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coastal areas has made private and governmental users and investors to participate in this section to gain the utmost profits. Therefore, the necessity of preparation and implementation of management plans for perpetual utilization of existent sources in coastal areas has become inevitable. Iran, possessing some 6000 km of coastline in north and south, owns abundant economic capacities in coastal zones and regarding the versatility of nature and coast operators and management of coastal activities and operations, necessity of attention to
Integrated Coastal Zone Management becomes more significant. Such necessity has gained its legal support through ratification of arrangements no. 40 from transportation chapter of third and article no. 63 of fourth economic, social and cultural economic schedule and its executive regulations. The General Director of coasts and ports engineering of Ports and Maritime Organization was detailed to take the studies of ICZM into consideration. The first phase of these studies began in spring 2003 and was fulfilled in autumn 2006. The outcome of this phase was compilation of following reports accomplished by several national and international skilled consultants: 1- Project Methodology 2- Scrutinized scope of services related to studies 3- Investigation of studies' needs and project preparation and performance 4- Study, definition and determination of Iranian coastal zones boundaries 6- Investigation of International concepts, methods and experiences about Integrated Coastal Zone Management 7- Study and investigation of different features of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Iran 8- Preparation and designation of geographic database 9- Purchasing and preparing basic data The second phase of studies started up in autumn 2005 and since then this phase has been fully accomplished and presented, In which six competent Iranian consultants with some cooperation of international consultants are responsible for preparing the eleven results of second part of the studies.
521:(RMA) (1991) promoted sustainable development and mandated the preparation of a New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (NZCPS), a national framework for coastal planning. It is the only national policy statement that was mandatory. All subsequent planning must not be inconsistent with the NZCPS, making it a very important document. Regional authorities are required to produce Regional coastal policy plans under the RMA (1991) but strangely enough, they only need to include the marine environment seaward of the mean high water mark. But many regional councils have chosen to integrate the âdryâ landward area within their plans, breaking down the artificial barriers. This attempt at ICZM is still in its early days running into many legislative hurdles and is yet to achieve a fully ecosystems-based approach. But as part of ICZM, evaluation and adoption of changes is important and ongoing changes to the NZCPS in the form of reviews is currently happening. This will provide an excellent stepping stone for future initiatives and the development of a fully integrated form of coastal management.
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Syria entered history for being the sixth, and "enter-into-force", country for the ICZM Protocol! Namely, the
President of the Syrian Arab Republic issued a Legislative Decree No. 85 dated 31 September 2010 for the ratification of the ICZM Protocol. With this 6th ratification, the ICZM Protocol entered into force one month later provided that Syria deposits the instrument of ratification to the depositary country, i.e. Spain. In September 2012, Croatia and Morocco ratified the Protocol, which brought the number of ratifications to 9 (Slovenia, Montenegro, Albania, Spain, France, European Union, Syria, Croatia, Morocco).
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the
Protocol. These are the following: Algeria, Croatia, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Slovenia, Spain, Syria and Tunisia. All other Parties announced to do so in the very near future. This is the 7th Protocol in the framework of the Barcelona Convention, and the decision to approve the draft text and recommendation to the Conference of the Plenipotentiaries to sign it was taken at the 15th Ordinary Meeting of the Contracting Parties during their meeting in Almeria, on 15â18 January 2008. All the parties are convinced that this Protocol is a crucial milestone in the history of the
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specific to a local area. The benefit of this is that the problems are real and acknowledged rather than searched for to fit an imposed strategy or policy. Public consultation and involvement is very important for current âtop-downâ approaches, as it can incorporate this âbottom-upâ idea into the policies made. Prescriptive âtop-downâ methods have not able to effectively address problems of resource utilization in poor coastal communities as perceptions of the coastal zone differ with regard to developed and developing countries. This leads on to another constraint to ICZM, the idea of common property.
