2165:
235:
111:
267:
255:
acceleration of
America's 5G buildout. In early 2022, the company announced contracts for four GEO software defined satellites (SDS), two in partnership with Airbus and two in partnership with Thales Alenia Space, that are scheduled to launch in 2023. These contracts point to the pursuit of a multi-year network transformation plan with investments designed to deliver higher speeds, more flexibility, redundancy, and backwards compatibility.
495:
percentage of the total contribution needed to finance capital expenditures. The organization's primary source of revenue was satellite usage fees which, after deduction of operating costs, was redistributed to
Intelsat members in proportion to their shares as repayment of capital and compensation for use of capital. Satellite services were available to any organization (both Intelsat members and non-members), and all users paid the same rates.
4668:
4156:
509:
335:), with 7 participating countries. The 1964 agreement was an interim arrangement on a path to a more permanent agreement. The permanent international organization was established in 1973, following inter-nation negotiations from 1969 to 1971. The most difficult issue to "resolve concerned the shift from management of the system by a national entity to management by the international organization itself".
4166:
867:
4145:
726:, a load of 200 kg (440 lb) of fuel delivered to each satellite would add somewhere between two and four years of additional service life. A near-end-of-life Intelsat satellite will be moved to a graveyard orbit 200 to 300 km (120–190 mi) above the geostationary belt where the refueling will be done, "without consequence" to the Intelsat business.
392:
arrangements in force from 1964 to 1973". Later phases of the transition resulted in full international governance by 1980. Financial contribution to the organization, its so-called "investment share", was strictly proportional to each member's use of the system, determined annually; and this corresponded to the weighted vote each would have on the Board of
Governors.
278:
4680:
4176:
1390:
1190:
102:
366:, and an Operating Agreement setting forth more detailed financial and technical provisions and signed by the governments or their designated telecommunications entities", — in most cases, the latter are the ministries of communications of the party countries, but in the case of the United States, was the
652:
According to company statements, the company was hoping to restructure so that it could raise requisite capital to launch new satellite technology in 2022/2023, at a cost of some US$ 1.6 billion. The technology could compress existing licensed C-band spectrum customers into just forty per cent of the
2006:
if the MDA spacecraft performs as planned, Intelsat will be paying a total of some US$ 200 million to MDA. This assumes that four or five satellites are given around 200 kilograms each of fuel. ... The maiden flight of the vehicle would be on an
International Launch Services Proton rocket, industry
661:
On
February 24, 2022, Intelsat emerged from Chapter 11 as a private company with a strengthened capital structure which reduced debt by more than half, from approximately $ 16 billion to $ 7 billion. The company’s plan of reorganization was supported by all creditors and confirmed by the Bankruptcy
2075:
the refueling vehicle would dock at the target satellite's apogee kick motor, peel off a section of the craft's thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service
729:
As of March 2010, the business model was still evolving. MDA "could ask customers to pay per kilogram of fuel successfully added to satellite, with the per-kilogram price being a function of the additional revenue the operator can expect to generate from the spacecraft's extended operational
665:
According to then company CEO, Stephen
Spengler, post bankruptcy, the company plans to pursue aggressive network innovation plans, and strategic growth initiatives, including building a software-defined 5G network. The company also announced a new board of directors, led by Lisa Hammitt, executive
687:
announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire
Intelsat for €2.8 billion (US$ 3.1 billion) cash, with the transaction expected to complete regulatory clearance in the second half of 2025. With over 100 GEO satellites, 26 MEO satellites, and 13 satellites on order, the combined company's
2039:
the operator of the world's largest fleet of commercial satellites — Intelsat has 52 in orbit. ... For this first demonstration mission, ... one of our satellites that is at the end of its life and about to be decommissioned ... will be taken out of geostationary orbit without consequence to our
494:
On 18 July 2001, Intelsat became a private company, 37 years after formation. Prior to
Intelsat's privatization in 2001, ownership and investment in Intelsat (measured in shares) was distributed among Intelsat members according to their use of services. Investment shares determined each member's
787:
Over time, Intelsat has worked with most of the commercial launch services providers worldwide. Their satellites are often among the most massive of their generation, requiring the most powerful and reliable rockets on the market at a given time. In the 21st century, most
Intelsat missions were
674:
In
December 2020, Intelsat completed its acquisition of Gogo’s Commercial Aviation (CA) business. The vertical integration combined Intelsat’s next-generation global telecommunications network with Gogo CA’s customer-facing capabilities offering airlines and passengers an enhanced inflight
391:
The 1973 Agreement called for a seven-year transition from national to international management, but continued until 1976 to carve out "technical and operational management of the system the Communications Satellite Corporation served as the Manager of the global system under the interim
254:
As of June 2022, Intelsat operated a fleet of 52 communications satellites which was then one of the world's largest fleets. In 2020, the company announced plans to procure, build and launch seven C-band satellites over the next several years. These C-band satellites will contribute to the
399:
Since its inception, Intelsat has used several versions (blocks) of its dedicated Intelsat satellites. Intelsat completes each block of spacecraft independently, leading to a variety of satellite manufacturing contractors over the years. Intelsat's largest spacecraft supplier by 2012 was
441:
By the 1990s, building and launching satellites was no longer exclusively a government domain and as country-specific telecommunications systems were privatized, several private satellite operators arose to meet the growing demand. In the U.S., satellite operators such as
361:
In 1973, the name was changed and there were 81 signatories. Intelsat was "governed initially by two international agreements: The Agreement setting forth the basic provisions and principles and structure of the organization, signed by the governments through their
741:, remove a small part of the target spacecraft's thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. "MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service for about 20 minutes".
386:
a Board of Governors, meeting at least four times each year, making decisions on design, development, establishment, operation and maintenance of the in-space assets, appointed by signatories, but weighted to each signatory's "investment share" in the space
570:
on the New York Stock Exchange, raising a net US$ 550 million, of which US$ 492 million was paid immediately to reduce outstanding company debts of US$ 15.9 billion. In May 2013, the company announced it would be purchasing four new high-performance
395:
As of 2018, Intelsat provides service to over 600 Earth stations in more than 149 countries, territories and dependencies. By 2001, Intelsat had over 100 members. It was also this year that Intelsat privatized and changed its name to Intelsat.
