930:(also known as a lift sheet) is laid on top of the fitted sheet at the center, where it will lie beneath the patient's midsection. The draw sheet is commonly used to assist in lifting or repositioning the patient. Sheets positioned under the patient are securely tucked in to prevent the formation of wrinkles, which can contribute to skin breakdown. A top sheet and a blanket are then placed over the bed, with the corners neatly mitered.
868:
3661:
464:
774:
3671:
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from adults to perform ADLs, as they have not yet developed the skills necessary to perform them independently. Aging and disabilities, affecting individuals across different age groups, can significantly alter a person's daily life. Such changes must be carefully managed to maintain health and well-being.
743:
Skills in assisting with ADLs are required in nursing and other professions, such as nursing assistants in hospitals, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, and other long-term care settings. This includes assisting in patient mobility, such as repositioning an activity-intolerant patient in bed.
979:
Pervasive computing technology was considered to determine the wellness of the elderly living independently in their homes. The framework of the intelligent system consists of monitoring important daily activities through the observation of everyday object usage. The improved wellness indices helped
901:, patients must be placed on aspiration precautions. The feeding rate and bite sizes are tailored to each patient's tolerance. Dietary modifications, as recommended by a nutrition consultation, can include chopping, mincing, pureeing, or adding thickeners to make swallowing easier. For patients with
818:
A bed bath involves using a bath blanket to cover the patient, ensuring that only the area being washed is exposed at any given time. This practice maintains privacy and keeps the patient warm. Typically, the eyes are cleansed first, using water without soap to prevent irritation. Each eye should be
593:
The
Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is a tool developed in 1983 that uses a 0 to 7 scale to evaluate different ADLs based on the level of assistance required. A score of 7 indicates that the individual is independent, while a score of 0 signifies that the individual cannot perform the activity
582:
Functional mobility, often referred to as "transferring." This includes the ability to walk, get in and out of bed, and get into and out of a chair. The broader definition covers moving from one place to another while performing activities and is useful for people with varying physical abilities who
550:
ADLs are categorized into basic self-care tasks (typically learned in infancy) or instrumental tasks generally learned throughout adolescence. A person who cannot perform essential ADLs may have a poorer quality of life or be unsafe in their current living conditions; therefore, they may require the
1085:
Life skills programmes may reduce the risk of not improving in day-to-day functioning for general household activity skills when compared with standard care, but, at present, it is not possible to be confident about the difference between the two treatments and data supporting this finding are very
1021:
Katz et al. (1963) made a claim that became the basis for the ontological assumptions of the ADL research tradition. In their suggestion that there was an "ordered regression as part of the natural process of aging" (p. 918), there was an implicit generalization, from their sample of older persons
1006:
patients over an 18-month period, collecting comprehensive data on their treatments, progression, and outcomes. Analysis of the data revealed that the patients perceived as most independent were able to perform a range of basic activities, from the more complex task of bathing to the simpler one of
757:
In community residential care settings, it is essential for personal assistants, doctors, and nurses to recognize that illness can alter a patient's mental state, affecting their reactions to change and possibly leading to behaviors such as fussiness or capriciousness. Providing care with patience,
730:
employ exercises to help patients maintain and improve independence in ADLs. The exercise program is tailored to the patient's specific deficits, which may include walking speed, strength, balance, and coordination. A slow walking speed has been linked to an increased risk of falls; thus, exercises
546:
Common activities of daily living (ADLs) include feeding oneself, bathing, dressing, grooming, working, homemaking, and managing personal hygiene after using the toilet. A number of national surveys have collected data on the ADL status of the U.S. population. Although basic definitions of ADLs are
542:
In 1969, Lawton and Brody developed the concept of
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) to capture the range of activities that support independent living. These are often utilized in caring for individuals with disabilities, injuries, and the elderly. Younger children often require help
884:
To maintain self-esteem, patients are involved as much as possible in their care. Their preferences for the order of consuming their meal items are respected. Condiments are provided, and food is prepared according to each patient's preferences. Adequate liquid is supplied with the meal. Necessary
875:
When making an occupied bed, for instance for patients who cannot or have difficulty getting out of bed, the bed is made one side at a time. However, for patients for whom rolling to the side is contraindicated, such as those recovering from hip replacement surgery, the process is modified. These
748:
support of 20 or more hours a week for people with impairments. A 2008 review suggested that personal assistance may offer benefits to some elderly individuals and their informal caretakers. Further research is required to evaluate the efficiency of different personal assistance models and their
735:. After initiating an exercise program, it is important to maintain the routine. Otherwise, the benefits will be lost. For frail patients, regular exercise is vital in preserving functional independence and preventing the need for external assistance or placement in a long-term care facility.
1048:
Currently, there is no good evidence to suggest ADL skills programmes are effective for people with chronic mental illnesses. More robust data is needed from studies that are adequately powered to determine whether skills training is beneficial for people with chronic mental health problems.
1107:
Life skills programmes may reduce the risk of not improving in day-to-day functioning for laundry skills when compared with standard care, but, at present it is not possible to be confident about the difference between the two treatments and data supporting this finding are very limited.
1783:
GinĂ©-Garriga, Maria; RoquĂ©-FĂguls, Marta; Coll-Planas, Laura; SitjĂ -Rabert, Mercè; SalvĂ , Antoni (2014). "Physical
Exercise Interventions for Improving Performance-Based Measures of Physical Function in Community-Dwelling, Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis".
