The inscription mentions the
684:
Munja dug several tanks and erected many temples. He commissioned several buildings in his capital
366:
1850:
1814:
301:, Munja was an adopted child of the king Simhadantabhatta (Siyaka). The king discovered him in a
526:
vassal Barappa or his son Goggiraja. According to another theory, "Chalukya" here refers to the
412:
alludes to the miserable condition of the Gurjara king. According to historians D C Ganguly and
1960:
1954:
1917:
1911:
1898:
1623:
1495:
1489:
1002:) was found on the outer side of the first copper plate. This record is dated 929-930 CE (851
523:
421:
413:
264:
144:
1863:
1036:. S. K. Dikshit identifies Vanika and Avaraka as present-day villages of Benka and Awar near
2017:
2005:
503:
337:
272:
248:
237:
233:
189:
124:
1891:(1960). "The Chāḷukyas of Kalyāṇi and the Kalachuris of Kalyāṇi". In Ghulam Yazdani (ed.).
2153:
1160:
1144:
1131:
818:
596:
244:
279:, but was ultimately defeated and killed by Tailapa some time between 994 CE and 998 CE.
1134:
on 22 December 986 CE. The date of the official charter is given as 31 December 986 CE.
824:
The two plates contain 18 and 16 lines respectively. The second plate has a part of the
2129:
1148:, a 1921 Gujarati historical novel by Kanaiyalal Munshi portrayed life of Vakpati Munja
1121:
1065:
1006:). S. K. Dikshit speculated that it might have been brought to Malwa by Munja's father
841:
798:
592:
588:
551:
476:
464:. The Gaonri plate issued by him in 981 CE records the grant of Vanika village in Huna-
2181:
2123:
2117:
1080:
1073:
975:
913:
806:
790:
774:
616:
519:
491:
487:
57:
986:
This inscription, issued in 981-982 CE (1038 VS), records the grant of a village to
2165:
929:
740:
720:
601:
511:
454:
739:
describes Munja among the four learned kings; the other three being the legendary
1943:
1932:
1892:
1874:
641:
and epigraphic evidence, Munja was succeeded by his brother (and Bhoja's father)
436:
region, resulting in a conflict between the two kingdoms. Three Chahamana rulers
2141:
2087:
1124:
1033:
1029:
995:
825:
744:
736:
705:
560:
461:
449:
dance". At the same time, the Sevadi copper plates of the later Chahamana ruler
405:
398:
342:
260:
252:
168:
2093:
2081:
2063:
1011:
999:
991:
924:(Ujjain), to increase the merit of his family. The donee was Vasantacharya, a
802:
732:
697:
649:
642:
538:
507:
390:
306:
276:
85:
1057:
1902:
1007:
1003:
963:
761:
724:
701:
564:
527:
382:
298:
1780:
1778:
1765:
1763:
673:
912:(meaning unknown) called Pipparika, which was located on the banks of the
1447:
1445:
1112:
1061:
1041:
921:
770:
709:
567:
inscription poetically boasts that he thrashed the goddess of prosperity
531:
441:
437:
417:
374:
357:
At the time of Munja's ascension, the Paramara kingdom was surrounded by
346:
217:
1854:
1750:
1748:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1682:
1680:
1643:
1641:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1044:. The donees mentioned in the plates include Brahmins from a variety of
716:. Munjapura, a former town in present-day Gujarat, was named after him.
1897:. Vol. 1 (Parts I-IV). Oxford University Press. pp. 315–468.
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1116:
1104:
1053:
1052:. Apart from Malwa, the Brahmins the came from distant regions such as
987:
925:
917:
854:
850:
794:
786:
728:
568:
291:
as the Paramara king, ascending the throne around 972 CE. According to
184:
92:
2051:
1974:
1841:
Arvind K. Singh (2012). "Interpreting the History of the Paramāras".
1569:
1567:
1127:. It is identified with the present-day Kadchha village near Gaonri.
1096:
1049:
1021:
959:
948:
882:
829:
814:
713:
662:
579:
433:
288:
199:
120:
75:
1865:
Dhanapāla and His Times: A Socio-cultural Study Based Upon His Works
1542:
1540:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1372:
1370:
1357:
1355:
1330:
1328:
591:
states that Tailapa imprisoned Utpala (another name for Munja). The
1298:
1296:
1250:
1248:
1223:
1221:
735:
quotes three stanzas composed by him. The 12th century Jain writer
2069:
2009:
1100:
1045:
858:
846:
748:
672:
632:
583:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1172:, a 2018 Indian TV series aired on Sony Entertainment Television
693:
685:
315:
1978:
1040:. H. V. Trivedi identifies them as Bani and Avra villages near
1079:
The grant was made on 16 October 981 CE, on the occasion of a
832:
in human form, about to strike a snake held in its left hand.