374:
legislation to represent the U.S. in international governance for the global communication satellite system. Intelsat at that time directly owned and managed a global communications satellite system, and structurally consisted of three parts:
653:
spectrum used in 2019. The release of spectrum would enable the company to receive up to US$ 4.86 billion in "spectrum clearing payments" from the FCC for clearing the spectrum by December 2023, two years ahead of the FCC baseline plan.
382:
the Meeting of Signatories – meeting annually and composed of all the signatories to the Operating Agreement—primarily working on financial, technical and program matters, with each countries' signatory having one
612:. A highly international business, Intelsat sources the majority of its revenue from non-U.S. located customers. In addition to its satellite fleet, Intelsat owns and operates eight teleports around the world.
4741:
4751:
4746:
662:
Court on December 16, 2021. In connection with the emergence from bankruptcy, Intelsat also obtained $ 6.7 billion in new financing including a revolving credit facility, term loan, and secured notes.
312:
providing international broadcast services. In 2001, the international satellite market was fully commercialized, and Intelsat was privatized after 2001 as Intelsat was formed up as a private
1720:
945:
4786:
2237:
301:
42:
2021:
813:
1475:
980:
4736:
4761:
379:
the Assembly of Parties – meeting every two years and concerned with aspects "primarily of interest to the Parties as sovereign States"—with each country having one vote.
4781:
505:
and known as Galaxy 27 since on 1 February 2007) experienced a several-day power failure on 29 November 2004. The satellite returned to service with reduced capacity.
475:
2076:
for about 20 minutes. ... The servicing robot would have an in-orbit life of about five years, and would carry enough fuel to perform 10 or 11 satellite-refueling or
1988:
608:, where a majority of its employees worked at the time. Intelsat maintains constantly staffed global network operations centers in its Tysons Corner location and in
4716:
1972:
4306:
596:. However, on 1 June 2017, it was announced that the bondholders would not accept the offer and that the potential merger would be terminated as of 2 June 2017.
4627:
1123:
2007:
officials said. One official said the MDA spacecraft, including its 2000 kilograms of refueling propellant, is likely to weigh around 6000 kilograms at launch.
2057:
4771:
4128:
4100:
4095:
3120:
4776:
4731:
4726:
251:
announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire Intelsat for USD$ 3.1 billion, with the transaction expected to close in the second half of 2025.
1598:
701:
1698:
4756:
4653:
547:
on 3 July 2006, and was then the world's largest provider of fixed satellite services, operating a fleet of 52 satellites in prime orbital locations.
1724:
1656:
4766:
621:
247:
confirmed that it was in talks about a merger with Intelsat but in June 2023, it was announced that these discussions had ended. On 30 April 2024,
4648:
479:
371:
2025:
1881:
411:
The network in its early years was not as robust as it is now. A failure of the Atlantic satellite in the spring of 1969 threatened to stop the
4711:
4270:
4122:
1443:
462:(ACISS) to press for an end to the exclusively-intergovernmental organizations operating communication satellites and the monopoly position of
1199:
4117:
4107:
4087:
3889:
1500:
1373:
965:
1907:
1810:
1752:
421:
used undersea cable telephone circuits as an alternative to route Apollo's communications to NASA during the mission. During the Apollo 11
297:
1214:
4581:
4112:
3958:
1328:
1276:
4671:
3884:
2202:
1612:
4683:
4311:
4212:
3978:
646:
2094:
4721:
3763:
3311:
3113:
1992:
1565:
1149:
582:
1831:
1788:
706:
As of March 2011, Intelsat has agreed to purchase one-half of the 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) propellant payload that an
641:. The C-Band Alliance was an industry consortium of the major satellite operators. The consortium had been formed to lobby U.S.
3874:
1043:
752:
satellite. The MEV 1 spacecraft will provide propulsion capabilities to Intelsat 901 to extend its usable life for five years.
1738:
3869:
3420:
2127:
1310:
1097:
482:
concerns about market power, Intelsat's senior management spun off five of its older satellites to a private Dutch entity,
4535:
3894:
1247:
801:
4179:
2061:
1933:
4632:
4356:
4169:
3930:
3827:
3370:
3137:
1845:
4408:
4159:
3666:
3106:
2247:
1958:
761:
363:
4018:
3940:
3879:
3586:
1579:
1175:
305:
54:
1516:
4560:
4260:
4245:
3790:
3751:
3596:
3496:
3425:
3358:
3185:
829:
745:
528:
258:
As of 2022, the company served approximately 1,800 customers and employed a staff of approximately 1,790 people.
64:
4576:
4265:
4221:
4149:
3391:
3326:
3279:
3165:
734:
723:
711:
634:
Public reporting showed that the company had been considering bankruptcy protection as early as February 2020,
540:
433:, and so other antennas were used, as well as Intelsat III, which was in geostationary orbit over the Pacific.
