172:, while agreeing that these terms are "often used interchangeably", suggests that, "while an interior monologue may mirror all the half-thoughts, impressions, and associations that impinge upon the character's consciousness, it may also be restricted to an organized presentation of that character's rational thoughts".
186:
clattering the brains out of itself let me see if I can doze off 1 2 3 4 5 what kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars the wallpaper in
Lombard street was much nicer the apron he gave me was like that something only I only wore it twice better lower this lamp and try again so that I can get up early
165:'directly', without the apparent intervention of a summarizing and selecting narrator, it does not necessarily mingle them with impressions and perceptions, nor does it necessarily violate the norms of grammar, or logic â but the streamâofâconsciousness technique also does one or both of these things."
164:
suggests that "they can also be distinguished psychologically and literarily. In a psychological sense, stream of consciousness is the subject matter, while interior monologue is the technique for presenting it". And for literature, "while an interior monologue always presents a character's thoughts
185:
a quarter after what an unearthly hour I suppose theyre just getting up in China now combing out their pigtails for the day well soon have the nuns ringing the angelus theyve nobody coming in to spoil their sleep except an odd priest or two for his night office the alarmclock next door at cockshout
109:"consciousness, then, does not appear to itself as chopped up in bits ... it is nothing joined; it flows. A 'river' or a 'stream' are the metaphors by which it is most naturally described. In talking of it hereafter, let's call it the stream of thought, consciousness, or subjective life"
526:(1939), Joyce's method of stream of consciousness, literary allusions and free dream associations was pushed to the limit, abandoning all conventions of plot and character construction, and the book is written in a peculiar and obscure English, based mainly on complex multi-level puns.
159:
Stream of consciousness is a literary method of representing the flow of a character's thoughts and sense impressions "usually in an unpunctuated or disjointed form of interior monologue." While many sources use the terms stream of consciousness and interior monologue as synonyms, the
59:
which is disjointed or has irregular punctuation. The term was first used in 1855 and was first applied to a literary technique in 1918. While critics have pointed to various literary precursors, it was not until the 20th century that this technique was fully developed by
515:
represents a major example of the use of stream of consciousness, Joyce also uses "authorial description" and Free
Indirect Style to register Bloom's inner thoughts. Furthermore, the novel does not focus solely on interior experiences: "Bloom is constantly shown
331:
is also considered a pioneer work. It has been claimed that Hamsun was way ahead of his time with the use of stream of consciousness in two chapters in particular of this novel. British author Robert
Ferguson said: "Thereâs a lot of dreamlike aspects of
98:, when he wrote, "The concurrence of Sensations in one common stream of consciousnessâon the same cerebral highwayâenables those of different senses to be associated as readily as the sensations of the same sense". But the term is commonly credited to
379:), but Robert Humphrey comments that Proust "is concerned only with the reminiscent aspect of consciousness" and that he "was deliberately recapturing the past to communicate; hence he did not write a stream-of-consciousness novel". Novelist
775:, one critic comments that "ll Rushdie's novels follow an Indian/Islamic storytelling style, a stream-of-consciousness narrative told by a loquacious young Indian man". Other writers who use this narrative device include
383:
also argues that Proust did not use stream of consciousness: "while we are told what the hero thinks or what Swann thinks we are told this rather by the author than either by the 'I' of the story or by
Charles Swann."
495:. Although he did not pursue the idea further at the time, he eventually commenced work on a novel using both the title and basic premise in 1914. The writing was completed in October 1921. Serial publication of
200:
While the use of the narrative technique of stream of consciousness is usually associated with modernist novelists in the first part of the twentieth century, several precursors have been suggested, including
652:, "both in its concentration almost entirely within a single day of Firmin's life ... and in the range of interior monologues and stream of consciousness employed to represent the minds of characters".
1699:
83:
Stream of consciousness narratives continue to be used in modern prose and the term has been adopted to describe similar techniques in other art forms such as poetry, songwriting and film.
1765:
336:. In that book ... it is ... two chapters, where he invents stream of consciousness writing, in the early 1890s. This was long before Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf and James Joyce".
