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acceleration of
America's 5G buildout. In early 2022, the company announced contracts for four GEO software defined satellites (SDS), two in partnership with Airbus and two in partnership with Thales Alenia Space, that are scheduled to launch in 2023. These contracts point to the pursuit of a multi-year network transformation plan with investments designed to deliver higher speeds, more flexibility, redundancy, and backwards compatibility.
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percentage of the total contribution needed to finance capital expenditures. The organization's primary source of revenue was satellite usage fees which, after deduction of operating costs, was redistributed to
Intelsat members in proportion to their shares as repayment of capital and compensation for use of capital. Satellite services were available to any organization (both Intelsat members and non-members), and all users paid the same rates.
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339:), with 7 participating countries. The 1964 agreement was an interim arrangement on a path to a more permanent agreement. The permanent international organization was established in 1973, following inter-nation negotiations from 1969 to 1971. The most difficult issue to "resolve concerned the shift from management of the system by a national entity to management by the international organization itself".
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730:, a load of 200 kg (440 lb) of fuel delivered to each satellite would add somewhere between two and four years of additional service life. A near-end-of-life Intelsat satellite will be moved to a graveyard orbit 200 to 300 km (120–190 mi) above the geostationary belt where the refueling will be done, "without consequence" to the Intelsat business.
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arrangements in force from 1964 to 1973". Later phases of the transition resulted in full international governance by 1980. Financial contribution to the organization, its so-called "investment share", was strictly proportional to each member's use of the system, determined annually; and this corresponded to the weighted vote each would have on the Board of
Governors.
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370:, and an Operating Agreement setting forth more detailed financial and technical provisions and signed by the governments or their designated telecommunications entities", — in most cases, the latter are the ministries of communications of the party countries, but in the case of the United States, was the
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According to company statements, the company was hoping to restructure so that it could raise requisite capital to launch new satellite technology in 2022/2023, at a cost of some US$ 1.6 billion. The technology could compress existing licensed C-band spectrum customers into just forty per cent of the
2010:
if the MDA spacecraft performs as planned, Intelsat will be paying a total of some US$ 200 million to MDA. This assumes that four or five satellites are given around 200 kilograms each of fuel. ... The maiden flight of the vehicle would be on an
International Launch Services Proton rocket, industry
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On
February 24, 2022, Intelsat emerged from Chapter 11 as a private company with a strengthened capital structure which reduced debt by more than half, from approximately $ 16 billion to $ 7 billion. The company’s plan of reorganization was supported by all creditors and confirmed by the Bankruptcy
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the refueling vehicle would dock at the target satellite's apogee kick motor, peel off a section of the craft's thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service
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As of March 2010, the business model was still evolving. MDA "could ask customers to pay per kilogram of fuel successfully added to satellite, with the per-kilogram price being a function of the additional revenue the operator can expect to generate from the spacecraft's extended operational
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According to then company CEO, Stephen
Spengler, post bankruptcy, the company plans to pursue aggressive network innovation plans, and strategic growth initiatives, including building a software-defined 5G network. The company also announced a new board of directors, led by Lisa Hammitt, executive
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announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire
Intelsat for €2.8 billion (US$ 3.1 billion) cash, with the transaction expected to complete regulatory clearance in the second half of 2025. With over 100 GEO satellites, 26 MEO satellites, and 13 satellites on order, the combined company's
2043:
the operator of the world's largest fleet of commercial satellites — Intelsat has 52 in orbit. ... For this first demonstration mission, ... one of our satellites that is at the end of its life and about to be decommissioned ... will be taken out of geostationary orbit without consequence to our
498:
On 18 July 2001, Intelsat became a private company, 37 years after formation. Prior to
Intelsat's privatization in 2001, ownership and investment in Intelsat (measured in shares) was distributed among Intelsat members according to their use of services. Investment shares determined each member's
791:
Over time, Intelsat has worked with most of the commercial launch services providers worldwide. Their satellites are often among the most massive of their generation, requiring the most powerful and reliable rockets on the market at a given time. In the 21st century, most
Intelsat missions were
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In
December 2020, Intelsat completed its acquisition of Gogo’s Commercial Aviation (CA) business. The vertical integration combined Intelsat’s next-generation global telecommunications network with Gogo CA’s customer-facing capabilities offering airlines and passengers an enhanced inflight
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The 1973 Agreement called for a seven-year transition from national to international management, but continued until 1976 to carve out "technical and operational management of the system the Communications Satellite Corporation served as the Manager of the global system under the interim
258:
As of June 2022, Intelsat operated a fleet of 52 communications satellites which was then one of the world's largest fleets. In 2020, the company announced plans to procure, build and launch seven C-band satellites over the next several years. These C-band satellites will contribute to the
403:
Since its inception, Intelsat has used several versions (blocks) of its dedicated Intelsat satellites. Intelsat completes each block of spacecraft independently, leading to a variety of satellite manufacturing contractors over the years. Intelsat's largest spacecraft supplier by 2012 was
445:
By the 1990s, building and launching satellites was no longer exclusively a government domain and as country-specific telecommunications systems were privatized, several private satellite operators arose to meet the growing demand. In the U.S., satellite operators such as
365:
In 1973, the name was changed and there were 81 signatories. Intelsat was "governed initially by two international agreements: The Agreement setting forth the basic provisions and principles and structure of the organization, signed by the governments through their
745:, remove a small part of the target spacecraft's thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. "MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service for about 20 minutes".