309:
58:
4250:
3988:
3973:
3817:
3768:
3691:
3591:
3269:
3155:
3150:
2077:
567:
422:
134:
4555:
4515:
4495:
3910:
3696:
3511:
3456:
3451:
3264:
3229:
2195:
471:
124:
110:
1399:
4591:
4205:
3812:
3616:
3581:
3501:
3481:
3403:
3291:
3212:
513:
447:
355:
1638:
1365:
The Political Economy of the Space Age: How Science and Technology Shape the Evolution of Human Society
4370:
4235:
3726:
3686:
3656:
3413:
3348:
3239:
1450:
4611:
4424:
4346:
3736:
3676:
3435:
3397:
3254:
3195:
3180:
1025:
715:
347:
2265:
3963:
3920:
3851:
3721:
3651:
3626:
3561:
3408:
3129:
2895:
1011:
872:
609:
1760:
771:
On 1 February 2007, Intelsat changed the names of 16 of its satellites formerly known under the
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3005:
2955:
2945:
2935:
4706:
4330:
4003:
3925:
3839:
3822:
3785:
3671:
3631:
3461:
3430:
3296:
3190:
3087:
2227:
2188:
1496:
1369:
1222:
961:
900:
772:
738:
642:
1721:"Inside Intelsat S.A.'s new Tysons Corner headquarters (Video) - Washington Business Journal"
1363:
1340:
1288:
1069:
4596:
4275:
4198:
4008:
3968:
3948:
3915:
3844:
3802:
3716:
3571:
3556:
3531:
3506:
3466:
3316:
3175:
3170:
3160:
2496:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
953:
719:
628:
605:
517:
163:
38:
836:, until they suspended operations in 2014. On 30 May 2012, Intelsat signed a contract with
417:
mission; a replacement satellite went into a bad orbit and could not be recovered in time;
4470:
4366:
4341:
4336:
4240:
3636:
3491:
3259:
3222:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2108:
1124:"Intelsat Orders 2 Software-Defined Satellites from Thales Alenia Space - Via Satellite -"
689:
593:
483:
293:
285:
34:
3234:
2131:
930:
649:(FCC) regarding the reassignment and payment for the legacy 5G spectrum of its members.
266:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4255:
3834:
3706:
3681:
3641:
3611:
3486:
3321:
3207:
2665:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2164:
1661:
981:"Intelsat moves into new Tysons office, part of a wave of tenants wooed by Silver Line"
844:
589:
524:
351:
289:
234:
1832:
Intelsat Reportedly Hires Bankruptcy Firm Kirkland & Ellis, Considering Chapter 11
508:
4700:
4606:
4525:
4296:
3983:
3756:
3746:
3661:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3521:
3343:
3202:
2040:
business, with the refueling done 200 to 300 kilometers above the geostationary belt.
1422:
1394:
1194:
910:
833:
707:
684:
638:
532:
430:
401:
248:
244:
1543:
4510:
4434:
3861:
3701:
3646:
3576:
3541:
3476:
3375:
3365:
3217:
2885:
2870:
2860:
2850:
2845:
2830:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2501:
998:
905:
895:
841:
749:
1490:
476:
Open-market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications
4520:
4454:
4061:
3711:
3621:
3606:
3566:
3526:
3385:
3071:
2880:
2875:
2865:
2855:
2840:
2835:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2706:
2691:
2681:
2511:
2261:
1492:
Deregulating Telecommunications: U.S. and Canadian Telecommunications, 1840-1997
789:
551:
405:
1882:"Intelsat Secures Nearly $ 7B in New Funds as Company Exits Chapter 11 Process"
1834:, Rachel Jewett, Satellite Today, 5 February 2020, accessed 14 May 2020
1044:"SES to acquire Intelsat in compelling transaction focused on the future | SES"
4485:
4066:
3773:
3471:
3380:
3336:
3306:
3284:
3274:
3249:
3076:
3066:
3061:
2940:
2925:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2701:
2686:
2273:
2257:
957:
950:
Renegotiating the World Order: Institutional Change in International Relations
862:
821:
604:
After 2014, Intelsat maintained its corporate administrative headquarters in
575:
451:
339:
313:
1974:
SES Explains the Strategy Behind its Long-Anticipated Acquisition of Intelsat
1684:
1444:"On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission"
1226:
847:, marking the return of Intelsat to American launchers after many flights on
737:
vehicle would maneuver to several satellites, dock at the target satellite's
79:
66:
4439:
4051:
3516:
3331:
3051:
3015:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2930:
2910:
2905:
825:
502:
498:
413:
30:
4190:
588:
There were negotiations in 2017 that Intelsat could potentially merge with
324:
The International Governmental Organization (IGO) began on (August 20, 1964
101:
277:
4540:
4500:
4490:
4480:
4475:
4351:
4046:
4036:
3953:
3778:
3601:
3056:
2920:
2915:
2232:
890:
885:
848:
809:
805:
797:
793:
776:
544:
467:
455:
443:
2175:
1789:"Intelsat declares bankruptcy as means to fund C-band spectrum clearing"
4545:
4530:
4449:
4429:
4398:
4388:
4041:
4026:
3081:
2625:
2565:
2491:
2180:
1520:
852:
536:
1599:"Intelsat Signs New Major Boeing Deal, Releases First Quarter Results"
744:
On 25 February 2020, a Northrop Grumman robotic servicing spacecraft,
692:
satellite networks, and has an expected 2024 revenue of €3.8 billion.
666:
vice president and chief technology officer at Davidson Technologies.
4601:
4550:
4444:
4393:
4378:
4301:
4291:
4071:
4031:
3353:
3145:
3098:
2242:
2222:
2170:
1867:
1098:"Intelsat taps Maxar for fifth C-band satellite, capping order spree"
880:
837:
817:
572:
463:
367:
1613:"Satellite Operator Intelsat Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy - SWFI"
1934:"Intelsat buys Gogo commercial aviation business for $ 400 million"
554:
announced they had acquired 76% of Intelsat for about 3.75 billion
4586:
4383:
4056:
3993:
3301:
2696:
2610:
688:
multi-orbit capability will improve competitiveness against rival
507:
276:
265:
61:
providing international telecommunications and broadcast services.
