6827:
6113:
3345:), which have different chemical behaviors. This makes it fairly easy for I to enter the biosphere as it becomes incorporated into vegetation, soil, milk, animal tissue, etc. Excesses of stable Xe in meteorites have been shown to result from decay of "primordial" iodine-129 produced newly by the supernovas that created the dust and gas from which the solar system formed. This isotope has long decayed and is thus referred to as "extinct". Historically, I was the first
3334:, and is produced by cosmogenic, thermonuclear, and in-situ reactions. In hydrologic studies, I concentrations are usually reported as the ratio of I to total I (which is virtually all I). As is the case with Cl/Cl, I/I ratios in nature are quite small, 10 to 10 (peak thermonuclear I/I during the 1960s and 1970s reached about 10). I differs from Cl in that its half-life is longer (15.7 vs. 0.301 million years), it is highly biophilic, and occurs in multiple
3641:
effects of nuclear fallout might be prevented in this way, since an excess of thyroid cancers, presumably due to radioiodine uptake, is the only proven radioisotope contamination effect after a fission accident, or from contamination by fallout from an atomic bomb (prompt radiation from the bomb also causes other cancers, such as leukemias, directly). Taking large amounts of iodide saturates thyroid receptors and prevents uptake of most radioactive
571:
3222:. When I is used therapeutically, it is encapsulated in titanium seeds and implanted in the area of the tumor, where it remains. The low energy of the gamma spectrum in this case limits radiation damage to tissues far from the implanted capsule. Iodine-125, due to its suitable longer half-life and less penetrating gamma spectrum, is also often preferred for laboratory tests that rely on iodine as a tracer that is counted by a
3376:
6519:
5719:
3008:
36:
3529:
3390:, with radiation from radioiodine in the MIBG. Two images are seen of the same patient from front and back. Note the dark image of the thyroid due to unwanted uptake of radioiodine from the medication by the thyroid gland in the neck. Accumulation at the sides of the head is from salivary gland uptake of iodide. Radioactivity is also seen in the bladder.
3318:
fission, both in subsurface rocks and nuclear reactors. Artificial nuclear processes, in particular nuclear fuel reprocessing and atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, have now swamped the natural signal for this isotope. Nevertheless, it now serves as a groundwater tracer as indicator of nuclear waste
3127:
Due to preferential uptake of iodine by the thyroid, radioiodine is extensively used in imaging of and, in the case of I, destroying dysfunctional thyroid tissues. Other types of tissue selectively take up certain iodine-131-containing tissue-targeting and killing radiopharmaceutical agents (such as
3123:
Of the many isotopes of iodine, only two are typically used in a medical setting: iodine-123 and iodine-131. Since I has both a beta and gamma decay mode, it can be used for radiotherapy or for imaging. I, which has no beta activity, is more suited for routine nuclear medicine imaging of the thyroid
3645:
that may be present from fission product exposure (although it does not protect from other radioisotopes, nor from any other form of direct radiation). The protective effect of KI lasts approximately 24 hours, so must be dosed daily until a risk of significant exposure to radioiodines from fission
3640:
odide in water, has been used to block absorption of the radioiodine (it has no effect on other radioisotopes from fission). Tablets containing potassium iodide are now also manufactured and stocked in central disaster sites by some governments for this purpose. In theory, many harmful late-cancer
3605:
to investigate clotting. These compounds contain iodine, but not in the iodide form. However, since they may be ultimately metabolized or break down to radioactive iodide, it is common to administer non-radioactive potassium iodide to insure that metabolites of these radiopharmaceuticals is not
3585:
Colloquially, radioactive materials can be described as "hot," and non-radioactive materials can be described as "cold." There are instances in which cold iodide is administered to people in order to prevent the uptake of hot iodide by the thyroid gland. For example, blockade of thyroid iodine
3502:
Iodine fission-produced isotopes not discussed above (iodine-128, iodine-130, iodine-132, and iodine-133) have half-lives of several hours or minutes, rendering them almost useless in other applicable areas. Those mentioned are neutron-rich and undergo beta decay to isotopes of xenon. Iodine-128
3437:
The I is taken up into thyroid tissue and concentrated there. The beta particles emitted by the radioisotope destroys the associated thyroid tissue with little damage to surrounding tissues (more than 2.0 mm from the tissues absorbing the iodine). Due to similar destruction, I is the iodine
3194:
Excited Te resulting from electron capture of I also emits a much lower-energy internal conversion electron (35.5 keV), which does relatively little damage due to its low energy, even though its emission is more common. The relatively low-energy gamma from I/Te decay is poorly suited for
3206:
after their decay, but these do not cause serious damage (double-stranded DNA breaks) in cells, unless the nuclide is incorporated into a medication that accumulates in the nucleus, or into DNA (this is never the case is clinical medicine, but it has been seen in experimental animal models).
3449:
The high energy beta radiation (up to 606 keV) from I causes it to be the most carcinogenic of the iodine isotopes. It is thought to cause the majority of excess thyroid cancers seen after nuclear fission contamination (such as bomb fallout or severe nuclear reactor accidents like the
508:
All other iodine radioisotopes have half-lives less than 60 days, and four of these are used as tracers and therapeutic agents in medicine. These are I, I, I, and I. All industrial production of radioactive iodine isotopes involves these four useful radionuclides.
3429:
in 1941, is to destroy thyroid tissue that could not be removed surgically. In this procedure, I is administered either intravenously or orally following a diagnostic scan. This procedure may also be used, with higher doses of radio-iodine, to treat patients with
3416:
isotope with a half-life of eight days, and comparatively energetic (190 keV average and 606 keV maximum energy) beta radiation, which penetrates 0.6 to 2.0 mm from the site of uptake. This beta radiation can be used for the destruction of
3191:) about 13% of the time, but this does little cellular damage due to the nuclide's short half-life and the relatively small fraction of such events. In the remainder of cases, a 159 keV gamma ray is emitted, which is well-suited for gamma imaging.