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a Board of Governors, meeting at least four times each year, making decisions on design, development, establishment, operation and maintenance of the in-space assets, appointed by signatories, but weighted to each signatory's "investment share" in the space
574:
on the New York Stock Exchange, raising a net US$ 550 million, of which US$ 492 million was paid immediately to reduce outstanding company debts of US$ 15.9 billion. In May 2013, the company announced it would be purchasing four new high-performance
399:
As of 2018, Intelsat provides service to over 600 Earth stations in more than 149 countries, territories and dependencies. By 2001, Intelsat had over 100 members. It was also this year that Intelsat privatized and changed its name to Intelsat.
378:
legislation to represent the U.S. in international governance for the global communication satellite system. Intelsat at that time directly owned and managed a global communications satellite system, and structurally consisted of three parts:
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spectrum used in 2019. The release of spectrum would enable the company to receive up to US$ 4.86 billion in "spectrum clearing payments" from the FCC for clearing the spectrum by December 2023, two years ahead of the FCC baseline plan.
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the Meeting of Signatories – meeting annually and composed of all the signatories to the Operating Agreement—primarily working on financial, technical and program matters, with each countries' signatory having one
616:. A highly international business, Intelsat sources the majority of its revenue from non-U.S. located customers. In addition to its satellite fleet, Intelsat owns and operates eight teleports around the world.
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Court on December 16, 2021. In connection with the emergence from bankruptcy, Intelsat also obtained $ 6.7 billion in new financing including a revolving credit facility, term loan, and secured notes.
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providing international broadcast services. In 2001, the international satellite market was fully commercialized, and Intelsat was privatized after 2001 as Intelsat was formed up as a private
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the Assembly of Parties – meeting every two years and concerned with aspects "primarily of interest to the Parties as sovereign States"—with each country having one vote.
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and known as Galaxy 27 since on 1 February 2007) experienced a several-day power failure on 29 November 2004. The satellite returned to service with reduced capacity.
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for about 20 minutes. ... The servicing robot would have an in-orbit life of about five years, and would carry enough fuel to perform 10 or 11 satellite-refueling or
1992:
612:, where a majority of its employees worked at the time. Intelsat maintains constantly staffed global network operations centers in its Tysons Corner location and in
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600:. However, on 1 June 2017, it was announced that the bondholders would not accept the offer and that the potential merger would be terminated as of 2 June 2017.
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officials said. One official said the MDA spacecraft, including its 2000 kilograms of refueling propellant, is likely to weigh around 6000 kilograms at launch.
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announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire Intelsat for USD$ 3.1 billion, with the transaction expected to close in the second half of 2025.
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on 3 July 2006, and was then the world's largest provider of fixed satellite services, operating a fleet of 52 satellites in prime orbital locations.
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confirmed that it was in talks about a merger with Intelsat but in June 2023, it was announced that these discussions had ended. On 30 April 2024,
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The network in its early years was not as robust as it is now. A failure of the Atlantic satellite in the spring of 1969 threatened to stop the
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466:(ACISS) to press for an end to the exclusively-intergovernmental organizations operating communication satellites and the monopoly position of
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used undersea cable telephone circuits as an alternative to route Apollo's communications to NASA during the mission. During the Apollo 11
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As of March 2011, Intelsat has agreed to purchase one-half of the 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) propellant payload that an
645:. The C-Band Alliance was an industry consortium of the major satellite operators. The consortium had been formed to lobby U.S.
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satellite. The MEV 1 spacecraft will provide propulsion capabilities to Intelsat 901 to extend its usable life for five years.
