33:
146:. The European rabbit, introduced to Britain by the Romans in 1AD, eats and therefore damages a wide variety of crops and cost the UK £263 million. Japanese knotweed, introduced as an ornamental garden plant in the late 19th century, the roots of which spread by underground rhizomes, can undermine and damage buildings, pavements and roads, cost £179 million. In fact, most mortgage lenders in the UK will demand proof of the plant's eradication from a home owner's property (if signs of it being present are noticed), for it can cause potential physical damage to one's estate. In 2023, it was confirmed that the number of non-native plant species introduced to the UK outnumbered the number of native UK plant species
310:. The farms were sited mainly in lowland areas rich in rivers and streams. During the 1930s coypus escaped from captivity and despite repeated attempts to control them, they adapted well to the British habitat, breeding successfully in the countryside of East Anglia. Their habit of building large burrows in river banks caused great erosion damage and threatened the tourism industry where boating is a popular recreation, and caused great damage to drainage works. Coypu were declared to have been successfully eradicated in December 1989,
180:
168:
52:, can be adversely affected by the introduction of non-native species. Often an island will have several distinct species not present on the nearest mainland, and vice versa. The native flora and fauna of islands which have been isolated for a longer period of time such as New Zealand or Hawaii (which have been isolated for millions of years) are more vulnerable than islands such as
2533:
329:
and is now naturalised there. However, the presence of some introduced species has proved disastrous for native flora and fauna. There is often a link between how well a species can integrate with an existing ecosystem, and the distance from their local range; i.e. species sourced closer to the sink
371:, as well as carrying a virus that is fatal to the reds. The cost of attempting eradication was reported in 2010 to be £14 million. These attempts have been deemed unsuccessful and priority is now being given to preserving the remaining red squirrel habitats.
233:) populations, originally an Afro-Asian parakeet, have become established in Britain from introduced and escaped birds. There are two main populations: the largest is based around south London, where they can be regularly seen in places such as
1649:
278:
Unlike some other environmental problems such as pollution, the effect of an introduced species is not a single event. Once a species has been introduced to an island, the problems may persist and escalate as the species spreads further.
211:) and are drastically reducing their numbers. It was reported that since the late 1980s, 90% of the UK population of the European water vole has been lost, primarily due to displacement and predation by the American mink.
875:
2121:
W. J. Sutherland & G. Allport (2009) The distribution and ecology of naturalized
Egyptian Geese Alopochen aegyptiacus in Britain, Bird Study, 38:2, 128-134, DOI: 10.1080/00063659109477080
2404:(Meyrick, 1931) {Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae), a South American species established in Cornwall, new to the British Isles and unknown in mainland Europe, with first details of its biology"
159:
In addition to the economic costs incurred by management, some introduced fauna displace native species. This can occur by predation, competition for resources, or the spread of disease.
2449:
1494:
2479:
2568:
325:
Some species have adapted harmoniously into the ecology of the
British Isles. For example, the little owl is not native to the British Isles but was first introduced in 1842, by
138:(Centre for Agricultural Bioscience International) estimated that introduced species in United Kingdom cost £2 billion annually. The most costly species were listed as being the
2805:
32:
2837:
2678:
2561:
1732:
496:
2627:
2033:
1595:
2668:
2597:
2441:
2663:
2592:
1857:
1715:
2842:
2734:
2648:
2554:
2319:
2739:
2708:
2673:
2800:
2795:
2643:
2007:
1138:, a South American moth found in Cornwall in 2020, but probably here since the introduction of the larval food plant Chilean myrtle (
2812:
2729:
2703:
2685:
1581:
294:), large semi-aquatic rodents native to South America, were introduced to the British Isles in 1929 when fur farms were set up in
536:
2760:
2658:
1514:
326:
2372:
2471:
1892:
1822:
2755:
1509:
2254:"Alien leaf beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of European Russia and some general tendencies of leaf beetle invasions"
263:: Some introduced species carry diseases to which native species are susceptible. The grey squirrel is a carrier of the
1779:
1555:
2773:
2653:
1499:
1479:
1158:
541:
1504:
1337:
1080:
894:
2059:
2768:
1981:
1261:(European yellow-tailed scorpion) invasive; probably originating from Italy; there is a thriving colony in Kent
1045:
1023:
781:
2096:
1343:
1169:
998:
926:
374:
The following is a partial list of introduced species. Species marked with a dagger (†) are controlled by
1446:
1426:
1404:
1257:
1065:
599:
2215:"History of discoveries and management of the citrus longhorned beetle, Anoplophora chinensis, in Europe"
2037:
1757:
1663:
1602:
344:
333:
2164:
1441:
1320:
1278:
1134:
1037:
1012:
981:
455:
360:
98:
37:
179:
2265:
1097:
991:
905:
838:
799:
594:
558:
528:
226:
17:
1456:
1436:
1415:
1398:
1196:
1186:
815:
741:
655:
472:
204:
61:
1627:
167:
1366:
1298:
1283:
1114:
1030:
889:
826:
634:
589:
532:
426:
397:
254:
2323:
1628:"Invasive plants in the United Kingdom that may lead to offence and fees from the UK government"
267:
virus which kills red squirrels but not grey squirrels. The
European crayfish is susceptible to
2191:
67:
Many species have been introduced to
Britain during historical times. Some species such as the
2354:
2301:
2283:
2234:
2214:
1853:
1711:
1410:
1382:
1293:
1106:
1060:
623:
584:
257:. These large parakeets displace native birds species by competing for roosts and nest sites.
143:
135:
114:
2577:
2514:
2415:
2291:
2273:
2226:
2150:
1451:
1421:
1371:
1303:
1264:
1053:
1005:
2011:
2177:
1473:
1431:
1313:
1288:
1251:
974:
960:
954:
930:
832:
518:
512:
507:
449:
443:
272:
268:
139:
106:
85:
1959:
2269:
1685:
2518:
2345:
Brown, David C G; Barron, Scott J (2016). "The
Captive Rearing of Common Forest Looper
2296:
2253:
1937:
1467:
1461:
1392:
1237:
1214:
1140:
790:
701:
681:
569:
523:
242:
234:
2831:
2399:
1803:
1377:
1360:
1354:
1085:
821:
731:
552:
406:
364:
314:
238:
196:
76:
53:
49:
2376:
1349:
1075:
964:
946:
936:
751:
650:
502:
368:
264:
218:
68:
41:
40:
is an introduced species in Great
Britain, where it threatens the country's native
97:) have been introduced with few adverse consequences. However, others such as the
2278:
2155:
2146:
2419:
1915:
1826:
1308:
1247:
1163:
869:
726:
721:
696:
691:
629:
618:
605:
461:
421:
90:
1267:(noble false widow) - thought to originate from Madeira and the Canary Islands.
2546:
2230:
2084:
1101:) a New Zealand endemic found west Cornwall in 2007, possibly not established.
711:
676:
639:
563:
546:
467:
2358:
2287:
2238:
217:: The introduced grey squirrel is larger and more aggressive than the native
1877:
1387:
1326:
1241:
1174:
1127:
1017:
644:
481:
437:
416:
411:
401:
299:
250:
2305:
2252:
Bieńkowski, Andrzej O.; Orlova-Bienkowskaja, Marina J. (7 September 2018).
311:
1556:"Rabbits named Britain's most costly invasive species | Environment"
986:
968:
736:
706:
686:
60:, which became isolated more recently (8,000 years ago at the end of the
359:
One notable example of a species introduced to the
British Isles is the
203:), which either escaped or were released from fur farms, prey on native
1733:"The great green expansion: how ring-necked parakeets took over London"
1331:
1220:
746:
307:
225:) and displaces the native squirrel by competing for food and habitat.
57:
2135:
Michael McCarthy, The I Newspaper, Saturday
November 3rd, 2012, p. 21
2063:
1119:
756:
295:
246:
1985:
1531:
348:
317:, and authorities suspected that the animal was, in fact, a coypu.
