134:. The McCarran-Ferguson Act specifically provides that the regulation of the business of insurance by the state governments is in the public interest. Further, the Act states that no federal law should be construed to invalidate, impair or supersede any law enacted by any state government for the purpose of regulating the business of insurance, unless the federal law specifically relates to the business of insurance.
184:. There was renewed discussion of federal insurance regulation, including new legislation for a dual state and federal system of insurance solvency regulation. However, as more and more states enacted versions of these model reforms into law, the pressure for federal reform of insurance regulation waned.
237:
Creating, drafting, developing, submitting for regulatory approval, negotiating, revising, supplementing and withdrawing various types of insurance products, policies, contracts, forms, rates, fees, schedules and other regulatory filings, including compliance programs required under state and federal
164:
In the mid 1970s, for example, the concept of an optional federal charter for insurance companies was raised in
Congress. With a wave of solvency and capacity issues facing property and casualty insurers, the proposal was to establish an elective federal regulatory scheme that insurers could opt into
137:
After the McCarran-Ferguson Act, the business of insurance remained substantially regulated by state statutory and administrative laws through the years. Additionally, efforts such as the accreditation standards of the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners, and other cooperative endeavors,
105:
As the various state governments each developed its own set of insurance regulations, insurance companies with multi-state business were hampered by the inconsistency of the dissimilar rules and requirements, as well as localism by the state regulators. These companies and their stakeholders joined a
89:
Historically, the insurance industry has been regulated almost exclusively by the individual state governments. The first state commissioner of insurance was appointed in New
Hampshire in 1851 and the state-based insurance regulatory system grew as quickly as the insurance industry itself. Prior to
251:
Insurance regulators generally perform "market conduct exams" to determine that insurers are operating in the best interests of consumers. However, these investigations depend on the state, with some states performing them regularly and others performing them in reaction to a noticeable pattern. The
126:
case focused primarily on the application of federal anti-trust legislation (the
Sherman Act) to the insurance industry, some thought the decision opened the floodgates to widespread federal regulation of the insurance industry and signaled the demise of the state-based insurance regulatory system.
267:
called "rate regulation" and can deny or approve any rate change. The statute typically states that rates shall not be inadequate or excessive, as inadequate rates increase the risk of bankruptcy and excessive rates are regarded as unfair. A similar statute may prohibits "unfair discrimination" in
210:
The practice of insurance regulatory law requires knowledge and understanding of administrative law, general business and corporate law, contract law, trends and jurisprudence in insurance litigation, legislative developments and a variety of other topics and areas of law. An insurance regulatory
175:
From 1986 to 1992, there were 276 insurer bankruptcies. In response to the disruption, the
National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”) adopted several model reforms for state insurance regulation, including risk-based capital requirements, financial regulation accreditation standards,
35:
and those engaged in the business of insurance. Insurance regulatory law is primarily enforced through regulations, rules and directives by state insurance departments as authorized and directed by statutory law enacted by the state legislatures. However, federal law, court decisions and
276:
Although rebating, which involves giving back some of the purchase price (or offering some sort of per customer discount) is common in some industries, as of 2009, 48 states and D.C. prohibited it in insurance by adopting a law based upon the NAIC Model Unfair Trade
Practices.
165:
from the traditional state system, somewhat analogous to the dual-charter regulation of banks. Although the optional federal chartering proposal was defeated in the 1970s, it became the precursor for a modern debate over optional federal chartering in the last decade.
225:
Drafting and submitting
National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) Uniform Certificate of Authority Applications (UCAA) and related documentation with respect to insurance company formation, admission, licensing, expansion, re-domestication and other
229:
Drafting and submitting other required applications and related documentation with respect to the formation, admission, licensing, expansion, redomestication and other transactions of insurance affiliates, holding companies and other businesses in the insurance
106:
growing movement for federal insurance regulation – but, considering the lack of any significant federal regulatory framework, this movement may have been more about avoiding regulation rather than actually promoting federal superiority.
187:
In 1999, Congress passed the Gramm-Leach-Bliley
Financial Modernization Act, which sets out certain minimum standards that state insurance laws and regulations were required to meet or else face preemption by federal law.