742:, with the BBC stating, " Gilliam's unique animation style became crucial, segueing seamlessly between any two completely unrelated ideas and making the stream-of-consciousness work".
224:(1823) also used an early form of this writing style, characterized by long sentences with multiple qualifiers and expressions of anxiety from the narrator. Prior to the 19th century,
601:(1929). However, Randell Stevenson suggests that "interior monologue, rather than stream of consciousness, is the appropriate term for the style in which is recorded, both in
820:(2000), according to one reviewer, "talks much as he writes â a forceful stream of consciousness, thoughts sprouting in all directions". Novelist John Banville describes
286:, also abandons strict linear time to record the internal consciousness of the protagonist. Because of his renunciation of chronology in favor of free association,
2597:
1745:
357:(1862â1931), in his short story '"Leutnant Gustl" ("None but the Brave", 1900), was the first to make full use of the stream of consciousness technique.
1779:
1229:
55:
or method that attempts "to depict the multitudinous thoughts and feelings which pass through the mind" of a narrator. It is usually in the form of an
816:
545:
of an urban man, stricken with feelings of isolation and an incapability for decisive action," a work probably influenced by the narrative poetry of
2926:
255:, told by an unnamed narrator who endeavours to convince the reader of his sanity while describing a murder he committed, and it is often read as a
35:
465:
2609:
1506:
1366:
520:
all round; from inside as well as out; from a variety of points of view which range from the objective to the subjective". In his final work
942:
729:
warns readers to "e prepared for streams of consciousness in which not only identity but time and space no longer confine the narrative".
1938:
538:
323:(1892) as offering glimpses of the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative technique at the end of the nineteenth century. While
1545:
Freedom and
Commitment in Jean-Paul Sartre's "Les Chemins de la LibertĂ©", Masters Thesis, University of Canterbury. 1975. pp. 48â9.
142:
3012:
2592:
1900:
1285:
550:
279:
1808:
371:
738:
1822:
1428:
1117:
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445:, is the first complete stream-of-consciousness novel published in English. However, in 1934, Richardson commented that "
3190:
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104:
91:
877:
441:
369:
is often presented as an early example of a writer using the stream of consciousness technique in his novel sequence
292:
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3039:
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844:
767:
473:, and references to a character's psychic reality rather than to his external surroundings. Joyce began writing
3238:
3212:
2407:
786:
463:
was another pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness. Some hints of this technique are already present in
1237:
3002:
2862:
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1931:
628:
624:
479:
300:"picked up a copy of Dujardin's novel ... in Paris in 1903" and "acknowledged a certain borrowing from it".
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932:
803:
684:
313:
904:
1809:"'Anonymous Club' Review: Courtney Barnett Doc Sensitively Captures the Loneliness of the Solo Singer"
1174:
Khanom, Afruza. "Silence as
Literary Device in Ambrose Bierce's 'The Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge.'
1046:
3093:
2916:
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2255:
2139:
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927:
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346:(1881). It has been suggested that he influenced later stream-of-consciousness writers, including
263:, "when the occasion requires it ... applies Modernist stream of consciousness technique" in both
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3143:
3083:
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342:
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136:
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44:
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1998:
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380:
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It was not until the twentieth century that this technique was fully developed by modernists.
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2008:
1983:
1955:
1711:
895:
869:
693:
592:
237:
457:, and D.R. ... were all using 'the new method', though very differently, simultaneously".
155:(first edition, 1922), considered a prime example of stream of consciousness writing styles
3148:
3098:
3088:
2955:
2911:
2894:
2802:
2145:
2072:
2057:
2003:
1262:
Interview with Robert
Ferguson in the second episode of the documentary television series
899:
849:
616:
546:
497:
244:
233:
210:
202:
177:
151:
251:" (1843) foreshadows this literary technique in the nineteenth century. Poe's story is a
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3115:
2901:
2889:
2757:
2728:
2480:
2318:
2235:
2220:
1978:
952:
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826:
772:
761:
663:
655:
620:
576:
522:
454:
436:
347:
283:
77:
52:
327:
is widely seen as a classic of world literature and a groundbreaking modernist novel,
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2742:
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2400:
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2013:
1993:
1973:
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1731:
1547:
http://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10092/8590/marshall_thesis.pdf?sequence=1
1530:
Karine
Germoni, "From Joyce to Beckett: The Beckettian Dramatic Interior Monologue".