2100:
1526:
1224:
1123:
476:
431:
376:
The
Invasive Alien Species (Enforcement and Permitting) Order 2019
337:
303:
287:
31:
2442:"'A world first': Devon calls victory in 27-year war on termites"
253:, and by 2005 consisted of many thousands of birds, known as the
716:
2550:
2373:"Forestry Commission UK, information on Oak Processionary Moth"
121:) have had a severe impact both economically and ecologically.
2192:"BBC News – Salmon fears after crayfish found in River Kelvin"
1582:"Rabbits arrived in Britain 1,000 years earlier than thought"
858:
768:
386:
876:
List of non-endemic ant species introduced to Great
Britain
2472:"Termite monitoring and eradication programme - BRE Group"
1664:"Mink and Water Vole – GB non-native species secretariat"
1650:"Over half of Britain's plant species are now non-native"
1495:
List of invasive non-native species in England and Wales
1244:- recorded but without evidence of a breeding population
1122:
in 2009. It has since spread across southern England to
1801:
Gosling, Morris (4 March 1989). "Extinction to Order".
434:
or Nutria from South America (subsequently eradicated)
1126:
and is thought to have been originally imported with
1893:"Examples of problem non-native species in Scotland"
1710:. London Natural History Society. 2006. p. 93.
1118:, from Australia and New Zealand and first found in
2788:
2748:
2717:
2696:
2636:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2585:
2501:Benton, T. G. (1992). "The ecology of the scorpion
1850:
British Birds: Their Names, Folklore and Literature
647:(southern clade alien; northern clade reintroduced)
2398:Heckford, R J; Beavan, P J; Lees, David C (2003).
2213:Hérard, Franck; Maspero, Matteo (1 January 2019).
1758:"Squirrel Pox – GB non-native species secretariat"
2322:. The Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from
1873:
1871:
1869:
2534:"Invasive non-native species (UK) – Cotoneaster"
2131:
2129:
2127:
1916:"The British Deer Society – Chinese Water Deer"
1823:"Police To Investigate Man Who Killed 4ft Rat"
2562:
943:) from Continental Europe (subsequently lost)
8:
2145:Bukontaite, Rasa; Zaiko, Anastasija (2022).
1887:
1885:
1483:, whorled water milfoil, invasive to Ireland
2617:
2610:
2569:
2555:
2547:
2036:. Secure.fera.defra.gov.uk. Archived from
1914:Powered by Intergage www.intergage.co.uk.
1686:"Water vole sanctuary created in Bridport"
1549:
1547:
313:. but in 2012 a "giant rat" was killed in
2295:
2277:
2154:
497:List of non-native birds of Great Britain
2010:. Snowdoniamammals.co.uk. Archived from
367:, which out-competes the smaller native
347:for aquatic species can be found at the
245:; the smaller population can be seen in
1848:Greenoak, Francesca (31 October 1997).
1543:
2173:
2162:
338:Non-native Species Secretariat website
2482:from the original on 22 December 2021
2452:from the original on 21 December 2021
2147:"Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel)"
1782:. Environment Agency. 30 January 2012
1630:. Fantastic Gardeners. September 2015
1596:"managing invasive non-native plants"
1153:Two species that prey on earthworms:
929:butterfly from continental Europe to
18:Invasive species in the British Isles
7:
1938:"Science & Nature – Pets – Cats"
1601:. Environment Agency. Archived from
1532:Scottish Invasive Species Initiative
2838:Lists of biota of the British Isles
2532:Elizabeth Kimber (4 October 2017),
2034:"GB non-native species secretariat"
1960:"Remains of Roman rabbit uncovered"
1895:. Scotland.gov.uk. 14 February 2012
1852:. Christopher Helm Publishers Ltd.
977:butterfly (subsequently eradicated)
378:, which is the latest legislation.
2519:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb07484.x
604:22 species of terrapin especially
271:which is spread by the introduced
25:
1878:Various introduced animal species
1554:James Meikle (15 December 2010).
1527:GB Non-native Species Secretariat
349:GB Non-native Species Secretariat
2440:Pidd, Helen (21 December 2021).
