560:
and processed to support the natural language output of the ICTVdb web site. The ICTV has begun discussions on how best to fix these problems, but decided that the time frame for updates and error correction were sufficiently long that it was best to take the site down rather than perpetuate the release of inaccurate information. As of August 2013, the database remains on hold. According to some views, "ICTV should also promote the use of a public database to replace the ICTV database as a store of the primary metadata of individual viruses, and should publish abstracts of the ICTV Reports in that database, so that they are 'Open Access'." The database was revived in 2017.
29:
552:(CSIRO). DELTA is able to store a wide diversity of data and translate it into a language suitable for traditional reports and web publication. For example, ICTVdB does not itself contain genomic sequence information but can convert DELTA data into NEXUS format. It can also handle large data inputs and is suited to compiling long lists of virus properties, text comments, and images.
765:
317:
sequences assigned to 3,142 "species" which are not accounted for in the ICTV report (due to the way GenBank works, however, the actual number of proper species is probably significantly smaller). The number of unidentified virus sequences is only expected to increase as the rate of virus sequencing
559:
In 2011, the ICTV decided to suspend the ICTVdb project and web site. This decision was made after it became apparent that the taxonomy provided on the site was many years out of date, and that some of the information on the site was inaccurate due to problems with how the database was being queried
1174:
And while the ICTV says a change to the monkeypox virus' formal name could come in the next year or two, the revision wouldn't be a response to the current outbreak. Instead, it's part of a broad review of naming conventions for all virus species, including monkeypox, after the ICTV adopted changes
195:
The organisation is divided into an executive committee, which includes members and executives with fixed-term elected roles, as well as directly appointed heads of seven subcommittees. Each subcommittee head, in turn, appoints numerous 'study groups', which each consist of one chair and a variable
337:
has no official status until it has been approved by ICTV, and names will only be accepted if they are linked to approved hierarchical taxa. If no suitable name is proposed for a taxon, the taxon may be approved and the name be left undecided until the adoption of an acceptable international name,
516:
ICTVdb is a species and isolate database that has been intended to serve as a companion to the ICTV taxonomy database. The development of ICTVdB has been supported by the ICTV since 1991 and was initially intended to aid taxonomic research. The database classifies viruses based primarily on their
507:
The ICTV has published reports of virus taxonomy about twice a decade since 1971 (listed below - "Reports"). The ninth ICTV report was published in
December 2011; the content is now freely available through the ICTV website. Beginning in 2017, the tenth ICTV report will be published online on the
498:
Acknowledging the importance of viral metagenomics, the ICTV recognizes that genomes assembled from metagenomic data represent actual viruses and encourages their official classification following the same procedures as those used for viruses isolated and characterized using classical virology
338:
when one is proposed to and accepted by ICTV. Names must not convey a meaning for the taxon which would seem to either exclude viruses which are rightfully members of that taxon, exclude members which might one day belong to that taxon, or include viruses which are members of different taxa.
555:
ICTVdB has grown in concept and capability to become a major reference resource and research tool; in 1999 it was receiving over 30,000 combined online hits per day from its main site at the
Australian National University, and two mirror sites based in the UK and United States.
1248:, Brister JR, Carstens EB, Davison AJ, Delwart E, Gorbalenya AE, Harrach B, Hull R, King AMQ, Koonin EV, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Lefkowitz EJ, Nibert ML, Orton R, Roossinck MJ, Sabanadzovic S, Sullivan MB, Suttle CA, Tesh RB, van der Vlugt RA, Varsani A, Zerbini FM (2017).
312:
order, family, subfamily, genus, and species. When it is uncertain how to classify a species into a genus but its classification in a family is clear, it will be classified as an unassigned species of that family. Many taxa remain unranked. There are also, as of 2005,
329:
Proposals for new names, name changes, and the establishment and taxonomic placement of taxa are handled by the executive committee of the ICTV in the form of proposals. All relevant ICTV subcommittees and study groups are consulted prior to a decision being taken.
1307:
Adams MJ, Lefkowitz EJ, King AM, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Mushegian AR, Nibert ML, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Orton RJ, Smith DB, Gorbalenya AE, Davison AJ (2017).
179:
The
International Committee on Nomenclature of Viruses (ICNV) was established in 1966, at the International Congress for Microbiology in Moscow, to standardize the naming of virus taxa. The ICVN published its first report in 1971. For viruses infecting
373:
where such numbers and letters are already widely used. However, newly designated serial numbers, letters or combinations thereof are not acceptable alone as species epithets. If a number or letter series is in existence it may be continued.
