828:
takes it to I-80). In 2003, Caltrans began work on a retrofitting project to replace the western approach to the Bay Bridge. This retrofitting was part of a larger, $ 6-billion project to upgrade the aging Bay Bridge to modern earthquake standards, which included replacing the entire eastern span. In late 2005, Caltrans began the demolition of the original western approach after traffic was routed onto a temporary bypass structure. The western approach to the Bay Bridge was completed in 2009; the entire project was completed in 2013. As a result of this retrofitting project, all old parts of the approach have been replaced, removing the last traces of the
Embarcadero Freeway. The Doyle Drive Replacement Project, completed in stages between 2012 and 2015, then replaced Doyle Drive with an entirely new freeway segment called Presidio Parkway, and the intersection with Marina Boulevard was converted to a
841:
1008:
729:, then along the north side of Bay Street to the Embarcadero and south along the Embarcadero to connect with the Embarcadero Freeway. The section between the Golden Gate Bridge (including an upgraded Doyle Drive) and Van Ness Ave. would have been named the Golden Gate Freeway; the rest of the freeway east of Van Ness Avenue would have been the extended originally planned full length of the Embarcadero Freeway, originally planned to extend from Van Ness Avenue to the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge—going east first down the north side of Bay Street, then going southeast curving around the base of
1920:"An act to amend Sections 253.1, 253.2, 253.3, 253.4, 253.5, 253.7, 263.1, 263.2, 263.3, 263.4, 263.6, 263.7, 263.8, 301, 302, 305, 310, 316, 317, 318, 323, 325, 326, 330, 332, 335, 336, 337, 349, 361, 377, 384, 386, 389, 396, 397, 399, 404, 408, 414, 421, 438, 449, 460, 463, 472, 480, 485, 493, 507, 521, 544, 551, 560, 562, 566, 580, 618, and 619 of, to amend and renumber Sections 307.1, 307.2, and 317.2 of, to add Sections 403, 409, 511, 622, and 625 to, and to repeal Sections 307 and 508 of, the Streets and Highways Code, relating to state highways"
770:
524:
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752:) south to the Bay Bridge approach legally became part of I-280 (to allow I-280 to meet I-80), now named the Southern Embarcadero Freeway. These changes were made to the state highway system in 1968; the legislative designation of Route 480 was truncated only slightly, with the 5.47 miles (8.80 km) from I-280 to SR 1 remaining, though downgraded to SR 480; this extension of I-280 south (the Junipero Serra Freeway) is considered the southern terminus of Junipero Serra Boulevard.
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associated ramps at Main and Beale streets. The strongest opposition came from
Chinatown, led by Pak, along with other neighborhoods north of downtown. Merchants in Chinatown had suffered a dramatic decline in business in the months immediately following the earthquake and feared that if the freeway was not reopened they would not recover.
897:, which calls for the development of over 2,500 new homes, 3,000,000 square feet (280,000 m) of new office and commercial space, and 100,000 square feet (9,300 m) of retail. The demolition of the freeway and redevelopment of the Embarcadero has been cited by urban planners from jurisdictions around the world studying
2827:
811:
Agnos continued to negotiate with federal and state officials to win enough funding to make the demolition practical, arguing that the city would squander "the opportunity of a lifetime" if it allowed the freeway to remain. After months of debate, the Board of
Supervisors narrowly voted in favor of
807:
Opposition to demolishing the freeway mounted again, with over 20,000 signatures gathered in attempt to require another city vote. Prior to the earthquake, the
Embarcadero Freeway carried approximately 70,000 vehicles daily in the vicinity of the Ferry Building. Another 40,000 vehicles per day used
827:
that formerly carried traffic to the freeway. This part was rebuilt as part of the Bay Bridge retrofit project (I-280 was never finished to that interchange, and its northern terminus was reconfigured to its present-day King Street on/off ramps in 1997, though I-280's legislative definition still
760:
on the
Embarcadero Freeway where these connections would have been built near Howard Street and Broadway, respectively. These unbuilt segments caused Caltrans to sign the completed freeway segment from the Bay Bridge approach/I-80 near First Street to The Embarcadero as part of SR 480 instead of
890:, which itself was remodeled into an upscale gourmet marketplace in 2003. Other new parks include Pier 14 Public Pier, Rincon Park near Folsom Street, and the Brannan Street Wharf. The former on-ramp at Broadway and Sansome streets was redeveloped into 75 low-income housing units.