17:
1846:"Intelsat to FCC: C-Band Alliance is dead, we deserve more money"
1657:"SoftBank's Satellite Merger Disintegrates as Debt Deal Rejected"
1544:"Telstar 5, 6, 7 → Intelsat Americas 5, 6, 7 → Galaxy 25, 26, 27"
1393:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1193:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
115:
Tysons Tower, from where Intelsat's satellite fleet is controlled
4403:
3998:
1699:"Macerich's Tysons Tower Signs Intelsat as Anchor Office Tenant"
1449:. Astronomical Society of Australia. 1 July 2001. Archived from
555:
426:
418:
4194:
3102:
2184:
3244:
1960:
The Intelsat–SES merger is a milestone for the satcom industry
1277:"Essential Features of INTEL SAT: Applications for the Future"
523:
Intelsat was sold for US$ 3.1 billion in January 2005 to four
183:
2158:
478:(ORBIT) Act to privatize COMSAT. In April 1998, to address
225:
2095:"Two commercial satellites link up in space for first time"
625:
288:
instigated the creation of Intelsat with his speech to the
2022:"Intelsat Signs Up for MDA's Satellite Refueling Service"
1215:"TECHNOLOGY; Satellite Company Is Trying Life on Its Own"
1200:"JFK Address at U.N. General Assembly, 25 September 1961"
946:"International Telecommunications Satellite Organization"
460:
Alliance for Competitive International Satellite Services
4742:
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
1811:"Intelsat files for Chapter 11 before 5G spectrum sales"
23:
Luxembourgish communications satellite services provider
1908:"Intelsat Emerges from Bankruptcy as a Private Company"
302:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
43:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
4752:
Companies traded over-the-counter in the United States
4747:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
1566:"BC Partners Wins Control Of Satellite Group Intelsat"
566:
In April 2013, the renamed Intelsat S.A. undertook an
2128:"SpaceX Signs Falcon Heavy Launch Deal with Intelsat"
4641:
4620:
4569:
4463:
4417:
4365:
4284:
4228:
4080:
4017:
3939:
3903:
3860:
3801:
3735:
3444:
3136:
3044:
2894:
2745:
2674:
2548:
2510:
2423:
2342:
2256:
1989:"Intelsat Signs Up for Satellite Refueling Service"
1868:"US Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia"
624:in U.S. courts on 13 May 2020, just before the new
320:
International Governmental Organization (1964–2001)
220:
210:
202:
174:
158:
140:
130:
120:
1977:Via Satellite. 30 April 2024. Accessed 29 May 2024
1202:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
675:entertainment and connectivity (IFEC) experience.
196:(General Counsel and Chief Administrative Officer)
29:(formerly Intel-Sat, Intelsat) is a multinational
820:. Intelsat also took advantage of the equatorial
446:, Orion Communications, Columbia Communications,
338:On 6 April 1965, Intelsat's first satellite, the
33:services provider with corporate headquarters in
4787:Telecommunications companies established in 1964
1963:Analysys Mason. 9 May 2024. Accessed 29 May 2024
1016:SpaceNews. 29 March 2023. Accessed 30 March 2023
952:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 156–183,
486:, which became a direct competitor to Intelsat.
1092:
1090:
370:(COMSAT), a private corporation established by
1517:"Wikinerds.org posting concerning IA-7 outage"
1329:"Commercial Participation in Space Activities"
1030:SpaceNews. 21 June 2023. Accessed 30 June 2023
657:Emergence from bankruptcy as a private company
292:on 25 September 1961. Less than a year later,
4628:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
4206:
3114:
2196:
2058:"MDA Designing In-orbit Servicing Spacecraft"
2051:
2049:
1782:
1780:
1778:
779:brands to Galaxy and Intelsat, respectively.
8:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
458:and others formed under the umbrella of the
304:(ITSO) and operated from 1964 to 2001 as an
94:
4737:Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia
4129:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
999:"Executive Team | Intelsat Leadership"
4213:
4199:
4191:
4165:
3121:
3107:
3099:
2203:
2189:
2181:
2163:
702:MDA Space Infrastructure Servicing vehicle
631:, with over US$ 15 billion in total debt.
233:
100:
93:
4762:Electronics companies established in 1964
4654:List of communication satellite companies
1637:Medhora, Irene Klotz (28 February 2017).
1027:Intelsat walks away from SES merger talks
696:In-space refueling demonstration project
243:In March 2023, rival satellite operator
4782:Silver Lake (investment firm) companies
4649:List of communications satellite firsts
2176:Yahoo! – Intelsat, Ltd. Company Profile
1311:"United Nations Treaty, 20 August 1971"
1248:"United Nations Treaty, 20 August 1964"
922:
670:Acquisition of Gogo Commercial Aviation
637:as Intelsat formally withdrew from the
308:owning and managing a constellation of
57:owning and managing a constellation of
4717:American companies established in 1964
4531:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
2020:de Selding, Peter B. (18 March 2011).
1987:de Selding, Peter B. (14 March 2011).
1580:"Intelsat IPO Misses Target on Launch"
1362:Sommariva, Andrea (28 February 2018).
683:On 30 April 2024, satellite operator,
41:, United States. Originally formed as
7:
4679:
4175:
1038:
1036:
722:in orbit with four or five Intelsat
714:demonstration project would take to
514:Intelsat administrative headquarters
368:Communications Satellite Corporation
300:. Intelsat was originally formed as
298:Communications Satellite Act of 1962
4772:Madison Dearborn Partners companies
2093:Clark, Stephen (26 February 2020).
1421:Donald E. Kimberlin (1 June 1994).
466:the U.S. signatory to Intelsat and
37:and administrative headquarters in
4777:Private equity portfolio companies
4732:Communications satellite operators
4727:Apollo Global Management companies
2056:Selding, Peter B. (3 March 2010).
1685:"Intelsat Global Office Locations"
1213:Feder, Barnaby J. (23 July 2001).
1013:SES confirms Intelsat merger talks
14:
4312:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
2130:. Satellite Today. Archived from
1844:Henry, Caleb (20 February 2020).
647:Federal Communications Commission
585:and became Intelsat Corporation.
4757:Economy of Riverside, California
4678:
4667:
4666:
4174:
4164:
4155:
4154:
4143:
3764:Free-space optical communication
1388:
1188:
944:Lipscy, Phillip Y., ed. (2017),
865:
109:
53:), from 1964 to 2001, it was an
4767:Intergovernmental organizations
1639:"Merger of OneWeb and Intelsat"
1597:Veronica Magan (10 May 2013).
404:, having built 47 spacecraft (
1:
4712:2013 initial public offerings
1813:. Bloomberg News. 14 May 2020
802:International Launch Services
4633:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
4357:Very-small-aperture terminal
4150:Telecommunication portal
3931:Telecommunications equipment
1787:Henry, Caleb (14 May 2020).
1495:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1368:. Vernon Press. p. 29.