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concerns about market power, Intelsat's senior management spun off five of its older satellites to a private Dutch entity,
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As of 2022, the company served approximately 1,800 customers and employed a staff of approximately 1,790 people.
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Public reporting showed that the company had been considering bankruptcy protection as early as February 2020,
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The Political Economy of the Space Age: How Science and Technology Shape the Evolution of Human Society
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On 1 February 2007, Intelsat changed the names of 16 of its satellites formerly known under the
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1725:"Inside Intelsat S.A.'s new Tysons Corner headquarters (Video) - Washington Business Journal"
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mission; a replacement satellite went into a bad orbit and could not be recovered in time;
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1128:"Intelsat Orders 2 Software-Defined Satellites from Thales Alenia Space - Via Satellite -"
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653:(FCC) regarding the reassignment and payment for the legacy 5G spectrum of its members.
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985:"Intelsat moves into new Tysons office, part of a wave of tenants wooed by Silver Line"
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Intelsat Reportedly Hires Bankruptcy Firm Kirkland & Ellis, Considering Chapter 11
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business, with the refueling done 200 to 300 kilometers above the geostationary belt.
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Open-market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications
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Deregulating Telecommunications: U.S. and Canadian Telecommunications, 1840-1997
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1886:"Intelsat Secures Nearly $ 7B in New Funds as Company Exits Chapter 11 Process"
1838:, Rachel Jewett, Satellite Today, 5 February 2020, accessed 14 May 2020
1048:"SES to acquire Intelsat in compelling transaction focused on the future | SES"
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Renegotiating the World Order: Institutional Change in International Relations
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After 2014, Intelsat maintained its corporate administrative headquarters in
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1978:
SES Explains the Strategy Behind its Long-Anticipated Acquisition of Intelsat
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1448:"On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission"
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851:, marking the return of Intelsat to American launchers after many flights on
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vehicle would maneuver to several satellites, dock at the target satellite's
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There were negotiations in 2017 that Intelsat could potentially merge with
328:
The International Governmental Organization (IGO) began on (August 20, 1964
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1793:"Intelsat declares bankruptcy as means to fund C-band spectrum clearing"
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1603:"Intelsat Signs New Major Boeing Deal, Releases First Quarter Results"
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On 25 February 2020, a Northrop Grumman robotic servicing spacecraft,
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satellite networks, and has an expected 2024 revenue of €3.8 billion.
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vice president and chief technology officer at Davidson Technologies.
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1102:"Intelsat taps Maxar for fifth C-band satellite, capping order spree"
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1617:"Satellite Operator Intelsat Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy - SWFI"
1938:"Intelsat buys Gogo commercial aviation business for $ 400 million"
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announced they had acquired 76% of Intelsat for about 3.75 billion
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multi-orbit capability will improve competitiveness against rival
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providing international telecommunications and broadcast services.
1850:"Intelsat to FCC: C-Band Alliance is dead, we deserve more money"
1661:"SoftBank's Satellite Merger Disintegrates as Debt Deal Rejected"
1548:"Telstar 5, 6, 7 → Intelsat Americas 5, 6, 7 → Galaxy 25, 26, 27"
1397:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1197:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
119:
Tysons Tower, from where Intelsat's satellite fleet is controlled
4407:
4002:
1703:"Macerich's Tysons Tower Signs Intelsat as Anchor Office Tenant"
1453:. Astronomical Society of Australia. 1 July 2001. Archived from
559:
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1964:
The Intelsat–SES merger is a milestone for the satcom industry
1281:"Essential Features of INTEL SAT: Applications for the Future"
527:
Intelsat was sold for US$ 3.1 billion in January 2005 to four
187:
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482:(ORBIT) Act to privatize COMSAT. In April 1998, to address
229:
2099:"Two commercial satellites link up in space for first time"
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instigated the creation of Intelsat with his speech to the
2026:"Intelsat Signs Up for MDA's Satellite Refueling Service"
1219:"TECHNOLOGY; Satellite Company Is Trying Life on Its Own"
1204:"JFK Address at U.N. General Assembly, 25 September 1961"
950:"International Telecommunications Satellite Organization"
464:
Alliance for Competitive International Satellite Services
4746:
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
1815:"Intelsat files for Chapter 11 before 5G spectrum sales"
27:
Luxembourgish communications satellite services provider
1912:"Intelsat Emerges from Bankruptcy as a Private Company"
306:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
47:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
4756:
Companies traded over-the-counter in the United States
4751:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
1570:"BC Partners Wins Control Of Satellite Group Intelsat"
570:
In April 2013, the renamed Intelsat S.A. undertook an
2132:"SpaceX Signs Falcon Heavy Launch Deal with Intelsat"
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1993:"Intelsat Signs Up for Satellite Refueling Service"
1872:"US Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia"
628:in U.S. courts on 13 May 2020, just before the new
324:
International Governmental Organization (1964–2001)
224:
214:
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178:
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1981:Via Satellite. 30 April 2024. Accessed 29 May 2024
1206:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
679:entertainment and connectivity (IFEC) experience.
