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in villages were dependent on the farmers in whose households they lodged, and were bound to perform a set amount of work for their landlords, thus providing a reserve of workers for busy times. Some earned an additional income from domestic trades such as shoe repair, broom making, or basket making.
94:
if they did not possess the status of a burgher nor any other specific privileges. According to the old country laws of
Mecklenburg, burghers could only have one main occupation in trade, crafts, or services. Thus, special organisations similar to those of craftsmen also formed for those
439:
Das
Brautexamen, die Eheeinsegnung, die Jubelehe und das Verfahren der katholischen Kirche bei Aufnahme eines fremden Religionsgenossen in ihre Gesellschaft: ein Hilfsbuch zunächst für angehende Geistliche und Seelensorger: mit einer Zugabe von Tauf-und
159:
also refer to inhabitants of a municipality who do not possess full civic rights there, but have certain duties and enjoy certain rights according to the relevant regulations. These persons may nevertheless be of prominent financial standing.
219:
who left had to request cancellation of the record, and had to pay a leaving fee, otherwise both landlord and tenant were liable to prosecution. Likewise, certain taxes were due upon the death of an
95:"farmer-burghers" who lived in the towns, but whose main occupation was agriculture. Their number, however, remained comparatively low in all Mecklenburg country towns.
474:
19:
is a German expression for lower-ranking inhabitants of a populated place. The exact significance varies regionally, but the word generally refers to lodgers without
184:
was not defined by real property, special rules had to be observed as to which clergymen were to perform marriage ceremonies among this class of inhabitants.
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or a village who generally did not possess real property and therefore did not enjoy full civic rights. Of similar meaning are the expressions
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who had left another lordship had to bring a letter of leave, to swear allegiance to the new lord, and to pay a fee of acceptance. After the
484:
296:
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must be distinguished from a member of the household who was either related to the home owner or was a direct employee (e.g. a
409:
Method Dolenc (1929). "Die niedere
Volksgerichtbarkeit unter den Slovenen von Ende des 16. bis Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts".
359:
106:
and other inhabitants of the villages who held real property, or home owners in towns. In this region as well as in the
458:. Sonderpublikationen zur Linzer Stadtgeschichte. Linz: Buchverlag der Demokratischen Druck- und Verlags-Gesellschaft.
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moved into the house of the landlord, a certain tax was payable every year which the landlord had to guarantee. An
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were day labourers contracted to work for certain landowners in exchange for living quarters, payment and wages
172:. They were bound to work as day labourers for a master, e.g. a brewery, without being permanently employed.
479:
324:
Die
Unterschichten der ländlichen Bevölkerung mit Beispielen aus dem Weinviertler Museumsdorf Niedersulz
31:
196:
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125:; they also had to provide a second labourer and acted thus as a kind of sub-contractors.
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who were also lodgers in rural communities. Likewise, similarities exist to the expression
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342:
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246:, and to the development of an urban proletariat even under preindustrial circumstances.
468:
59:
20:
203:) as a tenant, both had to appear before the lord within a fortnight to record the
168:
Unpropertied inhabitants of medieval towns without full civic rights were called
437:
358:
Michael
Mitterauer (1992). "Inwohner — Problem der Familienzugehörigkeit".
140:
83:
27:
368:
301:
Zeitschrift der
Savigny-Stiftung fĂĽr Rechtsgeschichte. Germanistische Abteilung
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In south-western Saxony, it became common around 1700 to speak of "propertied
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relationships in the 17th and 18th centuries led to the erection of numerous
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297:"Weisthum und Gerichtsordnung der Gemeinde Ellerstadt vom Jahr 1555"
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stipulates that, if a subject of the local lord had taken a person (
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were allocated living quarters in the wineyards where they worked.
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67:
43:
367:. Böhlau Verlag Wien, Köln, Weimar. p. 198. Archived from
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status by a pretended employment was prohibited. However, the
264:"Introduction: Lodgers in rural and urban Europe in the past"
456:
Geschichte der
Herrschaft Lustenfelden bei Linz (Kaplanhof)
361:
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was not liable for country taxes levied by the prince.
443:. G. Joseph Manz, Regensburg und Landshut. p. 10.
110:, the sense of the word shifted towards today's
411:JahrbĂĽcher fĂĽr Kultur und Geschichte der Slaven
114:, meaning any inhabitant of a populated place.
316:
314:
8:
207:for whom the landlord had to pay a bond. An
191:and their landlords. For instance, the 1635
330:(Thesis). Universität Wien. pp. 58 ff.
34:in places such as in southern Germany, in
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62:who rented living room from farmers. An
475:Social history of the Holy Roman Empire
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117:In northern and north-eastern Germany,
7:
395:Meyers GroĂźes Konversations-Lexikon
344:Meyers GroĂźes Konversations-Lexikon
86:, inhabitants of towns were called
187:Regional laws fixed the duties of
14:
398:. Vol. 9. 1905. p. 876.
347:. Vol. 5. 1905. p. 461.
295:Friderich von Flerssheim (1882).
42:the word meant inhabitants of a
1:
454:Franz Wilfingseder (1952).
501:
436:Johann N. Schneid (1835).
321:Marianne Messerer (2008).
58:for day labourers without
281:10.1017/S0268416016000072
262:Beatrice Morning (2016).
234:The increasing number of
180:Since the domicile of an
268:Continuity and Change
485:Landlord–tenant law
102:". This could mean
78:Regional variations
32:early modern period
143:, the expressions
223:. Concealing the
164:Rights and duties
74:) of the latter.
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417:(3): 299–368.
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392:"Instleute".
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374:on 2016-07-11
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341:"Einlieger".
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440:Leichenreden
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376:. Retrieved
369:the original
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197:Lustenfelden
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157:non-positus
141:Switzerland
84:Mecklenburg
28:Middle Ages
469:Categories
378:2016-07-12
274:(1): 1–8.
250:References
242:, e.g. in
153:medewohner
240:tenements
145:Beiwohner
134:osabeniki
119:Instleute
112:Einwohner
92:Einlieger
56:Einlieger
52:Instleute
423:41039938
193:urbarium
189:Inwohner
182:Inwohner
174:Inwohner
170:Inwohner
149:Beisasse
130:Slovenia
108:Vogtland
100:Inwohner
88:inwohner
64:Inwohner
30:and the
17:Inwohner
123:in kind
104:Hufners
72:servant
40:Austria
38:and in
26:In the
421:
36:Saxony
419:JSTOR
372:(PDF)
365:(PDF)
328:(PDF)
236:Inman
229:Inman
225:Inman
221:Inman
217:Inman
213:Inman
209:Inman
205:Inman
201:Inman
70:or a
48:Inste
244:Linz
155:and
68:maid
50:and
44:town
276:doi
195:of
139:In
128:In
90:or
82:In
471::
313:^
303:.
299:.
272:31
270:.
266:.
151:,
147:,
23:.
425:.
415:5
381:.
305:3
284:.
278::
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