163:. The ICTV develops a universal taxonomic scheme for viruses, and thus has the means to appropriately describe, name, and classify every virus taxon. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert
398:
A subfamily is a group of genera sharing certain common characters. The taxon shall be used only when it is needed to solve a complex hierarchical problem. A subfamily name must be a single word ending in the suffix
508:
ICTV website and will be free to access with individual chapters updated on a rolling basis. The 2018 taxonomy is available online, including a downloadable Excel spreadsheet of all recognized species.
549:
411:
A family is a group of genera, whether or not these are organized into subfamilies, sharing certain common characters with each other. A family name must be a single word ending in the suffix -
382:
A virus genus is a group of related species that share some significant properties and often only differ in host range and virulence. A genus name must be a single word ending in the suffix -
321:
The ICTV has been strikingly successful in achieving stability, since their inception in 1962. Every genus and family recognized in the 1980s continued to be in use as of 2005, for example.
1716:
Abstract: The
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has recently changed its approved definition of a viral species, and also discontinued work on its database of virus description
486:
Species names are printed in italics and have the first letter of the first word capitalized. Other words are not capitalized unless they are proper nouns, or parts of proper nouns.
171:. Detailed work, such as identifying new taxa and delimiting the boundaries of species, genera, families, etc. typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families.
1158:
365:
Before then, a more liberal naming system was in effect: a species name shall consist of as few words as practicable but must not consist only of a host name and the word
483:
In formal taxonomic usage the accepted names of virus orders, families, subfamilies, and genera are printed in italics and the first letters of the names are capitalized.
168:
112:
605:
Viruses, International
Committee on Taxonomy of; Matthews, Richard Ellis Ford; Section On Virology, International Association of Microbiological Societies (1979).
1746:
275:
To communicate the decisions reached concerning the classification and nomenclature of viruses to virologists by holding meetings and publishing reports.
1731:
1643:
362:
for new species: a genus followed by a specific epithet. A species name must provide an appropriately unambiguous identification of the species.
819:
825:
1451:
1370:
Virus taxonomy : classification and nomenclature of viruses : ninth report of the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
196:
number of members dedicated to the taxonomy of a specific taxon, such as an order or family. This structure may be visualised as follows:
1417:
1741:
1378:
721:
700:
679:
658:
616:
595:
1045:
742:
637:
541:
989:
474:
are not classified as viruses but are assigned an arbitrary classification as seems useful to workers in the particular fields.
1751:
28:
1604:
811:
Virus
Taxonomy Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
533:
423:
An order is a group of families sharing certain common characters. An order name must be a single word ending in the suffix -
1384:
1342:
1282:
778:
963:
1736:
537:
1533:
689:
Viruses, International
Committee On Taxonomy Of; Van Regenmortel, M. H. V; Fauquet, C. M; Bishop, D. H. L (2000).
305:
1650:
1668:
526:
342:
783:
123:
76:
1410:"Virus Taxonomy: The Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses; The 9th Report of the ICTV (2011)"
304:
The ICTV's universal virus classification system uses a slightly modified version of the standard
1586:
1476:
Lefkowitz, EJ; Dempsey, DM; Hendrickson, RC; Orton, RJ; Siddell, SG; Smith, DB (4 January 2018).
1226:
156:
809:
1707:
1578:
1507:
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1274:
1218:
1041:
945:
889:
815:
738:
717:
696:
675:
654:
633:
612:
591:
1444:"Virus Taxonomy: The Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses; The 10th Report of the ICTV"
435:
Rules concerned with the classification of viruses shall also apply to the classification of
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1687:
1568:
1497:
1489:
1324:
1264:
1208:
1200:
1051:
1033:
935:
925:
879:
869:
545:
1478:"Virus taxonomy: the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)"
184:, the first report included 19 genera, 2 families, and a further 24 unclassified groups.
1310:"50 years of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: progress and prospects"
345:
for virology, so that a name in current use cannot be invalidated by claiming priority.
1702:
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884:
857:
788:
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993:
489:
In formal usage, the name of the taxon shall precede the term for the taxonomic unit.
359:
1590:
1230:
731:
King, Andrew M. Q.; Lefkowitz, Elliot; Adams, Michael J.; et al., eds. (2011).
455:
for families. A similar system is in use for satellites and viriforms, substituting
16:
International organisation that regulates classification and nomenclature of viruses
522:
387:
1608:
470:
Retrotransposons are considered to be viruses in classification and nomenclature.