924:
cut off the downtown from the water that gave birth to it, and it left the iconic Ferry
Building – a statuesque survivor of the 1906 – stranded behind a dark wall of car exhaust and noise. Oppressive does not begin to describe it... Take a walk today on the
755:
A direct freeway connection from I-280 to either SR 480 or I-80 was never completed, leaving I-280 terminating in mid-air at Third Street. The Golden Gate
Freeway also was never built to connect to Doyle Drive and the Golden Gate Bridge. This left
696:
to pass
Resolution 45–59 in January 1959, opposing certain freeways, including the remainder of I-480. The freeway revolt continued after a new freeway plan was proposed in 1964, with a major protest on May 17, 1964–200,000 people rallied in
720:
The proposed section as replanned in 1964 would have extended not from the
Lombard Street exit of Doyle Drive along Lombard Street as originally planned in 1955, but from the Marina Boulevard exit off Doyle Drive, through the
800:(Caltrans) planned to retain and retrofit the freeway. Various groups inside and outside the city supported the Caltrans plan, but there was a significant opinion within the city in favor of removing the freeway. Then-Mayor
823:. The northwest section along Doyle Drive was transferred to US 101. The only piece of the Embarcadero Freeway to remain was the beginning of the ramp from the Bay Bridge to Fremont Street, including a short
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947:
unveiled a monument at Pier 14 to Mayor Agnos honoring his vision, noting: "This pedestrian pier commemorates the achievement of Mayor Agnos in leaving our city better and stronger than he found it."
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983:
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In the 1980s, opposition to the
Embarcadero Freeway resurfaced in proposals to demolish it. The proposal was put to the voters in 1986 and defeated, opposed in particular by influential
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as a double-decked structure between Van Ness Avenue and Polk Street north to Clay Street, then as a single-deck depressed freeway north to Broadway, where it would have tunneled under
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2130:
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1821:
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Construction of the Embarcadero commenced in May, 1955, starting with its connection to the Bay bridge approach where the new Bayshore Freeway tie-in had just been completed.
531:. I-480 would have run along the north side of the city, while I-280 would run south along the peninsula. I-80 was to have run past the east end of I-480 to end at I-280.
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Along the north side of Folsom Street between Essex and Spear streets, former freeway right-of-way was transferred to the City of San Francisco and included in the
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939:-mile promenade between Fisherman's Wharf on the north and China Basin on the south, and it's hard to believe that an elevated freeway ever scarred the open air.
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and the Embarcadero Freeway as originally planned would have extended from Van Ness along the north side of Bay Street and then along the Embarcadero to the
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55:
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in 2016 credited her for "almost single-handedly persuad the city to build" the Central Subway to compensate Chinatown for the loss of the freeway.
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1814:"15 Seconds that Changed San Francisco: The Sweeping Makeover that Transformed the City Began 15 Years Ago Today with the Loma Prieta Earthquake"
1990:
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639:, an early freeway built to access the Golden Gate Bridge. After some discussion, the I-480 number was assigned on November 10, 1958. (
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proposed demolishing the freeway in favor of a boulevard with an underpass at the Ferry Building to allow for a large plaza.
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59:
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https://archive.org/details/californiahighwa196465calirich/page/n655/mode/2up?view=theater&q=%22Embarcadero+Freeway%22
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1542:, Official Journal of the Division of Highways, Department of Public Works, State of California, March-April, 1956, p.5
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California Highways (www.cahighways.org) San Francisco-Bay Area Freeway Development (Part 1—The City of San Francisco)
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789:, who feared that Chinatown would suffer catastrophic consequences if it lost this fast crosstown connection.
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1485:, a former elevated freeway in Boston (Interstate 93) that was rerouted into a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) tunnel.
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2513:
1444:
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744:. The route was deleted from the Interstate Highway System in January 1968, and I-280 was rerouted north of
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2544:
2404:
1711:
1469:, a former elevated freeway along the Seattle waterfront that was demolished and replaced by the two-mile
1090:
528:
1491:, a former elevated freeway along the West Side waterfront in Manhattan that was partially replaced with
989:
Ramps and interchanges between Bay Bridge, I-80, and the Embarcadero Freeway prior to the 1989 earthquake
507:, from 1955 to 1965. The entire route was removed in 1991, approximately two years after the earthquake.
