968:
re-elect for other 4 years the
Tunisian Executive Director Abdelladif Ghedira and deputy directors, including the Spanish Jaime Lillo, took place in June 2019 in Mararkesh. Italy protested at the European Union level and the Italian industry protested on the media about the re-election of the Tunisian and Spanish directors who had already led the IOC for 4 years. This caused the abstention of the EU as an IOC member. Shortly after his re-election, Ghedira also dismissed an Italian technician who had a pivotal position in the organization. This move also upset Italian officials and sparked controversy among operators in the sector. According to Italian media reports, several others also criticized some of the issues that emerged during and after the session. The re-election of the same executive of the so-called "Tunisia-Spain axis" raised public protests within the Italian sector, as it was seen as the "death of olive oil quality" , and that Italy was "expelled" from the IOC in favor of the Tunisian-Spanish management, defined as the "lords of olive oil". An international case was raised by Israel - an IOC member - who claimed that his representative was not allowed to enter in the room for the discussion and therefore they did not recognize the election of the directors. This was the first case in the IOC history in which a member was not allowed to vote. Italian and American newspapers also released the information that a few days after their re-election, the Tunisian and Spanish directors dismissed an Italian technician who had a pivotal position in the organization. This move also upset Italian officials and sparked controversy among operators in the sector, worried that the plan of the newly elected directors was to avoid improvement of the olive oil quality but only fostering their efforts for Spain and Tunisia
960:
Executive
Director of the IOC between 1987 and 2002, in relation to allegations of irregularities in the management of the organization's funds. This quickly forced Luchetti's resignation; he was prosecuted under Spanish national law, rather than at an international tribunal as per Spanish regulations related to international organisations. The issue was only resolved 13 years later, with Luchetti's complete acquittal; he claimed that the case was made against him to attack the olive oil sector in favor of other vegetable fat products; he claimed that the lobbies of the oilseeds industries were unhappy about the IOC's good results.
618:
annual proficiency programme for chemical and sensory testing laboratories wishing to obtain IOC recognition; organises the annual IOC Mario
Solinas Quality Award aimed at showcasing excellence in extra virgin olive oils and other institutional IOC-supported national competitions; coordinates an olive oil quality control programme in import markets; recognises and coordinates training activities for chemical laboratories and sensory panels working on olive oils and table olives; coordinates research activities in relevant areas of study.
427:
33:
964:
constantly raised conflict in political and technical debates within the IOC and EU. In 2018 and 2019, the efforts of the
Spanish industry to attack and belittle the organoleptic method (so-called "panel test") raised Italy's attention. In a meeting hold at the IOC in May 2019, Italy's protests avoided a change that would have diminished the legal value of the organoleptic assessment for public control in the import/export.
399:
1586:
441:
413:
301:
371:
329:
385:
357:
315:
259:
231:
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189:
343:
273:
217:
161:
245:
175:
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1596:
959:
The IOC has for long been seen as an independent organism to regulate and promote the sector of olive products, particularly olive oil. However in the early 2000s some controversies became public. In 2002, the
European Commission raised issues with Fausto Luchetti, an Italian who held the position of
967:
In 2016, public protests against the election of a
Spanish deputy director were raised by Italy, as it was in contrast with the political agreement made to balance the direction of the agricultural sector within the European Union. These protests became even stronger in summer 2019, when the vote to
609:
The IOC is served by a
Secretariat headed by an Executive Director, who is assisted by senior officials and other staff. The Executive Secretariat is the operative arm of the IOC, implementing its decisions and strategy and serving the needs of its Members. It is made up of five Units: Promotion and
942:
The IOC Mario
Solinas Quality Award was launched in the year 2000 to reward producers, producer associations and packers for excellence and craftsmanship in the production of extra virgin olive oils. A twin aim is to increase consumer awareness and visibility of the wide range of sensory attributes
868:
is obtained from crude olive pomace oil by refining methods which do not lead to alterations in the initial glyceridic structure. It has a free acidity, expressed as oleic acid, of not more than 0.3 grams per 100 grams and its other characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in the
586:
Administrative and
Financial Affairs Committee: This committee supervises all administrative affairs, human resources issues and makes the financial control of the IOC. It examines the IOC financial statements and yearly audit and analyses the draft budgets proposed by the Executive Secretariat. It
463:
If a country is interested in joining, its government submits an application to the
Council of Members, usually through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs or another ministry, or through its embassy in Spain. The Council of Members examines the application and determines the conditions of accession of
950:
The highest scorers are then assessed by an international panel of judges who pick the first, second and third prize winners in each section of the competition. Winners receive a medal and a diploma. They are also allowed to mention their Award on bottles of extra virgin olive oil belonging to the