1368:
858:"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the 3,142 unassigned species"
732:
711:
690:
669:
648:
627:
606:
585:
571:
548:) system, a world standard for taxonomic data exchange, developed at Australia's
187:
The ICNV was renamed the
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 1974.
1430:– does not include the content of part III (contains ICTV statue and Code)
1159:"Critics say 'monkeypox' is a racist name. But it's not going away anytime soon"
1309:
1249:
1573:
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1329:
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760:
181:
1692:
1269:
967:
930:
1711:
1582:
1511:
1338:
1278:
1222:
949:
893:
874:
167:. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the
647:
Viruses, International
Committee on Taxonomy of; Francki, R. I. B (1991).
570:
Viruses, International Committee on Nomenclature of; Wildy, Peter (1971).
265:
The objectives of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are:
1493:
1140:"The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN)"
164:
80:
297:
To avoid or reject the use of names which might cause error or confusion
1097:"Statutes of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)"
584:
Viruses, International Committee on Taxonomy of; Fenner, Frank (1976).
370:
314:
808:
King, Andrew M.Q.; Lefkowitz, E.; Adams, M.J.; Carstens, E.B. (2012).
764:
1096:
518:
436:
386:. Approval of a new genus must be accompanied by the approval of a
369:. Numbers, letters, or combinations thereof may be used as species
238:
Animal DNA Viruses and Retroviruses Subcommittee β study groups: 18
1676:"Viral taxonomy needs a spring clean; its exploration era is over"
914:"Viral taxonomy needs a spring clean; its exploration era is over"
471:
334:
160:
1409:
1139:
281:
To study the virus effects in modern society and their behaviour.
1250:"Consensus statement: Virus taxonomy in the age of metagenomics"
309:
1525:
241:
Animal dsRNA and ssRNA- Viruses Subcommittee β study groups: 24
1071:
529:, and geographical distribution, among other characteristics.
1557:"NEXUS: an extensible file format for systematic information"
1443:
550:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
278:
To maintain an official index of agreed names of virus taxa.
290:
The ICTV's essential principles of virus nomenclature are:
734:
Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses
713:
Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses
692:
Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses
671:
Virus taxonomy: classification and nomenclature of viruses
269:
To develop an internationally agreed taxonomy for viruses.
253:
Fungal and Protist Viruses Subcommittee β study groups: 12
990:"International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS)"
272:
To establish internationally agreed names for virus taxa.
1635:
1555:
Maddison DR, Swofford DL, Maddison WP (December 1997).
1072:"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)"
136:
439:. The formal endings for taxa of viroids are the word
1530:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1448:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
1414:
International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
737:. 9th report. Elsevier/Academic Press. p. 1338.
244:
Animal ssRNA+ Viruses Subcommittee β study groups: 16
494:
Classification of viruses discovered by metagenomics
451:for sub-families, should this taxon be needed, and
131:
119:
106:
96:
86:
72:
64:
46:
38:
1189:"Towards a coherent nomenclature of plant viruses"
544:. It uses the Description Language for Taxonomy (
247:Bacterial Viruses Subcommittee β study groups: 20
225:Chairs β positions: 7 (one for each subcommittee)
250:Archaeal Viruses Subcommittee β study groups: 11
169:International Union of Microbiological Societies
113:International Union of Microbiological Societies
1471:
1469:
358:Since 2020, the Viral Code requires the use of
1605:"Banking Diverse Data - The Origins of ICTVdB"
1367:King, Andrew M. Q.; et al., eds. (2012).
964:"Banking Diverse Data β The Origins of ICTVdB"
149:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
22:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
626:Ellis, Richard; Matthews, Ford, eds. (1982).
256:Plant Viruses Subcommittee β study groups: 22
8:
1438:
1436:
1404:
1402:
21:
1015:
1013:
1011:
907:
905:
903:
159:classification of and the nomenclature for
650:Classification and nomenclature of viruses
629:Classification and nomenclature of viruses
608:Classification and nomenclature of viruses
587:Classification and nomenclature of viruses
573:Classification and nomenclature of viruses
300:To avoid the unnecessary creation of names
27:
20:
1701:
1691:
1572:
1501:
1328:
1268:
1212:
1175:in 2020 to standardize its naming format.
1055:
939:
929:
883:
873:
1134:
1132:
1130:
800:
716:. 8th report. Elsevier/Academic Press.
1387:from the original on 11 September 2014
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
828:from the original on 10 December 2017
7:
1669:Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center
856:Fauquet, C.M.; Fargette, D. (2005).