3182:
nuclides Te and Te (which are of higher energy, and are not produced from radioiodine). Instead, the excited tellurium nuclides decay immediately (half-life too short to detect). Following EC, the excited Te from I emits a high-speed 127 keV
543:. Due to its volatility, short half-life, and high abundance in fission products, I (along with the short-lived iodine isotope I, which is produced from the decay of Te with a half-life of 3 days) is responsible for the largest part of
3646:
products no longer exists. Iodine-131 (the most common radioiodine contaminant in fallout) also decays relatively rapidly with a half-life of eight days, so that 99.95% of the original radioiodine has vanished after three months.
3253:
Iodine-124 is a proton-rich isotope of iodine with a half-life of 4.18 days. Its modes of decay are: 74.4% electron capture, 25.6% positron emission. I decays to Te. Iodine-124 can be made by numerous nuclear reactions via a
3818:
Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04).
3454:) However, these epidemiological effects are seen primarily in children, and treatment of adults and children with therapeutic I, and epidemiology of adults exposed to low-dose I has not demonstrated carcinogenicity.
505:—one that is found in nature only as a single nuclide. Most I derived radioactivity on Earth is man-made, an unwanted long-lived byproduct of early nuclear tests and nuclear fission accidents.
578:, at the site. Note the prominence of radiation from I-131 and Te-132/I-132 for the first week. (Image using data from the OECD report, and the second edition of 'The radiochemical manual'.)
3273:. In this use, the nuclide is chemically bonded to a pharmaceutical to form a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical, and injected into the body, where again it is imaged by PET scan.
2820:# – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
3804:
4294:
457:
3124:
and other medical processes and less damaging internally to the patient. There are some situations in which iodine-124 and iodine-125 are also used in medicine.
2834:# – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
3879:
Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*".
3490:
from accumulated iodine-135 can temporarily preclude a shut-down reactor from restarting. This is known as xenon poisoning or "falling into an
2987:
Produced as a decay product of Te in nuclear reactors, in turn decays to Xe, which, if allowed to build up, can shut down reactors due to the
7188:
7157:
4287:
3968:"Radiotoxicity of Some Iodine-123, Iodine-125, and Iodine-131-Labeled Compounds in Mouse Testes: Implications for Radiopharmaceutical Design"
3779:
3762:
3158:
isotopes iodine-123 (half-life 13 hours), and (less commonly) the longer-lived and less energetic iodine-125 (half-life 59 days) are used as
450:
7193:
3025:
53:
4221:
3319:
dispersion into the natural environment. In a similar fashion, I was used in rainwater studies to track fission products following the
3195:
imaging, but can still be seen, and this longer-lived isotope is necessary in tests that require several days of imaging, for example,
3242:
3572:
3091:
119:
3539:
4280:
3072:
443:
100:
4197:
4008:
3044:
501:
sources of I produce very tiny quantities of it that are too small to affect atomic weight measurements; iodine is thus also a
72:
3162:
tracers to evaluate the anatomic and physiologic function of the thyroid. Abnormal results may be caused by disorders such as
3752:
3029:
57:
4095:
4259:
3051:
79:
7152:
4231:
4201:
3744:
3262:
4111:
Hertz, Barbara; Schuleller, Kristin (2010). "Saul Hertz, MD (1905 - 1950) A Pioneer in the Use of
Radioactive Iodine".
7178:
7147:
3975:
3421:
or hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue and for elimination of remaining thyroid tissue after surgery for the treatment of
3554:
3503:(half-life 25 minutes) can decay to either tellurium-128 by electron capture or to xenon-128 by beta decay. It has a
559:) are given to the populace after nuclear accidents or explosions (and in some cases prior to any such incident as a
4057:
E. Rault; et al. (2007). "Comparison of Image
Quality of Different Iodine Isotopes (I-123, I-124, and I-131)".
4004:"Function, Discovery, and Exploitation of Plant Pattern Recognition Receptors for Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance"
3058:
86:
4017:
3462:
Iodine-135 is an isotope of iodine with a half-life of 6.6 hours. It is an important isotope from the viewpoint of
3167:
3132:). Iodine-125 is the only other iodine radioisotope used in radiation therapy, but only as an implanted capsule in
3550:
3018:
46:
6145:
6141:
544:
516:
production of this isotope is important in nuclear reactor control, as it decays to Xe, the most powerful known
6880:
6876:
6572:
6568:
6271:
6267:
3040:
68:
7090:
7086:
7048:
7044:
7027:
7023:
6397:
6393:
6313:
6309:
6292:
6288:
4423:
3463:
2773:
643:
512:
The isotope I has a half-life less than seven hours, which is too short to be used in biology. Unavoidable
6719:
6715:
6677:
6673:
6614:
6610:
6490:
6486:
6469:
6465:
6418:
6414:
6250:
6246:
6187:
6183:
6124:
6120:
5420:
5416:
5399:
5395:
4810:
4806:
4321:
3504:
429:
385:
207:
7006:
7002:
6964:
6960:
6943:
6939:
6922:
6918:
6803:
6799:
6593:
6589:
6530:
6526:
6439:
6435:
6376:
6372:
6355:
6351:
5609:
5605:
5483:
5479:
5441:
5437:
5357:
5353:
5313:
5309:
5178:
5174:
5031:
5027:
4903:
4899:
4768:
4764:
4745:
4741:
4566:
4562:
4146:
Robbins, Jacob; Schneider, Arthur B. (2000). "Thyroid cancer following exposure to radioactive iodine".
3479:
3292:
3238:
3211:
3136:, where the isotope never has a chance to be released for chemical interaction with the body's tissues.