628:
Olive growing, Olive Oil Technology and Environment Unit: encourages research and development and promotes the dissemination of technology and training to modernise olive growing and the olive products industry, improve product quality, protect the environment and reduce costs; carries out R&D
590:
Advisory Committee on Olive Oil and Table Olives: This committee is a fundamental talking partner for the Council of Members. Its representatives are drawn from all the branches of the olive sector in the member countries: producers, processors, marketers and consumers. It was established to voice
578:
Technical Committee: The brief of this committee is to review and discuss the programmes and activities proposed by the Executive Secretariat in the areas of olive oil chemistry and standardisation, research and development, technology transfer, training and customised technical assistance for the
963:
During recent years, it has become more and more evident that the major olive oil producing country, Spain, is opposing the second largest world's producer, Italy, to weaken some of the quality parameters in order to foster marketing of lower grades olive oils worldwide. Italy's focus on quality
621:
Economy and Promotion Unit: compiles and releases economic data and world statistics on olive oils and table olives, coordinates Economic and Advisory Committee meetings and working groups and conducts international surveys and economic research. It also coordinates promotional campaigns, runs a
617:
Standardisation and Research Unit: develops and harmonises standards and methods of physico–chemical and sensory analysis for olive oils and table olives in addition to industry management guides; collaborates with the Codex Alimentarius Commission and other standards-related bodies; oversees an
600:
The Council of Members elects a chairperson who serves a one-year term of office, which is rotated among the IOC Members. The chairperson plays a vital part in the life of the Organisation and carries out many duties, most importantly presiding over meetings and sessions and representing the IOC
561:
The Council of Members is the principal decision-making body of the IOC. It is made up of one delegate per Member, who is assisted by alternates and advisers. It meets at least once a year to review IOC work and to approve the action programme and budget for the next year. The Council of Members
459:
Because the IOC is an international, intergovernmental organisation, membership is only open to the governments of states and to international organisations with responsibilities in the negotiation, conclusion and application of international agreements, especially commodity agreements. Private
574:
Promotion and Economic Affairs Committee: Ongoing and future promotional activities and campaigns to promote olive oil and table olive consumption are examined by this committee, which marks out the direction of IOC promotional policy. This committee discusses and approves also the statistics
875:
is a blend of refined olive pomace oil and virgin olive oils fit for consumption as they are. It has a free acidity of not more than 1 gram per 100 grams and its other characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard. In no case shall this blend be called olive
854:
Olive pomace oil is obtained by treating olive pomace with solvents or other physical treatments, to the exclusion of oils obtained by re-esterification processes and of any mixture with oils of other kinds. It is marketed in accordance with the following designations and definitions:
519:
The IOC has been headquartered in Madrid since it was founded in 1959. The rights, immunities and privileges of the IOC headquarters, staff and representatives are stipulated in a Headquarters Agreement signed with the Kingdom of Spain, which is the host country of the Organisation.
838:
is obtained from virgin olive oils by refining methods which do not lead to alterations in the initial glyceridic structure. It has a free acidity of not more than 0.3 grams per 100 grams and its other characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard.
464:
the applicant country. This includes fixing the number of participation shares in the IOC budget and setting a time limit for the country to file its instrument of accession with the depository of the Agreement. As soon as the applicant deposits its instrument it becomes a Member.
582:
Standardisation and Chemistry Committee: This Committee seeks the uniformity between national and international legislation relating to the physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of olive oils, olive pomace oils and table olives and updates and validates new methods of
153:. These states account for over 94 per cent of the world's olive production. The following states of the IOC are below (the year of the state's first ratification of one of the Agreements is included; an asterisk indicates that the state was a founding member of the IOOC):
575:
compiled by the Executive Secretariat on production, consumption, imports, exports and stocks of olive oils and table olives. It keeps track of market developments and national policymaking in the olive sector and makes proposals to achieve balanced supply and demand.
845:
consists of a blend of refined olive oil and virgin olive oils fit for consumption as they are. It has a free acidity of not more than 1 gram per 100 grams and its other characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard.
778:
is obtained from the fruit of the olive tree solely by mechanical or other physical means under conditions – particularly thermal conditions – that do not lead to alterations in the oil, and which have not undergone any treatment other than washing,
946:
Entries are classified in different categories according to their fruitiness and evaluated by IOC-recognised panels which use a 100-point profile sheet to rate their smell, taste, retronasal sensations, harmony, complexity and persistence.