241:
Providing general advice and counsel to the officers, directors and management of companies in the insurance industry with respect to issues from day-to-day insurance operations up to board and shareholder/member level
233:
Representing insurance industry clients before state insurance regulatory and other government agencies with respect to compliance issues, complaint resolution, administrative hearings and other administrative
214:
The practice of insurance regulatory law involves providing legal services and counseling on a wide variety of administrative, corporate, insurance, transactional and regulatory issues such as the following:
285:
After the 2008 financial crisis, a model law called the
Standard Valuation Model Law was revised to adopt a "principles-based" approach to life insurance reserving, which was adopted by a number of states.
222:
Negotiating, structuring and executing associated transactions, such as the purchase or sale of blocks of insurance business, or providing compliance services relative to public and private financing;
199:
219:
The formation, acquisition, sale, merger, restructuring, reorganization and dissolution of insurance companies, their affiliates and other businesses in the insurance industry;
117:
556:
1664:
687:
The
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub.L 11-148, 124 Stat. 119; the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, Pub.L 111-203, H.R. 4173.
324:
194:
The most recent challenges to the state insurance regulatory system are arguably the most significant, as well, showing further erosion of state primacy. Both the
99:
1679:
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211:
attorney provides legal services and practical business solutions on a wide variety of administrative, corporate, insurance, transactional and regulatory issues.
191:
Over the past decade, renewed calls for optional federal regulation of insurance companies have sounded, including the proposed National Insurance Act of 2006.
55:
Therefore, the fundamental purpose of insurance regulatory law is to protect the public as insurance consumers and policyholders. Functionally, this involves:
924:
1674:
748:
Harrington, Scott (1984-01-01). "The Impact of Rate Regulation on Prices and Underwriting Results in the Property-Liability Insurance Industry: A Survey".
1050:
195:
329:
1684:
505:
A Brief Chronicle of Insurance Regulation in the United States, Part I: From De Facto Judicial Regulation to South-Eastern Underwriters Ass'n
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360:
52:, is nevertheless of such concern to the public as a whole that it is subject to governmental regulation to protect the public’s interests.
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158:
154:
Despite the long history of state-based insurance regulation, federal regulatory influence has been expanding in the past several decades.
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In 1972, the model law Unfair Claims Settlement Act was written, which has since been adopted by most states with various modifications.
885:
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that the issuance of a policy of insurance was not the transaction of commerce, and therefore beyond the scope of federal legislation.
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161:, and a Federal Crime Insurance Program was implemented which the Government Accountability Office recommended terminating in 1982.
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Uniformity and Efficiency in Insurance Regulation: Consolidation and Outsourcing of Regulatory Activities at the State Level
109:
In 1869, the United States Supreme Court cemented state-based insurance regulation as the law of the land when it ruled in
1882:
697:
122:, holding that insurance was subject to certain federal legislation such as the federal antitrust statute. Although the
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Insurance Regulation in the United States: Regulatory Federalism and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners
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A Brief Chronicle of Insurance Regulation in the United States, Part II: From McCarran-Ferguson to Dodd-Frank
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rates, which is intended to prohibit discrimination which is not based upon a difference in risk.
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In 2018, the majority of states began to require health insurers to submit market conduct data.
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this period, insurance was primarily regulated by corporate charter, state statutory law and
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Licensing and regulating insurance companies and others involved in the insurance industry;
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Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital, Inc v. Insurance Commissioner of the State of California
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665:, Research Symposium on Insurance Markets and Regulation: Optional Federal Chartering.
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Historically, and continuing to modern day in many states, regulators practice strict
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The United States Congress responded almost immediately: in 1945, Congress passed the
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regulation by the courts in judicial decisions. States coordinate through a nonprofit
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Federal Insurance Regulation Optional Federal Chartering Bills Come to the Big Top
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More than 70 years, later, however, the Supreme Court overturned that decision in
808:"NAIC Moves towards Principles Based Reserving for Life Insurance Martindale.com"
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have increased the uniformity of insurance regulation across the various states.