639:
612:
488:
431:
366:
304:
271:
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229:
99:
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120:
31:
487:, considered adding another story featuring a Jewish advertising canvasser called
17:
1356:
1146:"Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore â The Life and Writings of Edgar Allan Poe"
996:
127:. Richardson, however, described the term as a "lamentably ill-chosen metaphor".
3207:
3173:
3168:
2777:
2767:
2713:
2691:
2525:
2412:
2225:
2210:
2181:
2134:
2077:
2052:
2040:
876:'s song "A Life in the Day of Benjamin André (Incomplete)" off their 2003 album
811:
714:
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534:
460:
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337:
308:
297:
260:
146:
69:
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2215:
1963:
1715:
1388:, ed. Gloria G. Fromm Athens, Georgia, University of Georgia Press, 1995, 282.
30:
This article is about the literary device. For the pre-writing technique, see
1795:"[Adam Bradley] Book of Rhymes the Poetics of Hip Hop Kindle Edition"
3017:
2984:
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1988:
1968:
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61:
56:
2129:
1723:
561:
Prominent uses in the years that followed the publication of James Joyce's
1855:
Transparent Minds: Narrative Modes for
Presenting Consciousness in Fiction
888:
Some filmmakers use the narrative technique. For example, the documentary
340:
has also been suggested as a significant precursor, in a work as early as
141:
123:, in relation to the early volumes of Dorothy Richardson's novel sequence
3185:
2992:
2676:
2644:
2556:
2551:
2430:
2375:
2308:
2265:
2030:
2019:
350:, who not only read some of his novels but also wrote essays about them.
1766:"Sun Kil Moon's new album shows us the limit of stream-of-consciousness"
810:
Stream of consciousness continues to appear in contemporary literature.
3120:
2884:
2752:
2708:
2703:
2633:
2455:
2445:
2260:
2082:
873:
750:
175:
In the following example of stream of consciousness from James Joyce's
1780:"City Lights: Down Under Indie Darling Courtney Barnett is Looking up"
1453:
749:'s novels are known for mixing stream of consciousness narrative with
3124:
2874:
2659:
2435:
2342:
2101:
1230:"Martin HumpĂĄl: Hamsun's modernism â Hamsunsenteret â Hamsunsenteret"
861:
709:
The technique continued to be used into the 1970s in a novel such as
477:
in 1907 and it was first serialised in the
English literary magazine
446:
1794:
1074:. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984), p. 661; see also Robert Humphrey,
1746:"Review: Sun Kil Moon's 'Common' is a Stream-of-Consciousness Epic"
1332:(Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California, 1954), p. 4.
3131:
2698:
2649:
2627:
2380:
2365:
1145:
140:
1443:(7th edition). (Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 1996), p. 272.
1303:
A Writer's Diary: Being Extracts from the Diary of Virginia Woolf
736:
produced an innovative stream-of-consciousness for their TV show
2869:
2664:
2025:
1823:"Ultimate Guide to Terrence Malick and His Directing Techniques"
1686:
The Life of Polycrates and Other Stories for Antiquated Children
838:
The twenty-first century brought further exploration, including
1920:
1176:
Teaching American Literature: A Journal of Theory and Practice.
1214:
James Wood. "Addicted to Unpredictability." 26 November 1998.
1165:, edited Donna Tussing Orwin. Cambridge University Press, 2002
1094:. Bainbridge, New York: York MailâPrint, Inc. p. xxxiv.
1078:(1954). University of California Press, 1972, fn. 13, p. 127.
1011:. (Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky, 1992), p. 39.
1916:
1386:
Windows of Modernism: Selected Letters of Dorothy Richardson
1088:
Bain, Robert (1971). "Introduction". In Bain, Robert (ed.).