200:(General Counsel and Chief Administrative Officer)
33:(formerly Intel-Sat, Intelsat) is a multinational
824:. Intelsat also took advantage of the equatorial
450:, Orion Communications, Columbia Communications,
342:On 6 April 1965, Intelsat's first satellite, the
37:services provider with corporate headquarters in
4791:Telecommunications companies established in 1964
1967:Analysys Mason. 9 May 2024. Accessed 29 May 2024
1020:SpaceNews. 29 March 2023. Accessed 30 March 2023
956:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 156–183,
490:, which became a direct competitor to Intelsat.
1096:
1094:
374:(COMSAT), a private corporation established by
1521:"Wikinerds.org posting concerning IA-7 outage"
1333:"Commercial Participation in Space Activities"
1034:SpaceNews. 21 June 2023. Accessed 30 June 2023
661:Emergence from bankruptcy as a private company
296:on 25 September 1961. Less than a year later,
4632:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
4210:
3118:
2200:
2062:"MDA Designing In-orbit Servicing Spacecraft"
2055:
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783:brands to Galaxy and Intelsat, respectively.
8:
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462:and others formed under the umbrella of the
308:(ITSO) and operated from 1964 to 2001 as an
98:
4741:Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia
4133:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1003:"Executive Team | Intelsat Leadership"
4217:
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706:MDA Space Infrastructure Servicing vehicle
635:, with over US$ 15 billion in total debt.
237:
104:
97:
4766:Electronics companies established in 1964
4658:List of communication satellite companies
1641:Medhora, Irene Klotz (28 February 2017).
1031:Intelsat walks away from SES merger talks
700:In-space refueling demonstration project
247:In March 2023, rival satellite operator
4786:Silver Lake (investment firm) companies
4653:List of communications satellite firsts
2180:Yahoo! – Intelsat, Ltd. Company Profile
1315:"United Nations Treaty, 20 August 1971"
1252:"United Nations Treaty, 20 August 1964"
926:
674:Acquisition of Gogo Commercial Aviation
641:as Intelsat formally withdrew from the
312:owning and managing a constellation of
61:owning and managing a constellation of
4721:American companies established in 1964
4535:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
2024:de Selding, Peter B. (18 March 2011).
1991:de Selding, Peter B. (14 March 2011).
1584:"Intelsat IPO Misses Target on Launch"
1366:Sommariva, Andrea (28 February 2018).
687:On 30 April 2024, satellite operator,
45:, United States. Originally formed as
7:
4683:
4179:
1042:
1040:
726:in orbit with four or five Intelsat
718:demonstration project would take to
518:Intelsat administrative headquarters
372:Communications Satellite Corporation
304:. Intelsat was originally formed as
302:Communications Satellite Act of 1962
4776:Madison Dearborn Partners companies
2097:Clark, Stephen (26 February 2020).
1425:Donald E. Kimberlin (1 June 1994).
470:the U.S. signatory to Intelsat and
41:and administrative headquarters in
4781:Private equity portfolio companies
4736:Communications satellite operators
4731:Apollo Global Management companies
2060:Selding, Peter B. (3 March 2010).
1689:"Intelsat Global Office Locations"
1217:Feder, Barnaby J. (23 July 2001).
1017:SES confirms Intelsat merger talks
25:
4316:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
2134:. Satellite Today. Archived from
1848:Henry, Caleb (20 February 2020).
651:Federal Communications Commission
589:and became Intelsat Corporation.
4761:Economy of Riverside, California
4682:
4671:
4670:
4178:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4147:
3768:Free-space optical communication
1392:
1192:
948:Lipscy, Phillip Y., ed. (2017),
869:
113:
57:), from 1964 to 2001, it was an
4771:Intergovernmental organizations
1643:"Merger of OneWeb and Intelsat"
1601:Veronica Magan (10 May 2013).