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Community organizer Rose Pak, who had fought to preserve the Embarcadero Freeway, later lobbied for the
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745:
652:
95:
1968:
861:
1998:
1214:
2076:"Rincon Park Opens Today: City's Newest Two-Acre Park and Public Open Space on the S.F. Waterfront"
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and meeting at Broadway, the former end of the actually built section of the Embarcadero Freeway.
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at the same time. The short piece of former I-480 from the junction with new I-280 (previously
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613:
1206:
879:
864:
706:
698:
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Alternatives to replacement of the Embarcadero Freeway and the Terminal Separator Structure
17:
2377:(Report). US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. August 28, 1995
1632:
898:
702:
685:, opened on February 5, 1959. The Clay Street and Washington Street ramps opened in 1965.
659:
597:
469:
468:
and the proposed and unbuilt section in between. The unbuilt section from Doyle Drive to
2050:"Grand Opening of Pier 14 Public Pier and Dedication Ceremony to former Mayor Art Agnos"
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643:, as originally planned, ran south from the west end of I-480 along SR 1, through the
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2020:
857:
740:, Route 480 was legally designated for the full route of I-480, including the US 101
453:
449:
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198:
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710:
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623:
LR 224, as well as Route 2 (US 101) from Route 224 west to the junction with
1660:
Transportation Section of the Master Plan of the City and County of San Francisco
483:
The Embarcadero Freeway, which had only been constructed from Broadway along the
1028:
636:
37:
954:
to be built to extend the Muni Metro's T Third Street Line into Chinatown. The
2353:
1858:
1434:
1177:
875:
848:
Along the waterfront, the former freeway was replaced with a wide, palm-lined
812:
demolition by a 6–5 margin. Demolition began on February 27, 1991. That year,
726:
316:
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2348:
796:
significantly damaged the structure, causing it to be closed to traffic. The
2100:
1889:
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824:
801:
757:
677:
The first section of the Embarcadero Freeway, from the Bay Bridge approach (
140:
2271:"The Next Big Thing: Should the People Control the Fate of the Waterfront?"
2049:
1176:
Buses only from I-80 west; northbound exit and southbound entrance; former
816:
for re-election as Pak and Chinatown switched their support away from him.
786:
868:
541:
456:, California, United States, consisting of the elevated double-decker
2179:"Case Studies in Urban Freeway Removal (Seattle Urban Mobility Plan)"
1570:"Embarcadero: Thirty Miles of Piles Used on New S.F. Freeway Viaduct"
2354:
YouTube – 1984 drive on the San Francisco Embarcadero Freeway (5:29)
1346:
South end of US 101 overlap; southbound exit and northbound entrance
495:, until being replaced in 2015 by the Presidio Parkway. SR 480 was
2216:. Massachusetts Department of Transportation. September 13, 2011.
1513:
839:
768:
522:
514:
819:
Meanwhile, the state legislature deleted SR 480 from the state's
2393:
2302:"Rose Pak flashes red light on Stockton Street pedestrian mall"
1022:
154:
SR 480 highlighted in red; unbuilt portion highlighted in blue
31:
1682:"January 1, 2006 California Log of Bridges on State Highways"
878:
light rail lines were extended to run along the Embarcadero.
1964:
1423:
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
761:
I-280, and Doyle Drive to be only signed as part of US 101.
1774:"Reflections on the Loma Prieta Earthquake, 20 Years Later"
1479:– the only remaining similar freeway in the Bay Area.
1568:
Brown, Douglas R.; Higgins, Donald R. (March–April 1959).
1414:
North end of US 101/SR 1 overlap; continuation beyond the
882:
replaced the Washington Street off-ramp just north of the
616:). Its alignment was roughly along Lombard Street and the
2081:(Press release). Port of San Francisco. February 13, 2003
2359:
Map of Golden Gate Freeway route alternatives from 1965
1886:"Rose Pak, S.F. Chinatown Political Leader, Dies at 68"
916:
In a 2004 retrospective of the Loma Prieta earthquake,
608:(pre-1964 Legislative Route 68) at the west end of the
1861:. Federal Highway Administration. February 27, 1991.