830:(1999), as written in "a fevered stream of consciousness".
1408:
A Reader's Guide to the Twentieth-Century Novel in Britain
483:
in 1914 and 1915. Earlier in 1906, Joyce, when working on
1632:
Sarah Keating, "Tales from the Other Side of the Track".
1191:. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1992, p. 227, fn 14.
1051:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 24 Sep. 2012.
848:(2002) and many of the short stories of American author
1700:"Participating in a musician's stream of consciousness"
1049:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online
860:
Stream of consciousness technique is also used in song
700:
trilogy of novels, most prominently in the second book
1895:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 119.
1102:. Facsimile reproduction of 1823 Baltimore edition by
987:
ed. Chris Baldick, Oxford: Oxford U.P., 2009, p. 212.
771:(1994) and many of his short stories. With regard to
115:
The term was first applied in a literary context in
3076:
3048:
2983:
2727:
2618:
2516:
2421:
2356:
2279:
2091:
1954:
1862:
Stream of Consciousness: A Study in Literary Method
1483:. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1992, p. 55;
1306:. Harcourt. pp. 33, 39â40, 58, 86, 215, 301, 351.
1061:Joyce p. 642 (Bodley Head edition (1960), p. 930).
1033:May Sinclair, 'The Novels of Dorothy Richardson',
975:. (Harmondsworth, Penguin Books,1984), pp. 660â1).
423:T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"
396:Let us go, through certain half-deserted streets,
1881:Sachs, Oliver. "In the River of Consciousness."
1837:"'You Won't be Alone' review: Waking the Witch"
1593:Giles Harvey, "Minds Are The Strangest Thing".
387:
296:(1887) is also an important precursor. Indeed,
1645:"The agony and the irony", Stephanie Merritt.
1499:Mrs Dalloway: Mapping Streams of Consciousness
732:Although loosely structured as a sketch show,
607:and in Woolf's writing generally." Throughout
392:When the evening is spread out against the sky
94:used the term in 1855 in the first edition of
1932:
8:
1410:. University of Kentucky Press, 1993, p. 41.
1381:In a letter to the bookseller and publisher
1007:(I, pp.239â43) quoted in Randall Stevenson,
400:Of restless nights in one-night cheap hotels
1869:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
1658:"Amulet by Roberto Bolaño", John Banville.
1330:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
1257:
1255:
1076:Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel
898:is narrated using stream-of-consciousness.
872:use it in their songs. An early example is
408:To lead you to an overwhelming question ...
404:Streets that follow like a tedious argument
402:And sawdust restaurants with oyster-shells:
307:'s short stories and plays (1881â1904) and
1939:
1925:
1917:
1878:. Lexington: University of Kentucky, 1992.
439:of 13 semi-autobiographical novels titled
1423:(New York: HarperCollins, 1992), 265â66.
1280:. New York: Harcourt Brace. p. 299.
1037:, Vol. 5, No. 4, (April 1908), pp. 57â58.
817:A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius
1458:, Vol. 67, No. 3 (Autumn, 1990), p. 395.
1204:. Vol.22, no. 11, 1 June 2000, pp. 36â7.
36:Stream of consciousness (disambiguation)
964:
466:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
435:(1915), the first work in Richardson's
2610:Types of fiction with multiple endings
1671:"A nine-year-old and 9/11", Tim Adams
1345:, New York: Simon and Schuster, p. 498
1317:"stream of consciousness â literature"
1109:
611:, Woolf blurs the distinction between
394:Like a patient etherized upon a table;
353:However, it has also been argued that
282:" (1890), by another American author,
1623:, Vol. 65, No. 2, Jun. 1993, p. 381.
1419:McCoy, Kathleen, and Harlan, Judith.
511:was finally published in 1922. While
7:
1611:(Westport: Greenwood, 2001), p. 384.
1609:Encyclopedia of Postcolonial Studies
1561:, issue 17 (August 1976), pp. 26â27.