205:, most of which are within the sight of shore. This type of practice has led to a problem that has cumulative effects. The addition of other activities adds to the strain placed on this environment. As a whole, human activity in the coastal zone generally degrades the systems by taking unsustainable quantities of resources. The effects are further exacerbated with the input of pollutant wastes. This provides the need for management. Due to the complex nature of human activity in this zone a holistic approach is required to obtain a sustainable outcome.
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Support the effective implementation of the ICZM Protocol at regional, national and local levels including through a Common
Regional Framework for ICZM; 2. Strengthen the capacities of Contracting Parties to implement the Protocol and use in an effective manner ICZM policies, instruments, tools and processes; and 3. Promote the ICZM Protocol and its implementation within the region, and promote it globally by developing synergies with relevant Conventions and Agreements.
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Enforcing restrictions or change to activities within the coastal zone can be difficult as these resources are often very important to people's livelihoods. The idea of the coast being common property fouls âtop-downâ approaches. The idea of common property itself is not all that clean, This perception can lead to cumulative exploitation of resources â the very problem this management seeks to extinguish.
318:. For ICZM to succeed, it must be sustainable. Sustainability entails a continuous process of decision making, so there is never an end-state just a readjustment of the equilibrium between development and the protection of the environment. The concept of Sustainability or sustainable development came to fruition in the 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development,
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Preparation of comprehensive management plans for optimum utilization of existent sources and potentials in all developed and developing countries is one of the appropriate approaches for constant and permanent utilization of natural, human and financial sources. The versatility of natural sources in
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Whilst acknowledging a physical coastal zone, the inclusion of ecosystems, resources and human activity within the zone is important. It is the human activities that warrant management. These activities are responsible for disrupting the natural coastal systems. To add to the complexity of this zone,
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Defining the coastal zone is of particular importance to the idea of ICZM. But the fuzziness of borders due to the dynamic nature of the coast makes it difficult to clearly define. Most simply the coast can be thought of as an area of interaction between the land and the ocean. Ketchum (1972) defined
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For ICZM to be successful it must adhere to the principles that define sustainability and act upon them in ways that are integrated. An optimal balance between environmental protection and the development of economic and social sectors is paramount. As part of the holistic approach ICZM applies, many
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At the
Conference of the Plenipotentiaries on the ICZM Protocol that took place on 20â21 January 2008 in Madrid, the ICZM Protocol was signed. Under the presidency of the Minister of Environment of Spain, H.E. Ms. Cristina Narbona Ruiz, fourteen Contracting Parties of the Barcelona Convention signed
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Major constraints of ICZM are mostly institutional, rather than technological. The âtop-downâ approach of administrative decision making sees problematisation as a tool promoting ICZM through the idea of sustainability. Community-based âbottom-upâ approaches can perceive problems and issues that are
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The term âintegrationâ can be adopted for many different purposes, it is therefore quite important to define the term in the context of the management of the coastal zone to appreciate the intentions of ICZM. Integration within ICZM occurs in and between many different levels, 5 types of integration
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Issues arise with the diversity of features present on the coast and the spatial scales of the interacting systems. Coasts being dynamic in nature are influenced differently all around the world. Influences such as river systems, may reach far inland increasing the complexity and scale of the zone.
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The dynamic processes that occur within the coastal zones produce diverse and productive ecosystems which have been of great importance historically for human populations. Coastal margins equate to only 8% of the worlds surface area but provide 25% of global productivity. Stress on this environment
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on
Integrated Coastal Zone Management which defines the principles sound coastal planning and management. These include the need to base planning on sound and shared knowledge, the need to take a long-term and cross-sector perspective, to pro-actively involve stakeholders and the need to take into
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The coastal environment has huge historical and cultural connections with human activity. Its wealth of resources have provided for millennia, with regard to ICZM how does management become legally binding if the dominant perception of the coast is of a common area available to all? And should it?
