Sousveillance - Knowledge (XXG)

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dissent globally, unimpeded by traditional media's commercial distribution restrictions such as pre-defined circulation runs or paid-for airtime, or the need for expert knowledge in media production. Mann has long maintained that the 'informal nature of sousveillance, with its tendency to distribute recordings widely, will often expose inappropriate use to scrutiny, whereas the secret nature of surveillance will tend to prevent misuse from coming to light' (Mann, 2005, p. 641). Just as Foucault's Panopticon operates through potential or implied surveillance, sousveillance might also operate through the credible threat of its existence. As the ubiquity and awareness of sousveillance widen, it is this that may most empower citizens – by making officials realise that their actions may, themselves, be monitored and exposed at any time. The permanent potential for sousveillance from so many (as opposed to more formalised exposés at the hands of investigative reporters, a small media elite) raises the likelihood that power abuses will be captured on record which can then be used to hold power-abusers and manipulators to account, providing of course, that there is a functioning legal system and/or public sphere (with mechanisms in place to translate popular demands and moral outrage into real-world change).

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can consider an operative social norm that would require cameras to be attached to a human operator. Under such a scenario, any objections to the camera could be raised by another human more easily than it would be to interact with a lamp post upon which is mounted a surveillance camera. Thus, the argument is that cameras attached to people ought to be less offensive than cameras attached to inanimate objects, because there is at least one responsible party present to operate the camera. This responsible-party argument is analogous to that used for the operation of a motor vehicle, where a responsible driver is present, in contrast to the remote or automated operation of a motor vehicle.

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video platforms, like YouTube and Snapchat, and streaming platforms like Periscope and Twitch, are key components to sousveillance's efficiency. This was shown during French demonstrations against the "Loi Travail" in 2016, during which a Periscope stream showing authority forces, called abusive by one part of the demonstrators, was watched by 93,362 people. This video was posted on Twitter. Nevertheless, it can be considered whether this creates a dangerous dependence on private platforms, often ruled by Internet giants (like Google, for YouTube) which have common interests with governments, and who adapt their content through algorithms users don't have control on.

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police brutality. The other is the opposing stance to this one that raises the issue of privacy that police body cameras may violate. There have not been many case studies that have taken place in implementing police body cameras. This means that police worn body cameras have not been proven as a definite method to solve the problem of police brutality. Studies have also shown that people, both policemen and civilians, act differently when they are aware that they are being surveilled on camera. This leaves a lot of room for unpredictability surrounding the consequences of the use of this form of sousveillance.

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mainstream media, ever-hungry for new content in a media environment of convergence and expanding capacity, the longevity of sousveillant footage is perhaps what gives sousveillance its agenda-building power. It allows journalists, citizens, activists, insurgents, strategic communicators and researchers the opportunity to discover and partially relive both the eye-witnessed, sousveillant account, and the discourse surrounding specific moments of sousveillance, as well as reflecting on, and marshalling, their significance.