1358:The Pilgrimage of Dorothy Richardson
1132:"The Tell-Tale Heart â story by Poe"
983:
981:
943:Stream of consciousness (psychology)
529:Another early example is the use of
1485:Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
1469:Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
902:'s films use it as well. 2022 film
539:The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
162:Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms
27:Narrative device used in literature
1876:Modernist Fiction: An Introduction
1163:The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy
1009:Modernist Fiction: An Introduction
997:London: J. W. Parker, 1855, p.359.
415:In the room, the women come and go
25:
3013:Third-person omniscient narrative
1501:. Twayne Publishers. p. 46.
1264:Guddommelig galskap â Knut Hamsun
551:Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister
280:An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
1534:, Spring 2004, Vol. 13, issue 2.
1439:William Harmon & C. Holman,
1178:Spring 6.1 (2013): 45â52. Print.
658:, a friend of James Joyce, uses
243:It has also been suggested that
236:, discussed the concept of the "
1892:Comparative Criticism, Volume 4
2401:Conflict between good and evil
1572:"Monty Python's Flying Circus"
1072:A Dictionary of Literary Terms
973:A Dictionary of Literary Terms
696:employed the technique in his
170:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online
1:
1704:Behavioral and Brain Sciences
1662:, Saturday 12 September 2009.
1521:Randall Stevenson, pp. 89â90.
753:vernacular. Examples include
412:Let us go and make our visit.
410:Oh, do not ask, "What is it?"
372:Ă la recherche du temps perdu
1421:English Literature From 1785
1278:A Glossary of Literary Terms
739:Monty Python's Flying Circus
259:. George R. Clay notes that
105:The Principles of Psychology
96:The Senses and the Intellect
1361:. Univ of Wisconsin Press.
878:Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
102:who used it in 1890 in his
3260:
1532:Journal of Beckett Studies
1116:: CS1 maint: postscript (
390:Let us go then, you and I,
134:
29:
3040:Stream of unconsciousness
2571:Falling action/Catastasis
1716:10.1017/S0140525X19002759
1200:James Wood, "Ramblings".
1024:, 56, March 1948, p. 189.
845:Everything is Illuminated
795:Immortality in the pocket
768:How Late It Was, How Late
723:(1975), concerning which
619:, freely alternating her
417:Talking of Michelangelo.
2408:Self-fulfilling prophecy
1883:New York Review of Books
1698:Vickhoff, Björn (2020).
1441:A Handbook to Literature
692:" (1957). French writer
688:). and the short story "
293:Les Lauriers sont coupés
3035:Stream of consciousness
2498:Suspension of disbelief
1497:Dowling, David (1991).
1355:Joanne Winning (2000).
1343:Enjoyment of Literature
361:Early twentieth century
49:stream of consciousness
2576:Denouement/Catastrophe
2557:Rising action/Epitasis
1889:Shaffer, E.S. (1984).
1276:Abrams, M. H. (1999).
1216:London Review of Books
1202:London Review of Books
1047:"interior monologue."
864:. Songwriters such as
756:The Busconductor Hines
690:From an Abandoned Work
625:omniscient description
598:The Sound and the Fury
420:
398:The muttering retreats
377:In Search of Lost Time
253:first person narrative
188:
156:
34:. For other uses, see
2922:Utopian and dystopian
1649:, Sunday 14 May 2000.
1106:, two volumes in one.
933:Psychological fiction
507:began in March 1918.
183:
181:, Molly seeks sleep:
144:
3244:Narrative techniques
2476:Narrative techniques
2256:Story within a story
2068:Supporting character
1874:Randell, Stevenson.
1688:. Chomu Press, 2010.
1675:, Sunday 29 May 2005
928:Modernist literature
918:Free indirect speech
840:Jonathan Safran Foer
834:Twenty-first century
572:La coscienza di Zeno
3181:Political narrative
3023:Unreliable narrator
2880:Speculative fiction
2588:Nonlinear narrative
2536:Three-act structure
2396:Deal with the Devil
1825:. 2 September 2022.
1621:American Literature
1406:Randell Stevenson.