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is a unique legal instrument in the entire international community and the
Mediterranean countries are proud of this fact. They are willing to share these experiences with other coastal countries of the world. The signing of the Protocol came after six years of dedicated work of all the Parties.
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The last phase is evaluation of the whole process. The principles of sustainability mean that there is no âend state.â ICZM is an ongoing process which should constantly readjust the equilibrium between economic development and the protection of the environment. Feedback is a crucial part of the
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ICZM management must embrace a holistic viewpoint of the functions that makeup the complex and dynamic nature of interactions in the coastal environment. Management framework must be applied to a defined geographical limit (often complicated) and should operate with a high level of integration.
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for the implementation of the ICZM Protocol 2012-2019 was adopted on the occasion of the CoP 17, held in Paris from 8 to 10 February 2012. The core purposes and objectives of this Action Plan are to implement the
Protocol based on country-based planning and regional co-ordination, namely: 1.
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Within the coastal environment there are many sectors that operate. These human activities are largely economic activities such as tourism, fisheries, and port companies. A sense of co-operation between sectors is the main requirement for sector integration within ICZM. This comes from the
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Valuable resources such as fish and minerals are considered to be common property and are in high demand for coastal dwellers for subsistence use, recreation and economic development. Through the perception of common property, these resources have been subjected to intensive and specific
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This is the realisation of the physical environment being a whole. The coastal environment is a dynamic relationship between many processes all of which are interdependent. The link must be made between imposing a change on one system or feature and its inevitable âflow onâ effects.
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of the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/MAP), the first-ever Regional Seas Programme under UNEP's umbrella. It will allow the countries to better manage their coastal zones, as well as to deal with the emerging coastal environmental challenges, such as the climate change.
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Between levels of governance, consistency and co-operation is needed throughout planning and policy making. ICZM is most effective where initiatives have common purpose at local, regional, and national levels. Common goals and actions increase efficiency and mitigate confusion.
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plans, strategies or objectives which are generally quite powerful or they can be non-statutory processes and can act as a guide for future development. This duality is largely beneficial as the future can be taken into account, but still provide for a firm stance based in the
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Throughout ICZM, knowledge should be accepted from all disciplines. All means of scientific, cultural, traditional, political and local expertise need to be accounted for. By including all these elements a truly holistic approach towards management can be achieved.
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To simplify these points, sustainability should acknowledge the right of humans to live a life that is healthy and productive. It should allow for equal distribution of benefits to all people and in doing so protect the environment through appropriate use.
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On May 8, 2014 the
Israeli Government ratified the ICZM Protocol. This Resolution (#1588) was made in accordance with Article 19(b) of the Government Rules of Procedure. The ICZM Protocol ratification by Israel brings the number of ratifications to 10.
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ICZM provides a global common thought process and decision making framework which is flexible enough to find solutions tailored to the diverse range of world's as well as unique national, regional and local coastline and coastal environments and needs.
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administrative boundaries use arbitrary lines that dissect the zone, often leading to fragmented management. This sectored approach focuses on specific activities such as land use and fisheries, often leading to adverse effects in another sector.
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Public participation and stakeholder involvement is essential in ICZM processes, not only in terms of a democratic approach, but also from a technicalâinstrumental point of view, in order to reduce decisional conflicts (Ioppolo et al., 2013).
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Sustainability is by no means a set of prescriptive actions, more accurately it is a way of thinking. Adapting this way of thinking paves the way for a longer-term view with a more holistic approach, something successful ICZM can achieve.
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aspects within a coastal zone are expected to be considered and accounted for. These include but are not limited to: the spatial, functional, legal, policy, knowledge, and participation dimensions. Below are four identified goals of ICZM:
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Issues and problems need to be identified and assessments of these need to be quantified. This first step will include integration between government, sectoral entities and local residents. The assessments also have to be broad in their
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IDRUS, M. R. 2009. Hard Habits to Break: Investigating Coastal Resource Utilisations and Management Systems in Sulawesi, Indonesia Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science, University of Canterbury.