532:
3300:
574:
The portion of the total radiation activity (in air) contributed by each isotope versus time after the
3854:
7111:
7107:
6838:
6834:
6656:
6652:
6635:
6631:
6334:
6330:
6075:
6071:
6024:
6020:
6003:
5999:
5940:
5936:
5877:
5873:
5793:
5789:
5772:
5768:
5730:
5726:
5588:
5584:
5292:
5288:
5220:
5216:
5010:
5006:
4989:
4985:
4968:
4964:
4947:
4943:
4852:
4848:
4673:
4669:
4631:
4627:
4492:
4488:
4332:
3725:
3680:
3346:
3196:
502:
483:
3820:
2966:
Can be used to date certain early events in Solar System history and some use for dating groundwater
7069:
7065:
6901:
6897:
6859:
6855:
6782:
6778:
6740:
6736:
6698:
6694:
6229:
6225:
6208:
6204:
6166:
6162:
5982:
5978:
5919:
5915:
5856:
5852:
5814:
5810:
5751:
5747:
5681:
5677:
5525:
5521:
5462:
5458:
5378:
5374:
5336:
5332:
5262:
5258:
5241:
5237:
5199:
5195:
5157:
5153:
4924:
4920:
4789:
4785:
4545:
4541:
3767:
3601:), which is used to image or treat neural tissue tumors, or iodinated fibrinogen, which is used in
3439:
3184:
2861:
490:
3383:
is seen as a dark sphere in the center of the body (it is in the left adrenal gland). Image is by
6985:
6981:
6761:
6757:
6551:
6547:
6096:
6092:
5835:
5831:
5702:
5698:
5546:
5542:
5504:
5500:
5115:
5111:
5094:
5090:
5073:
5069:
4831:
4827:
4724:
4720:
4652:
4648:
4610:
4606:
4515:
4511:
4179:
3617:
3451:
3354:
3320:
2975:
575:
552:
498:
494:
302:
3422:
3163:
3065:
93:
7142:
7136:
6045:
6041:
5926:
5651:
5647:
4873:
4869:
4589:
4585:
4171:
4163:
4128:
4074:
4039:
4031:
3984:
3836:
3775:
3606:
sequestered by thyroid gland and inadvertently administer a radiological dose to that tissue.
654:
548:
190:
170:
161:
3593:
and therapy with some radioiodinated compounds that are not targeted to the thyroid, such as
6457:
6063:
5961:
5957:
5898:
5894:
5669:
5280:
5136:
5132:
5052:
5048:
4891:
4712:
4694:
4690:
4533:
4480:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4307:
4235:
4226:
4155:
4120:
4066:
4021:
3927:
3888:
3828:
3733:
3688:
3609:
3587:
3380:
3227:
3171:
3159:
2939:
2871:
2851:
2313:
1137:
648:
556:
531:
In addition to commercial production, I (half-life 8 days) is one of the common radioactive
517:
317:
246:
3709:
3664:
3116:
such as the life sciences and nuclear power, as detailed below. Mentions of radioiodine in
482:
I) from I to I; all undergo radioactive decay except I, which is stable. Iodine is thus a
7183:
5567:
5563:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4099:
3705:
3660:
3613:
3483:
3467:
3219:
3113:
2955:
2881:
699:
540:
536:
218:
3946:
4026:
4003:
3967:
3729:
3684:
493:, I, has a half-life of 15.7 million years, which is far too short for it to exist as a
3912:
3519:
Nonradioactive iodide (I) as protection from unwanted radioiodine uptake by the thyroid
3475:
3431:
3418:
3203:
2795:
601:
570:
290:
3375:
7172:
6152:
3223:
3215:
3133:
2922:( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
635:
613:
594:
560:
277:
252:
227:
195:
4272:
4183:
3737:
3692:
6887:
6579:
6278:
4395:
4327:
3590:
3387:
3358:
3350:
4267:
4092:
7097:
7055:
7034:
6404:
6320:
6299:
4390:
3760:
Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the
Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.).
3327:
3270:
3266:
3155:
3117:
3007:
683:
608:
35:
3931:
3892:
6726:
6684:
6621:
6497:
6476:
6425:
6257:
6194:
6131:
5427:
5406:
4817:
4159:
3642:
3602:
3594:
3491:
3426:
3413:
3370:
3304:
3282:
3261:
Iodine-124 as the iodide salt can be used to directly image the thyroid using
3234:
3179:
3149:
3145:
2988:
2811:) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
1924:
1763:
1558:
1496:
710:
627:
525:
330:
297:
259:
202:
4167:
4035:
3840:
7013:
6971:
6950:
6929:
6810:
6600:
6537:
6446:
6383:
6362:
5616:
5490:
5448:
5364:
5320:
5185:
5038:
4910:
4775:
4752:
4573:
4415:
4405:
4400:
3771:
3487:
3471:
3315:
3288:
3255:
3175:
2214:
621:
547:
during the first week after accidental environmental contamination from the
374:
351:
323:
175:
4175:
4132:
4078:
4043:
3988:
3832:
3218:
in the treatment of cancer at sites other than the thyroid, especially in
17:
7118:
6845:
6663:
6642:
6341:
6082:
6031:
6010:
5947:
5884:
5800:
5779:
5737:
5595:
5299:
5227:
5017:
4996:
4975:
4954:
4859:
4680:
4638:
4499:
4070:
3951:
3188:
7076:
6908:
6866:
6789:
6747:
6705:
6236:
6215:
6173:
5989:
5863:
5821:
5758:
5688:
5532:
5469:
5385:
5343:
5269:
5248:
5206:
5164:
4931:
4796:
4552:
4410:
4303:
4222:"Potassium Iodide as a Thyroid Blocking Agent in Radiation Emergencies"
4124:
3821:"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"
3311:
3032: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
564:
563:
mechanism) to reduce the uptake of radioactive iodine compounds by the
521:
471:
134:
3700:
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
6992:
6768:
6558:
6103:
5842:
5709:
5637:
5553:
5511:
5122:
5101:
5080:
4838:
4731:
4659:
4617:
4522:
3339:
475:
138:
3557:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
3945:
Augustine George; James T Lane; Arlen D Meyers (January 17, 2013).
3911:
Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021).
3800:
6052:
5658:
4880:
4596:
3748:
3374:
3331:
3296:
539:, and is thus produced inadvertently in very large amounts inside
27:
Nuclides with atomic number of 53 but with different mass numbers
5968:
5905:
5143:
5059:
4701:
3598:
3443:
3384:
3307:
3129:
3120:
contexts refer more often to iodine-131 than to other isotopes.
2901:
as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
4276:
3482:, which is a cause of multiple complications in the control of
3425:. The purpose of this therapy, which was first explored by Dr.
3112:. Dozens exist, but about a half dozen are the most notable in
567:
before the highly radioactive isotopes have had time to decay.