1187:Randell StevensonJ
711:Robert Anton Wilson
469:(1916), along with
406:Of insidious intent
249:The Tell-Tale Heart
228:philosophers, like
207:psychological novel
3159:Narrative paradigm
3154:Narrative identity
3084:Dominant narrative
3030:Multiple narrators
2314:Fictional location
2157:Dramatic structure
1885:, 15 January 2004.
1867:Humphrey, Robert.
1860:Friedman, Melvin.
1793:Okeke, Ikechukwu.
1782:. 31 January 2022.
1300:Woolf (March 2003)
1240:on 8 February 2018
1218:. 8 November 2008
905:You Won't Be Alone
787:Soviet underground
660:interior monologue
632:interior monologue
543:dramatic monologue
531:interior monologue
471:interior monologue
343:Portrait of a Lady
278:The short story, "
257:dramatic monologue
196:Beginnings to 1900
157:
137:Internal monologue
74:Dorothy Richardson
57:interior monologue
45:literary criticism
18:Interior monologue
3221:
3220:
3164:Narrative therapy
2598:television series
2543:Freytag's Pyramid
2386:Moral development
2289:Alternate history
1999:False protagonist
1684:Brendan Connell,
1559:The Fortean Times
1543:Marshall, T. E.
1508:978-0-8057-9414-4
1481:Modernist Fiction
1368:978-0-299-17034-9
1234:hamsunsenteret.no
1189:Modernist Fiction
894:about songwriter
884:Dialogue in films
726:The Fortean Times
648:(1947) resembles
645:Under the Volcano
621:mode of narration
588:To the Lighthouse
504:The Little Review
381:John Cowper Powys
355:Arthur Schnitzler
119:, April 1918, by
16:(Redirected from
3251:
3234:1850s neologisms
3144:Literary science
2687:Narrative poetry
2583:Linear narrative
2493:Stylistic device
2488:Show, don't tell
2451:Figure of speech
2241:Shaggy dog story
1984:Characterization
1941:
1934:
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1607:John C. Hawley,
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1307:
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1292:
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1259:
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1247:
1245:
1236:. Archived from
1226:
1220:
1211:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1153:
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1128:
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1115:
1107:
1085:
1079:
1068:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1044:
1038:
1031:
1025:
1022:Life and Letters
1018:
1012:
1005:
999:
994:
988:
985:
976:
969:
896:Courtney Barnett
870:Courtney Barnett
745:Scottish writer
698:Roads to Freedom
694:Jean-Paul Sartre
593:William Faulkner
501:in the magazine
491:under the title
426:
288:Ădouard Dujardin
247:'s short story "
238:train of thought
64:writers such as
21:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3239:Style (fiction)
3224:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3149:Literary theory
3089:Fiction writing
3072:
3044:
2979:
2731:
2723:
2614:
2512:
2417:
2352:
2275:
2146:Deus ex machina
2087:
2073:Title character
2058:Stock character
2004:Focal character
1950:
1945:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1888:
1850:
1845:
1844:
1839:. 2 April 2022.
1835:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1811:. 14 July 2022.
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1754:. 3 March 2017.
1744:
1743:
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1520:
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1467:
1463:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1434:
1418:
1414:
1405:
1401:
1397:Deming, p. 749.
1396:
1392:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1340:
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1324:
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1223:
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1208:
1199:
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1086:
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1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1015:
1006:
1002:
995:
991:
986:
979:
970:
966:
961:
914:
900:Terrence Malick
886:
858:
850:Brendan Connell
836:
662:in novels like
617:indirect speech
559:
547:Robert Browning
428:
424:
422:
419:
416:
414:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
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393:
391:
363:
245:Edgar Allan Poe
234:Bishop Berkeley
211:Tristram Shandy
203:Laurence Sterne
198:
193:
168:Similarly, the
139:
133:
89:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3213:Verisimilitude
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3116:Parallel novel
3113:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3086:
3080:
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3065:
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2904:
2899:
2898:
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2887:
2877:
2872:
2867:
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2865:
2860:
2850:
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2825:
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2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2758:Action fiction
2750:
2745:
2739:
2737:
2725:
2724:
2722:
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2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
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2601:
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2595:
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2573:
2568:
2559:
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2533:
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2514:
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2354:
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2311:
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2301:
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2291:
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2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2236:Self-insertion
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Poetic justice
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2110:
2105:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2023:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1979:Character flaw
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1853:Cohn, Dorrit.