627:"Targeted sousveillance" refers to sousveillance of a specific individual by one or more other individuals. Usually, the targeted individual is a representative or proponent of surveillance, so targeted sousveillance is often inverse surveillance or hierarchical sousveillance. "Hierarchical sousveillance" refers, for example, to citizens photographing the police, shoppers photographing shopkeepers, or taxicab passengers photographing cab drivers. So, for example, targeting former White House security official Admiral 512:, for example, might then be solved by way of collaboration among the citizenry rather than through the watching over the citizenry from above. But it is not so black-and-white as this dichotomy suggests. In particular, citizens watching over their neighbors is not necessarily "better" than the alternative: an increase in community self-reliance might be offset by an uncomfortable "nosy neighbor" effect. "Personal sousveillance" has been referred to as "coveillance" by Mann, Nolan and Wellman. 376:(i.e. an analysis of the surveilled from the perspective of a participant in a society under surveillance). Sousveillance typically involves community-based recording from first person perspectives, without necessarily involving any specific political agenda, whereas inverse surveillance is a form of sousveillance that is typically directed at, or used to collect data to analyze or study, surveillance or its proponents (e.g., the actions of police or protestors at a protest rally). 1008:"Garner's death was documented by his friend Ramsey Orta, and the video was widely disseminated. Despite the video evidence, a grand jury declined to indict Garner's killer, leading to widespread outrage and protest. (In an ironic twist, the only person indicted in connection with Garner's death was Orta, who came under police scrutiny and was arrested on an "unrelated" weapons possession charge. Orta is now in prison in New York. Sousveillance is not without its costs.)" 814:. The sousveillant assemblage comprises Haggerty & Ericson's (2000) surveillant assemblage (or loosely linked, unstable, systems of data flows of people's activities, tracked by computers, and data-mined so that we are each reconfigured as (security) risks or (commercial) opportunities, but data-fattened by the proliferation of web-based participatory media and personal sousveillance that we willingly provide online). Verde Garrido (2015) has also explored 826:(i.e., confronting authority and power with the truth) to explain that in contemporary societies, which are global and digital, 'parrhesiastic sousveillance' allows to resist and contest social, economic, and political relations of power by means of technology. These acts of resistance and contestation, in turn, enable civil societies to change old meanings and offer new ones, using a newborn digital agency to create new and contemporary politics of truth. 584: 77: 258: 138: 36: 2034: 725: 186: 572: 903:

their owner, or by the proper authorities when investigating an infraction, and in the latter case only in circumstances relevant to the investigation. Recordings are maintained after death; it is not made clear what the reasoning is for this and under what circumstances and or by whom a deceased person's archive can be accessed.

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is based on a future where sousveillance recordings are made and sold as entertainment. The plot of the movie revolves around the murder of a celebrity by police officers that is recorded by a person secretly wearing one of the devices. In the movie, the recordings are made by a flat array of sensors

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that this is similar to the pedestrian−driver concept, i.e. these are roles that many of us take both sides on, from time to time. Many aspects of sousveillance were examined in the general category of "reciprocal accountability" in David Brin's 1997 non-fiction book The Transparent Society, and also

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portrays citizens equipped with both augmented reality gear ("Tru-Vu Goggles") and cameras exercising reciprocal accountability, with each other and with authority figures, discussing effects on crime and presaging today's "cop cam" developments. Elites are allowed only temporary, cached secrecy. In

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and the United States (August 2007). When the head of the Quebec police publicly stated that there was no police presence, a sousveillance video showed him to be wrong. When he revised his statement to say that the police provocateurs were peaceful observers, the same video showed them to be masked,

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inquiry or legal protection involving the recording, monitoring, study, or analysis of surveillance systems, proponents of surveillance, and possibly also recordings of authority figures. Inverse surveillance is typically undertaken by those who are subjected to surveillance, so it can be thought of

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occupying a parallel universe have what are called companion implants. These are comprehensive recording and transmission devices, mounted in the forearm of each person. Their entire life is constantly monitored and sent to their alibi archive, a repository of recordings that are only accessible by

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Given the lack of secrecy inherent in placing sousveillant content online, the anonymity of the sousveillers is of prime importance if hierarchical (politically or legally motivated) sousveillance is to proliferate. There is a real need for spaces online that are willing to protect users' anonymity

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movement has garnered an immense and impassioned following in a very short amount of time. There are two different social movements that have arisen in response to police body cameras. One school of thought that has manifested support is that police body cameras are necessary in fighting and ending

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Undoubtedly, the urge and practice of dissent have been common, and people exploit the participatory media technologies at hand to mark and spread their dissent. However, the rise of web-based participatory media and sousveillance cultures have made it easier for many more to record and spread this

806:(2015) used "dark sousveillance" to refer to the ways that enslaved Black Americans refashioned techniques and technologies to facilitate survival and escape. Browne (2015) notes how pranks and other performative practices and creative acts were used to resist enslavement from experiential insight. 793:

Because these body cameras are turned on for every encounter with the public, privacy issues have been brought up with specific emphasis on special victim cases such as rape or domestic violence. Police worry that with a camera right in front of the victim, they will not feel comfortable revealing

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in Ferguson, Missouri) have increased calls for police to wear body cameras and so capture evidence of the incidents, for their benefit and the criminal justice system as a whole. By having officers use sousveillance, police forces can generate hours of video evidence to be used in cases like that