5574:
3522:
3335:
3001:
29:
4268:
Iodine-128, Iodine-130, Iodine-132 data from 'Wolframalpha'
3858:
3330:. It is a soluble halogen, exists mainly as a non-sorbing
2913:
as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
3438:
radioisotope used in other water-soluble iodine-labeled
3357:
scheme, which covers the first 85 million years of
3546:
400:
384:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3704:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
3659:Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean;
3466:. It is produced in relatively large amounts as a
3353:. Its decay is the basis of the I-Xe iodine-xenon
3913:"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"
4198:"Frequently Asked Questions on Potassium Iodide"
3258:. The most common starting material used is Te.
3612:has been distributed to populations exposed to
3269:with a usefully longer half-life compared with
551:from a nuclear power plant. Thus highly dosed
4288:
4002:Boutrot, Freddy; Zipfel, Cyril (2017-08-04).
451:
8:
4148:Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
4059:Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals
3906:
3904:
3902:
3265:(PET). Iodine-124 can also be used as a PET
3178:nuclides, but in neither case are these the
132:
3714:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
3669:evaluation of nuclear and decay properties"
3446:) used therapeutically to destroy tissues.
4295:
4281:
4273:
4262:The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's
2807:( ) – Uncertainty (1
2774:
458:
444:
4025:
3573:Learn how and when to remove this message
3349:to be identified as present in the early
3310:interaction with tellurium-130, and also
3092:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3586:uptake with potassium iodide is used in
1663:
586:
569:
154:
3792:
2787:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
131:
5630:
3763:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3202:Both I and I emit copious low energy
2978:, also found as nuclear contamination
2951:
2949:
2947:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2166:
2010:
1828:
1178:
1003:
363:
360:
337:
334:
306:
301:
289:
286:
266:
263:
239:
236:
211:
206:
7:
3291:15.7 million years) is a product of
3210:Iodine-125 is also commonly used by
3030:adding citations to reliable sources
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4027:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120106
3947:"Radioactive Iodine Uptake Testing"
3243:plant pattern recognition receptors
3104:Radioisotopes of iodine are called
4091:BV Cyclotron VU, Amsterdam, 2016,
25:
4093:Information on Iodine-124 for PET
3966:V. R. Narra; et al. (1992).
3801:"Standard Atomic Weights: Iodine"
6825:
6517:
6456:
6111:
6062:
5717:
5668:
5279:
4890:
4711:
4532:
4479:
3527:
3006:
34:
4009:Annual Review of Phytopathology
3738:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
3693:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
3199:imaging to detect blood clots.
3017:needs additional citations for
2768:This table header & footer:
45:needs additional citations for
3753:Brookhaven National Laboratory
3326:In some ways, I is similar to
524:responsible for the so-called
1:
3855:"Nuclear Data Evaluation Lab"
3498:Iodine-128 and other isotopes
7189:Lists of isotopes by element
4232:Food and Drug Administration
4202:Food and Drug Administration
3745:National Nuclear Data Center
3486:. The process of buildup of
3263:positron emission tomography
2794:I – Excited
7194:Nuclear safety and security
3976:Journal of Nuclear Medicine
3553:the claims made and adding
7210:
6506:
4759:
4580:
4506:
4260:Iodine isotopes data from
3825:Pure and Applied Chemistry
3478:with a very large thermal
3368:
3280:
3174:(EC) to the corresponding
3143:
2765:
7132:
6822:
4314:
3170:. Both isotopes decay by
3140:Iodine-123 and iodine-125
2745:
2742:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2657:
2654:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2613:
2610:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2569:
2566:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2525:
2522:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2489:
2486:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2445:
2442:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2409:
2406:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2366:
2351:
2348:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2307:
2304:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2260:
2181:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2114:
2092:
2070:
2025:
2022:
2013:
2007:
1958:
1904:
1882:
1860:
1843:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1743:
1721:
1702:
1699:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1632:
1615:
1612:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1476:
1454:
1432:
1410:
1393:
1390:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1348:
1296:
1274:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1175:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1089:
1018:
1015:
1006:
1000:
980:
977:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
936:
933:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
884:
881:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
840:
837:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
788:
785:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
752:
749:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
694:
691:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
662:
653:
642:
634:
626:
620:
607:
600:
593:
589:
545:radioactive contamination
439:
357:
329:
296:
283:
258:
233:
201:
160:
157:
153:
3932:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
3893:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf
3706:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
3661:Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik
4468:Chalcogens
4160:10.1023/A:1010031115233
3464:nuclear reactor physics
3338:forms (commonly, I and
3295:on various isotopes of
