62:
73:
formed in the
Weddell and Ross Seas is a major source of oceanic deep water and changes affecting the formation of these water masses are liable to have an effect on the circulation of deep water globally. The water of the Weddell Sea is about 1400 m deep at its deepest point; it is exceptionally
74:
clear (the Secchi disk visibility reading at 80 metres recorded in the
Weddell Sea on 13 October 1986 was the deepest ever, at the theoretical maximum in absolutely pure water). Much of the southern part of the sea is permanent ice, the
194:
Introduction, page 1, "Oceanography of the
Weddell Sea in 1969" by Gary L. Hufford and Lcdr. James M. Seabrooke, United States Coast Guard Oceanographic Report No. 31, publ. Washington DC, Feb. 1970
96:
of the
Weddell Sea, the population dynamics of Antarctic seals and sedimentation processes in the Weddell Sea and carried out physical, chemical and photographic oceanographic surveys.
120:
modified for oceanographic research which in 1968 was the first ship to cross the
Weddell Sea from the edge of the ice pack to the continental landmass. At the time, the
278:
92:, and the US Coast Guard Oceanographic Unit studied the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water, the population density and diversity of the deep sea
141:"The Antarctic CORC/ARCHES Expedition - Reports From the Field, week of 7 May 2003", Columbia University Earth Institute News, posted 04/10/03
288:
329:
354:
69:
The
Weddell Sea, part of the Southern Ocean, is a unique scientific research environment. The outflow of Weddell Sea Bottom Water and
349:
209:
334:
174:
339:
155:
344:
311:
Fred's Place website USCGC Glacier
Archive, personal report by SO1 John Murphy of Glacier's 1968 IWSOE Weddell Sea voyage
359:
17:
220:. Historikk (in Norwegian and English). Bergen, Norway: Christian Michelsen Research AS: 24. 2007. Archived from
75:
70:
81:
IWSOE research projects have involved a variety of institutions and covered a wide range of disciplines.
193:
172:"Antarctic Ice Velocity Data", National Snow and Ice Data Center, Antarctic Glaciological Data Center
85:
153:
W.W.C. Gieskes, C. Veth, A. Woehrmann and M.Graefe, EOS, 1987, reported at the Secchi Dip-In website
111:
277:; Langdon B. Quetin (1996). Robin M. Ross; Eileen Elizabeth Hofmann; Langdon B. Quetin (eds.).
310:
284:
140:
255:
178:
159:
221:
274:
323:
99:
Other subjects of IWSOE research include the
Weddell Sea currents and the biology of
55:
171:
61:
152:
104:
39:
246:
Michel, Robert L. (1978). "Tritium
Distributions in Weddell Sea Water Masses".
117:
259:
93:
47:
43:
280:
Foundations for ecological research West of the
Antarctic Peninsula
100:
51:
89:
27:
Series of scientific research expeditions to the Weddell Sea
84:
For example, in 1969 scientists from the Universities of
38:
are a series of scientific research expeditions to the
189:
187:
65:
Weddell Sea ice formation (Shackleton expedition 1916)
32:
International Weddell Sea Oceanographic Expeditions
18:International Weddell Sea Oceanographic Expedition
110:The expeditions were initially led aboard the
8:
42:began in 1967, involving cooperation among
283:. American Geophysical Union. p. 6.
88:(Norway) and Minnesota, Connecticut and
60:
133:
204:
202:
7:
124:was the world's largest icebreaker.
78:, which can be up to 600 m thick.
25:
248:Journal of Geophysical Research
1:
90:California, Los Angeles (USA)
212:[CMR Årsrapport 07]
210:"Har du møtt Peder pingvin?"
330:British Antarctic Territory
376:
355:20th century in Antarctica
350:Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
275:Eileen Elizabeth Hofmann
76:Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
335:Chile and the Antarctic
313:, accessed 1 March 2011
260:10.1029/jc083ic12p06192
196:, accessed 1 March 2011
181:, accessed 5 March 2011
162:, accessed 5 March 2011
143:, accessed 5 March 2011
107:abundance in the area.
71:Antarctic Bottom Water
66:
340:History of Antarctica
64:
345:Argentine Antarctica
218:CMR Annual Report 07
360:1967 in Antarctica
254:(C12): 6192–6198.
177:2014-01-14 at the
158:2011-07-19 at the
67:
290:978-0-87590-891-5
16:(Redirected from
367:
314:
308:
302:
301:
299:
297:
273:Ross, Robin M.;
270:
264:
263:
243:
237:
236:
234:
232:
226:
215:
206:
197:
191:
182:
169:
163:
150:
144:
138:
21:
375:
374:
370:
369:
368:
366:
365:
364:
320:
319:
318:
317:
309:
305:
295:
293:
291:
272:
271:
267:
245:
244:
240:
230:
228:
227:on 24 July 2011
224:
213:
208:
207:
200:
192:
185:
179:Wayback Machine
170:
166:
160:Wayback Machine
151:
147:
139:
135:
130:
103:, a species of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
373:
371:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
322:
321:
316:
315:
303:
289:
265:
238:
198:
183:
164:
145:
132:
131:
129:
126:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
372:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
327:
325:
312:
307:
304:
292:
286:
282:
281:
276:
269:
266:
261:
257:
253:
249:
242:
239:
223:
219:
211:
205:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
168:
165:
161:
157:
154:
149:
146:
142:
137:
134:
127:
125:
123:
119:
115:
114:
113:USCGC Glacier
108:
106:
102:
97:
95:
91:
87:
82:
79:
77:
72:
63:
59:
57:
56:United States
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
306:
294:. Retrieved
279:
268:
251:
247:
241:
229:. Retrieved
222:the original
217:
167:
148:
136:
121:
112:
109:
98:
83:
80:
68:
35:
31:
29:
231:18 February
105:zooplankton
40:Weddell Sea
324:Categories
128:References
118:icebreaker
175:Archived
156:Archived
54:and the
296:1 March
122:Glacier
94:benthos
287:
86:Bergen
48:Canada
44:Norway
225:(PDF)
214:(PDF)
116:, an
101:krill
52:Chile
36:IWSOE
298:2011
285:ISBN
233:2011
30:The
256:doi
34:or
326::
252:83
250:.
216:.
201:^
186:^
58:.
50:,
46:,
300:.
262:.
258::
235:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