132:
In 2006, the International Olive Oil Council changed its name to the International Olive Council to recognise that the Council also deals with table olives. (The name of its governing Agreement had recognised this since 1986.)
1210:
1021:
544:
The IOC is funded through compulsory contributions paid by its Member States. Contributions are calculated each year according to the number of participation shares awarded to each Member in the IOC budget.
1258:
893:
This designation may only be sold direct to the consumer if permitted in the country of retail sale. If not permitted, the designation of this product shall comply with the legal provisions of the country
501:
1667:
832:
characteristics and other characteristics of which correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard. They are not suitable for human consumption and are therefore usually refined.
772:
processes are excluded as are any mixture with oils of other kinds. Olive oil may be either edible or industrial and is marketed in accordance with the following designations and definitions:
629:
projects; organises courses and seminars; publishes practical guides and manuals; holds training initiatives and runs a grant-funding scheme for extension and technical assistance activities.
821:: virgin olive oil which has a free acidity of not more than 3.3 grams per 100 grams and the other characteristics of which correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard.
862:
is olive pomace oil whose characteristics correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard. It is intended for refining for use for human consumption, or for technical use.
815:: virgin olive oil which has a free acidity of not more than 2 grams per 100 grams and the other characteristics of which correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard
105:. This first agreement remained in force until 1963, when a second agreement was negotiated. The organisation was governed by the following agreements during the time spans indicated:
622:
grant-funding programme for promotional activities, prepares information material, participates in promotional events and produces OLIVAE, the official scientific journal of the IOC.
1652:
1234:
477:
1174:
570:
The committees discuss and lay the groundwork for proposals and three-year action plans which are then submitted to the Council of Members. The IOC has five committees:
510:
The government of any member or observer State of the United Nations or of one of the organisations mentioned in the first bullet that envisages joining the Agreement.
638:
Some very important aspects of the IOC work is to promote consumer confidence, stimulate international trade and to prevent fraud. The IOC has two trade standards:
101:
on 17 October 1955. After this treaty was amended and the amended version came into force, the IOOC was established under this treaty in 1959, with headquarters in
694:
fixes the names and definitions of the different categories of olive oils and olive pomace oils as well the quality and purity criteria for each grade of product.
1682:
673:
809:
equivalents), of not more than 0.8 grams per 100 grams, and the other characteristics of which correspond to those fixed for this category in the IOC standard.
768:
Olive oil is oil obtained solely from the fruit of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.) which has been extracted mechanically. Oils obtained using solvents or re-
680:
Commission in order to ensure their testing methods and standards remain updated and compatible or comparable with the standards of other relevant agencies.
1162:
1657:
1613:
1069:
1125:
553:
The structure of the IOC revolves around the key figures of the Council of Members and its committees, the IOC chair, and the Executive Secretariat.
688:
To avoid confusion IOC Members are committed to prohibiting the use of any product names other than those explicitly specified in the IOC standard.
610:
Economic Affairs Unit, Technical Unit, Chemistry & Standardisation Unit, Administrative Affairs & HR Unit and Financial Management Unit.
472:
Three categories of observer are allowed to attend all or part of IOC sessions, provided they have the prior consent of the Council of Members.
1662:
760:
The different categories of olive oils and olive pomace oils are named and defined in the International Agreement and the IOC trade standard.
1528:
1246:
481:
1198:
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497:
489:
1302:
669:
standards by working very closely with leading chemists from its member countries who contribute their knowledge and expertise.
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601:
legally. A vice-chair is also elected each year and succeeds to the chair the following year. Jordan presides the IOC in 2023.
60:
1566:
493:
1087:
1011:
were founding member states of the IOOC. All EU states are now represented at the Council by a single EU delegation.
1043:
1561:
591:
the opinions of business circles and to help the Executive Secretariat to find effective solutions to any issues.
507:
Intergovernmental, governmental and non-governmental organisations that could provide funding for IOC activities.
485:
476:
International organisations and institutions. This includes the United Nations and its organs, in particular the
140:
2016 Decision No Dec-18/S.Ex. 27-V/2016 Revising the Trade Standard applying To Olive Oils and Olive Pomace Oils
1211:
Truccate le elezioni per i vertici del Consiglio oleicolo internazionale: la morte dell'olio di oliva di qualità
749:
1122:
1319:
725:
701:
562:
takes decisions by consensus. If consensus is not reached, decision making is done by a qualified majority.
1186:
614:
Administrative Management and Human Resources Unit: attends to administrative, logistic and staff affairs.
