400:(GIS) divides it. It combines several types of information into a single picture. The base map is physical features (roads, city limits, county boundaries) onto which other variables (e.g. race, income, water service, etc.). If needed, the processing system can also show other types of economic variables to draw conclusions about the area. Once the individuals begin to understand this information and realize what is happening to them, they have the power to hold the government accountable and can fight back against the institutionalized discrimination.
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refers to the unjust and discriminatory mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals by society and its institutions as a whole, through unequal selection or bias, intentional or unintentional; as opposed to individuals making a conscious choice to discriminate. It stems from systemic
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in education may represent an example of institutionalized discrimination. Two recent studies aimed to explain the complications of assessing educational progress within the United States. One study focused on high school graduation rates, whereas the other study compared dropout rates in
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among many other. Routines that encourage the selection of one individual over another, for instance in an employment situation, is a form of institutionalized discrimination. The phenomenon occurs unintentionally at times.
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schools. By taking a closer look at statistics of test scores and academic achievement, researchers noticed that wealthy whites do better than blacks, poor whites, and
Latinos. According to Star Parker, reporter of the
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are at a much higher risk of encountering these types of sociostructural disadvantage. Among the severe and long-lasting detrimental effects of institutionalized discrimination on affected populations are
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decision. Institutionalized discrimination often exists within the government, though it can also occur in any other type of social institution including religion, education and marriage.
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addresses many of the problems faced by
African Americans in the United States and how their current social and economic situations compare to one another. These issues include the
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U.S. Supreme Court case. The court ruled in favor of separate but equal public facilities between
African Americans and non-African Americans. This ruling was overturned by the
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stereotypical beliefs (such as sexist or racist beliefs) that are held by the vast majority living in a society where stereotypes and discrimination are the norm (see
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agents survey white homeowners in an area can cause a shift in the composition of a neighborhood. Although the concept of blockbusting has been
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area, and included minorities in local planning that have historically been excluded rendering them insufficient
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Examples of institutionalized discrimination include laws and decisions that reflect racism, such as the
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Aronson, E., Wilson, T. D., & Akert, R. M. (2010). Social
Psychology (7th edition). New York: Pearson.
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Institutionalized discrimination also exists in institutions aside from the
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As community boundaries are not visible, a mapping process from the
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unintentional segregation continues to define neighborhoods today.
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Thomas
Shapiro; Tatjana Meschede; Sam Osoro (2013-02-25).
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469:. Waltham, US: Institute on Assets and Social Policy
526:Cedar Grove Institute for Sustainable Communities.
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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425:Residential segregation in the United States
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
488:"Minorities cite health care disparities"
415:Environmental racism in the United States
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
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174:This article includes a list of general
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