958:
Like the Dharampuri grant, this inscription also begins with
1913:
Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D
920:
in Dhar district. The king made the grant while staying at
460:
Like his father Siyaka II, Vakpati also fought against the
916:. K. N. Seth identifies Pipparika with Pipri village near
271:
ruler). He also achieved some early successes against the
530:
of present-day Gujarat, and Munja fought with their king
1796:
1784:
1769:
1754:
1739:
1727:
1715:
1698:
1686:
1671:
1659:
1647:
853:), requesting him to protect the world also mentioning
1287:
312:
Munja is also known as "Vakpati" (Master of speech),
1087:
as Rudraditya, and ends with the royal sign-manual.
769:
The following inscriptions of Munja, all written in
2044:
2016:
1609:
1585:
1573:
1546:
1531:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1419:
1407:
1376:
1334:
1302:
1266:
1239:
1227:
1212:
1188:
939:(the officer-in-charge of registering the grants).
213:
205:
195:
183:
167:
157:
143:
131:
114:
110:
91:
81:
71:
63:
56:
30:
19:For the historical fictions based on his life, see
1597:
1519:
1436:
1395:
1361:
1254:
1200:
608:The exact year of Munja's death is not certain.
1346:
1319:
828:of the king. It also shows the Paramara emblem
2028:Vairisimha I (9th century, possibly fictional)
1156:, a 1924 silent film directed by Manilal Joshi
953:Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
887:Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
877:Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
870:Parama-bhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
514:, and therefore, wanted to control Malwa. The
243:Munja achieved military successes against the
1990:
1622:Rao Saheb Vishvanath Narayan Mandlik (1875).
599:states that Munja was killed by Tailapa. The
8:
1558:
1634:(XXIX). Asiatic Society of Bombay: 127–132.
1164:, a 1943 Hindi film directed by Sohrab Modi
1020:As with other inscriptions, it begins with
2031:Siyaka I (9th century, possibly fictional)
1997:
1983:
1975:
1169:Prithvi Vallabh - Itihaas Bhi, Rahasya Bhi
27:
1934:The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa
1810:"Get a sneak peek into 'Prithvi Vallabh'"
1624:"Salivahana and the Salivahana Saptasati"
1010:, who had sacked the Rashtrakuta capital
1628:Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay
1491:History of Classical Sanskrit Literature
228:(reigned c. 972-990s CE), also known as
135:Kusumavati (according to Rajavallabha's
1956:Ancient Indian History and Civilization
1181:
908:The inscription records the grant of a
817:, and first translated into English by
789:. It is dated 3 September 974 CE (1031
605:also states that Munja died in Deccan.
518:inscription states that Munja attacked
1876:Inscriptions of the Paramāras (Part 2)
1130:The grant was made on the occasion of
154:
1894:The Early History of the Deccan Parts
677:Munja Talao or Munj Talab, a pond in
327:. In addition, he assumed the titles
7:
1843:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1494:. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 502.
1060:, Uttara-Kula, Savathika (possibly
631:, Munja's successor was his nephew
486:further claims that he subdued the
149:Chandana (speculated by K.N. Seth)
14:
502:Munja was a staunch rival of the
404:Munja also defeated the ruler of
1873:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi (1991).
947:This inscription, discovered in
781:974–975 Dharampuri copper plates
21:Prithvi Vallabh (disambiguation)
692:. Munja also built temples and
669:Cultural and welfare activities
2060:alias Vakpati II (c. 972-990s)
1881:Archaeological Survey of India
835:The inscription begins with a
1:
453:call Shobhita as the Lord of
2198:10th-century Indian monarchs
2034:Vakpati I (9th-10th century)
1953:Shailendra Nath Sen (1999).
1948:. Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan.
1945:Bhoja Paramāra and His Times
1931:Krishna Narain Seth (1978).
1862:Ganga Prasad Yadava (1982).
1797:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1785:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1770:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1755:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1740:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1728:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1716:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1699:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1687:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1672:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1660:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1648:Harihar Vitthal Trivedi 1991
1488:M. Srinivasachariar (1974).
982:981-982 Gaonri copper plates
1910:Kailash Chand Jain (1972).
1288:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri 1960
994:containing a record of the
297:by the 14th century writer
2219:
868:Krishna-raja-deva (titled
498:War with Tailapa and death
18:
2037:Vairisimha (10th century)
1959:. New Age International.