432:
136:
A new agreement was negotiated and concluded in October 2015 and was open for signature throughout 2016.
1533:
1523:
1427:
1295:
1105:
903:
This designation may only be sold direct to the consumer if permitted in the country of retail sale.
17:
1545:
1222:
712:
methods as well as trade preparations of table olives such as pastes and decorative presentations.
1677:
1599:
677:
376:
921:
This product may only be sold direct to the consumer if permitted in the country of retail sale.
802:
529:
390:
1540:
647:
533:
1259:
Il mondo olivicolo italiano si schiera contro la riconferma del ticket Ghedira-Lillo al Coi
32:
1672:
1589:
1367:
1288:
1129:
721:
666:
1247:
Colpo basso all'olio italiano: è di nuovo tunisino il segretario dell'organo di controllo
1442:
1397:
1382:
1008:
784:
769:
166:
150:
1646:
1508:
1422:
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733:
709:
404:
1175:
L'Italia sventa il blitz contro il panel test al Consiglio oleicolo internazionale
74:
The organization's members account for more than 98% of global olive production.
1437:
1362:
780:
745:
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is also responsible for developing and updating all IOC financial procedures.
1518:
1447:
1402:
1332:
643:
334:
68:
1163:
Former Olive Council Director Fausto Luchetti on His Long Road to Acquittal
625:
Financial Management Unit: responsible for budgetary and financial aspects.
109:
1956 International Olive Oil Agreement (amended 1955 Agreement) (1956–1963)
1467:
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1387:
1372:
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705:
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1407:
984:
729:
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It also cooperates with other international organisations such as the
121:
2005 International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table Olives (2005–2015)
118:
1986 International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table Olives (1986–2005)
1488:
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1452:
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988:
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Part of the remit of the IOC is to ensure compliance with the latest
348:
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912:
The country of retail sale may require a more specific designation.
828:
has a free acidity of more than 3.3 grams per 100 grams and/or the
1342:
1311:
1004:
996:
943:
of the superior extra virgin olive oils found on the marketplace.
930:
The country of retail sale may require a more specific designation
737:
653:
250:
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64:
31:
700:
fixes the names, definitions and requirements for all the common
502:
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
292:
1284:
1235:
Israel Accuses Olive Council of Blocking Access to Key Meeting
794:
Virgin olive oils fit for consumption as they are include:
1280:
532:(Arabic, English, French, Italian and Spanish) and two
490:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
724:
testing methods as well as specifying other consumer
1668:
Intergovernmental organizations established by treaty
149:
The IOC currently has 21 state members including the
126:
International Agreement on Olive Oil and Table Olives
736:, suitable packing materials and filling tolerances
1554:
1481:
1318:
756:Classification of olive oils and olive pomace oils
684:Standard naming practice for oils and table olives
478:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
115:1979 International Olive Oil Agreement (1979–1986)
112:1963 International Olive Oil Agreement (1963–1979)
752:in the use and disposal of olive products etc. .
1022:"BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA OFFICIALLY JOIN THE IOC"
674:International Organization for Standardization
460:companies or individuals cannot join the IOC.
1296:
8:
1199:Ghedira Re-elected Executive Director of IOC
1146:"Designations and definitions of olive oils"
504:(UNESCO) and other specialised UN agencies.
1303:
1289:
1281:
1123:Designations and definitions of olive oils
1044:"THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN JOINS THE IOC"
492:(FAO), the Joint FAO/WHO Programme of the
1653:Intergovernmental commodity organizations
1106:"Standards - International Olive Council"
1050:. International Olive Council. 3 May 2024
67:or products derived from olives, such as
977:
886:
1683:Food- and drink-related organizations
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7:
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482:United Nations Development Programme
95:International Agreement on Olive Oil
18:International Olive Agreement (1956)
25:
1658:Organizations established in 1959
1187:Coi, l'Italia vuole contropartite
1070:"IOC Mario Solinas Quality Award"
740:standards, identification of any
498:International Labour Organization
1594:
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951:same batch as the prize winner.
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93:The IOOC had its genesis in the
938:IOC Mario Solinas Quality Award
801:: virgin olive oil which has a
53:International Olive Oil Council
77:The IOC's headquarters are in
61:intergovernmental organization
27:Intergovernmental organization
1:
1663:Organisations based in Madrid
1150:www.internationaloliveoil.org
1110:www.internationaloliveoil.org
720:The IOC specifies acceptable
494:Codex Alimentarius Commission
1529:regulation and adulteration
1499:International Olive Council
1275:International Olive Council
1092:International Olive Council
1088:"Quality Control Programme"
1074:International Olive Council
45:International Olive Council
1699:
728:information, for example:
656:) and derivative products.