2148:
765:. Nursing care is usually divided into general and specialized care. Particular difficulties arise when caring for the severely ill. A healthy workspace is an important factor. If caregivers are mistreated or burnt out, it can lead to residents being neglected and mistreated.
723:
evaluate and use therapeutic interventions to rebuild the skills required to maintain, regain, or increase a person's independence in all
Activities of Daily Living may have diminished due to physical or mental health conditions, injuries, or age-related impairments.
996:. Unlike studies investigating specific disease outcomes, research employing ADL assessments is sensitive to a wider range of health effects, including those with lower levels of impact. ADL is measured on a continuous scale, which simplifies the research process.
1095:
1124:
Life skills programmes make no difference to self-care when compared with standard care, but, at present it is not possible to be confident about the difference between these two treatments. This finding is based on data of very limited quality.
2137:
1016:
Although the scale offers a standardized measure of psychological and biological function, the process of arriving at this assumption has been criticized. Specifically, Porter has argued for a phenomenological approach noting that:
830:
should be washed from the least contaminated area to the most contaminated area. In females, this involves spreading the labia and washing from the pubic area toward the anal area, never in reverse. For males, the tip of the
863:
For individuals with one side weaker than the other (e.g., due to a stroke), it is recommended to dress the weaker side first using the stronger arm. Conversely, when undressing, the stronger side should be undressed first.
547:
established, what specifically constitutes a particular ADL can vary for each individual. Cultural background and education level are among the factors that can influence a person's perception of their functional abilities.
913:
For individuals on suicide watch, meals are provided in plastic or paper containers accompanied by plastic utensils (excluding knives), and the use of sharp objects is permitted only under continuous staff supervision.
1026:
Porter emphasizes the possible disease-specific nature of ADLs (being derived from hip-fracture patients), the need for an objective definition of ADLs, and the possible value of adding additional functional measures.
3250:
2084:
538:
and his team at the
Benjamin Rose Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio. Since then, numerous researchers have expanded on the concept of ADLs. For instance, many indexes that assess ADLs now incorporate measures of mobility.
806:. To protect the patient's head from injury during repositioning, a pillow is commonly placed at the head of the bed. To move a bedridden patient up in bed, caregivers utilize either a friction-reducing sheet or a
744:
Hygiene assistance may involve giving bed baths and helping with urinary and bowel elimination. Personal care assistants are required to adhere to established standards of care. Personal assistance is defined as
1199:
On average, people receiving a life skills programme scored 0.02 lower than people treated with standard care. There was no clear difference between the groups and this finding is based on data of very limited
3286:
2327:
N. K. Suryadevara and S. C. Mukhopadhyay, "Determining
Wellness through an Ambient Assisted Living Environment," in IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 30-37, May–June 2014, doi: 10.1109/MIS.2014.16.
1690:
823:. A clean section of the cloth is used, or the cloth is rinsed before cleaning the second eye, to prevent the spreading of any organisms. After washing, each area is dried before moving on to the next.
1515:
876:
patients are assisted into a sitting position while the caregiver makes the top half of the bed. Once completed, the patient is then helped to lie back while the bottom half of the bed is made.
192:
551:
help of other individuals and/or mechanical devices. Examples of mechanical devices to aid in ADLs include electric lifting chairs, bathtub transfer benches and ramps to replace stairs.
3266:
758:
tact, concentration, discipline, and compassion is crucial to building trust with patients, maintaining their confidence, and supporting the success of their treatment and recovery.
636:
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are not essential for basic day-to-day functioning, but they enable an individual to maintain a level of independence in a community.
2056:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 1058-1060.
1870:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 1056-1057.
761:
Because nursing care requires a great deal of attention and energy, nursing staff in some countries are often required to have national license as nurses, such as having passed the
2113:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 910-911.
2065:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins, page 896-899.
3379:
3276:
1336:
839:
is gently retracted, washed, and then promptly returned to its original position to prevent restricting circulation. For children, the foreskin is not retracted to avoid injury.
2588:
2127:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1184.
2074:
Taylor, C. R.; Lillis, C.; LeMone, P.; Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Nursing Care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 1263.
2172:
Taylor, C. R., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., Lynn, P. (2011) Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, page 906.
957:
In the domain of disability, measures have been developed to capture functional recovery in performing basic activities of daily living. Amongst them, some measures like the
2092:
3307:
905:, a clock face analogy is commonly used to describe the position of meal items. When not contraindicated by dysphagia, straws are provided to help prevent spills.
1684:
3281:
1592:
973:
969:
1146:
Life skills programme makes no clear difference to the risk of loss to follow-up compared with standard care. Data supporting this finding are very limited.
897:
are put in place before mealtime. Oral hygiene is important after eating and includes brushing teeth, cleaning dentures, and using mouthwash. For those with
502:
1007:
feeding themselves. Based on these findings, Katz developed a scale to evaluate a patient's capacity for living. This scale was first published in the 1963
3119:
1449:
1403:
1009:
329:
3470:
1471:
671:
938:
Wound dressings can be categorized into several types, including hydrocolloid, hydrogel, alginate, collagen, foam, transparent, and cloth dressings.