1089:
The following is an exit list of SR 480 prior to the
2244:"Looking for the future of the Gardiner Expressway"
2023:. San Francisco Recreation & Parks Department.
1991:"Smith: It's wrecked, but it's still 'Doyle Drive'"
773:Section of the Embarcadero Freeway in front of the
705:spoke at the rally (among others), and folk singer
567:
557:
537:
464:), the partly elevated Doyle Drive approach to the
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322:
312:
302:
297:
265:
228:
220:
215:
204:
185:
180:
172:
159:
136:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
886:, and Ferry Plaza was constructed in front of the
2874:Cancelled highway projects in the United States
1913:
1911:
635:on September 15, 1955. This included the 1936
2405:
717:, which she sang at the anti-freeway rally).
8:
1767:
1765:
1763:
487:to the Bay Bridge, was demolished after the
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1684:. California Department of Transportation.
1057:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
527:1955 map of the planned Interstates in the
2412:
2398:
2390:
2129:. Chinatown Community Development Center.
1843:"Quake Renews Embarcadero Freeway Fight".
1705:
1703:
1102:
402:
2044:
2042:
1742:"San Francisco, CA – Embarcadero Freeway"
1647:San Francisco Department of City Planning
1077:Learn how and when to remove this message
658:The original 1955 plan was to extend the
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2879:Demolished highways in the United States
2052:. Port of San Francisco. June 15, 2006.
1514:"South Access to the Golden Gate Bridge"
709:sang (she was most famous for her song "
2312:from the original on September 19, 2016
2242:Adelman, Michelle (February 22, 2014).
1722:from the original on September 17, 2016
1710:Wildermuth, John (September 19, 2009).
1505:
1219:Southbound exit and northbound entrance
1150:Southbound exit and northbound entrance
967:
798:California Department of Transportation
519:Map of the Embarcadero Freeway (purple)
1824:from the original on December 23, 2014
1628:
1617:
534:
133:
2159:from the original on October 11, 2012
1971:from the original on November 4, 2017
1865:from the original on October 23, 2020
1688:from the original on November 5, 2016
1520:from the original on January 20, 2013
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7:
2300:Matier & Ross (August 7, 2016).
1950:California Streets and Highways Code
1884:Shafer, Scott (September 19, 2016).
1645:"San Francisco Freeway Plan", 1964
1599:California Highways and Public Works
1574:California Highways and Public Works
1540:California Highways and Public Works
1055:adding citations to reliable sources
1013:Embarcadero Freeway in February 1982
920:architecture critic John King wrote:
701:against any more new freeways. Poet
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2869:Former state highways in California
2269:Eskenazi, Joe (February 12, 2014).
1965:"Bay Bridge Seismic Safety Project"
1930:. State of California. Ch. 409 (
1784:from the original on March 22, 2017
1597:"Bay Area Freeways", Alan S. Hart,
1162:Northbound exit only from I-80 west
651:, to join its present alignment in
491:, and Doyle Drive was then part of
2250:from the original on March 2, 2014
1896:from the original on July 24, 2022
1748:from the original on June 19, 2015
694:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
25:
2281:from the original on May 31, 2014
2223:from the original on June 1, 2014
2133:from the original on June 1, 2014
2107:from the original on June 1, 2014
2056:from the original on June 1, 2014
2027:from the original on June 1, 2014
905:, (demolished in 2020), Boston's
725:and then along the north side of
584:) was defined in 1947 to connect
2825:
2364:California @ AARoads.com – I-480
1451:
1437:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1362:
1356:
1330:
1324:
1196:
1190:
1131:
1125:
1027:
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994:
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970:
610:San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge
540:
478:San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
423:
408:
274:
269:
250:
235:
189:
139:
36:
2889:San Francisco Bay Area freeways
1847:. November 16, 1989. p. 1.
1812:King, John (October 17, 2004).
1772:Agnos, Art (October 17, 2009).
1371:south (Park Presidio Boulevard)
1172:San Francisco Transbay Terminal
1001:Embarcadero Freeway around 1988
854:San Francisco Municipal Railway
47:needs additional citations for
2338:photo of the freeway from 1987
2184:. January 2008. Archived from
1557:. February 4, 1959. p. 3.
