1160:). The reason for the generally slow pace is to improve coordination and balance by increasing the work load, and to require the student to pay minute attention to their whole body and its weight as they perform a technique. At an advanced level, and in actual fighting, internal styles are performed quickly, but the goal is to learn to involve the entire body in every motion, to stay relaxed, with deep, controlled breathing, and to coordinate the motions of the body and the breathing accurately according to the dictates of the forms while maintaining perfect balance.
301:
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External styles are characterized by fast and explosive movements and a focus on physical strength and agility. External styles include both the traditional styles focusing on application and fighting, as well as the modern styles adapted for competition and exercise. Examples of external styles are
1230:
Traditionalists feel that a school not teaching martial aspects somewhere in their syllabus cannot be said to be actually teaching the art itself, that they have accredited themselves prematurely. Traditional teachers also believe that understanding the core theoretical principles of
1188:
Currently, some people believe that there is no difference between "internal" and "external" systems of the
Chinese martial arts, while other well known teachers have expressed differing opinions. For example, the tai chi teacher
1259:
novels and films, and are usually represented as originating in Wudang or similar mythologies. Often, genuine internal practices are highly exaggerated to the point of making them seem miraculous, as in the novels of
1066:
is characterized by its "dragon body" circular movements. Some
Chinese martial arts other than the ones Sun named also teach what are termed internal practices, despite being generally classified as external (e.g.
956:. The generals separated the participants of the tournament into Shaolin and Wudang. Wudang participants were recognized as having "internal" skills. These participants were generally practitioners of tai chi,
1197:
Those who practice leap about with strength and force; people not proficient at this kind of training soon lose their breath and are exhausted. Tai chi is unlike this. Strive for quiescence of body, mind and
1227:. As a health practice, tai chi classes have become popular in hospitals, clinics, community and senior centers as the art's reputation as a low-stress exercise for seniors became better known.
1179:
forms that have spectacular aerial techniques. External styles begin with a training focus on muscular power, speed and application, and generally integrate their
681:
1781:
893:
In 1676 Huang Zongxi's son, Huang Baijia, who learned martial arts from Wang
Zhengnan, compiled the earliest extant manual of internal martial arts, the
952:, and Fung Zuziang organized a national martial arts tournament in China; they did so to screen the best martial artists in order to begin building the
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1804:
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964:. All other participants competed under the classification of Shaolin. One of the winners in the "internal" category was the
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1139:), stretching and strengthening of muscles, as well as on empty hand and weapon forms which can be quite demanding.
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An emphasis on the use of the mind to coordinate the leverage of the relaxed body as opposed to the use of strength.
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is a more specific grouping of internal martial arts named for their association in popular
Chinese legend with the
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Some forms in internal styles are performed slowly, although some include sudden outbursts of explosive movements (
1789:
925:
Physical
Education Research Institute. Sun taught there until 1928, a seminal period in the development of modern
2954:
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to which Huang Zongxi was opposed—was an act of political defiance rather than one of technical classification.
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Internal styles have been associated in legend and in much popular fiction with the Taoist monasteries of the
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aspects. The distinction dates to the 17th century, but its modern application is due to publications by
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1079:. Many martial artists, especially outside of China, disregard the distinction entirely. Some
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that also is internal ). Some non-Chinese martial arts also claim to be internal, for example
1021:
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Sun Lutang identified the following as the criteria that distinguish an internal martial art:
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aspects in advanced training, after their desired "hard" physical level has been reached.
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Much time may nevertheless be spent on basic physical training, such as stance training (
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Art of
Shaolin Kung Fu: The Secrets of Kung Fu for Self-Defense Health and Enlightenment
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2019:
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Woolidge, Doug (June 1997). "T'ai Chi, the
International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan".
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Many internal schools teach forms that are practised for health benefits only. Thus,
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Shahar, Meir (December 2001), "Ming-Period
Evidence of Shaolin Martial Practice",
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and the distinction between internal and external martial arts first appears in
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Power of
Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I
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Yip, Li (Faye) (April 1998). "Principles and
Practice of Sun Style T'ai Chi".
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include: Loosening (song) the soft tissue, opening shoulder and hip gates or
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2014:
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A translation of a book on the subject, titled 'The Science of Nei Jia Quan'
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and the ability to apply them are a necessary gateway to health benefits.