2581:
951:
946:
Several evaluation tools are available to assess Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), including the
182:
3505:
3369:
3271:
2987:
3612:
2992:
762:
1173:
People receiving life skills programme scored the same as people receiving standard care. Findings are based on data of very limited quality.*
1034:
examined the effectiveness of programmes designed to teach activities of daily living skills, specifically to individuals with schizophrenia:
2819:
1586:
1932:
1762:
3338:
1985:
1233:
1165:
790:
Patients who are immobile should be repositioned at least every two hours to prevent the development of pressure ulcers, commonly known as
293:
1420:
3581:
2574:
2339:"Impact of Pain on Activities of Daily Living in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA)"
2218:
1328:
968:
Most models of health care service use ADL evaluations in their practice, including the medical (or institutional) models, such as the
3475:
3374:
3328:
2144:
1712:
369:
1615:"Underestimating Physical Function Gains: Comparing FIM Motor Subscale and interRAI Post Acute Care Activities of Daily Living Scale"
3674:
3007:
1652:
628:"DEATH" can be helpful for recalling different ADLs: Dressing/bathing, Eating, Ambulating (moving/walking), Toileting, and Hygiene.
473:
3173:
3035:
1821:"Extended Exercise Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture Improves Patients' Physical Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"
1262:
962:
495:
359:
202:
99:
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3112:
2997:
2954:
958:
3490:
3434:
3055:
3002:
2522:
364:
221:
152:
1553:
3695:
3541:
3302:
3178:
3086:
2437:
Gurland, Barry J.; Maurer, Mathew S. (2012). "Life and Works of Sidney Katz, MD: A Life Marked by Fundamental Discovery".
2199:
177:
1885:
Montgomery, P.; Mayo-Wilson, E.; Dennis, J. (2008-01-23). "Personal assistance for older adults (65+) without dementia".
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1257:
298:
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2088:
488:
313:
308:
65:
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1686:
CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment in Family Medicine, 3e > Chapter 39. Healthy Aging & Assessing Older Adults
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3105:
172:
70:
31:
2232:"Functional recovery measures for spinal cord injury: an evidence-based review for clinical practice and research"
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2812:
318:
94:
1445:
1400:
3510:
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1267:
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197:
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as well as urinary elimination for females. The head of the bed is raised to assist in voiding or defecating.
3624:
3571:
3566:
3495:
3017:
2776:
446:
2008:"The National Elder Mistreatment Study 8 Years Later: Victim Mental Health Outcomes and Protective Factors"
3607:
3546:
3500:
3012:
720:
436:
2006:
Hernandez-Tejada, Melba; Acierno, Ron; Anetzberger, Georgia; Loew, Daniel; Muzzy, Wendy (November 2019).
3198:
2974:
2755:
803:
187:
17:
2281:"Outcome measures in spinal cord injury: recent assessments and recommendations for future directions"
1755:"Occupational Therapists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics"
3531:
3515:
3480:
3414:
2938:
2918:
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835:
is cleansed first, moving away from the urethral opening (meatus). If the male is uncircumcised, the
795:
667:
239:
147:
75:
674:
identifies 12 types of IADLs, which may be performed individually or as co-occupations with others.
3705:
3664:
3183:
3050:
2740:
950:, the Older Americans Resources and Services (OARS) ADL/IADL scale, the Lawton IADL scale, and the
527:
468:
122:
3710:
3597:
3419:
3147:
2893:
2888:
2500:
1924:
1754:
1614:
1507:
1247:
794:. Repositioning hospitalized patients also offers additional benefits, such as a reduced risk of
727:
531:
429:
55:
1977:
2475:
Porter, Eileen Jones (1995). "A Phenomenological Alternative to the" ADL Research Tradition"".
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2191:
2029:
1906:
1898:
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1842:
1801:
1732:
1634:
1613:
Glenny, Christine; Stolee, Paul; Thompson, Mary; Husted, Janice; Berg, Katherine (June 2012).
1582:
1545:
1499:
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1378:
1310:
1031:
902:
570:
274:
234:
117:
112:
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3536:
3449:
3193:
3081:
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2686:
2542:
2534:
2484:
2446:
2401:
2360:
2350:
2300:
2292:
2251:
2243:
2037:
2019:
1890:
1832:
1793:
1724:
1626:
1483:
1370:
1300:
587:
566:
405:
400:
269:
142:
1740:
1359:"Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living1"
579:
Toilet hygiene, which involves getting to the toilet, cleaning oneself, and getting back up
3353:
2898:
2872:
2781:
1407:
1187:
947:
826:
Perineal care follows a specific protocol to minimize the transfer of microorganisms. The
799:
778:
244:
992:
studies as a measure of health in later life that does not focus exclusively on specific
819:
cleaned from the inner corner near the nose outward, to avoid transferring debris to the
2365:
2338:
3602:
3210:
2908:
2852:
2547:
2305:
2280:
2256:
2231:
2042:
2007:
441:
415:
303:
867:
3689:
3439:
3205:
2913:
1487:
1157:
1089:
259:
107:
2504:
1536:
Edemekong, Peter F.; Bomgaars, Deb L.; Sukumaran, Sukesh; Levy, Shoshana B. (2021),
1511:
1374:
3556:
3424:
3384:
2959:
2928:
2728:
2674:
2538:
2247:
1894:
1472:"Self-Assessed Health, Impairment and Disability in Anglo, Black and Cuban Elderly"
1003:
989:
923:
773:
374:
323:
249:
2024:
961:
are designed for assessment across a wide range of disabilities. Others like the
3634:
3060:
2450:
1358:
1072:
999:
890:
832:
535:
530:
often use a person's ability or inability to perform ADLs as a measure of their
410:
2488:
2183:
1797:
1630:
1537:
1329:"Measuring the Activities of Daily Living: Comparisons Across National Surveys"
3629:
3444:
3142:
3128:
2842:
2771:
2696:
2669:
2640:
2355:
2182:
Britto, Errol J.; Nezwek, Trevor A.; Popowicz, Patrycja; Robins, Marc (2023),
980:
in reducing false warnings related to the daily activities of elderly living.