3237:in investigating which
3168:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
3632:olution of potassium (
3620:. The iodide solution
3616:accidents such as the
3505:specific radioactivity
3391:
2093:1729.137(10) keV
2071:1634.148(10) keV
579:
386:Standard atomic weight
3833:10.1515/pac-2019-0603
3655:Isotope masses from:
3480:neutron cross section
3378:
3293:cosmic ray spallation
3212:radiation oncologists
2998:Notable radioisotopes
1905:85.1099(10) keV
1883:82.3960(19) keV
1829:39.9525(13) keV
573:
4071:10.1089/cbr.2006.323
3749:"NuDat 2.x database"
3440:radiopharmaceuticals
3347:extinct radionuclide
3041:"Isotopes of iodine"
3026:improve this article
2167:316.49(22) keV
1861:69.5865(7) keV
1777:1.614(12)×10 y
1744:167.368(4) keV
1722:137.851(3) keV
1633:111.00(23) keV
503:mononuclidic element
484:monoisotopic element
69:"Isotopes of iodine"
54:improve this article
7158:Isotopes by element
7153:Metastable isotopes
3768:Boca Raton, Florida
3730:2003NuPhA.729....3A
3685:2003NuPhA.729....3A
3228:radioimmunoassaying
3185:internal conversion
2898:Bold italics symbol
2862:Isomeric transition
2115:2493.7(4) keV
1959:1918.4(4) keV
1510:13.2232(15) h
1349:2376.9(4) keV
1254:81.67(18) min
491:radioactive isotope
470:There are 40 known
150:
7179:Isotopes of iodine
7148:Tables of nuclides
4125:10.4158/EP10065.CO
4113:Endocrine Practice
4098:2017-10-26 at the
3618:Chernobyl disaster
3538:possibly contains
3452:Chernobyl disaster
3392:
3355:radiometric dating
3321:Chernobyl disaster
3106:radioactive iodine
2976:Cosmogenic nuclide
1689:24.99(2) min
1480:146.5(12) ns
1477:444.1(5) keV
1455:394.1(5) keV
1433:379.4(5) keV
1411:314.9(4) keV
1297:320(150) keV
1275:72.61(9) keV
1179:188.8(7) keV
1090:430.4(5) keV
1004:265.9(5) keV
663:Excitation energy
580:
576:Chernobyl disaster
553:iodine supplements
495:primordial nuclide
489:Its longest-lived
7166:
7165:
7137:Table of nuclides
7127:
7126:
7114:
7093:
7072:
7051:
7030:
7009:
6988:
6967:
6946:
6925:
6904:
6883:
6862:
6841:
6806:
6785:
6764:
6743:
6722:
6701:
6680:
6659:
6638:
6617:
6596:
6575:
6554:
6533:
6493:
6472:
6442:
6421:
6400:
6379:
6358:
6337:
6316:
6295:
6274:
6253:
6232:
6211:
6190:
6169:
6148:
6127:
6099:
6078:
6048:
6027:
6006:
5985:
5964:
5943:
5922:
5901:
5880:
5859:
5838:
5817:
5796:
5775:
5754:
5733:
5705:
5684:
5654:
5633:
5612:
5591:
5570:
5549:
5528:
5507:
5486:
5465:
5444:
5423:
5402:
5381:
5360:
5339:
5316:
5295:
5265:
5244:
5223:
5202:
5181:
5160:
5139:
5118:
5097:
5076:
5055:
5034:
5013:
4992:
4971:
4950:
4927:
4906:
4876:
4855:
4834:
4813:
4792:
4771:
4748:
4727:
4697:
4676:
4655:
4634:
4613:
4592:
4569:
4548:
4518:
4495:
4465:Pnictogens
4426:
4324:
4308:chemical elements
3920:Chinese Physics C
3881:Chinese Physics C
3781:978-0-8493-0485-9
3766:(85th ed.).
3718:Nuclear Physics A
3713:
3673:Nuclear Physics A
3668:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3540:original research
3233:I is used as the
3214:in low dose rate
3102:
3101:
3094:
3076:
2887:
2886:
2785:
2784:
2646:89.7(93) ms
2398:2.280(11) s
2370:1.26(16) μs
2367:67.9(3) keV
2296:24.13(12) s
2261:206(15) keV
2170:3.52(4) min
2146:52.5(2) min
2014:1.387(15) h
2011:110(11) keV
1990:2.295(13) h
1938:8.0249(6) d
1935:130.90612638(65)
1832:8.84(6) min
1572:59.392(8) d
1540:4.1760(3) d
1436:79.1(12) μs
1414:193.3(9) ns
1380:3.63(6) min
1218:19.1(4) min
1160:13.7(5) min
1121:2.22(4) min
1093:3.27(16) μs
549:radioactive waste
468:
467:
380:
379:
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
7201:
7112:§ List
7106:
7091:§ List
7085:
7070:§ List
7064:
7049:§ List
7043:
7028:§ List
7022:
7007:§ List
7001:
6986:§ List
6980:
6965:§ List
6959:
6944:§ List
6938:
6923:§ List
6917:
6902:§ List
6896:
6881:§ List
6875:
6860:§ List
6854:
6839:§ List
6833:
6829:
6828:
6804:§ List
6798:
6783:§ List
6777:
6762:§ List
6756:
6741:§ List
6735:
6720:§ List
6714:
6699:§ List
6693:
6678:§ List
6672:
6657:§ List
6651:
6636:§ List
6630:
6615:§ List
6609:
6594:§ List
6588:
6573:§ List
6567:
6552:§ List
6546:
6531:§ List
6525:
6521:
6520:
6491:§ List
6485:
6470:§ List
6464:
6460:
6440:§ List
6434:
6419:§ List
6413:
6398:§ List
6392:
6377:§ List
6371:
6356:§ List
6350:
6335:§ List
6329:
6314:§ List
6308:
6293:§ List
6287:
6272:§ List
6266:
6251:§ List
6245:
6230:§ List
6224:
6209:§ List
6203:
6188:§ List
6182:
6167:§ List
6161:
6146:§ List
6140:
6125:§ List
6119:
6115:
6114:
6097:§ List
6091:
6076:§ List
6070:
6066:
6046:§ List
6040:
6025:§ List
6019:
6004:§ List
5998:
5983:§ List
5977:
5962:§ List
5956:
5941:§ List
5935:
5920:§ List
5914:
5899:§ List
5893:
5878:§ List
5872:
5857:§ List
5851:
5836:§ List
5830:
5815:§ List
5809:
5794:§ List
5788:
5773:§ List
5767:
5752:§ List
5746:
5731:§ List
5725:
5721:
5720:
5703:§ List
5697:
5682:§ List
5676:
5672:
5652:§ List
5646:
5631:§ List
5625:
5610:§ List
5604:
5589:§ List
5583:
5568:§ List
5562:
5547:§ List
5541:
5526:§ List
5520:
5505:§ List
5499:
5484:§ List
5478:
5463:§ List
5457:
5442:§ List
5436:
5421:§ List
5415:
5400:§ List
5394:
5379:§ List
5373:
5358:§ List
5352:
5337:§ List
5331:
5314:§ List
5308:
5293:§ List
5287:
5283:
5263:§ List
5257:
5242:§ List
5236:
5221:§ List
5215:
5200:§ List
5194:
5179:§ List
5173:
5158:§ List
5152:
5137:§ List
5131:
5116:§ List
5110:
5095:§ List
5089:
5074:§ List
5068:
5053:§ List
5047:
5032:§ List
5026:
5011:§ List
5005:
4990:§ List
4984:
4969:§ List
4963:
4948:§ List
4942:
4925:§ List
4919:
4904:§ List
4898:
4894:
4874:§ List
4868:
4853:§ List
4847:
4832:§ List
4826:
4811:§ List
4805:
4790:§ List
4784:
4769:§ List
4763:
4746:§ List
4740:
4725:§ List
4719:
4715:
4695:§ List
4689:
4674:§ List
4668:
4653:§ List
4647:
4632:§ List
4626:
4611:§ List
4605:
4590:§ List
4584:
4567:§ List
4561:
4546:§ List
4540:
4536:
4516:§ List
4510:
4493:§ List
4487:
4483:
4422:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4234:. Archived from
4227:Federal Register
4218:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4143:
4137:
4136:
4108:
4102:
4089:
4083:
4082:
4054:
4048:
4047:
4029:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3983:(12): 2196–201.