627:According to Merutunga's
341:, which were used by the
232:, was the ruler from the
174:
162:
153:
35:
1610:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1586:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1574:Shailendra Nath Sen 1999
1547:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1532:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1476:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1464:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1452:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1420:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1408:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1377:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1335:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1303:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1267:Ganga Prasad Yadava 1982
1240:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1228:Ganga Prasad Yadava 1982
1213:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1189:Krishna Narain Seth 1978
1099:dedicated to Srikantha (
1091:986 Gaonri copper plates
892:Vakpati-raja-deva alias
875:Vairisimha-deva (titled
839:symbol, followed by two
777:, have been discovered.
635:. However, according to
610:Subhashita-Ratna-Sandoha
416:, the defeated king was
410:Auchitya-vichara-charcha
359:Chahamanas of Shakambari
1916:. Motilal Banarsidass.
1598:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
1520:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
1437:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
1396:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
1362:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
1255:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
1201:Kailash Chand Jain 1972
764:of Munja's inscriptions
1889:K. A. Nilakanta Sastri
1056:, Dakshina (southern)
813:'s Archives Office in
681:
638:Nava-sahasanka-charita
381:in the south; and the
16:Paramara Gurjara Ruler
2025:Upendra (9th century)
1942:Mahesh Singh (1984).
1120:(subdivision) of the
809:. It was sent to the
747:, and Munja's nephew
676:
363:Chahamanas of Naddula
1347:Arvind K. Singh 2012
1320:Arvind K. Singh 2012
998:king Suvarnavansha (
811:Central India Agency
629:Prabandha-Chintamani
379:Chalukyas of Kalyani
294:Prabandha-Chintamani
163:Vakpati Munja Parmar
1454:, pp. 103–104.
1439:, pp. 339–340.
371:Kalachuris of Chedi
367:Guhilas of Medapata
259:, and the ruler of
67:c. 972 CE - 990s CE
1818:. 4 September 2017
1815:The Times of India
1534:, p. 108-112.
1138:In popular culture
682:
563:. Bhillama's 1000
369:in the north; the
2175:
2174:
1923:978-81-208-0824-9
1787:, pp. 25–26.
1772:, pp. 19–20.
1701:, pp. 11–12.
1662:, pp. 10–11.
1559:Mahesh Singh 1984
1349:, pp. 17–18.
1103:) and Mura-ripu (
1076:and Madhyadesha.
1028:(subdivision) of
928:philosopher from
894:Amoghavarsha-deva
696:(embankments) in
547:Udaipur Prashasti
516:Udaipur Prashasti
484:Udaipur Prashasti
473:Udaipur Prashasti
471:According to the
414:Dasharatha Sharma
377:in the east; the
321:Vakpati-raja-deva
223:
222:
179:
178:
45:Parama-Bhattaraka
43:Vakpati-raja-deva
2210:
2193:Paramara dynasty
1999:
1992:
1985:
1976:
1970:
1949:
1938:
1927:
1906:
1884:
1869:
1858:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1773:
1767:
1758:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
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1696:
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1684:
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1535:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1506:
1505:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1359:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1291:
1285:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
969:The name of the
943:980 Ujjain grant
898:Prithvi-vallabha
504:Western Chalukya
338:Prithvi-vallabha
287:Munja succeeded
273:Western Chalukya
238:Kingdom of Malwa
236:, who ruled the
234:Paramara dynasty
155:
125:Western Chalukya
37:Prithvi-Vallabha
28:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2154:Arjunavarman II
2040:
2012:
2003:
1973:
1967:
1952:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1909:
1887:
1872:
1861:
1840:
1836:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1705:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1678:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1639:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1509:
1502:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1426:
1418:
1414:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1383:
1375:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1309:
1301:
1294:
1286:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1161:Prithvi Vallabh
1153:Prithvi Vallabh
1145:Prithivivallabh
1140:
1132:winter solstice
1093:
984:
945:
842:mangala-shlokas
819:Fitzedward Hall
783:
767:
766:
765:
757:
671:
625:
597:Vikramaditya VI
595:inscription of
500:
355:
353:Military career
285:
119:
106:
50:
49:Maharajadhiraja
48:
46:
44:
42:
40:
38:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2216:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Kings of Malwa
2180:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2162:(13th century)
2157:
2156:(13th century)
2151:
2150:(c. 1255-1274)
2145:
2144:(c. 1239-1255)
2139:
2138:(c. 1218-1239)
2133:
2132:(c. 1210-1215)
2130:Arjunavarman I
2127:
2126:(c. 1194-1209)
2121:
2120:(c. 1175-1194)
2115:
2114:(c. 1144-1174)
2109:
2108:(c. 1142-1143)
2103:
2102:(c. 1133-1142)
2097:
2096:(c. 1094-1130)
2091:
2085:
2084:(c. 1070-1093)
2079:
2078:(c. 1055-1070)
2073:
2072:(c. 1010-1055)
2067:
2066:(c. 990s-1010)
2061:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1922:
1907:
1885:
1870:
1859:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1801:
1789:
1774:
1759:
1744:
1732:
1720:
1703:
1691:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1637:
1614:
1612:, p. 105.