306:intergovernmental consortium
206:US$ 526.1 million (Q3, 2021)
55:intergovernmental consortium
4409:Digital audio radio service
4317:Motor-driven Satellite dish
3667:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2248:List of Intelsat satellites
2060:. SpaceNews. Archived from
2024:. SpaceNews. Archived from
1991:. SpaceNews. Archived from
1568:. SpaceDaily. 20 June 2007.
1339:(45): 53–68. Archived from
1287:(45): 45–52. Archived from
762:List of Intelsat satellites
746:Mission Extension Vehicle 1
4803:
3371:Telecommunications history
1070:"Global Satellite Network"
851:in the 1990s and a single
828:rockets launched from the
759:
699:
583:reincorporated in Delaware
562:Intelsat S.A. (Luxembourg)
15:
4662:
4464:Relay satellite companies
4261:High-throughput satellite
4246:Satellite Internet access
4138:
3979:Public Switched Telephone
3791:telecommunication circuit
3752:Fiber-optic communication
3497:Francis Blake (telephone)
3292:Optical telecommunication
2218:
2109:"Intelsat Infrastructure"
1489:Wilson, Kevin G. (2000).
1154:www.militaryaerospace.com
958:10.1017/9781316570463.006
529:Madison Dearborn Partners
310:communications satellites
281:An Intelsat-IVA satellite
108:
99:
59:communications satellites
4222:Satellite communications
3890:Orbital angular-momentum
3327:Satellite communications
3166:Communications satellite
1402:. NASA. 10 February 2021
1275:Leive, David M. (1981).
812:rockets manufactured by
748:(MEV 1) docked with the
724:communication satellites
541:Apollo Global Management
16:Not to be confused with
4722:Apax Partners companies
4570:Satellite manufacturers
3769:Molecular communication
3592:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3421:Undersea telegraph line
3156:Cable protection system
1584:The Wall Street Journal
1400:"Intelsat 20 2012-043A"
1327:Menter, Martin (1981).
568:initial public offering
543:. The company acquired
189:Anthony (Toby) O'Brien
135:Satellite communication
3911:Communication protocol
3697:Charles Sumner Tainter
3512:Walter Houser Brattain
3457:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3265:Information revolution
2171:Satellite Coverage Map
931:"Locations | Intelsat"
520:
326:; 60 years ago
282:
274:
146:; 60 years ago
3885:Polarization-division
3617:Narinder Singh Kapany
3582:Erna Schneider Hoover
3502:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3482:Alexander Graham Bell
3213:online video platform
1546:. Gunter's Space Page
1423:"Camelot on the Moon"
840:for one of the first
832:floating platform in
733:The plan is that the
622:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
620:Intelsat filed for a
511:
470:. In March 2001, the
280:
269:
80:38.94167°N 77.06361°W
4236:Satellite television
3727:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3687:Almon Brown Strowger
3657:Charles Grafton Page
3312:Prepaid mobile phone
3240:Electrical telegraph
2212:Intelsat Corporation
1753:"Intelsat Teleports"
1739:"Intelsat's New NOC"
1617:www.swfinstitute.org
1333:Journal of Space Law
1281:Journal of Space Law
484:New Skies Satellites
144:August 20, 1964
4621:Trade organizations
4612:Thales Alenia Space
4425:Astra Digital Radio
4418:Broadcast companies
4347:Satellite data unit
3677:Johann Philipp Reis
3436:Wireless revolution
3398:The Telephone Cases
3255:Hydraulic telegraph
2899:(Intelsat Americas)
1104:. 17 September 2020
985:The Washington Post
716:geostationary orbit
712:satellite-servicing
501:(known formerly as
499:Intelsat Americas-7
402:Space Systems/Loral
348:geostationary orbit
212:Number of employees
96:
85:38.94167; -77.06361
76: /
4440:Sirius XM Holdings
4331:Parabolic antennas
3875:Frequency-division
3852:Telephone exchange
3722:Charles Wheatstone
3652:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3627:Innocenzo Manzetti
3562:Reginald Fessenden
3297:Optical telegraphy
3130:Telecommunications
2134:on 1 February 2013
2097:. Spaceflight Now.
1940:. 1 September 2020
1914:. 24 February 2022
1888:. 25 February 2022
1763:on 16 January 2019
1727:on 22 August 2014.
1601:. Satellite Today.
1523:on 27 October 2005
1219:The New York Times
873:Spaceflight portal
800:launchers, and by
792:with the European
679:Acquisition by SES
610:Ellenwood, Georgia
581:In 2015, Intelsat
521:
364:foreign ministries
283:
275:
180:David C. Wajsgras
4694:
4693:
4251:Amateur satellite
4188:
4187:
3926:Store and forward
3921:Data transmission
3835:Network switching
3786:Transmission line
3632:Guglielmo Marconi
3597:Internet pioneers
3462:Mohamed M. Atalla
3431:Whistled language
3096:
3095:
2827:
2228:Intelsat Americas
2064:on 5 January 2013
1701:. 3 December 2012
1542:Krebs, Gunter D.
1502:978-0-8476-9825-7
1456:on 10 August 2007
1375:978-1-62273-264-7
1316:. United Nations.
1253:. United Nations.
1156:. 11 January 2021
1130:. 12 January 2022
967:978-1-107-14976-2
901:Intelsat Americas
773:Intelsat Americas
739:apogee kick motor
629:spectrum auctions
437:Commercialization
346:), was placed in
241:
240:
186:since April 2022)
4794:
4682:
4681:
4670:
4669:
4597:Northrop Grumman
4276:Carriage dispute
4215:
4208:
4201:
4192:
4178:
4177:
4168:
4167:
4158:
4157:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4019:Notable networks
4009:Wireless network
3949:Cellular network
3941:Types of network
3916:Computer network
3803:Network topology
3717:Thomas A. Watson
3572:Oliver Heaviside
3557:Philo Farnsworth
3532:Daniel Davis Jr.
3507:Charles Bourseul
3467:John Logie Baird
3176:Data compression
3171:Computer network
3123:
3116:
3109:
3100:
2825:
2299:Intelsat III F-1
2205:
2198:
2191:
2182:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2159:Official website
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2071:
2069:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2028:on 21 March 2012
2017:
2011:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1784:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1759:. Archived from
1749:
1743:
1742:
1741:. December 2016.