927:
852:
807:
640:
392:
264:
40:
2566:
2415:
2033:
1902:
1846:
1713:"Occupational therapy practice framework: domain & practice, 2nd edition"
1495:
1382:
3429:
2903:
2828:
2735:
2724:
2702:
2636:
2406:
2389:
1305:
1288:
898:
820:
523:
254:
2556:
2496:
2458:
2423:
2374:
2314:
2265:
2195:
1910:
1854:
1805:
1736:
1638:
1549:
1314:
1953:
1728:
1503:
586:
Self-feeding, which is limited to the act of eating itself, as opposed to
3561:
2691:
2625:
1837:
1820:
993:
886:
836:
827:
791:
654:
625:
2390:"Sidney Katz, MD: A New Paradigm for Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care"
1289:"Sidney Katz, MD: A New Paradigm for Chronic Illness and Long-Term Care"
965:
are designed to evaluate participants in a specific type of disability.
3240:
2923:
2750:
2681:
2646:
2620:
2296:
1470:
Linn, Margaret W.; Hunter, Kathleen I.; Linn, Bernard S. (March 1980).
1213:* At present the meaning of these scores in day-to-day care is unclear.
894:
732:
379:
60:
27:
Term used in healthcare to refer to people's daily self-care activities
2745:
2630:
848:
731:
that enhance walking speed are crucial for safer and more functional
3287:
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
2847:
2651:
866:
772:
1978:"Ethical Challenges in the Care of Patients with Serious Illness"
1819:
Auais, Mohammad A.; Eilayyan, Owis; Mayo, Nancy E. (2012-11-01).
1669:
Bookman, A., Harrington, M., Pass, L., & Reisner, E. (2007).
522:) is a term used in healthcare to refer to an individual's daily
745:
3101:
2801:
2570:
1399:. ed. Kristine Krapp. Gale Group, Inc., 2002. eNotes.com. 2006.
678:
Care of others (including selecting and supervising caregivers)
534:. The concept of ADLs was originally proposed in the 1950s by
3097:
2797:
2138:"Suicide risk screening and suicide precautions for patients"
1579:
Current Diagnosis and Treatment: Geriatrics, Second Edition
1013:
and has been cited over 1,000 times since its publication.
926:
is placed over the mattress of a hospital bed. Often, a
1673:. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
573:, which encompasses brushing, combing, and styling hair
3277:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2523:"Life skills programmes for chronic mental illnesses"
2439:
Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
1866:
1864:
1711:
Roley SS, DeLany JV, Barrows CJ, et al. (2008).
670:
often evaluate IADLs during patient assessments. The
1575:"Consideration of Function & Functional Decline"
1287:
Noelker, Linda; Browdie, Richard (August 22, 2013).
597:
The specific breakdown of the scale is shown below:
559:
Basic ADLs consist of self-care tasks that include:
3590:
3524:
3463:
3397:
3362:
3316:
3295:
3259:
3233:
3226:
3166:
3135:
3069:
3028:
2973:
2947:
2881:
2835:
2764:
2714:
2660:
2611:
2521:Tungpunkom, P; Maayan, N; Soares-Weiser, K (2012).
663:
Using the telephone or other forms of communication
2388:Noelker, Linda S.; Browdie, Richard (2014-02-01).
1357:Lawton, M. Powell; Brody, Elaine M. (1969-10-01).
1194:Average score (Quality of Well-Being Scale index).
1786:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
1619:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
1038:Life skills programme compared to standard care
972:, and the resident-centered models, such as the
2190:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1544:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1019:
3282:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
3113:
2813:
2582:
974:Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly
496:
8:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2606:Used to refer to daily self-care activities
1887:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1581:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. pp. 3–4.
1397:Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health
1010:Journal of the American Medical Association
3670:
3471:Augmentative and alternative communication
3230:
3120:
3106:
3098:
2820:
2806:
2798:
2589:
2575:
2567:
2516:
2514:
1054:
503:
489:
36:
2546:
2405:
2364:
2354:
2304:
2255:
2041:
2023:
1836:
1395:"Activities of Daily Living Evaluation."
1304:
1203:MD 0.02 lower (0.07 lower to 0.03 higher)
1022:with fractured hips to all older persons.
988:ADL evaluations are increasingly used in
708:Safety procedures and emergency responses
672:American Occupational Therapy Association
1036:
952:Bristol Activities of Daily Living Scale
3506:Disproportionality in special education
2988:Nursing home care in the United Kingdom
2527:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1279:
39:
18:Instrumental activities of daily living
2993:Nursing home care in the United States
1880:
1878:
1876:
100:Individualized Education Program (IEP)
2470:
2468:
2337:Singh A; et al. (May 20, 2024).
370:Disabled Peoples' International (DPI)
7:
2085:"Dressing tips for stroke survivors"
1421:"MedicineNet.com Medical Dictionary"
1166:Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
970:Roper–Logan–Tierney model of nursing
583:can still move around independently.