1602:
1600:, p. 340.
1590:
1588:, p. 107.
1578:
1576:, p. 320.
1563:
1551:
1536:
1524:
1522:, p. 341.
1507:
1500:
1480:
1478:, p. 104.
1468:
1466:, p. 102.
1456:
1441:
1424:
1422:, p. 101.
1412:
1410:, p. 100.
1400:
1398:, p. 338.
1381:
1366:
1364:, p. 337.
1351:
1339:
1324:
1307:
1292:
1290:, p. 322.
1271:
1259:
1257:, p. 336.
1244:
1232:
1217:
1205:
1203:, p. 335.
1193:
1191:, p. 146.
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1157:
1149:
1139:
1136:
1111:(province) in
1092:
1089:
983:
980:
944:
941:
906:
905:
890:
885:-deva (titled
880:
873:
782:
779:
760:
759:
758:
756:
753:
670:
667:
624:
621:
589:Vikramaditya V
552:Godavari River
499:
496:
477:Vikramaditya V
387:Tilaka-Manjari
354:
351:
284:
281:
261:Gurjara region
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
181:
180:
177:
176:
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165:
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159:
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133:
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116:
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108:
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105:
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101:
97:
95:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
54:
53:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2215:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:Jayavarman II
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:Subhatavarman
2122:
2119:
2118:Vindhyavarman
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1986:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1968:
1966:9788122411980
1962:
1958:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1799:, p. 25.
1798:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1757:, p. 18.
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1742:, p. 19.
1741:
1736:
1733:
1730:, p. 16.
1729:
1724:
1721:
1718:, p. 15.
1717:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1689:, p. 11.
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1674:, p. 10.
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1653:
1650:, p. 12.
1649:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1561:, p. 17.
1560:
1555:
1552:
1549:, p. 95.
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1501:9788120802841
1497:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1446:
1442:
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1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1379:, p. 90.
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1337:, p. 99.
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:, p. 17.
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:, p. 94.
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:, p. 37.
1268:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1242:, p. 87.
1241:
1236:
1233:
1230:, p. 36.
1229:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1215:, p. 88.
1214:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1166:
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1162:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1147:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:lunar eclipse
1077:
1075:
1071:
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1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
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1039:
1035:
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1018:
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989:
981:
979:
977:
976:lunar eclipse
972:
967:
965:
961:
956:
954:
950:
942:
940:
938:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:Narmada River
911:
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
878:
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867:
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865:
862:
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852:
848:
844:
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833:
831:
827:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
807:Dhar district
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
780:
778:
776:
775:Nagari script
773:language and
772:
763:
754:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
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664:
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644:
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639:
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622:
620:
618:
617:Narmada River
613:
611:
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581:
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566:
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535:
533:
529:
525:
524:Lata Chalukya
521:
517:
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505:
497:
495:
493:
489:
485:
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474:
469:
467:
463:
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308:
304:
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296:
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227:
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208:
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198:
194:
191:
188:
186:
182:
173:
170:
166:
161:
156:
152:
148:
146:
142:
138:
137:Bhojacharitra
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
113:
109:
102:
99:
98:
96:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:
58:King of Malwa
55:
52:
34:
31:Vakpati Munja
29:
26:
22:
2166:Mahalakadeva
2111:
2106:Jayavarman I
2057:
2054:(c. 948-972)
2018:Early rulers
1955:
1944:
1933:
1912:
1893:
1875:
1864:
1849:(1): 13–28.