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using an integrated approach, regarding all aspects of the coastal zone, including geographical and political boundaries, in an attempt to achieve sustainability. This concept was born in 1992 during the
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The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a key element for the sustainable development of coastal zones. However this recent notion may not be adapted to all cases. The natural disasters
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The term integration in a coastal management context has many horizontal and vertical aspects, which reflects the complexity of the task and it proves a challenge to implement.
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The band of dry land and adjacent ocean space (water and submerged land) in which terrestrial processes and land uses directly affect oceanic processes and uses, and vice versa.
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KETCHUM, B. H. 1972. The water's edge: critical problems of the coastal zone. In: Coastal Zone Workshop, 22 May-3 June 1972 Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Cambridge: MIT Press.
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Operationalization of the plan through law enforcement, education, development, etc. The implementation activities are unique to their environments and can take many forms.
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This sees ICZM as an important tool on a global scale. If goals and beliefs are common on a supranational scale, large scale problems could be mitigated or avoided.
1041:| FrangeCôtière | KustStrook: Wiki in development with relevant and on-time information, useful for the integrated management of the coastal zones of our world.
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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After the issues and problems have been identified and weighted, an effective management plan can be made. The plan will be specific to the area in question.
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New Zealand is quite unique as it uses sustainable management within legislation, with a high level of importance placed on to the coastal environment. The
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322:. It stated sustainable development is âto meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needsâ.
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CROOKS, S. & TURNER, R. K. 1999. Integrated coastal management: sustaining estuarine natural resources. Advances in Ecological Research, 29, 241-289.
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BROWN, K., TOMPKINS, E. L. & ADGER, N. 2002. Making Waves: Integrating coastal conservation and development, London, Earthscan Publications Limited.
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comes with approximately 70% of the world's population being within a day's walk of the coast. Two-thirds of the world's cities occur on the coast.
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WORLD, COMMISSION, ON, ENVIRONMENT, AND & DEVELOPMENT 1987. Towards Sustainable future, "Our common future". New York: Oxford University Press.
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Failure to include these aspects and goals would lead to a form of unsustainable management, undermining the paradigms explicit to ICZM.
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CICIN-SAIN, B. & KNECHT, R. 1998. Integrated coastal and ocean management: concepts and practices. Washington D.C.: Island Press.
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have made a lot of impact on the coastal environment and also the stakeholder's perception on mitigation and management of
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CICIN-SAIN, B. 1993. Sustainable Development and Integrated Coastal Management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 21, 11-43.
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WILLIAMS, A. & MICALLEF, A. 2009. Beach Management: Principles and Practice, London, Earthscan Publications Limited.
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THIA-ENG, C. 1993. Essential Elements of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 21, 81-108.
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MASSELINK, G. & HUGHES, M. 2003. Introduction to Coastal Processes and Geomorphology, London, Hodder Arnold.
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realisation of a common goal focused around sustainability and the appreciation of one another within the area.
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BERKES, F. 1989. Common property resources: Ecology and community-based sustainable development, London.
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These issues make it difficult to clearly identify hinterlands and subscribe any subsequent management.
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Highlighted are three main standpoints which summarise the idea of Sustainable development, they are:
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BillĂŠ, R. (2008) âIntegrated Coastal Zone Management: four entrenched illusionsâ.
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process and allows for continued effectiveness even when a situation may change.
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account both the terrestrial and the marine components of the coastal zone".
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Maintaining the functional integrity of the coastal resource systems;
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Free Educational Videos about Coastal Policy and Zone Management
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Integration between land and water elements of the coastal zone:
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Lessons and Applications for British Columbia's Central Coast
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Priority Actions Programme Regional Activity Centre (PAP/RAC)
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1039:Wayback Machine
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1368:Related topics
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45:. Please help
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483:ICZM Protocol
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468:Mediterranean
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424:Human factors
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2086:Volcanic arc
1974:Feeder bluff
1881:River mouths
1846:Raised beach
1841:Pocket beach
1769:
1740:Tidal island
1730:Strand plain
1675:Natural arch
1143:
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693:Natural arch
596:Raised beach
516:
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503:ICZM Process
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244:application.