294:Social Security Disability Insurance
3613:Disability in children's literature
2154:from the original on 4 January 2017
851:is used for bed-bound patients for
657:for groceries and other necessities
3476:Emotional or behavioral disability
2145:University of Texas Medical Branch
699:Home establishment and maintenance
641:Cleaning and maintaining the house
25:
3008:Social care in the United Kingdom
2661:
781:used for those with hip fractures
696:Health management and maintenance
3669:
3660:
3659:
3036:Caring in intimate relationships
1488:10.1097/00005650-198003000-00003
1263:Global Assessment of Functioning
963:Spinal Cord Independence Measure
871:Hospital bed with mitred corners
463:
462:
360:National Telecommuting Institute
2998:Home care in the United Kingdom
2955:Caring for people with dementia
2236:Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
2202:from the original on 2023-08-05
1988:from the original on 2022-08-06
1935:from the original on 2022-08-06
1765:from the original on 2019-08-28
1693:from the original on 2016-12-23
1595:from the original on 2016-12-23
1556:from the original on 2021-09-22
1518:from the original on 2021-09-09
1452:from the original on 2015-07-22
1339:from the original on 2021-09-09
1080:- in household activity skills.
959:Functional Independence Measure
3491:Disability and LGBT identities
3056:Unlicensed assistive personnel
3003:Home care in the United States
2539:10.1002/14651858.CD000381.pub3
2248:10.1080/10790268.2008.11760704
1895:10.1002/14651858.CD006855.pub2
1179:0 (3.12 lower to 3.12 higher )
365:Society for Disability Studies
222:Unlicensed assistive personnel
1:
3303:Services for mental disorders
3087:Distress in cancer caregiving
1689:. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
1375:10.1093/geront/9.3_Part_1.179
660:Taking prescribed medications
3308:Services for disabled people
1655:. 2011-08-26. Archived from
1653:"Activities of Daily Living"
1538:"Activities of Daily Living"
1258:Schwab and England ADL scale
702:Meal preparation and cleanup
621:0 - Activity Does Not Occur
299:Supplemental Security Income
61:Ableism / Disablism
3591:Arts, media, culture, sport
3041:Direct support professional
2983:Nursing home care in Canada
2477:Journal of Aging and Health
2451:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.09.003
2089:American Stroke Association
1401:Enotes Nursing Encyclopedia
648:Moving within the community
624:While not widely used, the
314:Disabled students allowance
309:Disability Living Allowance
3727:
3618:Disability in horror films
3410:Activities of daily living
2863:Activities of daily living
2612:
2598:Activities of daily living
2489:10.1177/089826439500700102
2025:10.1093/geroni/igz038.1773
1798:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.11.007
1683:Williams, Cynthia (2011).
1631:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.12.027
1239:Activities of daily living
603:6 - Modified Independence
600:7 - Complete Independence
516:Activities of daily living
173:Disability rights movement
32:Activities of Daily Living
29:
3655:
2604:
2356:10.3390/geriatrics9030065
1671:Family Caregiver Handbook
1410:Accessed on: 11 Oct, 2007
1248:Resources in your library
1186:
1156:
1135:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
606:5 - Supervision or Setup
319:Disabled Persons Railcard
3511:Sexuality and disability
3486:Disability and disasters
3398:Structural and assistive
2868:Long-term care insurance
1925:"Nursing Certifications"
1268:Long term care insurance
1196:Follow-up: mean 24 weeks
1170:Follow-up: mean 24 weeks
1143:Follow-up: 6 to 16 weeks
1136:Leaving the study early
1121:Follow-up: mean 12 weeks
1104:Follow-up: mean 12 weeks
1082:Follow-up: mean 12 weeks
1002:conducted a study of 64
687:Communication management
612:3 - Moderate Assistance
332:the Severely Handicapped
288:Socioeconomic assistance
198:Sexuality and disability
3625:Disability in the media
3496:Disability and religion
3435:Personal Care Assistant
2777:Personal care assistant
1573:Williams, Brie (2014).
1141:Leaving the study early
721:Occupational therapists
668:Occupational therapists
615:2 - Maximal Assistance
609:4 - Minimal Assistance
447:Disability in the media
3608:Disability in the arts
3501:Disability and poverty
3440:Physical accessibility
3070:Support for caregivers
2948:Special considerations
2279:Alexander, MS (2009).
2230:Anderson, Kim (2007).
2018:(Supplement_1): S476.
1446:"United States Census"
1119:- in self-care skills.
1111:RR 0.14 (0.01 to 2.38)
1075:– no important change
1024:
872:
782:
753:Caretaker requirements
437:Disability in the arts
260:Physical accessibility
3199:driver rehabilitation
2975:Caregiving by country
2715:Optional-instrumental
2407:10.1093/geront/gnt086
1929:nursinglicensemap.com
1729:10.5014/ajot.62.6.625
1369:(3_Part_1): 179–186.
1306:10.1093/geront/gnt086
1168:– positive syndrome).
1149:RR 1.16 (0.4 to 3.36)
870:
776:
705:Religious observances
618:1 - Total Assistance
563:Bathing and showering
188:People-first language
166:Societal implications
3696:Occupational therapy
3532:Models of disability
3516:Youth and disability
3481:Invisible disability
3430:Orthotics and braces
3415:Assistive technology
3227:Rights, law, support
2939:Retirement community
2858:Occupational therapy
2533:(1): CD000381.pub3.