3972:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3917:
3908:
3897:
3896:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3857:. Archived from
3851:
3845:
3844:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3797:
3785:
3756:
3740:
3711:
3695:
3666:
3610:Potassium iodide
3603:fibrinogen scans
3588:nuclear medicine
3578:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3558:
3555:inline citations
3531:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3512:
3484:nuclear reactors
3470:, and decays to
3411:
3410:
3409:
3402:
3401:
3381:Pheochromocytoma
3187:electron (not a
3172:electron capture
3114:applied sciences
3097:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3034:
3010:
3002:
2992:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2942:
2936:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2894:
2888:
2872:Neutron emission
2852:Electron capture
2845:
2844:
2843:Modes of decay:
2841:
2835:
2832:
2821:
2818:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2781:
2776:
2514:235(11) ms
2511:141.9411666(53)
2434:588(10) ms
2395:138.9264934(43)
2337:137.9227264(64)
2293:136.9180282(90)
2264:46.6(11) s
2205:134.9100594(22)
2143:133.9097757(52)
2118:469(15) ns
2052:20.83(8) h
2049:132.9078284(63)
1987:131.9079935(44)
1886:315(15) ns
1808:12.36(1) h
1805:129.9066702(34)
1774:128.9049836(34)
1747:175(15) ns
1725:845(20) ns
1686:127.9058094(39)
1661:126.9044726(39)
1602:12.93(5) d
1599:125.9056242(41)
1569:124.9046306(15)
1537:123.9062103(25)
1507:122.9055898(40)
1458:78.2(4) μs
1377:121.9075901(56)
1352:9.0(14) μs
1327:120.9074115(51)
1182:8.5(5) min
1071:2.91(15) s
1043:1.3(2) min
969:2.01(15) s
922:112.9236501(86)
826:110.9302692(51)
777:664(24) ms
741:92.8(8) μs
738:108.9380860(72)
680:26.4(8) ms
617:
587:
583:List of isotopes
557:potassium iodide
541:nuclear reactors
533:fission products
518:neutron absorber
460:
453:
446:
427:
425:
418:
417:
413:
410:
396:
371:
366:
348:
345:
340:
320:
313:
311:
274:
269:
249:
242:
224:
221:
214:
187:
155:
151:
149:
148:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
7209:
7208:
7204:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7199:
7198:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7162:
7128:
7122:
7115:
7101:
7094:
7080:
7073:
7059:
7052:
7038:
7031:
7017:
7010:
6996:
6989:
6975:
6968:
6954:
6947:
6933:
6926:
6912:
6905:
6891:
6884:
6870:
6863:
6849:
6842:
6826:
6814:
6807:
6793:
6786:
6772:
6765:
6751:
6744:
6730:
6723:
6709:
6702:
6688:
6681:
6667:
6660:
6646:
6639:
6625:
6618:
6604:
6597:
6583:
6576:
6562:
6555:
6541:
6534:
6518:
6501:
6494:
6480:
6473:
6450:
6443:
6429:
6422:
6408:
6401:
6387:
6380:
6366:
6359:
6345:
6338:
6324:
6317:
6303:
6296:
6282:
6275:
6261:
6254:
6240:
6233:
6219:
6212:
6198:
6191:
6177:
6170:
6156:
6149:
6135:
6128:
6112:
6107:
6100:
6086:
6079:
6056:
6049:
6035:
6028:
6014:
6007:
5993:
5986:
5972:
5965:
5951:
5944:
5930:
5923:
5909:
5902:
5888:
5881:
5867:
5860:
5846:
5839:
5825:
5818:
5804:
5797:
5783:
5776:
5762:
5755:
5741:
5734:
5718:
5713:
5706:
5692:
5685:
5662:
5655:
5641:
5634:
5620:
5613:
5599:
5592:
5578:
5571:
5557:
5550:
5536:
5529:
5515:
5508:
5494:
5487:
5473:
5466:
5452:
5445:
5431:
5424:
5410:
5403:
5389:
5382:
5368:
5361:
5347:
5340:
5324:
5317:
5303:
5296:
5273:
5266:
5252:
5245:
5231:
5224:
5210:
5203:
5189:
5182:
5168:
5161:
5147:
5140:
5126:
5119:
5105:
5098:
5084:
5077:
5063:
5056:
5042:
5035:
5021:
5014:
5000:
4993:
4979:
4972:
4958:
4951:
4935:
4928:
4914:
4907:
4884:
4877:
4863:
4856:
4842:
4835:
4821:
4814:
4800:
4793:
4779:
4772:
4756:
4749:
4735:
4728:
4705:
4698:
4684:
4677:
4663:
4656:
4642:
4635:
4621:
4614:
4600:
4593:
4577:
4570:
4556:
4549:
4526:
4519:
4503:
4496:
4471:Halogens
4435:
4430:
4310:
4301:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4241:
4239:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4206:
4204:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4145:
4144:
4140:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4100:Wayback Machine
4090:
4086:
4056:
4055:
4051:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3944:
3943:
3939:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3900:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3782:
3759:
3743:
3703:
3658:
3652:
3614:nuclear fission
3579:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3544:
3532:
3528:
3521:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3468:fission product
3460:
3423:Graves' disease
3419:thyroid nodules
3408:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3373:
3367:
3343:
3287:Iodine-129 (I;
3285:
3279:
3251:
3220:prostate cancer
3204:Auger electrons
3197:fibrinogen scan
3164:Graves' disease
3160:nuclear imaging
3152:
3144:Main articles:
3142:
3098:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3035:
3033:
3023:
3011:
3000:
2995:
2986:
2982:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2961:
2956:Fission product
2954:
2945:
2937:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2891:
2882:Proton emission
2842:
2838:
2833:
2824:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2802:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2766:
2734:
2730:146.96651(32)#
2690:94(26) ms
2687:145.96185(32)#
2643:144.95585(54)#
2599:143.95134(43)#
2558:182(8) ms
2555:142.94548(22)#
2478:420(7) ms
2475:140.935666(17)
2431:139.931716(13)
2340:6.26(3) s
2238:83.4(4) s
2235:135.914605(15)
2208:6.58(3) h
1908:254(4) ns
1864:133(7) ns
1330:2.12(1) h
1300:53(4) min
1278:242(5) ns
1251:119.910094(16)
1215:118.910061(23)
1157:117.913074(21)
1118:116.913646(27)
1068:115.916886(81)
1040:114.918048(31)
966:113.922019(22)
941:α (3.310×10#%)
873:3.34(8) s
870:111.928005(11)
774:109.935085(66)
677:107.94335(11)#
656:
651:
647:
640:
637:
632:
629:
624:
618:
611:
591:
585:
537:nuclear fission
481:
464:
435:
423:
421:
415:
411:
408:
406:
394:
388:
369:
364:
346:
343:
338:
316:
309:
307:
272:
267:
245:
240:
222:
217:
212:
185:
178:
171:abundance
146:
142:
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7207:
7205:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7171:
7170:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7139:
7133:
7130:
7129:
7125:
7124:
7116:
7105:
7103:
7095:
7084:
7082:
7074:
7063:
7061:
7053:
7042:
7040:
7032:
7021:
7019:
7011:
7000:
6998:
6990:
6979:
6977:
6969:
6958:
6956:
6948:
6937:
6935:
6927:
6916:
6914:
6906:
6895:
6893:
6885:
6874:
6872:
6864:
6853:
6851:
6843:
6832:
6830:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6816:
6808:
6797:
6795:
6787:
6776:
6774:
6766:
6755:
6753:
6745:
6734:
6732:
6724:
6713:
6711:
6703:
6692:
6690:
6682:
6671:
6669:
6661:
6650:
6648:
6640:
6629:
6627:
6619:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6587:
6585:
6577:
6566:
6564:
6556:
6545:
6543:
6535:
6524:
6522:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6495:
6484:
6482:
6474:
6463:
6461:
6453:
6452:
6444:
6433:
6431:
6423:
6412:
6410:
6402:
6391:
6389:
6381:
6370:
6368:
6360:
6349:
6347:
6339:
6328:
6326:
6318:
6307:
6305:
6297:
6286:
6284:
6276:
6265:
6263:
6255:
6244:
6242:
6234:
6223:
6221:
6213:
6202:
6200:
6192:
6181:
6179:
6171:
6160:
6158:
6150:
6139:
6137:
6129:
6118:
6116:
6109:
6101:
6090:
6088:
6080:
6069:
6067:
6059:
6058:
6050:
6039:
6037:
6029:
6018:
6016:
6008:
5997:
5995:
5987:
5976:
5974:
5966:
5955:
5953:
5945:
5934:
5932:
5924:
5913:
5911:
5903:
5892:
5890:
5882:
5871:
5869:
5861:
5850:
5848:
5840:
5829:
5827:
5819:
5808:
5806:
5798:
5787:
5785:
5777:
5766:
5764:
5756:
5745:
5743:
5735:
5724:
5722:
5715:
5707:
5696:
5694:
5686:
5675:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5656:
5645:
5643:
5635:
5624:
5622:
5614:
5603:
5601:
5593:
5582:
5580:
5572:
5561:
5559:
5551:
5540:
5538:
5530:
5519:
5517:
5509:
5498:
5496:
5488:
5477:
5475:
5467:
5456:
5454:
5446:
5435:
5433:
5425:
5414:
5412:
5404:
5393:
5391:
5383:
5372:
5370:
5362:
5351:
5349:
5341:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5318:
5307:
5305:
5297:
5286:
5284:
5276:
5275:
5267:
5256:
5254:
5246:
5235:
5233:
5225:
5214:
5212:
5204:
5193:
5191:
5183:
5172:
5170:
5162:
5151:
5149:
5141:
5130:
5128:
5120:
5109:
5107:
5099:
5088:
5086:
5078:
5067:
5065:
5057:
5046:
5044:
5036:
5025:
5023:
5015:
5004:
5002:
4994:
4983:
4981:
4973:
4962:
4960:
4952:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4929:
4918:
4916:
4908:
4897:
4895:
4887:
4886:
4878:
4867:
4865:
4857:
4846:
4844:
4836:
4825:
4823:
4815:
4804:
4802:
4794:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4750:
4739:
4737:
4729:
4718:
4716:
4708:
4707:
4699:
4688:
4686:
4678:
4667:
4665:
4657:
4646:
4644:
4636:
4625:
4623:
4615:
4604:
4602:
4594:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4571:
4560:
4558:
4550:
4539:
4537:
4529:
4528:
4520:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4497:
4486:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4432:
4431:alkali metals
4427:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4255:
4254:External links
4252:
4249:
4248:
4213:
4189:
4154:(3): 197–203.
4138:
4119:(4): 713–715.
4103:
4084:
4065:(3): 423–430.