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Classy's Kitchen describes sousveillance as "another way to add further introspection to the commons that keeps society open but still makes the world smaller and safer". In this way sousveillance may be regarded as a possible replacement for surveillance. In this sur/sousveillance replacement, one

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In Mann's original conception, sousveillance had an emancipatory political thrust, with hierarchical sousveillance a conscious act of resistance to surveillance. Yet, the nature of the social change generated is unpredictable and dependent on the sousveillant content, the context of its subsequent

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of Michael Brown, and the video evidence can act as an important alibi in the judicial proceedings in regards to who is truly at fault. Regardless of the outcome of such events, contemporaneous audio-video evidence can be extremely valuable in respect of compliance- and enforcement-related events.

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However, it appeared that a filmed abusive behavior is more likely to be punished if the video is widely spread. This makes sousveillance more efficient and politically meaningful, insofar it shows to a significant proportion of the population the abuses of the authority. Thus, the development of

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Social media provide what could be described as a semi-permanent, and easily accessible database of eyewitness accounts. Given that the web can be used and searched in the manner of a database to find examples of sousveillance; and given the recirculation of sousveillant footage in memes and in

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eyeglasses. It was through simply wearing electric seeing aids, as a passive observer, that it was discovered that surveillance and sousveillance can cause conflict and sometimes confrontation. This led some researchers to explore why the perpetrators of surveillance are suspicious of

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all the information that they know. There have been two case studies done in the United States that have revealed that police officers who have cameras have fewer encounters with citizens than officers who do not have cameras, due to fear of being reprimanded for committing a mistake.

624:. When one or more parties to the conversation record it, it is called "sousveillance", whereas when the conversation is recorded by a person who is not a party to the conversation (such as a prison guard violating a client-lawyer relationship), the recording is called "surveillance". 347:" watching from above, whereas "sousveillance" denotes bringing the means of observation down to human level, either physically (mounting cameras on people rather than on buildings) or hierarchically (ordinary people doing the watching, rather than higher authorities or architectures). 994:

There is a need for efficacy, efficiency or effectiveness of sousveillance, which can be met by social media, such as through widespread dissemination on social media, and when used as an output modality in conjunction with sousveillance as an input modality, is called "swollag", or

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As the technologies get smaller and easier to use, the capture, recording, and playback of everyday life get that much easier to initiate spontaneously in unexpected situations. For example, David Ollila, a manufacturer of video camera equipment, was trapped for four hours aboard a

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While surveillance and sousveillance both usually refer to visual monitoring, they can denote other forms of monitoring such as audio surveillance or sousveillance. With audio (e.g. recording of phone conversations), sousveillance is sometimes referred to as "one party consent".

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depict a 2020s Scotland in which wearable computing has a level of ubiquity similar to that of 2013's cell phones. The implications of a society in which anyone might be recording anything at any time are explored at length, particularly with respect to policing.

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and keep their subversive content online despite political or corporate pressure. With this sort of situation in mind, whistle-blowing websites have been set up that guarantee anonymity, such as Wiki-leaks, launched in December 2006. More such sites are needed.

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theory" holds that sousveillance, to some extent, often reduces or eliminates the need for surveillance. In this sense it is possible to replace the Panoptic God's eye view of surveillance with a more community-building ubiquitous personal experience capture.

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spelled backwards. For example, filming or streaming an abusive situation, like police abuse, doesn't always lead to justice and punishment of the abuser without some means (i.e. swollag) for sousveillance to take effect. For example, in 2014, a man named

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In the era of web-based participatory media and convergence cultures, non-governmental and non-state actors, with their own virtual communities and networks that cut across national borders, use what Bakir (2010) calls the sousveillant assemblage to wield

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Beyond the political or breaching of hierarchical structure explored in academia, the more rapidly emerging discourse on sousveillance within the industry is "personal sousveillance", namely the recording of an activity by a participant in the activity.