1580:
1223:Italia estromessa dal Coi
1048:internationaloliveoil.org
826:Lampante virgin olive oil
819:Ordinary virgin olive oil
661:International cooperation
652:for edible fruit (called
486:World Health Organization
97:, which was concluded in
866:Refined olive pomace oil
750:environmental protection
698:The table olive standard
1128:2 December 2010 at the
455:Membership requirements
63:of states that produce
860:Crude olive pomace oil
799:Extra virgin olive oil
748:, recommendations for
692:The olive oil standard
536:(English and French).
433:Bosnia and Herzegovina
40:
605:Executive Secretariat
35:
1629:40.44806°N 3.67778°W
1428:Nocellara del Belice
732:standards along the
1625: /
1277:: official website.
634:IOC trade standards
1634:40.44806; -3.67778
678:Codex Alimentarius
557:Council of Members
530:official languages
524:Official languages
41:
1608:
1607:
1261:, TeatroNaturale.
1213:, TeatroNaturale.
1177:, TeatroNaturale.
836:Refined olive oil
738:product labelling
716:Quality assurance
648:olive pomace oils
579:member countries.
534:working languages
528:The IOC has five
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1504:Olive branch
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1494:Castile soap
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1052:. Retrieved
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1026:. Retrieved
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803:free acidity
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746:contaminants
734:supply chain
726:transparency
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710:preservative
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664:
654:table olives
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515:Headquarters
484:(UNDP), the
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405:Saudi Arabia
148:
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73:
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29:
1632: /
1572:Switzerland
1509:Olive color
781:decantation
642:for liquid
500:(ILO), the
488:(WHO), the
1647:Categories
1617:40°26′53″N
1555:By country
1534:unfiltered
1524:extraction
1514:Olive leaf
1463:Salonenque
1393:Hojiblanca
1358:Cailletier
1353:Bouteillan
1007:, and the
894:concerned.
807:oleic acid
789:filtration
644:olive oils
566:Committees
447:Azerbaijan
419:Uzbekistan
307:Montenegro
1678:Olive oil
1620:3°40′40″W
1567:Palestine
1519:Olive oil
1448:Picholine
1403:Koroneiki
1368:Cerignola
1333:Arbequina
1320:Cultivars
843:Olive oil
764:Olive oil
702:varieties
596:IOC Chair
583:analysis.
549:Structure
468:Observers
377:Palestine
335:Argentina
69:olive oil
59:)) is an
1590:Category
1468:Sikitita
1443:Patrinia
1438:Olivière
1418:Meslalla
1398:Kalamata
1388:Grossane
1383:Germaine
1373:Empeltre
1338:Arbosana
1328:Aglandau
1126:Archived
1001:Portugal
706:pickling
225:* (1958)
197:* (1956)
183:* (1956)
1600:Commons
1423:Mission
1413:Lucques
1408:Leccino
985:Belgium
730:hygiene
540:Funding
391:Georgia
363:Uruguay
321:Albania
265:Lebanon
237:Algeria
209:Morocco
195:Tunisia
128:(2015–)
89:History
1673:Olives
1489:Amurca
1482:Topics
1473:Tanche
1458:Sabine
1453:Picual
1433:Oliana
1348:Bosana
1312:Olives
1152:. IOC.
1132:, IOC.
993:Greece
989:France
704:, the
496:, the
449:(2024)
444:
435:(2024)
430:
421:(2021)
416:
407:(2023)
402:
393:(2019)
388:
379:(2017)
374:
365:(2013)
360:
351:(2010)
349:Turkey
346:
337:(2009)
332:
323:(2009)
318:
309:(2007)
304:
295:(2004)
290:
281:(2002)
279:Jordan
276:
267:(1973)
262:
253:(1964)
248:
239:(1963)
234:
223:Israel
220:
211:(1958)
206:
192:
178:
164:
103:Madrid
99:Geneva
79:Madrid
65:olives
38:Madrid
1562:India
1546:Orujo
1363:Cayon
1343:Bidni
1054:8 May
1028:8 May
1005:Spain
997:Italy
972:Notes
881:Notes
251:Egypt
181:Libya
124:2015
83:Spain
1056:2024
1030:2024
876:oil.
787:and
646:and
293:Iran
57:IOOC
43:The
708:or
49:IOC
1649::
1148:.
1137:^
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1090:.
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1304:e
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1290:v
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1094:.
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169:*
55:(
47:(
20:)
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