1735:
1729:
1728:
1723:. Archived from
1717:
1711:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1586:. 18 April 2013.
1576:
1570:
1569:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1519:. Archived from
1513:
1507:
1506:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1272:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1040:
1031:
1023:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
977:
971:
970:
941:
935:
934:
927:
875:
870:
869:
868:
855:launch in 2009.
606:Tysons, Virginia
518:Washington, D.C.
408:) by that time.
334:
332:
327:
237:
232:
229:
227:
197:
192:
187:
164:McLean, Virginia
154:
152:
147:
113:
104:
97:
91:
90:
88:
87:
86:
81:
77:
74:
73:
72:
69:
39:Tysons, Virginia
4802:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4658:
4637:
4616:
4592:Lockheed Martin
4565:
4471:AST SpaceMobile
4459:
4413:
4367:Satellite radio
4361:
4342:Satellite modem
4337:Satellite phone
4322:Multi-satellite
4280:
4266:Relay satellite
4241:Satellite radio
4224:
4219:
4189:
4184:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4076:
4013:
3935:
3899:
3856:
3805:
3797:
3738:
3731:
3637:Robert Metcalfe
3492:Tim Berners-Lee
3440:
3260:Information Age
3132:
3127:
3097:
3092:
3040:
2898:
2890:
2746:Recent Intelsat
2741:
2670:
2544:
2506:
2419:
2350:Intelsat IV F-1
2338:
2279:Intelsat II F-1
2252:
2214:
2209:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2078:orbital-cleanup
2067:
2065:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2031:
2029:
2019:
2018:
2014:
1998:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1176:"Annual Report"
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1053:
1051:
1050:. 30 April 2024
1042:
1041:
1034:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1006:
997:
996:
992:
979:
978:
974:
968:
943:
942:
938:
929:
928:
924:
919:
871:
866:
864:
861:
845:launch vehicles
785:
783:Launch vehicles
769:
764:
758:
708:MDA Corporation
704:
698:
681:
672:
659:
639:C-Band Alliance
618:
602:
564:
492:
480:U.S. government
439:
331:August 20, 1964
330:
328:
325:
322:
294:John F. Kennedy
286:John F. Kennedy
264:
224:
213:
198:
195:
194:Michelle Bryan
193:
190:
188:
181:
177:
170:
166:
150:
148:
145:
116:
84:
82:
78:
75:
70:
67:
65:
63:
62:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
4800:
4798:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4676:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4327:Satellite dish
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4256:Ground station
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4203:
4195:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4023:
4021:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:Space-division
3866:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3820:
3815:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3707:Camille Tissot
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3682:Claude Shannon
3679:
3674:
3672:Tivadar Puskás
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:Antonio Meucci
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Charles K. Kao
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Harold Hopkins
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3487:Emile Berliner
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Videotelephony
3423:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3401:
3394:
3389:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3340:
3339:
3329:
3324:
3322:Radiotelephone
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:Internet video
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2431:Intelsat V F-1
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2270:
2268:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2152:
2151:External links
2149:
2146:
2145:
2126:Jeffrey Hill.
2118:
2100:
2085:
2045:
2012:
1995:on 24 May 2012
1979:
1965:
1951:
1925:
1899:
1873:
1870:. 13 May 2020.
1859:
1836:
1824:
1802:
1774:
1744:
1730:
1712:
1690:
1676:
1662:Bloomberg News
1648:
1629:
1604:
1589:
1571:
1557:
1534:
1508:
1501:
1481:
1467:
1435:
1413:
1381:
1374:
1354:
1343:on 1 June 2012
1319:
1302:
1291:on 1 June 2012
1256:
1239:
1205:
1181:
1167:
1141:
1115:
1086:
1061:
1032:
1018:
1004:
990:
972:
966:
936:
921:
920:
918:
915:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
876:
860:
857:
824:offering with
784:
781:
768:
765:
757:
754:
700:Main article:
697:
694:
680:
677:
671:
668:
658:
655:
617:
614:
601:
598:
563:
560:
550:In June 2007,
525:private equity
491:
488:
438:
435:
389:
388:
384:
380:
356:Delta D rocket
352:Atlantic Ocean
321:
318:
290:United Nations
263:
260:
239:
238:
222:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
200:
199:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
162:
160:
156:
155:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
114:
106:
105:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4799:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4704:
4702:
4687:
4686:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4297:Monoblock LNB
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4229:Main articles
4227:
4223:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4197:
4196:
4193:
4181:
4173:
4171:
4163:
4161:
4153:
4151:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4016:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3896:
3895:Code-division
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3880:Time-division
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:and switching
3804:
3800:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3757:optical fiber
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3747:Coaxial cable
3745:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3662:Radia Perlman
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Lee de Forest
3550:
3548:
3547:Thomas Edison
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Donald Davies
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3522:Claude Chappe
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:Smoke signals
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3344:Semiconductor
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:Digital media
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:Intelsat 7-10
2547:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2008:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1913:
1912:Via Satellite
1909:
1903:
1900:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1825:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1790:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1633:
1630:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1522:
1518:
1512:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1485:
1482:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1401:
1396:
1395:public domain
1385:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1358:
1355:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1195:public domain
1185:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1129:
1128:Via Satellite
1125:
1119:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1000:
994:
991:
986:
982:
976:
973:
969:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
937:
932:
926:
923:
916:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
863:
858:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
835:
834:Pacific Ocean
831:
830:Ocean Odyssey
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:conducted by
782:
780:
778:
774:
766:
763:
755:
753:
751:
747:
742:
740:
736:
731:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
703:
695:
693:
691:
686:
678:
676:
669:
667:
663:
656:
654:
650:
648:
644:
640:
635:
632:
630:
627:
623:
615:
613:
611:
607:
599:
597:
595:
591:
586:
584:
579:
577:
576:EpicNG 702 MP
574:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:Apax Partners
530:
526:
519:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
490:Privatization
489:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
472:U.S. Congress
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
436:
434:
432:
431:Pacific Ocean
429:was over the
428:
424:
420:
416:
415:
409:
407:
403:
397:
393:
385:
381:
378:
377:
376:
373:
369:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
319:
317:
316:corporation.