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1449:. Chinese Philosophy and Culture. State University of New York Press.
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indigenous to China and of the external martial arts with the foreign
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707:. It relates to those martial arts occupied with spiritual, mental or
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in spite of its roots in martial arts has become similar in scope to
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or compounded energies. Tai chi is characterized by an ever-present
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are frequently classified (or classify themselves) as "internal".
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653:
373:
1755:, a site devoted to original texts of Neigong, Qigong and Neijia.
1402:
Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii
937:. Sun Lutang also published martial arts texts starting in 1915.
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1909:
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Some other Chinese arts, not in the wudang quan group, such as
1028:. Similarities applying classical principles between tai chi,
162:
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is famous for teaching earlier than some other styles (e.g.
2466:
1107:
989:
709:
360:
1636:
Qi: The Journal of Traditional Eastern Health and Fitness
987:
The internal development, circulation, and expression of
266:
138:
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Internal styles focus on awareness of the spirit, mind,
772:
province. These styles were enumerated by Sun Lutang as
1472:
T'ai Chi, the International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan
1293:
series, Neji Hyūga's name and techniques were based on
1056:
is characterized by its solely forward moving pressing
1749:
1701:, Crandall, Joseph transl, Smiling Tiger Martial Arts
1555:
The Journal of Traditional Eastern Health and Fitness
993:, the "vital energy" of classical Chinese philosophy.
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identification of the internal martial arts with the
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Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty
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111:
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32:
1024:fuses principles from all three arts he named as
1806:Glossary of Neijia Terms with Chinese characters
1357:Daoist Nei Gong: The Philosophical Art of Change
1268:. Internal concepts have also been a source of
1495:
1493:
1850:
1173:, with its direct explosive attacks and many
1117:
1112:
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197:
47:
8:
1772:Internal vs. External, What Sets Them Apart?
1581:"Sports & Fitness Participation Report"
2856:
2845:
1917:
1906:
1857:
1843:
1835:
1130:arts to develop sensitivity and softness.
703:) is the collective name for the internal
682:
668:
283:
224:
82:
1699:Fu Style Dragon Form Eight Trigrams Palms
1122:) leverage rather than muscular tension.
1553:Yip, Y. L. (Autumn 2002). "Pivot – Qi".
725:, dating to the period of 1915 to 1928.
1764:, Martial development, 22 November 2006
1587:. SGMA. 2007. p. 2. Archived from
1393:Henning, Stanley (Autumn–Winter 1994).
1346:
1022:Sun Lutang's eponymous style of tai chi
737:or "internal changes", contrasted with
291:
1432:
1380:
1126:is a training method commonly used in
179:
29:
1044:or intrinsic energy, issuing various
864:. Stanley Henning proposes that the
7:
1697:Fu, Wing Fay; Lai, Zonghong (1998),
921:taught tai chi to the public at the
713:-related aspects, as opposed to an "
1609:Smith, Robert W (1999). "Rose Li".
1761:Defining the Internal Martial Arts
1708:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
1642:(3). Insight Graphics Publishers.
1561:(3). Insight Graphics Publishers.
1113:
25:
2777:Marine Corps Martial Arts Program
1830:, Jonathan.bluestein, 19 May 2013
1395:"Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan"
3282:Chinese martial arts terminology
3245:
3235:
2742:Historical European martial arts
1634:Yip, YL (Autumn 2002). "Pivot".
1083:schools refer to their arts as "
1017:principles of external movement.
299:
3246:
1360:. Singing Dragon. p. 213.
267:
163:
139:
1585:USA Sports Participation Study
1253:are a common theme in Chinese
311:Styles of Chinese martial arts
246:
198:
118:
104:
48:
1:
27:Group of Chinese martial arts
1508:(3). Wayfarer Publications.
1478:(2). Wayfarer Publications.
752:) or "external exercises" .
317:List of Chinese martial arts
293:Chinese martial arts (Wushu)
1809:, Sammasich, archived from
3298:
1206:
1094:
3231:
2855:
2844:
1916:
1905:
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1118:
861:Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan
278:
223:
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205:
187:
174:
81:
69:
55:
37:
1408:(3): 1–7. Archived from
1111:and the use of relaxed (
954:Central Guoshu Institute
788:, but most also include
193:Traditional Chinese
2974:Former official sports
2402:Northern Praying Mantis
1977:Mainland Southeast Asia
1530:. North Atlantic Books.