1838:10.2522/ptj.20110274
1335:. 31 December 1989.
1102:- in laundry skills.
1067:Quality of evidence
1064:Findings in numbers
796:deep vein thrombosis
693:Financial management
594:without assistance.
528:Health professionals
255:Orthotics and braces
240:Assistive technology
3184:Learning disability
3051:Sandwich generation
3029:Types of caregivers
2882:Living arrangements
2836:Background concepts
2741:Emergency responses
2012:Innovation in Aging
1128:RR 1 (0.28 to 3.54)
1092:0.24 (0.01 to 4.72)
1039:
909:Suicide precautions
728:Physical therapists
216:Personal assistance
123:Learning disability
30:For the novel, see
3598:Disability culture
3525:Disability studies
3420:Independent living
3148:Disability studies
2894:Home modifications
2889:Independent living
2297:10.1038/sc.2009.18
2095:on 8 November 2018
1406:2011-05-27 at the
1061:Findings in words
1037:
903:visual impairments
873:
804:functional decline
783:
769:Special care needs
690:Community mobility
330:Assured Income for
3683:
3682:
3552:Neuroqueer theory
3455:Web accessibility
3405:Accessible toilet
3393:
3392:
3246:Disability rights
3241:Ableism/disablism
3095:
3094:
3046:Family caregivers
2795:
2794:
2787:Care of residents
2746:Safety procedures
2732:
2394:The Gerontologist
2184:"Wound Dressings"
1588:978-0-07-179208-0
1363:The Gerontologist
1293:The Gerontologist
1234:Library resources
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1032:systematic review
853:bowel elimination
532:functional status
513:
512:
275:Web accessibility
235:Accessible toilet
118:Special education
56:Disability theory
49:Theory and models
16:(Redirected from
3718:
3673:
3672:
3663:
3662:
3645:Special Olympics
3537:Inspiration porn
3450:Universal design
3251:Pejorative terms
3231:
3194:Physical therapy
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
3082:Caregiver stress
2965:End-of-life care
2934:Residential care
2822:
2815:
2808:
2799:
2765:Related articles
2722:
2682:Meal preparation
2621:Personal hygiene
2591:
2584:
2577:
2568:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2409:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2358:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2308:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2259:
2227:
2221:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2142:
2134:
2128:
2125:
2114:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2091:. Archived from
2081:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2027:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1982:academic.oup.com
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1882:
1871:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1840:
1825:Physical Therapy
1816:
1810:
1809:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1739:. Archived from
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1625:(6): 1000–1008.
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1417:
1411:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1308:
1284:
1164:Average score. (
1055:
1040:
588:assisted feeding
567:Personal hygiene
505:
498:
491:
466:
465:
406:Paralympic Games
401:Special Olympics
270:Universal design
193:Pejorative terms
37:
21:
3726:
3725:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3651:
3586:
3520:
3459:
3389:
3363:Activist groups
3358:
3312:
3291:
3255:
3222:
3162:
3131:
3126:
3096:
3091:
3065:
3024:
2969:
2943:
2899:Assisted living
2877:
2873:Dignity of risk
2831:
2826:
2796:
2791:
2782:Assisted living
2760:
2756:Sexual activity
2710:
2656:
2631:Feeding oneself
2607:
2600:
2595:
2565:
2564:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2213:
2205:
2203:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2117:
2112:
2108:
2098:
2096:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1960:
1954:"What is NCLEX"
1952:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1889:(1): CD006855.
1884:
1883:
1874:
1869:
1862:
1831:(11): 1437–51.
1818:
1817:
1813:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1717:Am J Occup Ther
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1668:
1664:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1589:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1557:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1521:
1519:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1408:Wayback Machine
1394:
1390:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1342:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1230:
1195:
1188:Quality of life
1169:
1142:
1120:
1103:
1081:
990:epidemiological
986:
944:
936:
920:
911:
882:
861:
845:
816:
800:pressure ulcers
788:
779:fracture bedpan
771:
755:
749:overall costs.
741:
718:
651:Preparing meals
634:
557:
509:
478:
452:
451:
432:
422:
421:
420:
395:
385:
384:
355:
354:
338:
337:
334:
331:
289:
281:
280:
279:
245:Assisted living
217:
209:
208:
207:
167:
159:
158:
157:
137:
129:
128:
127:
90:
82:
81:
80:
50:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3724:
3722:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3688:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3667:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3605:
3603:Disability art
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3077:Carers' rights
3073:
3071:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Aging in place
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:Long-term care
2850:
2845:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2689:
2687:Managing money
2684:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2666:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2562:
2510:
2464:
2429:
2380:
2329:
2320:
2291:(8): 582–591.
2271:
2242:(2): 133–144.
2222:
2219:Katz ADL scale
2211:
2174:
2165:
2129:
2115:
2106:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
1998:
1969:
1945:
1916:
1872:
1860:
1811:
1775:
1746:
1743:on 2014-04-13.
1703:
1675:
1662:
1659:on 2013-06-28.
1644:
1605:
1587:
1565:
1528:
1482:(3): 282–288.