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1828:
1814:
1800:
1785:
1771:
1757:
1737:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1613:
1600:
1597:, 20 May 2013.
1595:The New Yorker
1585:
1563:
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1536:
1523:
1514:
1507:
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1268:
1251:
1221:
1206:
1193:
1180:
1167:
1155:
1137:
1123:
1080:
1070:J. A. Cuddon,
1063:
1054:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
989:
977:
971:J. A. Cuddon,
963:
962:
960:
957:
956:
955:
953:Associationism
950:
948:Persona poetry
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
913:
910:
908:also uses it.
891:Anonymous Club
885:
882:
857:
854:
835:
832:
822:Roberto Bolaño
773:Salman Rushdie
762:A Disaffection
717:collaborative
656:Samuel Beckett
577:Virginia Woolf
558:
555:
523:Finnegans Wake
455:Virginia Woolf
388:
386:
362:
359:
348:Virginia Woolf
303:Some point to
284:Ambrose Bierce
226:associationist
197:
194:
192:
189:
132:
129:
92:Alexander Bain
88:
87:Origin of term
85:
78:Virginia Woolf
53:narrative mode
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3256:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Screenwriting
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
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3147:
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3138:
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3126:
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3119:
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3110:
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3097:
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3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Second-person
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2971:
2969:
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2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2923:
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2915:
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2913:
2910:
2908:
2907:Magic realism
2905:
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2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
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2886:
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2878:
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2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Psychological
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2818:Philosophical
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
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2801:
2799:
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2746:
2744:
2743:Autobiography
2741:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:Narrative art
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2640:Flash fiction
2638:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2599:
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2560:
2558:
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2544:
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2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Act structure
2529:
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2527:
2524:
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2349:
2348:Worldbuilding
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2202:
2199:
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2196:
2195:KishĆtenketsu
2192:
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2189:
2188:In medias res
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
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2167:Foreshadowing
2165:
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2162:Eucatastrophe
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2150:
2148:
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2125:Chekhov's gun
2123:
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2017:
2015:
2014:Gothic double
2012:
2010:
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2002:
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1995:
1994:Deuteragonist
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1974:Character arc
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1751:Rolling Stone
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1150:www.eapoe.org
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374:
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3008:Third-person
2998:First-person
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2177:Flashforward
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2118:Origin story
2100:
2063:Straight man
2018:
1906:. Retrieved
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799:Irvine Welsh
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791:Pavel Ulitin
785:(1963), the
782:The Bell Jar
780:
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766:
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747:James Kelman
744:
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734:Monty Python
731:
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720:Illuminatus!
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680:L'innommable
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670:Malone meurt
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32:Free writing
3208:Tellability
3174:Metafiction
3169:Narratology
2941:Theological
2833:Pop culture
2714:Short story
2692:Epic poetry
2413:Time travel
2226:Red herring
2211:Plot device
2182:Frame story
2135:Cliffhanger
2078:Tritagonist
2053:Protagonist
1636:3 May 2012.
1634:Irish Times
1091:Seventy-Six
856:Song lyrics
812:Dave Eggers
715:Robert Shea
675:Malone Dies
585:(1925) and
567:Italo Svevo
535:T. S. Eliot
461:James Joyce
451:James Joyce
338:Henry James
309:Knut Hamsun
298:James Joyce
269:(1869) and
261:Leo Tolstoy
221:Seventy-Six
191:Development
147:James Joyce
70:James Joyce
3228:Categories
3094:Continuity
2963:Nonfiction
2927:Underwater
2823:Picaresque
2798:Historical
2783:Epistolary
2655:Fairy tale
2566:Peripeteia
2548:Exposition
2304:Dreamworld
2246:Stereotype
2216:Plot twist
1964:Antagonist
1908:12 January
1429:006467150X
1341:"Proust".