537:Feral parakeets in Great Britain
330:site tend to cause less damage.
321:Management of introduced species
178:
166:
2085:BBC Wildlife finder – Sika Deer
1515:Invasive species in New Zealand
334:Case studies of impact examples
185:The introduced signal crayfish
155:Displacement of native species
1:
2194:. BBC.co.uk. 26 November 2010
1510:Invasive species in Australia
1227:. Declared eradicated in 2021
2279:10.1371/journal.pone.0203561
2156:10.1079/cabicompendium.85295
2008:"Mammal status – Feral goat"
173:The native European crayfish
2843:Lists of introduced species
2420:10.31184/G00138894.734.1873
1144:) over a hundred years ago.
2859:
2320:"New threat to box plants"
1962:. BBC.co.uk. 13 April 2005
1760:. Secure.fera.defra.gov.uk
1731:Hunt, Nick (6 June 2019).
1666:. Secure.fera.defra.gov.uk
1500:List of introduced species
1480:Myriophyllum verticillatum
1159:Arthurdendyus triangulatus
722:Pacific humped back salmon
494:
2505:flavicaudis in England".
2231:10.1007/s10340-018-1014-9
1688:. BBC.co.uk. 8 March 2013
1505:Lists of invasive species
1107:Thaumetopoea processionea
1081:Horse-chestnut leaf miner
1057:summer fruit tortrix moth
895:Citrus long-horned beetle
1219:- identified in 1994 in
1104:Oak processionary moth (
1046:Blastobasis lacticolella
1024:Coleotechnites piceaella
782:Potamopyrgus antipodarum
111:Pacifastacus leniusculus
2219:Journal of Pest Science
1708:London Bird Report 2006
1344:Floating water primrose
1170:Australoplana sanguinea
1033:moth from United States
1027:moth from United States
1002:moth from United States
999:Argyresthia cupressella
967:via Southern Europe on
927:Large chequered skipper
779:New Zealand mud snail (
542:Lady Amherst's pheasant
464:from Continental Europe
452:from Continental Europe
2408:Entomologist's Gazette
2172:Cite journal requires
2097:"British Deer Society"
2060:"British Deer Society"
1982:"British Deer Society"
1304:Common field speedwell
1279:American skunk-cabbage
1258:Euscorpius flavicaudis
1095:Common forest looper (
1066:Light brown apple moth
951:Lycaena dispar batavus
941:Lycaena dispar rutilus
872:from the United States
600:European pond terrapin
355:Example: grey squirrel
45:
2402:Simacauda dicommatias
1825:. Sky. Archived from
1321:Epilobium brunnescens
1135:Simacauda dicommatias
1090:Cydalima perspectalis
1038:Blastobasis adustella
1013:Tachystola acroxantha
982:Psychoides filicivora
921:Butterflies and moths
899:Anoplophora chinensis
48:Islands, such as the
35:
2478:. 13 December 2020.