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Surveillance is the veillance of the authority (i.e. the veillance that has the capacity to prohibit other veillances), whereas sousveillance is the veillance of plurality (i.e. "crowd veillance" or watching, sensing, or the like, done by non

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that pick up signals from the brain stem. The sensors are usually hidden under a wig, and they record everything the person wearing them sees and hears. Recordings made while the person making them dies are called "blackjack" tapes.

1032:, former prime minister of Israel, who is suspected to have kept close links with Israeli and American governments. For these reasons, security advocates consider the app to serve America's global surveillance program (revealed by 526:

volunteer organizations that "police the police." Copwatch groups usually engage in monitoring of the police, videotaping police activity, and educating the public about police misconduct. Fitwatch is a group that photograph

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from 2012 to 2013 resulted in a reduction of both complaints against officers and a reduction in the use of violence by officers. The public is shielded from police misconduct and the police officer from bogus complaints.

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Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, DBA; Steve Clarke; Murray E. Jennex; Annie Becker; and Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko, Wearable Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications, IGI Publishing Hershey, PA, USA 2018, Page 509,

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Sousveillance of a state by its citizens has been credited with addressing many problems such as election fraud or electoral misdeeds, as well as providing good governance. For example, mobile phones were used in

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Surveillance is defined as cameras (or other sensors) affixed to property (real-estate, e.g. land, by way of posts or poles, or buildings), whereas sousveillance is defined as cameras (or other sensors) borne by

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and taught initially at the City College of New York's Digital and Interdisciplinary Art Practice MFA program (DIAP): "Sousveillance: The Art of Networked Surveillance: Decoding the Social and the Private"

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has sousveillance as a common part of life in the setting, as a result of data storage technology and high-definition digital cameras becoming commonplace and often integrated into any and all objects.

383:. Sousveillance can be used to "counter" surveillance or it can be used with surveillance to create a more complete "veillance" ("Surveillance is a half-truth without sousveillance"). The question of " 2097:

Holland, Janet, ed. Wearable Technology and Mobile Innovations for Next-Generation Education. IGI Global, 2016. Page 115, in Chapter 6, Wearable Cameras, Alessio Drivet, University of Turin, Italy

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One of the things that brought inverse surveillance to light was the reactions of security guards to electric seeing aids and similar sousveillance practices. It seemed, early on, that the more

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Moitroux, Pola Catherine. "Countermovement to Constant Surveillance: A Combined Study Examining Acceptance and Motivation Factors Leading People to Engage in Different Forms of Sousveillance".

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Personal sousveillance is the art, science, and technology of personal experience capture, processing, storage, retrieval, and transmission, such as lifelong audiovisual recording by way of

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Reilly P (2013) Every little helps? YouTube, sousveillance and the 'anti-Tesco' riot in Stokes Croft. New Media & Society. Epub ahead of print 21 November. DOI:10.1177/1461444813512195.

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In the case of police body camera implementation in the US, there are multiple responses and social implications to this form of sousveillance. The case against police brutality and the

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Verde Garrido, M. (2015). Contesting biopolitics of information and communications: The importance of truth and sousveillance after Snowden. Surveillance & Society, 13(2), 153-167.

1870: 481:. However, this designated day focuses only on hierarchical sousveillance, whereas there are a number of groups around the world working on combining the two forms of sousveillance. 2046:

Mann S. (2005). Sousveillance and cyberglogs. A 30-year empirical voyage through ethical, legal and policy issues. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 14(6), 625–646.

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Inverse surveillance is a type of sousveillance. The more general concept of sousveillance goes beyond just inverse surveillance and the associated twentieth-century political "us

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The legal, ethical, and policy issues surrounding personal sousveillance are largely yet to be explored, but there are close parallels to the social and legal norms surrounding

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combined with video streaming and recording in an archive produces a record of the interactions of the officer with civilians and criminals. Experiments with police use in

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Mann, Steve, and Joseph Ferenbok. "New media and the power politics of sousveillance in a surveillance-dominated world." Surveillance & Society 11, no. 1/2 (2013): 18.

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Vol. 31, Issue 2 – April 1998 "Reflectionism' and 'Diffusionism': New Tactics for Deconstructing the Video Surveillance Superhighway", in Leonardo, pp. 93–102

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also investigates the effect of (apparently) omnipotent watchers, and how it can degrade human experience—the moral dilemma leading the watchers to cease.