901:projects, including Seattle's
765:Demise and eventual demolition
1:
2894:Viaducts in the United States
2343:Congress for the New Urbanism
2127:"Broadway-Sansome Apartments"
1997:. May 1, 2012. Archived from
1483:John F. Fitzgerald Expressway
1459:San Francisco Bay Area portal
977:Embarcadero Structure in 1978
681:) near First Street north to
503:), an auxiliary route of the
2466:
1926:Session of the Legislature.
888:San Francisco Ferry Building
777:during demolition (May 1991)
590:pre-1964 Legislative Route 2
472:was to have been called the
346:State highways in California
71:"California State Route 480"
27:Former highway in California
2369:California Highways: SR 480
2155:. Transbay Transit Center.
1918:California State Assembly.
1477:Interstate 280 (California)
1093:and subsequent demolition.
895:Transbay Redevelopment Plan
794:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
489:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
18:Interstate 480 (California)
2915:
1859:"FHWA By Day: February 27"
1744:. Preservation Institute.
1614:. May 18, 1964. p. 1.
1489:West Side Elevated Highway
1314:Continuation beyond US 101
856:tracks in the median. The
2845:
2834:
2823:
2435:
2211:"Retiring Infrastructure"
2103:. Port of San Francisco.
1553:"Freeway Open Tomorrow".
1422:
1413:
1380:
1374:South end of SR 1 overlap
1373:
1352:
1345:
1320:
1313:
1308:
1301:
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1111:
1108:
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821:Streets and Highways Code
633:Interstate Highway System
592:) at the intersection of
562:San Francisco, California
553:
505:Interstate Highway System
401:
341:
332:
293:
164:
152:
1584:– via Archive.org.
1096:The entire route was in
2336:San Francisco Chronicle
2306:San Francisco Chronicle
1845:San Francisco Chronicle
1818:San Francisco Chronicle
1716:San Francisco Chronicle
1612:San Francisco Chronicle
1555:San Francisco Chronicle
1445:California Roads portal
957:San Francisco Chronicle
918:San Francisco Chronicle
844:The Embarcadero in 2011
666:to connect with I-480.
2884:Roads in San Francisco
2345:History of Embarcadero
2101:"Brannan Street Wharf"
1928:Statutes of California
1712:"Chinatown's champion"
1601:, May-June, 1965, p.35
1091:Loma Prieta earthquake
943:On June 16, 2006, the
941:
862:F Market & Wharves
845:
778:
532:
529:San Francisco Bay Area
520:
1493:an at-grade boulevard
1471:State Route 99 Tunnel
945:Port of San Francisco
922:
843:
772:
578:Legislative Route 224
526:
518:
2153:"Redevelopment Plan"
1516:. Presidio Parkway.
1051:improve this section
785:community organizer
56:improve this article
1967:. Bay Bridge Info.
1778:The Huffington Post
1467:Alaskan Way Viaduct
1297:Southbound entrance
1267:Southbound entrance
1243:Southbound entrance
911:Gardiner Expressway
903:Alaskan Way Viaduct
830:diamond interchange
631:, was added to the
474:Golden Gate Freeway
460:(also known as the
458:Embarcadero Freeway
229:Major intersections
181:Embarcadero Freeway
2021:"Sue Bierman Park"
1416:Golden Gate Bridge
1410:Golden Gate Bridge
884:Embarcadero Center
865:heritage streetcar
846:
814:Agnos was defeated
779:
629:Golden Gate Bridge
533:
521:
466:Golden Gate Bridge
462:Embarcadero Skyway
288:Golden Gate Bridge
266:Northwest end
247:) in San Francisco
221:Southeast end
205:Northwest end
186:Southeast end
2856:
2855:
2191:on March 30, 2015
2001:on March 13, 2014
1963:Bay Bridge Info.
1627:Missing or empty
1428:
1427:
1252:Washington Street
1087:
1086:
1079:
614:Transbay Terminal
575:
574:
439:
438:
435:
434:
160:Route information
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2906:
2829:
2828:
2429:
2423:
2422:Auxiliary routes
2414:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
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690:freeway revolt
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588:(US 101,
586:U.S. Route 101
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67:Find sources:
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45:This article
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2750:Pennsylvania
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2379:. Retrieved
2335:
2316:February 26,
2314:. Retrieved
2305:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2274:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2246:. CBC News.