2347:Pseudocoremia suavis
2066:on 23 September 2015
1940:. BBC. 12 March 2004
1284:American willow herb
1201:Acanthoxyla prasina)
1197:Prickly stick insect
1191:Acanthoxyla inermis)
1187:Unarmed stick insect
1098:Pseudocoremia suavis
1070:Epiphyas postvittana
906:Chrysolina americana
839:Spiny-cheek crayfish
800:Dreissena polymorpha
595:Western green lizard
559:Red-legged partridge
549:from mainland Europe
529:Rose-ringed parakeet
458:† from North America
440:from the Middle East
336:can be found at the
283:Environmental damage
227:Rose-ringed parakeet
215:Resource competition
205:European water voles
103:Sciurus carolinensis
2379:on 20 November 2018
2270:2018PLoSO..1303561B
1405:Nuttall's waterweed
1399:Leycesteria formosa
1031:Cotoneaster webworm
994:moth from east Asia
957:(subsequently lost)
933:(subsequently lost)
816:Chinese mitten crab
656:Yellow-bellied toad
95:Armoracia rusticana
83:), sweet chestnut (
81:Oncorhynchus mykiss
62:Last Glacial Period
2507:Journal of Zoology
2040:on 8 November 2011
1338:Floating pennywort
1299:Canadian pond weed
1115:Musotima nitidalis
890:Harlequin ladybird
827:Red swamp crayfish
635:European tree frog
590:Common wall lizard
533:Kingston parakeets
427:Chinese water deer
398:Red-necked wallaby
255:Kingston parakeets
231:Psittacula krameri
209:Arvicola amphibius
46:
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2784:
2783:
1859:978-0-7136-4814-0
1780:"Crayfish plague"
1717:978-0-901009-22-7
1383:Japanese knotweed
1367:Guernsey fleabane
1294:Bermuda buttercup
1061:Carnation tortrix
992:Azalea leaf miner
971:(not established)
917:
916:
850:
849:
666:
665:
626:(not established)
624:American bullfrog
585:Aesculapian snake
535:) from Asia, see
144:Japanese knotweed
119:Fallopia japonica
115:Japanese knotweed
16:(Redirected from
2850:
2618:
2611:
2578:Invasive species
2571:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2541:
2540:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2375:. Archived from
2369:
2363:
2362:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2281:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2170:
2168:
2160:
2158:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2099:. Archived from
2093:
2087:
2082:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2062:. Archived from
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1984:. Archived from
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1880:
1875:
1864:
1863:
1845:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1829:on 25 April 2012
1819:
1813:
1812:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1551:
1452:Spanish bluebell
1416:Parrot's feather
1372:Himalayan balsam
1327:Evening primrose
1265:Steatoda nobilis
1203:from New Zealand
1193:from New Zealand
1092:) from east Asia
1072:) from Australia
1054:Adoxophyes orana
1006:Brown house moth
859:
769:
742:Topmouth gudgeon
473:Reeves's muntjac
387:
292:Myocastor coypus
223:Sciurus vulgaris
182:
170:
27:Ecological issue
21:
2858:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2780:
2744:
2713:
2692:
2632:
2602:
2581:
2575:
2545:
2544:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2424:
2422:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2349:Butler, 1879".
2344:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2326:on 25 June 2011
2318:
2317:
2313:
2264:(9): e0203561.
2251:
2250:
2246:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2171:
2161:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2103:on 22 June 2015
2095:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2014:on 8 March 2012
2006:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1867:
1860:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1832:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1608:on 17 June 2012
1605:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1565:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1540:
1523:
1491:
1486:
1474:White butterbur
1432:Purple dewplant
1314:Curly waterweed
1289:Autumnal crocus
1274:
1252:northern Europe
1234:
1210:
1183:
1151:
963:butterfly from
961:Geranium bronze
955:The Netherlands
931:Channel Islands
923:
918:
886:
866:
856:
851:
833:Signal crayfish
812:
776:
766:
761:
672:
667:
615:
581:
572:† from Africa
566:† from America
519:Silver pheasant
513:Golden pheasant
508:Common pheasant
499:
493:
450:European rabbit
444:Edible dormouse
394:
384:
357:
345:control methods
343:Information on
323:
285:
273:signal crayfish
269:crayfish plague
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
183:
175:
174:
171:
157:
152:
140:European rabbit
132:
127:
125:Problems caused
107:signal crayfish
86:Castanea sativa
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2856:
2854:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2765:United States
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2671:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2543:
2542:
2538:Inside Ecology
2524:
2513:(3): 351–368.
2493:
2463:
2432:
2414:(4): 193–218.
2390:
2364:
2337:
2311:
2244:
2225:(1): 117–130.
2205:
2183:
2174:|journal=
2137:
2123:
2114:
2088:
2077:
2051:
2025:
1999:
1988:on 23 May 2014
1973:
1951:
1929:
1906:
1881:
1865:
1858:
1840:
1814:
1811:(1564): 44–49.