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was well documented from a dozen angles via the use of these devices. Similarly, in February 2015, dashcams caught valuable footage of the crash of

357:(inverse oversight) is sousveillance at high-level, e.g. "citizen undersight" being reciprocal to a congressional oversight committee or the like. 1134:"Keeping a Close Watch", by Kingsley Dennis, Sociology Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK, 2008 July 30th, in The Sociological Review 1909: 1204: 1944: 1874: 1169: 1020:

used to help people signal public threats, such as the Israeli app c-Now (previously known as Reporty). In January 2018, c-Now was tested in

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presciently recognizes the stage of "ubiquitous surveillance" in the collapse-and-rebuild cycle that plagues human planetary civilization in

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Michael, K. (2015). Sousveillance: Implications for Privacy, Security, Trust, and the Law. Consumer Electronics Magazine, IEEE, 4(2), 92-94.

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researchers (in the MESSAGE project) teamed with bicycle couriers to measure and transmit air pollution indicators as they travel the city.

856: 208: 323:) is the recording of an activity by a member of the public, rather than a person or organisation in authority, typically by way of small 2075: 1325:

Fernback, Jan. "Sousveillance: Communities of resistance to the surveillance environment." Telematics and Informatics 30.1 (2013): 11-21.

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professor, has produced a sousveillance for his entire life, after being detained at an airport because he was erroneously placed on the

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Fletcher, Gordon; Marie Griffiths; Maria Kutar (7 September 2011). "A day in the digital life: a preliminary sousveillance study".

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In addition, some argue that sousveillance may aid in state surveillance, despite being conducted by the people. Examples include

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Ryan, Mary. "Sousveillance as a Tool in US Civic Polity." In Spaces of Surveillance, pp. 211-227. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017.

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are so ubiquitous that thousands of videos of automobile accidents and near-miss incidents have been uploaded. The unanticipated

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Bakir, V. Sousveillance, Media and Strategic Political Communication: Iraq, USA, UK. Continuum: New York (2010). Available at:

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sousveillance, and thus defined the notion of inverse surveillance as a new and interesting facet of studies in sousveillance.

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Recording a situation is only part of the sousveillance process. Communicating is also important. Video-sharing sites such as

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about the situation, the pilot called the police who then removed Ollila for questioning and removed everyone from the plane.

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the positions of surveillance cameras by encouraging readers to use a free Android and iOS app to photograph and geolocate

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was choked to death by a police officer in Staten Island after being arrested on suspicion of selling loose cigarettes.

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A recent area of research further developed at IWIS was the equilibrium between surveillance and sousveillance. Current "

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Veillance and Reciprocal Transparency: Surveillance versus Sousveillance, AR Glass, Lifeglogging, and Wearable Computing

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One of the 250 "LANYARDome" name badge neck wallets manufactured for each attendee of the IEEE ISTAS 2013 conference,

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Haggerty, K.D. & Ericson, R.V. (2000). The surveillant assemblage. British Journal of Sociology, 51(4), 605-622.

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K. Michael and M. G. Michael. Sousveillance and point of view technologies in law enforcement: An overview. 2012.

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Home › Courses › Course Catalog › 290. Surveillance, Sousveillance, Coveillance, and Dataveillance

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Camera A is engaged in surveillance, while the person wearing camera B on their head is engaged in sousveillance.

1337:"Sousveillance: Inventing and Using Wearable Computing Devices for Data Collection in Surveillance Environments" 387:" is dealt with more properly under the topic of metaveillance (the veillance of veillance) than sousveillance. 90: 601:, such as seeing-aids, visual memory aids, and the like. Even today's personal sousveillance technologies like 567:'s Visual Filter for continuous live webcast as well as viewing (i.e. visual reality modification in realtime). 1257: 926:

revolves around a suspended camera recording the whole of a subject's life being sold as a consumer product.

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that were in an establishment, the more the guards disliked the use of an electric seeing aid, such as the

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http://www.bloomsbury.com/us/sousveillance-media-and-strategic-political-communication-9780826430083/

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Agenda-building power comes from the searchable and recirculated, semi-permanent, eyewitness archive.