1462:
1437:
1412:
1388:
1349:
1320:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
985:
982:
948:Katz ADL scale
943:
940:
935:
932:
919:
916:
910:
907:
881:
878:
860:
857:
844:
841:
815:
812:
787:
784:
770:
767:
754:
751:
740:
737:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
665:
664:
661:
658:
652:
649:
646:
645:Managing money
643:
633:
630:
591:
590:
584:
580:
577:
574:
564:
556:
553:
511:
510:
508:
507:
500:
493:
485:
482:
481:
480:
479:
477:
476:
471:
459:
454:
453:
450:
449:
444:
442:Disability art
439:
433:
428:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
416:Invictus Games
413:
408:
403:
397:
396:
391:
390:
387:
386:
383:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
356:
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
343:
340:
339:
336:
335:
328:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
304:Ticket to Work
301:
296:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
231:
230:
229:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
206:
205:
203:Women's health
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
169:
168:
165:
164:
161:
160:
156:
155:
150:
145:
139:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
125:
120:
115:
113:Special school
110:
104:
103:
102:
97:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3723:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3676:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3657:
3654:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:Social issues
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3206:Special needs
3204:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3189:Mainstreaming
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:Medical model
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Adult daycare
2917:
2915:
2914:Elder village
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2811:
2809:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:Child rearing
2734:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2569:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2445:(9): 764–65.
2444:
2440:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2384:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2333:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2272:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2215:
2212:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1792:(4): 753–69.
1791:
1787:
1779:
1776:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1723:(6): 625–83.
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1566:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1529:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1466:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1427:on 2014-02-25
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
983:
981:
977:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
941:
939:
933:
931:
929:
925:
917:
915:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
885:aids such as
879:
877:
869:
865:
858:
856:
854:
850:
842:
840:
838:
834:
829:
824:
822:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
785:
780:
775:
768:
766:
764:
759:
752:
750:
747:
738:
736:
734:
729:
725:
722:
715:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:Child rearing
683:
680:
677:
676:
675:
673:
669:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
631:
629:
627:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
589:
585:
581:
578:
575:
572:
568:
565:
562:
561:
560:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
506:
501:
499:
494:
492:
487:
486:
484:
483:
475:
472:
470:
461:
460:
458:
457:
456:
455:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
431:
426:
425:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
394:
389:
388:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
351:Organizations
350:
347:
346:
342:
341:
333:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
285:
284:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
232:
227:
223:
220:
219:
213:
212:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
183:Normalization
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
170:
163:
162:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
133:
132:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:Special needs
106:
105:
101:
98:
96:
95:Mainstreaming
93:
92:
86:
85:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
66:Medical model
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
42:
38:
33:
19:
3567:Anthropology
3557:Deaf studies
3547:Crip as verb
3425:Mobility aid
3409:
3385:Reach Canada
3158:Social model
2960:Elderly care
2929:Nursing home
2862:
2662:Instrumental
2597:
2530:
2526:
2483:(1): 24–45.
2480:
2476:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2400:(1): 13–20.
2397:
2393:
2383:
2346:
2342:
2332:
2323:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2214:
2204:, retrieved
2187:
2177:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2132:
2109:
2097:. Retrieved
2093:the original
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1990:. Retrieved
1981:
1972:
1961:. Retrieved
1957:
1948:
1937:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1886:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1789:
1785:
1778:
1767:. Retrieved
1758:
1749:
1741:the original
1720:
1716:
1706:
1695:. Retrieved
1685:
1678:
1670:
1665:
1657:the original
1647:
1622:
1618:
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1578:
1568:
1558:, retrieved
1541:
1531:
1520:. Retrieved
1479:
1476:Medical Care
1475:
1465:
1454:. Retrieved
1440:
1429:. Retrieved
1425:the original
1415:
1396:
1391:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1299:(1): 13–20.
1296:
1292:
1282:
1238:
1158:Mental state
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1008:
1004:hip fracture
998:
987:
978:
967:
956:
945:
937:
924:fitted sheet
921:
912:
891:hearing aids
883:
874:
862:
846:
825:
817:
789:
760:
756:
742:
726:
719:
681:Care of pets
666:
635:
632:Instrumental
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
592:
558:
549:
545:
541:
526:activities.
519:
515:
514:
375:Visitability
324:Freedom Pass
250:Mobility aid
225:
148:Occupational
76:Other models
71:Social model
3640:Paralympics
3635:Deaflympics
3445:Prosthetics
3136:Main topics
3061:Young carer
2729:the elderly
2285:Spinal Cord
1759:www.bls.gov
1073:Life skills
1000:Sidney Katz
802:, and less
536:Sidney Katz
411:Deaflympics
265:Prosthetics
3706:Caregiving
3690:Categories
3630:Parasports
3167:Approaches
3143:Disability
3129:Disability
2843:Disability
2829:Caregiving
2772:Disability
2723:(of self,
2697:Technology
2647:Ambulation
2635:Voluntary
2343:Geriatrics
2206:2023-10-27
2188:StatPearls
1992:2022-08-06
1963:2022-08-06
1939:2022-08-06
1769:2019-04-17
1697:2016-12-22
1599:2016-12-22
1560:2021-09-09
1542:StatPearls
1522:2021-09-09
1456:2015-07-20
1431:2007-10-11
1343:2021-09-09
1274:References
942:Evaluation
934:Wound care
928:draw sheet
918:Bed making
808:draw sheet
739:Assistance
733:ambulation
469:Disability
393:Parasports
41:Disability
3711:Self-care
3577:Education
3572:Geography
3216:education
3179:Inclusion
2904:Home care
2703:Telephone
2670:Housework
2416:0016-9013
2349:(3): 65.