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202:(“Dodd-Frank”) are material forays of federal law into the insurance industry.
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725:"Blue Cross customer treatment examined, 27 years after last report released"
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exams can take years and are usually paid for by the insurance companies.
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639:"Insurance Regulation: The NAIC Accreditation Program Can Be Improved"
576:"How your state's Unfair Claims Settlement Practices Act can help you"
1085:
72:
Controlling market conduct and preventing unfair trade practices; and
44:
Insurance is characterized as a business vested or affected with the
698:
The Practice of Insurance Regulatory Law, Part II: More Specifically
761:
48:. Thus, the business of insurance, although primarily a matter of
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and an initiative to codify accounting principles into the modern
401:
See, for example: Louisiana Revised Statutes, Title 22, § 2A(1);
102:, which proposes model laws which may be adopted by the members.
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867:
663:
The Fatal Flaw of Proposals to Federalize Insurance Regulation
69:
Regulating and standardizing insurance policies and products;
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437:
State Insurance Regulation: History, Purpose and Structure
36:
administrative adjudications also play an important role.
678:, Networks Financial Institute, Indiana State University.
419:
200:
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
416:
An Overview of the Insurance Industry and Its Regulation
405:, 18 F.3d 790, Bankr. L. Rep. P. 75,755 (9th Cir. 1994).
535:
United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association
522:
United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association
119:
United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters Association
858:
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which were exempt from state regulation was expanded.
537:, 322 U.S. 533, 562 (1944) (Stone, C.J., dissenting).
420:
Center for Risk Management & Insurance Regulation
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453:, Florida State University Law Review, Vol. 26:625.
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Regulating other aspects of the insurance industry.
784:"YOU CAN'T GET -- OR GIVE --SOMETHING FOR NOTHING"
600:"The Federal Crime Insurance Program: An Overview"
546:The McCarran–Ferguson Act, 15 U.S.C. §§ 1011-1015.
832:"Florida Revises Insurer Solvency Review Process"
434:National Association of Insurance Commissioners,
859:National Association of Insurance Commissioners
325:National Association of Insurance Commissioners
100:National Association of Insurance Commissioners
356:Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
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478:The Case for Federal Regulation of Insurance
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864:
196:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
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98:of state regulatory agencies called the
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330:Insurance Regulatory Information System
157:Early federal laws passed included the
788:Federation of Regulatory Counsel, Inc
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716:
714:
361:China Insurance Regulatory Commission
7:
159:National Flood Insurance Act of 1968
493:, 75 U.S. 168, 19 L.Ed. 357 (1868).
925:Accidental death and dismemberment
168:In the 1980s, the ability to form
14:
750:The Journal of Risk and Insurance
385:Insurance Regulatory Law: Defined
1051:Directors and officers liability
85:State-based insurance regulation
341:Insurance in the United Kingdom
182:Statutory Accounting Principles
31:that governs and regulates the
464:Stempel on Insurance Contracts
336:Insurance in other countries:
320:Insurance in the United States
62:Monitoring and preserving the
1:
462:Stempel, Jeffery W. (2007).
1818:Savings and loan association
661:Brown, Elizabeth F. (2008).
1251:Insurance-linked securities
422:, Georgia State University.
150:Expanding federal influence
1901:
940:Total permanent disability
622:Berrington, Craig (2007).
466:, 3rd Ed., Vol. 1, § 2.07.
294:General insurance topics:
25:administrative regulations
1843:
1680:Health insurance coverage
945:Business overhead expense
414:Klein, Robert W. (2008),
1081:Protection and indemnity
836:www.insurancejournal.com
707:. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
705:Insurance Regulatory Law
565:. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
563:Insurance Regulatory Law
512:. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
510:Insurance Regulatory Law
392:. Retrieved 2011-06-02.
390:Insurance Regulatory Law
17:Insurance regulatory law
1538:Explanation of benefits
1010:Variable universal life
449:Randall, Susan (1999).
80:History (United States)
66:of insurance companies;
1675:Health insurance costs
1076:Professional liability
674:Kwon, W. Jean (2007).
524:, 322 U.S. 533 (1944).