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is a subset of sousveillance with an emphasis on "watchful vigilance from underneath" and a form of

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Sousveillance, direct action and the anti-corporate globalization movement. Elizabeth A. Bradshaw.

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in 2013), and raise the question of whether sousveillance really serves as "inverse surveillance".

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while on patrol. Well-publicized events involving police-citizen altercations (such as the case of

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magazine predicts that sousveillance is an important development that will be on the rise in 2014.

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sharing, and, of course, the strength of the traditions of deliberation for democratic purposes.

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Since the year 2001, December 24 has been World Sousveillance Day with groups of participants in

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J. Bradwell and K. Michael. Security workshop brings 'sousveillance' under the microscope. 2012.

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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience

1849: 2108: 1705: 1701: 1294: 1165: 1025: 713: 672: 621: 859:' use of sousveillance, then, may result in social change, but not in a progressive fashion. 1348: 963: 811: 404: 373: 279: 1726: 1666: 1450: 1107: 1070: 941: 819: 770: 755: 628: 1740: 1110:", by Steve Mann, Jason Nolan and Barry Wellman, in Surveillance & Society 1(3), 2003 728:

Cameras can easily be mounted on bicycles, to record sports activities—or record acts of

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8th CACR Information Security Workshop & 2nd Annual Privacy and Security Workshop

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Sousveillance has also been described as "inverse surveillance", based on the word

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Alibi sousveillance is a form of sousveillance activity aimed at generating an

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Will the widespread use of police body cameras improve police accountability?

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Richards, Neil M., Watching the Watchers (November 4, 2013). Wired Magazine

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Surveillance And Security: Technological Politics And Power in Everyday Life

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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against

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were quickly revealed on YouTube when they infiltrated a demonstration in

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in 2007 for checking malpractices and intimidation during elections.

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290. SURVEILLANCE, SOUSVEILLANCE, COVEILLANCE, AND DATAVEILLANCE

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One specific use of alibi sousveillance is the growing trend of

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Sousveillance, not just surveillance, in response to terrorism

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Emancipation, resistance and social change are unpredictable.

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There are many similar examples, such as the widely viewed

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with sousveillance follows this more political narrative.

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Clark, Campbell; Ingrid Peritz; Ian Bailey (2007-08-25).

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Fernback J (2013) Telematics and Informatics 30(1): 11–21

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Sousveillance: Inverse Surveillance in Multimedia Imaging

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as evidence to defend against allegations of wrongdoing.

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La sousveillance. Vers un renseignement ordinaire ?

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Dissent, and holding power-holders to account, is easier

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or portable personal technologies. The term, coined by

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wearing police boots, and in one case holding a rock.

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In 2012 the Danish daily newspaper and online title