1354:Mitchell, Damo (2014).
1272:, such as in the films
644:Vietnamese martial arts
634:Hong Kong action cinema
2813:Professional wrestling
2480:Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu
1539:Wong Kiew Kit (2002).
1526:Francis, B.K. (1998).
1445:Wile, Douglas (1995).
1200:
731:is developed by using
717:" approach focused on
482:Historical individuals
2909:Demonstration sports
1207:Further information:
1195:
1150:Chen style of tai chi
1148:), such as those the
1095:Further information:
1052:or expanding energy.
488:Emperor Taizu of Song
18:Internal Martial Arts
3277:Chinese martial arts
3169:Martial arts at the
3124:Martial arts at the
3054:Martial arts at the
3009:Martial arts at the
2989:Invitational sports
2939:Martial arts at the
2860:Martial arts at the
2782:Pencak Silat Harimau
2620:Pencak Silat Harimau
2552:Submission wrestling
2257:Luta Livre esportiva
1690:Pa Kwa Chang Journal
1682:Pa Kwa Chang Journal
1674:Pa Kwa Chang Journal
1666:Pa Kwa Chang Journal
1659:General bibliography
705:Chinese martial arts
558:Ten Tigers of Canton
391:Historical locations
2850:International games
2532:Full contact karate
2522:Professional boxing
2237:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
996:The application of
905:Beginning in 1914,
764:monasteries of the
287:Part of a series on
3012:Pan American Games
2689:Hokutoryu Ju-Jutsu
2600:Jieitaikakutōjutsu
2537:Mixed martial arts
1247:in central China.
794:and the legendary
570:Modern celebrities
3259:
3258:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2803:Martial arts film
1456:978-0-7914-2654-8
1367:978-1-84819-065-8
950:Chang Chih-chiang
935:Sun-style tai chi
901:Republic of China
825:(Nature Boxing),
692:
691:
611:Zhang Jin (actor)
429:Legendary figures
412:Shaolin Monastery
282:
281:
274:
273:
262:Yale Romanization
234:Standard Mandarin
178:
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170:
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92:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
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1321:Neo-Confucianism
1245:Wudang Mountains
1203:Current practice
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1120:
1116:
1087:" martial arts.
870:
766:Wudang Mountains
684:
677:
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417:Wudang Mountains
397:Kunlun Mountains
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268:mou5 dong1 kyun4
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2457:Yoshukai Karate
2417:Shaolin kung fu
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2194:Practice weapon
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2003:
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1922:Regional origin
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1171:Shaolin kung fu
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1164:Characteristics
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465:Eight Immortals
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77:internal family
74:Literal meaning
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3172:European Games
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2747:Huiyen Lallong
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2704:Shorinji Kempo
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2674:American Kenpo
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1829:
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1823:
1813:on 2011-07-15
1812:
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1792:on 2007-09-28
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1620:1-893765-00-8
1616:
1613:. Via Media.
1612:
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1591:on 2012-12-10
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1415:on 2011-02-23
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523:Wong Fei-hung
521:
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503:Dong Haichuan
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479:
