25:
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348:, which was founded on July 4 of the same year, merged into Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) in 1996 and the latter has practically disposed the totality of its owned shares with the exception of HUNOSA and a few other industries. In 1995 the INI was abolished.
238:(naval shipyards), Astilleros Españoles–AESA (civilian shipyards), E.N. Santa Bárbara (weapons), E.N. Elcano (merchant shipping line), ATESA (Autotransporte TurĂstico Español S.A.; operator), ENTURSA (Empresa Nacional de Turismo S.A.; tourism) and others.
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INI included a broad range of companies, from heavy and basic industries to "soft" services, most of them with E.N., standing for
Empresa Nacional (National Corporation), in their names. Among them were:
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Despite its inefficiencies, INI was instrumental in moving the mostly underdeveloped primary-sector-focused closed Spain of the 1940s to the booming Spain of the 1960s and early 1970s of the so-called
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178:. To achieve its goal, INI either financed on its own or directed private funds to the creation of the country's fundamental industries under the spirit of the national interest and
163:. It aimed to promote the development of Spanish industry and the self-sufficiency of the Spanish economy. It aimed to overturn the effects of the devastation caused by the
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230:(Empresa Nacional de Electricidad S.A.; power), ENFERSA (Empresa Nacional de Fertilizantes S.A.; fertilizers), E.N. Calvo Sotelo (petrochemicals), E.N. Bazán–ASTANO (
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253:(Construcciones Aeronáuticas S.A.). It absorbed failed companies in order to service debt, among other purposes. In the mid-to late 1970s,
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337:) over which it would pass all shares owned in every company's capital it had still participated. The new company named
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318:. Most of its companies were privatized in the 1980s and early 1990s. In this process, ENSIDESA was taken over by
35:
460:
272:(CTE) were among the non-functional companies that were integrated into the Instituto Nacional de Industria.
82:
218:(RefinerĂa de PetrĂłleos de Escombreras Oil; oil and gas), ENCE (Empresa Nacional de Celulosas de España) (
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330:, Calvo Sotelo by Repsol, and so on. Others, including ENDESA and Iberia, have kept their independence.
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303:(CompañĂa TelefĂłnica Nacional de España; telecommunications) that were never under INI's control.
431:
MartĂn Aceña, P. et ComĂn, F. (1991) "INI: 50 Años de
Industrialización en España". Espasa Calpe.
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INI also assisted mergers and integration, including of private enterprises, like the airlines
214:(Sociedad Española de Automóviles de Turismo; cars), INH (Instituto Nacional de Hidrocarburos)–
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In the 1980s, when the
Spanish economy was fully opened to international trade and joined the
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The INI was established on 25 September 1941 with a starting capital of fifty million
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LEY DE 25 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1941 por la que se crea el
Instituto Nacional de Industria
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for the development of industry and social control. It was succeeded by the
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However, there were other
Spanish state owned companies such as
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Grupo
Empresarial ENCE - Empresa Nacional de Celulosa España
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Spanish state-owned financing and industrial holding company
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by carrying out in Spain functions similar to those of the
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In 1992 INI was entitled to create a new holding company (
226:), ENDASA (Empresa Nacional de Aluminio S.A.; aluminium),
287:(Red Nacional de los Ferrocarriles Españoles; railways),
279:(CompañĂa Arrendataria del Monopolio de PetrĂłleos S.A.;
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186:), INI soon turned itself into the biggest industrial
249:(AviaciĂłn y Comercio), and the aircraft manufacturer
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Financial services companies disestablished in 1995
428:, Centro de DocumentaciĂłn, Arhivo General del SEPI.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
182:. Although its first acts ended in failure (e.g.,
571:Financial services companies established in 1941
149:Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales
135:, National Institute of Industry) was a Spanish
8:
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509:CompañĂa Transatlántica Española - History
245:(Iberia LĂneas AĂ©reas de España S.A.) and
381:Juan Carlos Guerra Zunzunegui (1974–1975)
356:The chairmen of the INI were as follows:
169:Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
586:Holding companies disestablished in 1995
206:(Empresa Nacional de Autocamiones S.A.)–
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591:Spanish companies established in 1941
566:Holding companies established in 1941
521:"BOE.es - Documento BOE-A-1995-14891"
7:
387:Francisco Giménez Torres (1977–1978)
198:(Empresa Nacional Siderúrgica S.A.)–
47:adding citations to reliable sources
596:Government-owned companies of Spain
264:(Hulleras del Norte S.A.), a large
390:José Miguel de la Rica (1978–1981)
384:José Miguel Antoñanzas (1975–1977)
232:Astilleros y Talleres del Noroeste
14:
402:Luis Carlos Croissier (1984–1986)
58:"Instituto Nacional de Industria"
270:CompañĂa Transatlántica Española
23:
576:1995 disestablishments in Spain
129:Instituto Nacional de Industria
34:needs additional citations for
268:coal mining conglomerate, and
1:
561:Government of Francoist Spain
426:"Fondos histĂłricos del INI"
376:Francisco Fernández Ordóñez
308:European Economic Community
612:
482:BoletĂn Oficial del Estado
411:Jordi Mercader (1988–1990)
551:Economic history of Spain
424:Laruelo Rueda, E. (2005)
372:Claudio Boada (1970–1974)
369:Julio Calleja (1969–1970)
139:financing and industrial
414:Javier Salas (1990–1995)
399:Enrique Moya (1982–1984)
366:José Sirvent (1963–1969)
312:
125:
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361:Juan Antonio Suanzes
43:improve this article
453:"History:Grupo INI"
463:on 16 January 2014
293:public broadcaster
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165:Spanish Civil War
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459:. Archived from
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406:Claudio Aranzadi
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335:Sociedad AnĂłnima
324:Volkswagen Group
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281:filling stations
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171:(IRI) in Italy.
151:(SEPI) in 1995.
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32:This article
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528:. Retrieved
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467:17 September
465:. Retrieved
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
408:(1986–1988)
396:(1981–1982)
363:(1941–1963)
342: [
326:, ENASA by
258: [
137:state-owned
545:Categories
530:2020-02-24
525:www.boe.es
436:References
352:Presidents
322:, SEAT by
301:TelefĂłnica
297:Tabacalera
210:(trucks),
190:of Spain.
69:newspapers
220:cellulose
202:(steel),
266:Asturian
236:Navantia
224:biofuels
200:Aceralia
196:Ensidesa
99:May 2008
484:(BOE) "
320:Arcelor
180:autarky
161:pesetas
155:History
83:scholar
378:(1974)
277:Campsa
255:HUNOSA
247:Aviaco
243:Iberia
228:Endesa
216:Repsol
208:Pegaso
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346:]
339:TENEO
328:Iveco
285:RENFE
262:]
204:Enasa
184:Adaro
90:JSTOR
76:books
556:SEAT
469:2013
457:SEPI
289:RTVE
251:CASA
212:SEAT
62:news
295:),
283:),
133:INI
45:by
547::
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455:.
444:^
344:es
260:es
234:)–
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533:.
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291:(
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