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Archived from 288: 1146:, 2002 March 1st, Metal and Flesh, Volume 6, No. 1 762:and other transactions that document his actions. 147:may lack focus or may be about more than one topic 1659:Cyclists' cellphones help monitor air pollution 1649:Finlo Rohrer, BBC News Magazine April 21, 2009 1256:Michael, Katina; Michael, MG (November 2013). 818:'s concept of sousveillance and reinterpreted 802:Prior to contemporary sousveillance cultures, 531:(police photographers) in the United Kingdom. 416:International Workshop on Inverse Surveillance 151:Please help improve this article, possibly by 1661:Tom Simonite, New Scientist, January 2, 2008 1500:(Centre For Applied Cryptographic Research), 8: 1202:International conferences on sousveillance: 1460:, "to watch"), and substituting the prefix 399:them" framework for citizens to photograph 269:Surveillance as compared with sousveillance 64:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1537: 1535: 1310:Course developed by New York based artist 783:Use of wearable cameras by police officers 331:, stems from the contrasting French words 100:. Please do not remove this message until 1352: 655:. When he recorded an interview with the 245:Learn how and when to remove this message 227:Learn how and when to remove this message 120:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Recording of an activity by a participant 723: 264: 256: 96:Relevant discussion may be found on the 2076:"Do Police Body Cameras Actually Work?" 1631:Ghana puts faith in humble text message 1335:S. Mann; J. Nolan; B. Wellman. (2002). 1093: 670:play a vital role. For example, police 2029:https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v13i2.5331 1821:"Sûreté du Québec to review practices" 1805:Douglas McArthur, "Flights of Fancy", 1722: 1711: 2069: 2067: 1964:"Wearing a Badge, and a Video Camera" 1938: 1936: 1934: 1679:"Crowdmapping Denmark's CCTV cameras" 7: 990:Sousveillance efficiency or efficacy 829:Features of sousveillance cultures: 767:police officers wearing body cameras 622:recording of telephone conversations 155:the article and/or by introducing a 2060:. Peter K. Manning. pp. 24–27. 1988:Pearce, Matt (September 27, 2014). 1402:. MSNBC. 2012-06-04. Archived from 1189:university course on sousveillance 863:Sousveillers' anonymity is crucial. 2074:Friedman, Uri (December 3, 2014). 1246:, Vancouver Observer, 2011 June 28 1244:Reflections on the Vancouver Riots 953:science fiction role-playing game 209:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy 25: 379:Sousveillance is not necessarily 45:This article has multiple issues. 2032: 1962:Randall Stross (April 6, 2013). 1423:Alternative definitions of both 666:and photo-sharing sites such as 579:'s CFP2005 conference attendees. 278: 184: 136: 75: 34: 2179:Durand, Corentin (2018-01-18). 159:, or discuss this issue on the 53:or discuss these issues on the 1389:. IEEE ISTAS 2013, Pages 1-12 1077:Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? 1: 2056:Scheindlin, Shira A. (2015). 1827:. pp. A5. Archived from 1809:, December 29, 2007, p. R16. 414:in Brin's novels. The first 1908:Clive Thompson (May 2007). 906:The plot of the 1995 movie 102:conditions to do so are met 2267: 2251:Culture jamming techniques 1898:, Published: July 10, 2009 1852:. Ghost Theory. 2013-02-19 1341:Surveillance & Society 575:Sousveillance devices for 529:Forward Intelligence Teams 428:Anastasios Venetsanopoulos 2153:. Hermès. pp. 68–76. 2149:Alloing, Camille (2016). 2078:– via The Atlantic. 710:2013 Russian meteor event 680:, against the leaders of 339:, meaning "below", i.e. " 1943:Nunes, Iesha S. (2015). 1850:"Russian Dash Cam Craze" 1609:http://wearcam.org/iwis/ 1258:"No Limits to Watching?" 885:David Brin's 1989 novel 385:Who watches the watchers 2212:(in French). 2018-01-20 1289:Monahan, Torin (2006). 1083:Surveillance capitalism 758:, and publicly posting 335:, meaning "above", and 1781:"Avoiding Big Brother" 1721:Cite journal requires 1568:, 21(4):447–461, 2013. 1506:Slides and recordings. 