408:, having built 47 spacecraft (
1:
4716:2013 initial public offerings
1817:. Bloomberg News. 14 May 2020
806:International Launch Services
4637:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
4361:Very-small-aperture terminal
4154:Telecommunication portal
3935:Telecommunications equipment
1791:Henry, Caleb (14 May 2020).
1499:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1372:. Vernon Press. p. 29.
310:intergovernmental consortium
210:US$ 526.1 million (Q3, 2021)
59:intergovernmental consortium
4413:Digital audio radio service
4321:Motor-driven Satellite dish
3671:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2252:List of Intelsat satellites
2064:. SpaceNews. Archived from
2028:. SpaceNews. Archived from
1995:. SpaceNews. Archived from
1572:. SpaceDaily. 20 June 2007.
1343:(45): 53–68. Archived from
1291:(45): 45–52. Archived from
766:List of Intelsat satellites
750:Mission Extension Vehicle 1
4807:
3375:Telecommunications history
1074:"Global Satellite Network"
855:in the 1990s and a single
832:rockets launched from the
763:
703:
587:reincorporated in Delaware
566:Intelsat S.A. (Luxembourg)
4666:
4468:Relay satellite companies
4265:High-throughput satellite
4250:Satellite Internet access
4142:
3983:Public Switched Telephone
3795:telecommunication circuit
3756:Fiber-optic communication
3501:Francis Blake (telephone)
3296:Optical telecommunication
2222:
2113:"Intelsat Infrastructure"
1493:Wilson, Kevin G. (2000).
1158:www.militaryaerospace.com
962:10.1017/9781316570463.006
533:Madison Dearborn Partners
314:communications satellites
285:An Intelsat-IVA satellite
112:
103:
63:communications satellites
4226:Satellite communications
3894:Orbital angular-momentum
3331:Satellite communications
3170:Communications satellite
1406:. NASA. 10 February 2021
1279:Leive, David M. (1981).
816:rockets manufactured by
752:(MEV 1) docked with the
728:communication satellites
545:Apollo Global Management
4726:Apax Partners companies
4574:Satellite manufacturers
3773:Molecular communication
3596:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3425:Undersea telegraph line
3160:Cable protection system
1588:The Wall Street Journal
1404:"Intelsat 20 2012-043A"
1331:Menter, Martin (1981).
572:initial public offering
547:. The company acquired
193:Anthony (Toby) O'Brien
139:Satellite communication
3915:Communication protocol
3701:Charles Sumner Tainter
3516:Walter Houser Brattain
3461:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3269:Information revolution
2175:Satellite Coverage Map
935:"Locations | Intelsat"
524:
330:; 60 years ago
286:
278:
150:; 60 years ago
3889:Polarization-division
3621:Narinder Singh Kapany
3586:Erna Schneider Hoover
3506:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3486:Alexander Graham Bell
3217:online video platform
1550:. Gunter's Space Page
1427:"Camelot on the Moon"
844:for one of the first
836:floating platform in
737:The plan is that the
626:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
624:Intelsat filed for a
515:
474:. In March 2001, the
284:
273:
84:38.94167°N 77.06361°W
4240:Satellite television
3731:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3691:Almon Brown Strowger
3661:Charles Grafton Page
3316:Prepaid mobile phone
3244:Electrical telegraph
2216:Intelsat Corporation
1757:"Intelsat Teleports"
1743:"Intelsat's New NOC"
1621:www.swfinstitute.org
1337:Journal of Space Law
1285:Journal of Space Law
488:New Skies Satellites
148:August 20, 1964
4625:Trade organizations
4616:Thales Alenia Space
4429:Astra Digital Radio
4422:Broadcast companies
4351:Satellite data unit
3681:Johann Philipp Reis
3440:Wireless revolution
3402:The Telephone Cases
3259:Hydraulic telegraph
2903:(Intelsat Americas)
1108:. 17 September 2020
989:The Washington Post
720:geostationary orbit
716:satellite-servicing
505:(known formerly as
503:Intelsat Americas-7
406:Space Systems/Loral
352:geostationary orbit
216:Number of employees
100:
89:38.94167; -77.06361
80: /
4444:Sirius XM Holdings
4335:Parabolic antennas
3879:Frequency-division
3856:Telephone exchange
3726:Charles Wheatstone
3656:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3631:Innocenzo Manzetti
3566:Reginald Fessenden
3301:Optical telegraphy
3134:Telecommunications
2138:on 1 February 2013
2101:. Spaceflight Now.
1944:. 1 September 2020
1918:. 24 February 2022
1892:. 25 February 2022
1767:on 16 January 2019
1731:on 22 August 2014.