346:Insurance in Australia
1531:Out-of-pocket expense
1392:Workers' compensation
1046:Collateral protection
1036:Business interruption
475:Baker, Tobin (2006).
315:US insurance topics:
178:guaranty associations
170:risk retention groups
132:McCarran-Ferguson Act
1883:Insurance regulation
1754:Corpus Juris Civilis
309:History of insurance
1813:Rochdale Principles
1808:Mutual savings bank
1803:Mutual organization
1788:Cooperative banking
1705:Mesopotamian banker
985:Longevity insurance
696:Mayhall, Van, III,
555:Mayhall, Van, III,
502:Mayhall, Van, III,
382:Mayhall, Van, III,
281:Solvency regulation
1565:Insurable interest
1066:Payment protection
967:Payment protection
812:www.martindale.com
729:chicagotribune.com
533:See, for example,
351:Insurance in India
198:(“PPACA”) and the
64:financial solvency
33:insurance industry
1865:
1864:
1710:Code of Hammurabi
1685:Vehicle insurance
1580:Replacement value
1472:Actual cash value
1436:Adverse selection
1426:Actuarial science
1400:
1399:
1332:Kidnap and ransom
1305:Extended warranty
952:Income protection
723:Schencker, Lisa.
491:Paul vs. Virginia
96:trade association
1890:
1823:Social insurance
1778:Friendly society
1670:Health insurance
1498:Short rate table
1246:Catastrophe bond
1147:Lenders mortgage
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1570:Insurance fraud
1550:General average
1509:Claims adjuster
1451:Risk management
1446:Risk assessment
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1362:Prize indemnity
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1061:Over-redemption
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1856:List of topics
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1715:§100–105; §126
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853:External links
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1605:Underwriting
1560:Insurability
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1521:Co-insurance
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1487:Cancellation
1278:Catastrophic
1263:Climate risk
1091:Trade credit
839:. Retrieved
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1828:Trade union
1783:Cooperative
1456:Uncertainty
1315:Index-based
1283:Multi-peril
1241:Reinsurance
1200:Public auto
1105:Residential
643:www.gao.gov
604:www.gao.gov
1872:Categories
1623:by country
1621:Insurance
1595:Total loss
1516:Deductible
1477:Cash value
1421:Act of God
1406:Insurance
1320:Parametric
1300:Expatriate
1176:Transport/
1142:Landlords'
1127:Earthquake
1015:Whole life
935:Disability
841:2016-01-18
817:2016-01-18
793:2016-01-18
734:2019-06-13
648:2016-01-18
609:2016-01-18
585:2016-01-18
580:insure.com
367:References
234:processes;
142:Model laws
1769:Syndicate
1735:Collegium
1630:Australia
1585:Risk pool
1555:Indemnity
1526:Copayment
1460:Knightian
1372:Terrorism
1342:Liability
1210:Satellite
1071:Pollution
995:Term life
904:insurance
902:Types of
895:Insurance
299:Insurance
230:industry;
1849:Category
1727:§275–277
1645:Pakistan
1493:Pro rata
1382:War risk
1347:No-fault
1258:Casualty
1215:Shipping
1185:Aviation
1162:Renters'
1157:Property
1152:Mortgage
1122:Contents
1096:Umbrella
1056:Fidelity
1024:Business
920:Accident
290:See also
272:Rebating
242:matters.
238:law; and
206:Practice
92:de facto
1774:Benefit
1761:Digesta
1697:History
1431:Actuary
1387:Weather
1377:Tuition
1367:Takaful
1295:Deposit
1225:Vehicle
40:Purpose
1650:Serbia
1610:Profit
1482:Broker
1408:policy
1220:Travel
1205:Marine
1112:Boiler
1086:Surety
930:Dental
912:Health
770:252665
768:
1746:Guild
1640:India
1635:China
1504:Claim
1310:Group
1290:Cyber
1268:Crime
1234:Other
1167:Title
1132:Flood
766:JSTOR
1719:§234
1441:Risk
1411:and
1273:Crop
1137:Home
1031:Bond
977:Life
27:and
1413:law
1352:Pet
758:doi
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