1035:The Egoist
1020:"Novels",
959:References
751:Glaswegian
480:The Egoist
475:A Portrait
442:Pilgrimage
135:See also:
131:Definition
125:Pilgrimage
117:The Egoist
2985:Narration
2934:Superhero
2858:Chivalric
2843:Religious
2828:Political
2763:Adventure
2748:Biography
2670:Tall tale
2518:Structure
2503:Symbolism
2471:Narration
2371:Leitmotif
2299:Crossover
2294:Backstory
2251:Story arc
2201:MacGuffin
2172:Flashback
2113:Backstory
1989:Confidant
1969:Archenemy
1956:Character
1948:Narrative
1732:218974626
1578:24 August
1487:, p. 212.
1471:, p. 212.
1244:9 October
1112:cite book
1104:John Neal
938:Soliloquy
824:'s novel
706:(1945).
642:'s novel
636:soliloquy
604:The Waves
485:Dubliners
334:Mysteries
329:Mysteries
320:Mysteries
216:John Neal
145:Cover of
62:modernist
3191:Glossary
3186:Rhetoric
2993:Diegesis
2973:Creative
2946:Thriller
2895:Southern
2813:Paranoid
2808:Nautical
2719:Vignette
2677:Gamebook
2645:Folklore
2552:Protasis
2431:Allegory
2376:Metaphor
2334:parallel
2329:universe
2309:Dystopia
2266:Suspense
2152:Dialogue
2140:Conflict
2048:Narrator
2020:Hamartia
1724:32460912
1710:: e117.
1100:40318310
912:See also
807:(1993).
765:(1989),
759:(1984),
668:(1951),
629:indirect
623:between
575:(1923),
565:include
275:(1878).
214:(1757).
3121:Prequel
3077:Related
3063:Present
2956:Western
2912:Science
2885:Fantasy
2853:Romance
2803:Mystery
2788:Ergodic
2753:Fiction
2709:Parable
2704:Novella
2634:Fabliau
2605:Premise
2456:Imagery
2446:Diction
2324:country
2281:Setting
2261:Subplot
2083:Villain
2036:Byronic
1871:, 1954.
1864:, 1955.
1857:, 1978.
1456:Italica
874:Outkast
789:writer
682:(1953:
672:(1951;
650:Ulysses
563:Ulysses
513:Ulysses
509:Ulysses
498:Ulysses
493:Ulysses
178:Ulysses
152:Ulysses
3125:Sequel
3109:Retcon
3104:Reboot
3068:Future
2902:Horror
2890:Gothic
2875:Satire
2793:Erotic
2660:Legend
2562:Climax
2436:Bathos
2343:Utopia
2231:Reveal
2130:Cliché
2108:Action
2102:Ab ovo
2041:Tragic
1899:
1730:
1722:
1505:
1427:
1365:
1284:
1098:
862:lyrics
827:Amulet
797:, and
678:) and
665:Molloy
634:, and
613:direct
447:Proust
437:series
325:Hunger
314:Hunger
3132:Genre
3099:Canon
3050:Tense
2968:Novel
2951:Urban
2863:Prose
2848:Rogue
2773:Crime
2768:Comic
2729:Genre
2699:Novel
2650:Fable
2628:Drama
2593:films
2423:Style
2391:Motif
2381:Moral
2366:Irony
2358:Theme
2271:Trope
1728:S2CID
1574:. BBC
51:is a
3137:List
3058:Past
2917:Hard
2870:Saga
2778:Docu
2734:List
2665:Myth
2620:Form
2508:Tone
2481:Hook
2466:Mood
2461:Mode
2319:city
2206:Pace
2093:Plot
2031:Anti
2026:Hero
2009:Foil
1910:2011
1897:ISBN
1720:PMID
1580:2019
1503:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1363:ISBN
1282:ISBN
1246:2017
1118:link
1096:OCLC
868:and
615:and
518:from
425:1915
240:".
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