1846:
1842:
1834:Bibliography
1820:. Retrieved
1813:
1804:
1792:
1735:
1723:
1694:
1667:
1655:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1605:
1593:
1581:
1554:
1527:
1490:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1415:
1403:
1342:
1262:
1235:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1167:
1159:
1152:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1108:
1094:
1084:
1078:
1025:
1019:
1016:
985:
970:
968:
957:
952:
946:
936:
934:
930:Ahichchhatra
909:
907:
902:Sri-vallabha
901:
897:
893:
886:
876:
869:
863:
840:
836:
834:
823:
784:
768:
755:Inscriptions
741:Vikramaditya
718:
683:
655:
647:
636:
628:
626:
614:
609:
607:
602:Ain-i-Akbari
600:
577:
573:
546:
542:
541:poem called
536:
515:
512:Rashtrakutas
501:
483:
481:
472:
470:
459:
431:
409:
403:
395:
386:
356:
336:
333:Sri-vallabha
332:
329:Amoghavarsha
328:
324:
320:
313:
311:
292:
286:
263:(possibly a
242:
229:
225:
224:
136:
51:Parameshvara
41:Sri-Vallabha
39:Amoghavarsha
36:
25:
2203:990s deaths
2168:(died 1305)
2142:Jaitugideva
2112:Interregnum
2100:Yashovarman
2090:(c. 1080s?)
2088:Lakshmadeva
2076:Jayasimha I
1937:. Progress.
1822:4 September
996:Rashtrakuta
826:sign manual
745:Shalivahana
737:Hemachandra
561:Bhillama II
446:Vigrahapala
399:Chittorgarh
343:Rashtrakuta
325:Utpala-raja
169:Regnal name
72:Predecessor
47:Utpala-Raja
2182:Categories
2094:Naravarman
2082:Udayaditya
2064:Sindhuraja
2045:Sovereigns
1868:. Concept.
1177:References
1012:Manyakheta
1000:Govinda IV
992:palimpsest
803:Dharampuri
762:Find spots
733:Kshemendra
721:Dhananjaya
702:Maheshvara
698:Dharmapuri
650:astrologer
643:Sindhuraja
623:Successors
543:Munja-rasa
539:Apabhramsa
528:Chaulukyas
508:Tailapa II
391:Tailapa II
383:Chaulukyas
307:Sindhuraja
283:Early life
277:Tailapa II
257:Kalachuris
245:Chahamanas
230:Vakpati II
175:Vakpati II
118:994-998 CE
103:Rudraditya
100:Kaṇhapaika
86:Sindhuraja
2006:Paramaras
1072:region),
1008:Siyaka II
964:Harsidhhi
821:in 1861.
725:Halayudha
723:, Bhatta
565:Sangamner
451:Ratnapala
426:Pratihara
422:Chaulukya
375:Chandelas
299:Merutunga
269:Pratihara
265:Chaulukya
82:Successor
2160:Bhoja II
2136:Devapala
1903:59001459
1855:41490371
1113:Ujjayani
1070:Dinajpur
1062:Savatthi
1042:Shamgarh
988:Brahmins
922:Ujjayani
896:(titled
771:Sanskrit
729:Kashmiri
714:Ujjayani
710:Mandhata
532:Mularaja
490:and the
442:Baliraja
438:Shobhita
418:Mularaja
373:and the
365:and the
347:Khottiga
314:Vakpati-
218:Hinduism
214:Religion
190:Paramara
127:kingdom)
1125:mandala
1117:vishaya
1105:Krishna
1097:shlokas
1054:Magadha
1034:mandala
1022:shlokas
960:shlokas
926:Brahmin
918:Manawar
855:Lakshmi
851:Krishna
837:siddham
799:Kartika
795:Chaitra
787:Gujarat
569:Lakshmi
559:vassal
492:Keralas
466:mandala
406:Gurjara
249:Guhilas
185:Dynasty
93:Pradhan
2052:Siyaka
1963:
1920:
1901:
1853:
1498:
1122:Avanti
1109:bhukti
1085:dapaka
1050:shakha
1046:gotras
971:dapaka
949:Ujjain
937:dapaka
910:taḍāra
883:Siyaka
830:Garuda
815:Indore
793:), if
706:Omkara
580:Deccan
557:Yadava
488:Cholas
434:Marwar
420:, the
361:, the
323:, and
289:Siyaka
255:, the
251:, the
247:, the
209:Vadaja
206:Mother
200:Siyaka
196:Father
132:Spouse
121:Deccan
76:Siyaka
2070:Bhoja
2058:Munja
2010:Malwa
1851:JSTOR
1101:Shiva
1066:Bogra
1058:Raḍha
1026:bhoga
859:Radha
847:Shiva
749:Bhoja
731:poet
694:ghats
690:Mandu
686:Dhara
679:Mandu
663:Jalor
633:Bhoja
593:Gadag
584:Bhoja
506:king
462:Hunas
455:Dhara
303:munja
275:king
253:Hunas
226:Munja
158:Names
145:Issue
64:Reign
1961:ISBN
1918:ISBN
1899:OCLC
1824:2017
1496:ISBN
1074:Lata
1048:and
1038:Agar
1030:Huna
1004:Saka
900:and
857:and
743:and
712:and
661:and
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