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460:Li Ching-Yuen
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455:Yim Wing-chun
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445:Zhang Sanfeng
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3108:Pencak silat
2818:Stage combat
2772:Mardani khel
2694:Jeet Kune Do
2652:Silat Melayu
2615:Pencak silat
2567:Self-defense
2509:Full contact
2496:
2484:
2422:Shoot boxing
2362:Chess boxing
2262:Malla-yuddha
2199:Punching bag
2189:Boxing glove
2046:Leg strikes
2025:Elbow strike
2011:Arm strikes
1866:Martial arts
1826:
1815:, retrieved
1811:the original
1805:
1794:, retrieved
1790:the original
1785:
1782:"Neijia FAQ"
1771:
1760:
1750:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1665:
1639:
1635:
1629:
1610:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:the original
1584:
1575:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1522:
1505:
1501:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1446:
1440:
1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1410:the original
1405:
1401:
1388:
1376:
1356:
1349:
1332:
1325:
1313:
1306:
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915:Yang Chengfu
911:Yang Shaohou
904:
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888:Qing Dynasty
865:
859:
856:Huang Zongxi
851:
849:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
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796:Wudang Sword
789:
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754:
749:
738:
732:
726:
708:
695:
694:
693:
639:Kung fu film
606:Vincent Zhao
450:Fong Sai-yuk
379:Yin and yang
366:
359:
354:
337:
247:wǔ dāng quán
241:Hanyu Pinyin
215:wǔ dāng quán
211:Hanyu Pinyin
99:Hanyu Pinyin
61:Hanyu Pinyin
3057:Asian Games
2942:World Games
2904:Greco-Roman
2724:Battlefield
2684:Chun Kuk Do
2627:Suffrajitsu
2437:Tang Soo Do
2312:Greco-Roman
2065:Knee strike
1982:Philippines
1433:Shahar 2001
1381:Shahar 2001
1191:Wu Jianquan
1136:zhan zhuang
970:Fu Zhensong
919:Wu Jianquan
828:Bok Foo Pai
816:Bak Mei Pai
591:Jackie Chan
543:Wang Ziping
538:Huo Yuanjia
508:Yang Luchan
498:Hong Xiguan
470:Five Elders
440:Bodhidharma
148:Eastern Min
3266:Categories
3099:2018 Only
2960:Kickboxing
2714:Qwan Ki Do
2642:To-Shin Do
2572:combatives
2542:Pankration
2527:Kickboxing
2498:Xingyiquan
2486:Baguazhang
2452:Wudangquan
2382:Kickboxing
2277:Shuai jiao
2087:Joint lock
2004:techniques
1817:2007-11-25
1796:2006-12-19
1595:2007-08-18
1419:2006-08-17
1198:intention.
1085:soft style
1063:Baguazhang
1054:Xingyiquan
1034:baquazhang
976:Sun Lutang
966:baguazhang
962:baguazhang
958:xingyiquan
946:Li Jinglin
942:Kuomintang
907:Sun Lutang
846:Qing China
785:baguazhang
779:xingyiquan
757:Wudangquan
723:Sun Lutang
601:Donnie Yen
586:Sammo Hung
581:Bolo Yeung
528:Sun Lutang
518:Wu Quanyou
513:Chan Heung
402:Mount Emei
183:Wudangquan
113:Wade–Giles
3215:Wrestling
3210:Taekwondo
3160:Wrestling
3155:Taekwondo
3090:Wrestling
3085:Taekwondo
3045:Wrestling
3040:Taekwondo
2983:Taekwondo
2965:Muay Thai
2900:freestyle
2896:Wrestling
2891:Taekwondo
2767:Krav Maga
2679:Angampora
2647:Wing Chun
2605:Krav Maga
2595:Kajukenbo
2557:Vale Tudo
2432:Taekwondo
2397:Muay Thai
2387:Kun Khmer
2317:Mongolian
2307:freestyle
2287:Wrestling
2246:Para judo
2224:Grappling
2077:Grappling
2015:Chokehold
1945:Indonesia
1648:1056-4004
1567:1056-4004
1543:. Tuttle.
1514:0730-1049
1484:0730-1049
1341:Citations
1069:Wing Chun
944:generals
940:In 1928,
883:—and the
850:The term
810:liuhebafa
616:Dennis To
576:Bruce Lee
548:Chen Fake
533:Li Shuwen
407:Mount Hua
140:noi6 gaa1
3200:Muaythai
2950:Ju-jitsu
2823:Tricking
2807:Chanbara
2709:Unifight
2662:Eclectic
2637:Taekkyon
2585:Bartitsu
2467:Internal
2357:Capoeira
2339:Striking
2267:Pehlwani
2214:Sparring
2176:Training
2164:Shooting
2109:Stand-up
2097:Takedown
2050:Footwork
2040:Headbutt
2002:Unarmed
1887:Timeline
1775:, Shenwu
1736:91180380
1502:T'ai Chi
1301:See also
1262:Jin Yong
1091:Training
1077:Kito Ryu
1060:energy.