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149:
138:Earth Summit
124:
120:
116:
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94:October 2021
91:
80:
52:
33:
2237:River plume
2051:Steep coast
2024:Rocky shore
2019:Rip current
1899:River delta
1871:Wash margin
1866:Storm beach
1856:Shell beach
1821:Beach wrack
1816:Beach ridge
1806:Beach cusps
1755:Tied island
1745:Tidal marsh
1468:Archipelago
1032:CoastalZone
1028:ZonaCostera
513:New Zealand
491:Action Plan
407:Constraints
271:Evaluation:
49:if you can.
2165:Grain size
2139:Submersion
2116:Management
2101:Wind fetch
2061:Surf break
1979:Flat coast
1909:regressive
1695:Salt marsh
1553:Coral reef
1221:Flood wall
1206:Breakwater
1154:Submersion
1121:Management
736:References
727:Submersion
683:Bioerosion
172:Importance
150:Chapter 17
55:April 2015
2124:Accretion
2106:Wind wave
2066:Surf zone
1921:Processes
1894:Mouth bar
1851:Recession
1831:Beachrock
1750:Tide pool
1680:Peninsula
1568:cliff-top
1455:Landforms
1281:Revetment
1226:Floodgate
1201:Breachway
1186:Accropode
1129:Accretion
1006:Safecoast
258:statutory
159:Framework
146:Agenda 21
43:talk page
36:buzzwords
2270:Category
2255:Category
2081:Undertow
2034:Sea foam
2029:Sea cave
1929:Blowhole
1771:Windwatt
1630:Headland
1478:Avulsion
1296:Tetrapod
1035:Archived
1019:Archived
997:Archived
688:Blowhole
525:See also
446:and the
433:Adoption
261:present.
185:and the
2205:shingle
2185:granule
2170:boulder
2148:Related
2044:peresyp
1954:Current
1889:Debouch
1798:Beaches
1765:Waituna
1760:Tombolo
1670:Mudflat
1665:Machair
1655:Isthmus
1575:Estuary
1518:Channel
1291:Seawall
1181:A-Jacks
678:Erosion
2195:pebble
2190:gravel
2180:cobble
1725:Strait
1705:Skerry
1660:Lagoon
1645:Island
1600:Fundus
1503:Bodden
1286:Riprap
1236:Groyne
1231:Gabion
1064:Videos
655:(CERF)
2076:Swash
2039:Shoal
1720:Stack
1710:Sound
1700:Shoal
1650:Islet
1635:Inlet
1625:Hapua
1590:Fjord
1585:Fjard
1580:Firth
1528:Coast
1523:Cliff
1498:Bight
1473:Atoll
1316:Xbloc
1311:Wharf
1266:KOLOS
1246:Levee
1241:Jetty
1216:Dolos
1191:Akmon
248:Plan:
209:Goals
133:coast
127:is a
123:, or
2210:silt
2200:sand
2175:clay
1904:mega
1715:Spit
1685:Reef
1615:Gulf
1563:Dune
1558:Cove
1513:Cape
1483:Ayre
1276:Pier
1271:Mole
777:(2)
489:The
481:The
459:Iran
442:The
1690:Ria
1620:Gut
1610:Geo
1605:Gat
1493:Bay
193:.
140:of
119:),
2272::
949:^
901:^
871:^
855:^
814:^
796:^
753:^
505:.
152:.
148:,
1439:e
1432:t
1425:v
1105:e
1098:t
1091:v
934:.
791:.
775:1
107:)
101:(
96:)
92:(
86:.
57:)
53:(
39:.
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