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not just to the King's sheriffs but to other royal officers, and even to the financial practices of the leaders of the clergy, the barons and burgesses in the towns. A series of local circuits were established, and the commissioners (in a contemporary's words) required “all the men of the realm, including earls, barons, knights, freeholders and even villeins in every shire to...give true testimony concerning the things of which the sheriffs and their men had deprived them”.
69:. Henry also increased the role of travelling royal judges in the court system, and increasingly the role of sheriff became one of a local official whose purpose was to represent the royal bureaucracy and assist the judges when they visited, rather than acting as an independent power in their own right.
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In 1170, King Henry II, who ruled over a network of lands across Europe, returned to
England after several years of absence. He promptly established a commission to examine any malpractices in local government, which became known as the Inquest of the Sheriffs. The inquiry was widespread, extending
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played an important part in local government, representing the Crown, keeping the peace, running the operations of the county and royal hundred courts and managing summons and similar legal orders. They usually managed the royal manors in their shire, collecting the rents and spending money locally
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By the end of the year, 21 out of the 26 sheriffs in
England had been dismissed from office. Of those retained, the majority were not barons, but members of the royal household; while sixteen of the new sheriffs chosen were already employees of the
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Unfortunately only two partial returns from the
Inquest survive, one detailing payments to the Earl of Arundel in East Anglia, for such things as the aid for the marriage of Henry's daughter; the other payments to the sheriff from the borough of
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on the Crown's behalf. They were typically members of the local baronage, but were appointed by the king, and they expected to make a profit from their office.
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The sweeping changes undermined the links between the local barons and the office of sheriffs, leaving the majority of holders as
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Medieval Law in
Context: The Growth of Legal Consciousness from Magna Carta to the Peasants' Revolt
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for the farm, for conveying prisoners, and for the royal marriage.
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in 1170 into the conditions of local government in
England.
301:(Yale ed.). New Haven, U.S.: Yale University Press.
282:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
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16:Commission held by King Henry II of England
197:'The Deeds of Henry II', in D. Baker ed.,
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262:The Cambridge Medieval History Vol V
237:The Cambridge Medieval History Vol V
186:the Medieval Foundations of England
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23:was a commission held by King
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331:Medieval English court system
224:The Medieval English Sheriff
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35:In early Angevin England,
278:Musson, Anthony (2001).
226:(Manchester 1968) p. 113
264:(Cambridge 1926) p. 582
239:(Cambridge 1926) p. 581
297:Warren, W. L. (2000).
199:The Early Middle Ages
201:(London 1968) p. 148
188:(London 1967) p. 329
336:Henry II of England
139:, pp. 252, 291
91:Assize of Clarendon
25:Henry II of England
21:Inquest of Sheriffs
260:J. R. Tanner ed.,
251:, pp. 290–291
235:J. R. Tanner ed.,
163:, pp. 287–288
308:978-0-300-08474-0
289:978-0-719-05494-5
73:Surviving returns
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67:ministeriales
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149:Warren 2000
137:Warren 2000
125:Warren 2000
113:Warren 2000
109:Musson 2001
320:Categories
96:References
31:Background
80:Worcester
60:Exchequer
299:Henry II
86:See also
37:sheriffs
53:Outcome
44:Inquest
305:
286:
303:ISBN
284:ISBN
19:The
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