1793:
1771:
1749:
1723:
1716:
1699:
1677:
1655:
1641:
1619:
1587:
1573:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1468:Water primrose
1465:
1462:Water hyacinth
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1437:Purple pitcher
1434:
1429:
1427:Piri-piri burr
1424:
1419:
1413:
1411:Oxford ragwort
1408:
1402:
1395:
1393:Least duckweed
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1254:
1245:
1238:Redback spider
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1215:Reticulitermes
1209:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1166:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1141:Luma apiculata
1131:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1009:
1003:
995:
989:
985:moth from the
978:
972:
958:
944:
934:
922:
919:
915:
914:
910:
909:
902:
892:
885:
882:
880:
879:
878:
873:
865:
862:
857:
855:
852:
848:
847:
843:
842:
836:
830:
824:
819:
811:
808:
806:
805:
804:
797:Zebra mussel (
795:
791:Arion vulgaris
788:Spanish slug (
786:
775:
772:
767:
765:
762:
760:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
702:Fathead minnow
699:
694:
689:
684:
682:Black bullhead
679:
673:
671:
668:
664:
663:
659:
658:
653:
648:
642:
637:
632:
627:
621:
614:
611:
610:
609:
602:
597:
592:
587:
580:
577:
575:
574:
573:
570:Egyptian goose
567:
561:
556:
550:
544:
539:
526:
524:Indian Peafowl
521:
516:
510:
505:
495:Main article:
492:
489:
487:
486:
485:
479:
470:
465:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
404:
393:
390:
385:
383:
380:
356:
353:
322:
319:
284:
281:
243:Greenwich Park
235:Battersea Park
184:
177:
176:
172:
165:
164:
163:
162:
161:
156:
153:
151:
148:
131:
128:
126:
123:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2855:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2814:
2813:South America
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:British Isles
2723:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2687:
2684:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2664:United States
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2433:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2403:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2360:
2356:
2353:(57): 17–21.
2352:
2348:
2341:
2338:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2206:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2166:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1917:
1910:
1907:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1828:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:New Scientist
1797:
1794:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1700:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1604:
1597:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1378:Hottentot fig
1376:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1361:Giant rhubarb
1359:
1356:
1355:Giant hogweed
1353:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:Stick insects
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:Box tree moth
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
988:
984:
983:
979:
976:
973:
970:
966:
962:
959:
956:
952:
948:
945:
942:
938:
935:
932:
928:
925:
924:
920:
913:
908:
907:
903:
900:
896:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
867:
863:
861:
860:
853:
846:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
823:
822:Killer shrimp
820:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
802:
801:
796:
793:
792:
787:
784:
783:
778:
777:
773:
771:
770:
764:Invertebrates
763:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
732:Rainbow trout
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
669:
662:
657:
654:
652:
649:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
612:
607:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
578:
576:
571:
568:
565:
562:
560:
557:
554:
553:Mandarin duck
551:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
498:
490:
488:
483:
480:
478:
474:
471:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
456:Grey squirrel
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:American mink
405:
403:
399:
396:
395:
391:
389:
388:
381:
379:
377:
372:
370:
366:
365:North America
362:
361:grey squirrel
354:
352:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
328:
320:
318:
316:
315:County Durham
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
282:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:Richmond Park
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
210:
206:
202:
201:Neogale vison
198:
197:American mink
194:
181:
169:
160:
154:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
129:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
99:grey squirrel
96:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:rainbow trout
74:
70:
65:
63:
59:
55:
54:Great Britain
51:
50:British Isles
43:
39:
38:grey squirrel
34:
30:
19:
2789:By continent
2724:
2628:South Africa
2537:
2527:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2446:The Guardian
2445:
2435:
2423:. Retrieved
2411:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2377:the original
2367:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2314:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2186:
2165:cite journal
2140:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2091:
2080:
2068:. Retrieved
2064:the original
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2038:the original
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2012:the original
2002:
1990:. Retrieved
1986:the original
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1954:
1942:. Retrieved
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1918:. Bds.org.uk
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1849:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1827:the original
1817:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1737:The Guardian
1736:
1726:
1707:
1702:
1690:. Retrieved
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1658:
1644:
1632:. Retrieved
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1603:the original
1590:
1576:
1564:. Retrieved
1560:The Guardian
1559:
1478:
1447:Russian vine
1442:Rhododendron
1397:
1350:Fox and cubs
1319:
1256:
1213:
1200:
1190:
1168:
1157:
1152:
1139:
1133:
1113:
1105:
1096:
1089:
1076:Codling moth
1069:
1052:
1044:
1036:
1022:
1011:
997:
980:
965:South Africa
950:
947:Large copper
940:
937:Large copper
911:
904:
898:
844:
798:
789:
780:
660:
651:Midwife toad
503:Canada goose
475:† deer from
375:
373:
369:red squirrel
358:
342:
332:
327:Thomas Powys
324:
291:
286:
277:
265:squirrel pox
260:
259:
230:
222:
219:red squirrel
214:
213:
208:
200:
192:
191:
158:
133:
118:
110:
102:
94:
84:
80:
72:
69:midwife toad
66:
47:
42:red squirrel
29:
2761:New Zealand
2709:Philippines
2659:Puerto Rico
2598:New Zealand
2486:22 December
2456:22 December
2107:27 November
2070:27 November
1992:27 November
1634:19 February
1309:Cotoneaster
1248:Wasp spider
1164:New Zealand
949:butterfly (
939:butterfly (
901:) invasive
870:Pharaoh ant
810:Crustaceans
803:), invasive
727:Pumpkinseed
697:Common carp
692:Brook trout
630:Edible frog
619:Alpine newt
462:Fallow deer
446:from Europe
422:House mouse
382:Vertebrates
91:horseradish
44:population.
2832:Categories
2679:Everglades
2669:California
2614:By country
2580:by country
2503:Euscorpius
1742:7 December
1538:References
1457:Water fern
1422:Pigmy weed
1149:Planarians
1128:tree ferns
1016:moth from
712:Grass carp
677:Bitterling
640:Marsh frog
613:Amphibians
564:Ruddy duck
547:Little owl
468:Feral goat
2756:Australia
2593:Australia
2586:By origin
2476:BRE Group
2425:1 January
2359:1478-8128
2288:1932-6203
2239:1612-4766
1521:Resources
1388:Jewelweed
1242:Australia
1232:Arachnids
1175:Australia
1018:Australia
1008:from Asia
645:Pool frog
555:from Asia
515:from Asia
484:from Asia
482:Sika deer
438:Feral cat
417:Brown rat
412:Black rat
402:Australia
351:website.
300:Hampshire
251:Berkshire
193:Predation
130:Economics
2735:Portugal
2649:Colombia
2637:Americas
2480:Archived
2450:Archived
2306:30192838
2258:PLOS ONE
2149:. CABI.
2044:24 March
2018:24 March
1944:24 March
1922:24 March
1899:24 March
1786:24 March
1764:24 March
1670:24 March
1612:19 April
1566:24 March
1562:. London
1489:See also
1208:Termites
987:Far East
969:geranium
774:Molluscs
737:Sunbleak
707:Goldfish
687:Bluegill
579:Reptiles
134:In 2010
2749:Oceania
2740:Ukraine
2674:Florida
2607:By host
2351:Atropos
2330:23 June
2297:6128575
2266:Bibcode
2198:9 March
1966:9 March
1833:9 March
1692:8 March
1332:Fanwort
1221:Saunton
1217:grassei
1173:- from
1162:- from
953:) from
884:Beetles
854:Insects
747:Walleye
392:Mammals
308:Norfolk
261:Disease
150:Ecology
113:), and
58:Ireland
2801:Europe
2796:Africa
2774:Hawaii
2718:Europe
2654:Mexico
2644:Canada
2621:Africa
2357:
2304:
2294:
2286:
2237:
1856:
1714:
1272:Plants
1120:Dorset
912:
845:
757:Zander
661:
606:slider
296:Sussex
288:Coypus
247:Surrey
241:, and
89:) and
73:Alytes
2730:Italy
2704:Japan
2686:Texas
2383:2 May
1606:(PDF)
1599:(PDF)
1250:from
1240:from
1225:Devon
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