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
279:
273:
268:
261:
259:
256:
252:
250:
246:
236:
231:
223:
219:
215:
209:
205:
201:
185:
179:
173:
169:United States
165:
161:
157:
143:
139:
136:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
112:
107:
103:
98:
95:Intelsat S.A.
92:
89:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:Intelsat S.A.
19:
4684:
4672:
4511:Intersputnik
4505:
4435:Dish Network
3862:Multiplexing
3737:Transmission
3702:Nikola Tesla
3692:Henry Sutton
3647:Samuel Morse
3577:Robert Hooke
3542:Amos Dolbear
3477:John Bardeen
3396:
3376:Telautograph
3280:Mobile phone
3235:Edholm's law
3218:social media
3151:Broadcasting
2556:Intelsat 701
2520:Intelsat 601
2211:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
2121:
2113:Intelsat.com
2112:
2103:
2088:
2074:
2073:
2066:. Retrieved
2062:the original
2038:
2037:
2030:. Retrieved
2026:the original
2015:
2005:
2004:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:the original
1982:
1973:
1968:
1959:
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1937:
1928:
1916:. Retrieved
1911:
1902:
1890:. Retrieved
1885:
1876:
1862:
1850:. Retrieved
1839:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1765:. Retrieved
1761:the original
1756:
1747:
1733:
1725:the original
1715:
1703:. Retrieved
1693:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1660:
1651:
1642:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1616:
1607:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1560:
1548:. Retrieved
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:the original
1511:
1491:
1484:
1470:
1460:22 September
1458:. Retrieved
1451:the original
1438:
1428:22 September
1426:. Retrieved
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1384:
1364:
1357:
1345:. Retrieved
1341:the original
1336:
1332:
1322:
1305:
1293:. Retrieved
1289:the original
1284:
1280:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1218:
1208:
1184:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1153:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1127:
1118:
1106:. Retrieved
1101:
1077:. Retrieved
1073:
1064:
1052:. Retrieved
1047:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1007:
993:
984:
975:
949:
939:
925:
906:Intersputnik
896:Intelsat 708
842:Falcon Heavy
786:
770:
750:Intelsat 901
743:
732:
728:
705:
682:
673:
664:
660:
651:
636:
633:
619:
603:
587:
580:
578:satellites.
565:
549:
522:
497:
493:
459:
440:
412:
410:
398:
394:
390:
360:
343:
337:
323:
284:
271:
257:
253:
242:
216:1,790 (2021)
159:Headquarters
121:Company type
50:
46:
26:
25:
4521:SED Systems
4455:1worldspace
4271:Transponder
4062:NPL network
3774:Radio waves
3712:Alfred Vail
3622:Hedy Lamarr
3607:Dawon Kahng
3567:Elisha Gray
3527:Yogen Dalal
3452:Nasir Ahmed
3386:Teleprinter
3250:Heliographs
3072:Horizons-3e
2753:Intelsat 14
2682:Intelsat 1R
2675:ex-PanAmSat
2512:Intelsat VI
2343:Intelsat IV
2115:. Intelsat.
1886:GovCon Wire
1852:23 February
1848:. SpaceNews
1791:. SpaceNews
1687:. Intelsat.
1665:. June 2017
1476:"ORBIT Act"
1347:5 September
1295:5 September
1150:"StackPath"
1048:www.ses.com
1001:. Intelsat.
804:(ILS) with
790:Arianespace
720:Catching up
710:spacecraft
552:BC Partners
512:The former
474:passed the
406:Intelsat 20
342:(nicknamed
296:signed the
270:INTELSAT I
83: /
4701:Categories
4486:Globalstar
4108:Antarctica
4067:Toasternet
3989:Television
3472:Paul Baran
3404:Television
3388:(teletype)
3381:Telegraphy
3359:transistor
3337:Phryctoria
3307:Photophone
3285:Smartphone
3275:Mass media
3077:Intelsat K
3067:Horizons-2
3062:Horizons-1
2826:(New Dawn)
2424:Intelsat V
2274:Intelsat I
2258:Intelsat I
1767:16 January
1705:3 December
1622:7 November
1550:4 December
1232:7 November
917:References
822:Sea Launch
814:Khrunichev
760:See also:
756:Satellites
735:fuel-depot
616:Bankruptcy
600:Operations
452:Globalstar
350:above the
344:Early Bird
340:Intelsat I
314:Luxembourg
272:Early Bird
176:Key people
151:1964-08-20
71:77°03′49″W
68:38°56′30″N
35:Luxembourg
4292:SAT>IP
4092:Americas
4081:Locations
4052:Internet2
3813:Bandwidth
3517:Vint Cerf
3414:streaming
3392:Telephone
3332:Semaphore
3223:streaming
2906:Galaxy 3C
2080:missions.
1938:SpaceNews
1527:17 August
1227:0362-4331
1102:SpaceNews
826:Zenit-3SL
643:regulator
503:Telstar 7
414:Apollo 11
228:.intelsat
31:satellite
4707:Intelsat
4673:Category
4541:Starlink
4536:Star One
4506:Intelsat
4501:Inmarsat
4491:Hispasat
4481:Eutelsat
4476:EchoStar
4352:Spacebus
4285:Hardware
4160:Category
4047:Internet
4037:CYCLADES
3954:Ethernet
3904:Concepts
3828:terminal
3779:wireless
3602:Bob Kahn
3445:Pioneers
3270:Internet
3161:Cable TV
2233:PanAmSat
2068:14 March
2032:20 March
1999:15 March
1944:8 August
1918:8 August
1892:8 August
1757:Intelsat
1406:29 March
1160:8 August
1134:8 August
1108:8 August
1079:8 August
1074:Intelsat
1054:30 April
891:Inmarsat
886:Eutelsat
859:See also
849:Atlas II
810:Proton-M
806:Proton-K
798:Ariane 5
794:Ariane 4
777:PanAmSat
767:Renaming
592:-backed
590:Softbank
545:PanAmSat
468:Inmarsat
444:PanAmSat
423:moonwalk
131:Industry
51:Intelsat
4685:Commons
4556:Turksat
4546:Telesat
4516:Iridium
4450:Allente
4430:DirecTV
4404:ISDB-S3
4399:DVB-S2X
4389:DVB-RCS
4180:Commons
4170:Outline
4123:Oceania
4042:FidoNet
4027:ARPANET
3840:circuit
3409:digital
3138:History
3082:Marisat
2502:VA F-15
2497:VA F-14
2492:VA F-13
2487:VA F-12
2482:VA F-11
2477:VA F-10
2415:IVA F-6
2410:IVA F-5
2405:IVA F-4
2400:IVA F-3
2395:IVA F-2
2390:IVA F-1
2334:III F-8
2329:III F-7
2324:III F-6
2319:III F-5
2314:III F-4
2309:III F-3
2304:III F-2
1643:Reuters
853:Atlas V
730:life".