1605:. Satellite Today.
1527:on 27 October 2005
1223:The New York Times
877:Spaceflight portal
804:launchers, and by
796:with the European
683:Acquisition by SES
614:Ellenwood, Georgia
585:In 2015, Intelsat
525:
368:foreign ministries
287:
279:
184:David C. Wajsgras
4698:
4697:
4255:Amateur satellite
4192:
4191:
3930:Store and forward
3925:Data transmission
3839:Network switching
3790:Transmission line
3636:Guglielmo Marconi
3601:Internet pioneers
3466:Mohamed M. Atalla
3435:Whistled language
3100:
3099:
2831:
2232:Intelsat Americas
2068:on 5 January 2013
1705:. 3 December 2012
1546:Krebs, Gunter D.
1506:978-0-8476-9825-7
1460:on 10 August 2007
1379:978-1-62273-264-7
1320:. United Nations.
1257:. United Nations.
1160:. 11 January 2021
1134:. 12 January 2022
971:978-1-107-14976-2
905:Intelsat Americas
777:Intelsat Americas
743:apogee kick motor
633:spectrum auctions
441:Commercialization
350:), was placed in
245:
244:
190:since April 2022)
16:(Redirected from
4798:
4686:
4685:
4674:
4673:
4601:Northrop Grumman
4280:Carriage dispute
4219:
4212:
4205:
4196:
4182:
4181:
4172:
4171:
4162:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4023:Notable networks
4013:Wireless network
3953:Cellular network
3945:Types of network
3920:Computer network
3807:Network topology
3721:Thomas A. Watson
3576:Oliver Heaviside
3561:Philo Farnsworth
3536:Daniel Davis Jr.
3511:Charles Bourseul
3471:John Logie Baird
3180:Data compression
3175:Computer network
3127:
3120:
3113:
3104:
2829:
2303:Intelsat III F-1
2209:
2202:
2195:
2186:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2163:Official website
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2075:
2073:
2057:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2032:on 21 March 2012
2021:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2004:
1988:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1788:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1763:. Archived from
1753:
1747:
1746:
1745:. December 2016.
1739:
1733:
1732:
1727:. Archived from
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1590:. 18 April 2013.
1580:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1523:. Archived from
1517:
1511:
1510:
1490:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1276:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1044:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1013:
1007:
1006:
999:
993:
992:
981:
975:
974:
945:
939:
938:
931:
879:
874:
873:
872:
859:launch in 2009.
610:Tysons, Virginia
522:Washington, D.C.
412:) by that time.
338:
336:
331:
241:
236:
233:
231:
201:
196:
191:
168:McLean, Virginia
158:
156:
151:
117:
108:
101:
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:
85:
81:
78:
77:
76:
73:
43:Tysons, Virginia
21:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4662:
4641:
4620:
4596:Lockheed Martin
4569:
4475:AST SpaceMobile
4463:
4417:
4371:Satellite radio
4365:
4346:Satellite modem
4341:Satellite phone
4326:Multi-satellite
4284:
4270:Relay satellite
4245:Satellite radio
4228:
4223:
4193:
4188:
4148:
4146:
4138:
4080:
4017:
3939:
3903:
3860:
3809:
3801:
3742:
3735:
3641:Robert Metcalfe
3496:Tim Berners-Lee
3444:
3264:Information Age
3136:
3131:
3101:
3096:
3044:
2902:
2894:
2750:Recent Intelsat
2745:
2674:
2548:
2510:
2423:
2354:Intelsat IV F-1
2342:
2283:Intelsat II F-1
2256:
2218:
2213:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2082:orbital-cleanup
2071:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2035:
2033:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2002:
2000:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1670:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1278:
1277:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1180:"Annual Report"
1178:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1054:. 30 April 2024
1046:
1045:
1038:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1010:
1001:
1000:
996:
983:
982:
978:
972:
947:
946:
942:
933:
932:
928:
923:
875:
870:
868:
865:
849:launch vehicles
789:
787:Launch vehicles
773:
768:
762:
712:MDA Corporation
708:
702:
685:
676:
663:
643:C-Band Alliance
622:
606:
568:
496:
484:U.S. government
443:
335:August 20, 1964
334:
332:
329:
326:
298:John F. Kennedy
290:John F. Kennedy
268:
228:
217:
202:
199:
198:Michelle Bryan
197:
194:
192:
185:
181:
174:
170:
154:
152:
149:
120:
88:
86:
82:
79:
74:
71:
69:
67:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4804:
4802:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4703:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4680:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4331:Satellite dish
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4260:Ground station
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4166:
4156:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Space-division
3870:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3711:Camille Tissot
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Claude Shannon
3683:
3678:
3676:Tivadar Puskás
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:Antonio Meucci
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3616:Charles K. Kao
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Harold Hopkins
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Emile Berliner
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3430:Videotelephony
3427:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3405:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3326:Radiotelephone
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3212:Internet video
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3115:
3107:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
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2435:Intelsat V F-1
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2155:External links
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2130:Jeffrey Hill.