632:. 4th report. Karger. p. 199.
1607:. 13 November 2005. Archived from
1038:10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.21231-4
966:. 13 November 2005. Archived from
532:The database was developed at the
14:
1747:Organizations established in 1966
1674:Gibbs, Adrian J (9 August 2013).
1536:from the original on 4 March 2018
1420:from the original on 2 April 2019
1348:from the original on 23 July 2018
1288:from the original on 23 July 2018
68:Regulation of taxonomy of viruses
1732:Taxonomy (biology) organizations
1454:from the original on 1 July 2019
1157:Chappell, Bill (1 August 2022).
763:
542:American Type Culture Collection
1526:"Current ICTV taxonomy release"
1244:Simmonds P, Adams MJ, BenkΕ M,
308:system. It only recognises the
228:Elected members β positions: 11
155:) authorizes and organizes the
534:Australian National University
1:
779:Glossary of scientific naming
459:in normal taxa endings with
1257:Nature Reviews Microbiology
710:Fauquet, C.M., ed. (2005).
668:Murphy, Frederik A (1995).
538:National Science Foundation
52:; 58 years ago
1770:
1373:. London: Academic Press.
517:chemical characteristics,
431:Rules for sub-viral agents
286:Principles of nomenclature
98:Vice-President (2020β2023)
1742:Systems of virus taxonomy
1330:10.1007/s00705-016-3215-y
1205:10.1007/s12250-016-3741-5
752:ICTV 10th (online) Report
306:biological classification
26:
1693:10.1186/1743-422X-10-254
1270:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.177
1026:Encyclopedia of Virology
931:10.1186/1743-422X-10-254
443:for species, the suffix
325:Naming and changing taxa
318:increases dramatically.
191:Organisational structure
1644:"History of the ICTVdB"
1574:10.1093/sysbio/46.4.590
540:, and sponsored by the
536:with support of the US
525:replication, diseases,
447:for genera, the suffix
1752:Virology organizations
1482:Nucleic Acids Research
1187:Ali, Muhammad (2016).
1020:Kuhn, Jens H. (2021).
875:10.1186/1743-422X-2-64
749:Also available online.
478:Rules for orthography
343:principle of priority
88:President (2020β2023)
1317:Archives of Virology
996:on 30 September 2007
912:Gibbs, A.J. (2013).
784:Virus classification
124:Microbiology Society
1656:on 7 September 2006
1611:on 13 November 2005
970:on 13 November 2005
217:Proposals Secretary
200:Executive committee
115:, Virology Division
108:Parent organization
23:
1737:Nomenclature codes
1494:10.1093/nar/gkx932
214:Business Secretary
1488:(D1): D708βD717.
1193:Virologica Sinica
821:978-0-12-384684-6
145:
144:
1759:
1718:
1705:
1695:
1680:Virology Journal
1665:
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1649:. Archived from
1648:
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1636:Official website
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1323:(5): 1441β1446.
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1022:"Virus taxonomy"
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992:. Archived from
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918:Virology Journal
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1628:External links
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1567:(4): 590β621.
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1398:
1380:978-0123846846
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1263:(3): 161β168.
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1199:(3): 197β198.
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723:978-0080575483
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702:978-0123702005
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695:. 7th report.
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681:978-3211825945
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674:. 6th report.
665:
660:978-3211822869
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653:. 5th report.
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618:978-3805505239
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611:. 3rd report.
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597:978-3805524186
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590:. 2nd report.
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1168:18 December
1076:ictv.global
394:Subfamilies
182:vertebrates
165:virologists
1726:Categories
1615:18 October
1561:Syst. Biol
1540:18 October
1458:18 October
1424:18 October
1391:9 December
1292:18 October
795:References
465:-viriform-
461:-satellit-
261:Objectives
1032:: 28β37.
453:-viroidae
449:-viroinae
294:Stability
205:President
157:taxonomic
47:Formation
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1591:30267491
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1534:Archived
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894:16105179
832:13 April
826:Archived
757:See also
407:Families
371:epithets
127:Wellcome
81:Virology
77:Taxonomy
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1214:8193424
1057:7157452
1000:22 June
974:6 April
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885:1208960
564:Reports
527:vectors
519:genomic
445:-viroid
437:viroids
425:virales
413:viridae
401:virinae
354:Species
315:GenBank
175:History
161:viruses
139:.global
132:Website
65:Purpose
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1587:S2CID
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1227:S2CID
546:DELTA
457:-vir-
384:virus
367:virus
335:taxon
1708:PMID
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