537:Permira
527:firms:
448:Iridium
387:assets.
372:federal
329: (
262:History
221:Website
203:Revenue
149: (
141:Founded
125:Private
4602:SpaceX
4582:Boeing
4577:Airbus
4561:Viasat
4551:Tooway
4496:Hughes
4445:Sky UK
4394:DVB-S2
4379:DVB-SH
4302:DiSEqC
4118:Europe
4088:Africa
4072:Usenet
4032:BITNET
3969:Mobile
3845:packet
3354:MOSFET
3349:device
3146:Beacon
2896:Galaxy
2385:IV F-8
2380:IV F-7
2375:IV F-6
2370:IV F-5
2365:IV F-4
2360:IV F-3
2355:IV F-2
2294:II F-4
2289:II F-3
2284:II F-2
2243:STS-49
2223:COMSAT
2138:3 June
1817:14 May
1795:15 May
1669:5 June
1499:
1397::
1372:
1225:
1197::
964:
881:COMSAT
838:SpaceX
818:Russia
645:, the
594:OneWeb
573:Boeing
464:COMSAT
425:, the
4642:Lists
4587:INVAP
4384:S-DMB
4307:USALS
4101:South
4096:North
4057:JANET
3994:Telex
3984:Radio
3823:Nodes
3818:Links
3739:media
3317:Radio
3302:Pager
3230:Drums
3196:video
3191:image
3181:audio
3088:SBS 6
3057:APR-2
3052:APR-1
3045:Other
2666:10-02
2471:V F-9
2466:V F-8
2461:V F-7
2456:V F-6
2451:V F-5
2446:V F-4
2441:V F-3
2436:V F-2
1454:(PDF)
1447:(PDF)
1314:(PDF)
1251:(PDF)
556:euros
383:vote.
354:by a
191:(CFO)
49:, or
18:Intel
4113:Asia
3999:UUCP
3959:ISDN
2238:ITSO
2140:2012
2070:2011
2034:2011
2001:2011
1946:2022
1920:2022
1894:2022
1854:2020
1819:2020
1797:2020
1769:2019
1707:2022
1671:2017
1624:2022
1552:2022
1529:2005
1497:ISBN
1462:2006
1430:2006
1408:2021
1370:ISBN
1349:2018
1297:2018
1234:2022
1223:ISSN
1162:2022
1136:2022
1110:2022
1081:2022
1056:2024
962:ISBN
808:and
796:and
775:and
539:and
427:Moon
419:NASA
230:.com
47:ITSO
4607:SSL
4526:SES
4004:WAN
3974:NGN
3964:LAN
3245:Fax
3186:DCT
3084:-F2
2926:10R
2886:40e
2871:37e
2861:35e
2851:33e
2846:32e
2831:29e
2661:907
2656:906
2651:905
2646:904
2641:903
2636:902
2631:901
2626:806
2621:805
2616:804
2611:803
2606:802
2601:801
2596:709
2591:708
2586:707
2581:706
2576:705
2571:704
2566:703
2561:702
2540:605
2535:604
2530:603
2525:602
2266:III
954:doi
911:SES
816:in
690:LEO
685:SES
516:in
456:TRW
249:SES
245:SES
226:www
184:CEO
4703::
4371:TV
4369:/
3036:37
3031:36
3026:35
3021:34
3016:33
3011:32
3006:31
3001:30
2996:28
2991:27
2986:26
2981:25
2976:23
2971:19
2966:18
2961:17
2956:16
2951:15
2946:14
2941:13
2936:12
2931:11
2911:4R
2881:39
2876:38
2866:36
2856:34
2841:31
2836:30
2823:28
2818:27
2813:26
2808:25
2803:24
2798:23
2793:22
2788:21
2783:20
2778:19
2773:18
2768:17
2763:16
2758:15
2737:12
2732:11
2727:10
2707:6B
2692:3R
2264:,
2262:II
2260:,
2111:.
2072:.
2048:^
2036:.
2003:.
1936:.
1910:.
1884:.
1777:^
1755:.
1659:.
1641:.
1615:.
1582:.
1335:.
1331:.
1283:.
1279:.
1259:^
1221:.
1217:.
1152:.
1126:.
1100:.
1089:^
1072:.
1046:.
1035:^
983:.
960:,
948:,
718:.
626:5G
558:.
535:,
531:,
454:,
450:,
358:.
167:,
4333:)
4329:(
4214:e
4207:t
4200:v
4131:)
4127:(
3122:e
3115:t
3108:v
2921:9
2916:5
2722:9
2717:8
2712:7
2702:5
2697:4
2687:2
2473:†
2204:e
2197:t
2190:v
2142:.
1948:.
1922:.
1896:.
1856:.
1821:.
1799:.
1771:.
1709:.
1673:.
1645:.
1626:.
1554:.
1531:.
1505:.
1478:.
1464:.
1432:.
1410:.
1378:.
1351:.
1337:9
1299:.
1285:9
1236:.
1178:.
1164:.
1138:.
1112:.
1083:.
1058:.
987:.
956::
933:.
333:)
182:(
153:)
45:(
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