2122:
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2016:
1999:on 24 May 2012
1983:
1969:
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1874:. 13 May 2020.
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1666:Bloomberg News
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1347:on 1 June 2012
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1295:on 1 June 2012
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828:offering with
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704:Main article:
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554:In June 2007,
529:private equity
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360:Delta D rocket
356:Atlantic Ocean
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4301:Monoblock LNB
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3899:Code-division
3897:
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3884:Time-division
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3810:and switching
3808:
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3761:optical fiber
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3751:Coaxial cable
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3666:Radia Perlman
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3556:Lee de Forest
3554:
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3551:Thomas Edison
3549:
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3541:Donald Davies
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3370:Smoke signals
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3348:Semiconductor
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2553:Intelsat 7-10
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838:Pacific Ocean
835:
834:Ocean Odyssey
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580:EpicNG 702 MP
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4509:
4439:Dish Network
3866:Multiplexing
3741:Transmission
3706:Nikola Tesla
3696:Henry Sutton
3651:Samuel Morse
3581:Robert Hooke
3546:Amos Dolbear
3481:John Bardeen
3400:
3380:Telautograph
3284:Mobile phone
3239:Edholm's law
3222:social media
3155:Broadcasting
2560:Intelsat 701
2524:Intelsat 601
2215:
2140:. Retrieved
2136:the original
2125:
2117:Intelsat.com
2116:
2107:
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900:Intelsat 708
846:Falcon Heavy
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220:1,790 (2021)
163:Headquarters
125:Company type
54:
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30:
29:
18:Intelsat 32e
4525:SED Systems
4459:1worldspace
4275:Transponder
4066:NPL network
3778:Radio waves
3716:Alfred Vail
3626:Hedy Lamarr
3611:Dawon Kahng
3571:Elisha Gray
3531:Yogen Dalal
3456:Nasir Ahmed
3390:Teleprinter
3254:Heliographs
3076:Horizons-3e
2757:Intelsat 14
2686:Intelsat 1R
2679:ex-PanAmSat
2516:Intelsat VI
2347:Intelsat IV
2119:. Intelsat.
1890:GovCon Wire
1856:23 February
1852:. SpaceNews
1795:. SpaceNews
1691:. Intelsat.
1669:. June 2017
1480:"ORBIT Act"
1351:5 September
1299:5 September
1154:"StackPath"
1052:www.ses.com
1005:. Intelsat.
808:(ILS) with
794:Arianespace
724:Catching up
714:spacecraft
556:BC Partners
516:The former
478:passed the
410:Intelsat 20
346:(nicknamed
300:signed the
274:INTELSAT I
87: /
4705:Categories
4490:Globalstar
4112:Antarctica
4071:Toasternet
3993:Television
3476:Paul Baran
3408:Television
3392:(teletype)
3385:Telegraphy
3363:transistor
3341:Phryctoria
3311:Photophone
3289:Smartphone
3279:Mass media
3081:Intelsat K
3071:Horizons-2
3066:Horizons-1
2830:(New Dawn)
2428:Intelsat V
2278:Intelsat I
2262:Intelsat I
1771:16 January
1709:3 December
1626:7 November
1554:4 December
1236:7 November
921:References
826:Sea Launch
818:Khrunichev
764:See also:
760:Satellites
739:fuel-depot
620:Bankruptcy
604:Operations
456:Globalstar
354:above the
348:Early Bird
344:Intelsat I
318:Luxembourg
276:Early Bird
180:Key people
155:1964-08-20
75:77°03′49″W
72:38°56′30″N
39:Luxembourg
4296:SAT>IP
4096:Americas
4085:Locations
4056:Internet2
3817:Bandwidth
3521:Vint Cerf
3418:streaming
3396:Telephone
3336:Semaphore
3227:streaming
2910:Galaxy 3C
2084:missions.