2237:
2225:. Retrieved
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2186:the original
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2147:
2135:. Retrieved
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2029:. Retrieved
2015:
2003:. Retrieved
1999:the original
1994:
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1958:
1949:
1940:
1927:
1898:. Retrieved
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
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1826:. Retrieved
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1786:. Retrieved
1777:
1750:. Retrieved
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1715:
1690:. Retrieved
1676:
1659:
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1629:|title=
1611:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1576:. p. 35
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1534:
1522:. Retrieved
1508:
1240:Beale Street
1112:Destinations
1095:
1088:
1073:
1067:October 2022
1064:
1049:Please help
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723:Marina Green
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715:urban sprawl
711:Little Boxes
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670:Construction
664:Russian Hill
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112:October 2022
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54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1975:January 26,
1869:January 26,
1692:January 26,
1524:January 26,
1402:US 101
1337:US 101
1264:Clay Street
1228:Main Street
1203:US 101
867:lines, and
742:concurrency
692:caused the
637:Doyle Drive
618:Embarcadero
582:LR 224
485:Embarcadero
414:US 466
280:US 101
241:US 101
216:Doyle Drive
2863:Categories
2799:New Jersey
2441:California
1932:Direct URL
1924:1983–1984
1500:References
1178:Key System
1142:Bay Bridge
876:Muni Metro
758:ramp stubs
750:SR 87
727:Fort Mason
612:(near the
606:US 50
602:US 40
354:Interstate
317:California
82:newspapers
2381:March 18,
2275:SF Weekly
2163:April 11,
1934:)p. 1761.
1620:cite news
1406:SR 1
1369:SR 1
1144:) –
1038:does not
1019:Exit list
850:boulevard
825:ramp stub
802:Art Agnos
783:Chinatown
746:Daly City
653:Daly City
627:near the
625:SR 1
571:1955–1968
284:SR 1
256:SR 1
176:1968–1991
2849:Proposed
2686:Illinois
2608:Nebraska
2595:Colorado
2588:Business
2569:Business
2533:Business
2502:Business
2310:Archived
2279:Archived
2248:Archived
2218:Archived
2157:Archived
2131:Archived
2105:Archived
2054:Archived
2025:Archived
1969:Archived
1900:July 24,
1894:Archived
1863:Archived
1822:Archived
1782:Archived
1746:Archived
1720:Archived
1686:Archived
1668:51930208
1662:. 1955.
1580:June 21,
1518:Archived
1431:See also
1418:approach
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1292:Broadway
1277:Broadway
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787:Rose Pak
683:Broadway
558:Location
448:) was a
394:Freeways
323:Counties
298:Location
286: /
282: /
209:Broadway
167:Caltrans
2577:Wyoming
2285:May 31,
2254:May 31,
2227:May 31,
2195:May 31,
2137:May 31,
2111:May 31,
2085:May 31,
2060:May 31,
2031:May 31,
1890:KQED-TV
1828:June 8,
1788:June 8,
1752:May 31,
1339:south (
1205:south (
1146:Oakland
1059:removed
1044:sources
964:Gallery
934:⁄
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736:In the
568:Existed
511:History
389:Deleted
374:History
303:Country
173:Existed
96:scholar
2838:Former
2728:-->
2522:Nevada
2509:Oregon
2005:May 2,
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1140:east (
836:Legacy
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2221:(PDF)
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2189:(PDF)
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2079:(PDF)
1180:ramps
1115:Notes
852:with
641:I-280
600:with
501:I-480
429:I-505
364:State
313:State
103:JSTOR
89:books
2737:480N
2705:Ohio
2647:Iowa
2558:Utah
2550:180N
2383:2018
2318:2022
2287:2014
2256:2014
2229:2014
2197:2014
2165:2013
2139:2014
2113:2014
2087:2014
2062:2014
2033:2014
2007:2012
1977:2013
1902:2022
1871:2013
1830:2014
1790:2014
1754:2014
1728:2016
1694:2013
1664:OCLC
1633:help
1582:2023
1526:2013
1211:I-80
1209:via
1138:I-80
1042:any
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860:and
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647:and
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