1010: 969:the Worthing Chronicle 798:Sousveillance cultures 752:US terrorist watchlist 748:University of Maryland 733: 591: 580: 568: 556:Personal sousveillance 407:commented in his book 270: 262: 2241:Technology in society 2130:MIT Technology Review 1920:on September 13, 2013 1831:on September 30, 2007 1665:May 16, 2008, at the 1479:On the Identity Trail 1354:10.24908/ss.v1i3.3344 1006: 983:a Deepness in the Sky 916:The plot of the 1985 899:Homo neanderthalensis 727: 586: 574: 563: 543:Dagbladet Information 268: 260: 1877:on February 28, 2023 1566:Critical Criminology 1487:. 23 September 2020. 1456:, "from above", and 894:Neanderthal Parallax 391:Inverse surveillance 361:Inverse surveillance 18:Inverse surveillance 1787:. February 26, 2003 1637:, December 8, 2008 720:Alibi sousveillance 589:http://veillance.me 381:countersurveillance 157:disambiguation page 89:of this article is 2246:Civil disobedience 2124:Zuckerman, Ethan. 1968:The New York Times 1949:Florida Law Review 1825:The Globe and Mail 1807:The Globe and Mail 1745:The Daily Omnivore 1647:When all video all 1527:The New York Times 1205:"Welcome to nginx" 1106:2009-03-25 at the 848:Black Lives Matter 787:Rialto, California 734: 702:tasering a student 678:Montebello, Quebec 673:agents provocateur 611:sense of community 592: 581: 569: 271: 263: 1994:Los Angeles Times 1767:BDM Master Thesis 1681:. 12 October 2012 1529:, January 5, 2011 1170:978-0-8264-3009-0 1026:Christian Estrosi 714:TransAsia Airways 700:campus policemen 255: 254: 247: 237: 236: 229: 178: 177: 130: 129: 122: 68: 16:(Redirected from 2258: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2193: 2192: 2176: 2170: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2121: 2115: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2080: 2079: 2071: 2062: 2061: 2053: 2047: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2010: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1959: 1953: 1952: 1940: 1929: 1928: 1926: 1925: 1916:. 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Mann. 1215:2010-08-15 1089:References 978:Pham Nuwen 966:'s novel, 881:In fiction 778:Police use 760:debit card 596:cybernetic 565:Steve Mann 432:Steve Mann 420:MyLifeBits 410:Smart Mobs 355:Undersight 329:Steve Mann 205:relocating 87:neutrality 50:improve it 1685:6 January 1432:veillance 1293:, p.158. 824:parrhesia 730:road rage 696:video of 647:plane at 615:community 552:cameras. 536:Cambridge 534:In 2008, 467:Vancouver 217:June 2024 169:June 2024 161:talk page 153:splitting 110:June 2024 98:talk page 56:talk page 2185:Numerama 1973:April 7, 1663:Archived 1104:Archived 1040:See also 524:Canadian 520:American 516:Copwatch 477:and the 325:wearable 91:disputed 2168:Twitter 1791:July 1, 1769:: 1–72. 1706:1923629 1458:veiller 1438:people. 1400:"MSNBC" 997:gallows 942:Rule 34 694:YouTube 664:YouTube 607:weblogs 463:Florida 455:Toronto 439:cameras 424:Joi Ito 2111: 1704: 1451:French 1297: 1168: 1066:Memoto 1051:Eyetap 686:Mexico 682:Canada 668:Flickr 645:Comair 510:Crimes 459:Boston 443:EyeTap 430:, and 401:police 397:versus 320:-lənss 1914:Wired 1546:(PDF) 1429:sous- 888:Earth 738:alibi 657:pilot 498:Ghana 486:Wired 475:Spain 471:Japan 2109:ISBN 1975:2013 1793:2013 1727:help 1702:SSRN 1687:2017 1498:CACR 1462:sous 1427:and 1425:sur- 1295:ISBN 1220:and 1166:ISBN 1022:Nice 949:The 923:Snow 857:ISIS 816:Mann 746:, a 698:UCLA 605:and 550:CCTV 522:and 496:and 337:sous 316:soo- 84:The 2166:on 1454:sur 1349:doi 935:by 651:in 577:ACM 422:), 372:or 333:sur 318:VAY 203:or 2232:: 2208:. 2183:. 2128:. 2066:^ 1992:. 1966:. 1947:. 1933:^ 1912:. 1823:. 1783:. 1743:. 1718:: 1716:}} 1712:{{ 1534:^ 1483:. 1343:. 1339:. 1260:. 1115:^ 986:. 684:, 617:. 473:, 469:, 465:, 461:, 457:, 453:, 426:, 295:eɪ 286:uː 59:. 2219:. 2194:. 2138:. 1996:. 1977:. 1951:. 1927:. 1884:. 1859:. 1838:. 1795:. 1754:. 1729:) 1725:( 1708:. 1689:. 1554:. 1481:" 1413:. 1357:. 1351:: 1345:1 1301:. 1264:. 1218:. 732:. 310:/ 307:s 304:n 301:ə 298:l 292:v 289:ˈ 283:s 280:/ 276:( 248:) 242:( 230:) 224:( 219:) 215:( 211:. 197:. 171:) 167:( 163:. 149:. 123:) 117:( 112:) 108:( 104:. 94:. 66:) 62:( 20:)

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