2158:4 January
2099:5 January
2034:2399-5300
1958:umock.com
1903:1469-493X
1847:0031-9023
1496:0025-7079
1383:0016-9013
1206:Very low
1200:quality.*
1182:Very low
1152:Very low
1131:Very low
1114:Very low
1086:limited.
899:dysphagia
843:Toileting
821:tear duct
792:bed sores
524:self-care
178:Inclusion
89:Education
3665:Category
3582:Journals
3562:Eugenics
3542:Bodymind
3349:Students
3296:Services
3018:Scotland
2725:children
2692:Shopping
2675:Cleaning
2652:Sleeping
2626:Dressing
2557:22258941
2505:20016182
2497:10165960
2459:23062621
2424:23969255
2375:38804322
2366:11130898
2315:19381157
2266:18581660
2200:archived
2196:29261956
2149:Archived
1986:Archived
1933:Archived
1911:18254118
1855:22822235
1806:24291597
1763:Archived
1737:19024744
1691:Archived
1639:22497989
1593:Archived
1554:archived
1550:29261878
1516:Archived
1512:31213145
1450:Archived
1404:Archived
1337:Archived
1315:23969255
1228:See also
1096:Very low
1058:Outcome
1043:Summary
994:ailments
984:Research
976:(PACE).
887:dentures
859:Dressing
837:foreskin
828:perineum
798:, fewer
786:Mobility
711:Shopping
655:Shopping
626:mnemonic
576:Dressing
571:grooming
143:Physical
3701:Nursing
3317:Support
3013:England
2924:Hospice
2751:Driving
2643:control
2637:urinary
2548:4160788
2306:2722687
2257:2578796
2043:6840381
1504:7366257
895:glasses
880:Feeding
814:Bathing
746:wagered
716:Therapy
430:Culture
380:WeThe15
224: (
136:Therapy
3234:Rights
3211:school
2555:
2545:
2503:
2495:
2457:
2422:
2414:
2373:
2363:
2313:
2303:
2264:
2254:
2194:
2040:
2032:
1909:
1901:
1853:
1845:
1804:
1735:
1637:
1585:
1548:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1381:
1313:
1236:about
893:, and
849:bedpan
467:
348:Groups
153:Speech
3675:Lists
3380:MINDS
2848:Aging
2721:Care
2641:bowel
2613:Basic
2501:S2CID
2152:(PDF)
2141:(PDF)
1508:S2CID
833:penis
763:NCLEX
555:Basic
474:Lists
3354:CNIB
3339:SSDI
3334:Rail
3329:ODSP
3267:AODA
2699:use
2639:and
2553:PMID
2493:PMID
2455:PMID
2420:PMID
2412:ISSN
2371:PMID
2311:PMID
2262:PMID
2192:PMID
2160:2017
2101:2017
2030:ISSN
1907:PMID
1899:ISSN
1851:PMID
1843:ISSN
1802:PMID
1733:PMID
1635:PMID
1583:ISBN
1546:PMID
1500:PMID
1492:ISSN
1379:ISSN
1333:ASPE
1311:PMID
569:and
520:ADLs
226:ADLs
3375:DPI
3370:CCD
3344:SSI
3324:DLA
3272:ADA
3260:Law
3174:IEP
2705:use
2543:PMC
2535:doi
2485:doi
2447:doi
2402:doi
2361:PMC
2351:doi
2301:PMC
2293:doi
2252:PMC
2244:doi
2038:PMC
2020:doi
1891:doi
1833:doi
1794:doi
1725:doi
1627:doi
1484:doi
1371:doi
1301:doi
3692::
2727:,
2551:.
2541:.
2529:.
2525:.
2513:^
2499:.
2491:.
2479:.
2467:^
2453:.
2443:13
2441:.
2418:.
2410:.
2398:54
2396:.
2392:.
2369:.
2359:.
2345:.
2341:.
2309:.
2299:.
2289:47
2287:.
2283:.
2260:.
2250:.
2240:31
2238:.
2234:.
2198:,
2186:,
2147:.
2143:.
2118:^
2087:.
2036:.
2028:.
2014:.
2010:.
1984:.
1980:.
1956:.
1931:.
1927:.
1905:.
1897:.
1875:^
1863:^
1849:.
1841:.
1829:92
1827:.
1823:.
1800:.
1790:95
1788:.
1761:.
1757:.
1731:.
1721:62
1719:.
1715:.
1633:.
1623:93
1621:.
1617:.
1591:.
1577:.
1552:,
1540:,
1514:.
1506:.
1498:.
1490:.
1480:18
1478:.
1474:.
1448:.
1377:.
1365:.
1361:.
1331:.
1309:.
1297:54
1295:.
1291:.
1177:MD
1090:RR
1030:A
954:.
922:A
889:,
847:A
810:.
777:A
3121:e
3114:t
3107:v
2821:e
2814:t
2807:v
2731:)
2590:e
2583:t
2576:v
2559:.
2537::
2531:1
2507:.
2487::
2481:7
2461:.
2449::
2426:.
2404::
2377:.
2353::
2347:9
2317:.
2295::
2268:.
2246::
2162:.
2103:.
2046:.
2022::
2016:3
1995:.
1966:.
1942:.
1913:.
1893::
1857:.
1835::
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