1050:peng jin
877:Buddhism
858:'s 1669
822:ziranmen
791:bajiquan
715:external
134:Jyutping
119:nei chia
3251:Outline
3185:Fencing
3140:Fencing
3075:Jujutsu
3025:Fencing
2876:Fencing
2752:Jujutsu
2737:Bokator
2732:Banshay
2666:hybrids
2632:Systema
2590:Hapkido
2492:Tai chi
2447:Vovinam
2392:Lethwei
2297:Cornish
2252:Jujutsu
2209:Randori
2159:Archery
2119:Weapons
1992:Vietnam
1965:Okinawa
1955:Ireland
1950:Italian
1892:Records
1882:History
1751:Neigong
1728:3558572
1327:Taijitu
1308:Dantian
1287:In the
1266:Gu Long
1239:Fiction
1215:tai chi
1209:Tai chi
1101:Neigong
1014:neigong
968:master
923:Beijing
881:Shaolin
866:Epitaph
841:History
774:tai chi
750:wàigōng
739:waigong
734:neigong
628:Related
493:Yue Fei
435:Guan Yu
350:Neigong
345:Kung fu
333:Chin Na
164:nô̤i-gă
105:nèi jiā
65:nèi jiā
43:Chinese
3272:Neijia
3241:Portal
3195:Karate
3180:Boxing
3150:Karate
3135:Boxing
3103:Kurash
3080:Karate
3065:Boxing
3035:Karate
3020:Boxing
2993:Aikido
2955:Karate
2928:Savate
2886:Karate
2871:Boxing
2699:Shooto
2475:Aikido
2427:Savate
2377:Karate
2352:Boxing
2232:Barróg
2060:Flying
2035:Ground
2030:Clinch
1987:Russia
1935:Europe
1734:
1726:
1646:
1617:
1565:
1512:
1482:
1453:
1364:
1334:Waijia
1315:Neidan
1295:neijia
1290:Naruto
1270:comedy
1251:Neijia
1233:neijia
1220:qigong
1182:qigong
1145:fa jin
1128:neijia
1097:Daoyin
1081:neijia
1073:Aikido
1058:ji jin
1032:, and
1030:xingyi
1026:neijia
1011:, and
1008:qigong
1002:daoyin
998:Taoist
885:Manchu
873:Taoism
869:'s
852:neijia
834:yiquan
804:qigong
762:Taoist
728:Neijin
696:Neijia
596:Jet Li
553:Ip Man
368:Qigong
355:Neijia
339:Fa jin
155:Fuzhou
33:Neijia
3205:Sambo
3113:Sambo
3095:Wushu
2998:Wushu
2978:Sambo
2923:Glima
2828:Wuxia
2610:MCMAP
2580:Arnis
2412:Sanda
2372:Dambe
2347:Bando
2327:shoot
2292:catch
2272:Sambo
2102:Throw
2092:Sweep
2070:Stomp
2020:Punch
1972:Korea
1960:Japan
1940:India
1930:China
1732:S2CID
1724:JSTOR
1413:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1256:wuxia
1176:wushu
770:Hubei
654:Wuxia
374:Shifu
327:Terms
3190:Judo
3145:Judo
3070:Judo
3030:Judo
2970:Sumo
2913:Budō
2881:Judo
2302:folk
2282:Sumo
2242:Judo
2184:Kata
2127:Duel
2082:Hold
2055:Kick
1644:ISSN
1615:ISBN
1563:ISSN
1510:ISSN
1480:ISSN
1451:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1278:and
1264:and
1156:and
1154:Yang
1114:sōng
1099:and
1075:and
960:and
933:and
927:Yang
917:and
831:and
782:and
2322:oil
1716:doi
1046:jin
1038:gua
879:of
768:in
199:武當拳
158:BUC
3268::
2902:,
2664:/
1786:Qi
1784:,
1730:,
1722:,
1712:61
1710:,
1640:12
1638:.
1583:.
1559:12
1557:.
1506:21
1504:.
1492:^
1476:22
1474:.
1404:.
1400:.
1297:.
1284:.
1225:qi
1193::
1158:Wu
1108:qi
1042:qi
1005:,
990:qi
972:.
948:,
931:Wu
929:,
913:,
897:.
819:,
813:,
807:,
798:.
776:,
748:;
710:qi
701:內家
361:Qi
49:內家
2906:)
2898:(
2809:)
2805:(
2569:/
2511:/
2248:)
2244:(
1858:e
1851:t
1844:v
1821:.
1800:.
1777:.
1766:.
1718::
1650:.
1623:.
1598:.
1569:.
1516:.
1486:.
1459:.
1422:.
1406:2
1370:.
1119:鬆
746:功
743:外
741:(
699:(
683:e
676:t
669:v
20:)
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