1942:SpaceNews
1531:17 August
1231:0362-4331
1106:SpaceNews
830:Zenit-3SL
647:regulator
507:Telstar 7
418:Apollo 11
232:.intelsat
35:satellite
4711:Intelsat
4677:Category
4545:Starlink
4540:Star One
4510:Intelsat
4505:Inmarsat
4495:Hispasat
4485:Eutelsat
4480:EchoStar
4356:Spacebus
4289:Hardware
4164:Category
4051:Internet
4041:CYCLADES
3958:Ethernet
3908:Concepts
3832:terminal
3783:wireless
3606:Bob Kahn
3449:Pioneers
3274:Internet
3165:Cable TV
2237:PanAmSat
2072:14 March
2036:20 March
2003:15 March
1948:8 August
1922:8 August
1896:8 August
1761:Intelsat
1410:29 March
1164:8 August
1138:8 August
1112:8 August
1083:8 August
1078:Intelsat
1058:30 April
895:Inmarsat
890:Eutelsat
863:See also
853:Atlas II
814:Proton-M
810:Proton-K
802:Ariane 5
798:Ariane 4
781:PanAmSat
771:Renaming
596:-backed
594:Softbank
549:PanAmSat
472:Inmarsat
448:PanAmSat
427:moonwalk
135:Industry
55:Intelsat
4689:Commons
4560:Turksat
4550:Telesat
4520:Iridium
4454:Allente
4434:DirecTV
4408:ISDB-S3
4403:DVB-S2X
4393:DVB-RCS
4184:Commons
4174:Outline
4127:Oceania
4046:FidoNet
4031:ARPANET
3844:circuit
3413:digital
3142:History
3086:Marisat
2506:VA F-15
2501:VA F-14
2496:VA F-13
2491:VA F-12
2486:VA F-11
2481:VA F-10
2419:IVA F-6
2414:IVA F-5
2409:IVA F-4
2404:IVA F-3
2399:IVA F-2
2394:IVA F-1
2338:III F-8
2333:III F-7
2328:III F-6
2323:III F-5
2318:III F-4
2313:III F-3
2308:III F-2
1647:Reuters
857:Atlas V
734:life".
541:Permira
531:firms:
452:Iridium
391:assets.
376:federal
333: (
266:History
225:Website
207:Revenue
153: (
145:Founded
129:Private
4606:SpaceX
4586:Boeing
4581:Airbus
4565:Viasat
4555:Tooway
4500:Hughes
4449:Sky UK
4398:DVB-S2
4383:DVB-SH
4306:DiSEqC
4122:Europe
4092:Africa
4076:Usenet
4036:BITNET
3973:Mobile
3849:packet
3358:MOSFET
3353:device
3150:Beacon
2900:Galaxy
2389:IV F-8
2384:IV F-7
2379:IV F-6
2374:IV F-5
2369:IV F-4
2364:IV F-3
2359:IV F-2
2298:II F-4
2293:II F-3
2288:II F-2
2247:STS-49
2227:COMSAT
2142:3 June
1821:14 May
1799:15 May
1673:5 June
1503:
1401::
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968:
885:COMSAT
842:SpaceX
822:Russia
649:, the
598:OneWeb
577:Boeing
468:COMSAT
429:, the
4646:Lists
4591:INVAP
4388:S-DMB
4311:USALS
4105:South
4100:North
4061:JANET
3998:Telex
3988:Radio
3827:Nodes
3822:Links
3743:media
3321:Radio
3306:Pager
3234:Drums
3200:video
3195:image
3185:audio
3092:SBS 6
3061:APR-2
3056:APR-1
3049:Other
2670:10-02
2475:V F-9
2470:V F-8
2465:V F-7
2460:V F-6
2455:V F-5
2450:V F-4
2445:V F-3
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1458:(PDF)
1451:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1255:(PDF)
560:euros
387:vote.
358:by a
195:(CFO)
53:, or
4117:Asia
4003:UUCP
3963:ISDN
2242:ITSO
2144:2012
2074:2011
2038:2011
2005:2011
1950:2022
1924:2022
1898:2022
1858:2020
1823:2020
1801:2020
1773:2019
1711:2022
1675:2017
1628:2022
1556:2022
1533:2005
1501:ISBN
1466:2006
1434:2006
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1374:ISBN
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1301:2018
1238:2022
1227:ISSN
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966:ISBN
812:and
800:and
779:and
543:and
431:Moon
423:NASA
234:.com
51:ITSO
4611:SSL
4530:SES
4008:WAN
3978:NGN
3968:LAN
3249:Fax
3190:DCT
3088:-F2
2930:10R
2890:40e
2875:37e
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958:doi
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460:TRW
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230:www
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