4049:
4018:Annual Reviews
3994:
3958:
3937:
3898:
3871:
3846:
3810:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3757:
3741:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3651:
3648:
3581:
3580:
3535:
3533:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3499:
3496:
3476:nuclear poison
3459:
3456:
3432:thyroid cancer
3407:
3399:
3369:Main article:
3366:
3363:
3341:
3281:Main article:
3278:
3275:
3250:
3247:
3156:gamma-emitting
3141:
3138:
3100:
3099:
3014:
3012:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2980:
2968:
2959:
2943:
2924:
2915:
2903:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2836:
2822:
2813:
2800:
2796:nuclear isomer
2786:
2783:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2602:94(8) ms
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2317:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1962:24(1) μs
1960:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1007:6.2(5) s
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
990:
989:
986:
982:
981:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
954:
953:
950:
946:
945:
942:
938:
937:
935:
932:
929:
926:
925:6.6(2) s
923:
920:
917:
914:
910:
909:
906:
902:
901:
898:
897:β, α (0.104%)
894:
893:
890:
886:
885:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
858:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
842:
841:
839:
836:
833:
830:
829:2.5(2) s
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
813:
810:
806:
805:
802:
798:
797:
794:
790:
789:
787:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
726:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
707:
706:
703:
696:
695:
693:
690:
687:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
660:
659:
652:
641:
633:
625:
619:
606:
599:
592:
584:
581:
479:
466:
465:
463:
462:
455:
448:
440:
437:
436:
434:
433:
419:
403:
401:
398:
397:
392:
382:
381:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
359:
355:
354:
349:
341:
336:
333:
327:
326:
321:
314:
305:
300:
294:
293:
288:
285:
281:
280:
275:
270:
265:
262:
256:
255:
250:
243:
238:
235:
231:
230:
225:
215:
213:13.2232 h
210:
205:
199:
198:
193:
188:
183:
173:
168:
165:
164:
159:
158:Main isotopes
144:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7206:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7134:
7131:
7121:
7120:
7113:
7109:
7104:
7100:
7099:
7092:
7088:
7083:
7079:
7078:
7071:
7067:
7062:
7058:
7057:
7050:
7046:
7041:
7037:
7036:
7029:
7025:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7008:
7004:
6999:
6995:
6994:
6987:
6983:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6966:
6962:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6945:
6941:
6936:
6932:
6931:
6924:
6920:
6915:
6911:
6910:
6903:
6899:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6882:
6878:
6873:
6869:
6868:
6861:
6857:
6852:
6848:
6847:
6840:
6836:
6831:
6824:
6821:
6817:
6813:
6812:
6805:
6801:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6784:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6770:
6763:
6759:
6754:
6750:
6749:
6742:
6738:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6721:
6717:
6712:
6708:
6707:
6700:
6696:
6691:
6687:
6686:
6679:
6675:
6670:
6666:
6665:
6658:
6654:
6649:
6645:
6644:
6637:
6633:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6603:
6602:
6595:
6591:
6586:
6582:
6581:
6574:
6570:
6565:
6561:
6560:
6553:
6549:
6544:
6540:
6539:
6532:
6528:
6523:
6516:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6509:
6505:
6500:
6499:
6492:
6488:
6483:
6479:
6478:
6471:
6467:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6454:
6449:
6448:
6441:
6437:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6395:
6390:
6386:
6385:
6378:
6374:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6357:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6336:
6332:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6315:
6311:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6294:
6290:
6285:
6281:
6280:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6260:
6259:
6252:
6248:
6243:
6239:
6238:
6231:
6227:
6222:
6218:
6217:
6210:
6206:
6201:
6197:
6196:
6189:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6168:
6164:
6159:
6155:
6154:
6147:
6143:
6138:
6134:
6133:
6126:
6122:
6117:
6110:
6106:
6105:
6098:
6094:
6089:
6085:
6084:
6077:
6073:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6060:
6055:
6054:
6047:
6043:
6038:
6034:
6033:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6005:
6001:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5984:
5980:
5975:
5971:
5970:
5963:
5959:
5954:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5929:
5928:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5908:
5907:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5886:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5865:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5844:
5837:
5833:
5828:
5824:
5823:
5816:
5812:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5795:
5791:
5786:
5782:
5781:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5761:
5760:
5753:
5749:
5744:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5716:
5712:
5711:
5704:
5700:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5671:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5660:
5653:
5649:
5644:
5640:
5639:
5632:
5628:
5623:
5619:
5618:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5590:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5576:
5569:
5565:
5560:
5556:
5555:
5548:
5544:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5527:
5523:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5506:
5502:
5497:
5493:
5492:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5439:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5422:
5418:
5413:
5409:
5408:
5401:
5397:
5392:
5388:
5387:
5380:
5376:
5371:
5367:
5366:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5346:
5345:
5338:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5301:
5294:
5290:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5251:
5250:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5208:
5201:
5197:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5180:
5176:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5145:
5138:
5134:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5096:
5092:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5054:
5050:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5012:
5008:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4991:
4987:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4956:
4949:
4945:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4875:
4871:
4866:
4862:
4861:
4854:
4850:
4845:
4841:
4840:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4808:
4803:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4787:
4782:
4778:
4777:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4747:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4714:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4682:
4675:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4568:
4564:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4517:
4513:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:earth metals
4433:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4293:
4291:
4286:
4284:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4238:on 2011-10-02
4237:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4203:
4199:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3969:
3962:
3959:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3926:(3): 030001.
3925:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3887:(3): 030003.
3886:
3882:
3875:
3872:
3861:on 2007-01-21
3860:
3856:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3814:
3811:
3806:
3802:
3796:
3793:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3707:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3577:
3574:
3566:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3536:This section
3534:
3525:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3513:10 TBq/g
3506:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3474:, which is a
3473:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3414:beta-emitting
3389:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3257:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3226:, such as in
3225:
3224:gamma counter
3221:
3217:
3216:brachytherapy
3213:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3134:brachytherapy
3131:
3125:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3096:
3093:
3085:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043: –
3042:
3038:
3037:Find sources:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3015:This section
3013:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2840:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2788:
2777:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2739:
2736:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2692:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2651:
2648:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2604:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2563:
2560:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2519:
2516:
2500:
2496:
2494:β, n (21.2%)
2493:
2492:
2483:
2480:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:β, n (7.60%)
2449:
2448:
2439:
2436:
2420:
2416:
2414:β, n (9.74%)
2413:
2412:
2403:
2400:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:β, n (5.33%)
2355:
2354:
2345:
2342:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2301:
2298:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2175:
2172:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2096:~170 ns
2095:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2019:
2016:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1837:
1834:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1223:
1220:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1126:
1123:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1012:
1009:
999:
995:
993:α (7.7×10#%)
992:
991:
987:
984:
983:
974:
971:
955:
951:
948:
947:
943:
940:
939:
930:
927:
911:
907:
904:
903:
899:
896:
895:
891:
889:β, p (0.88%)
888:
887:
878:
875:
859:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
843:
834:
831:
815:
811:
808:
807:
803:
800:
799:
795:
792:
791:
782:
779:
763:
759:
756:
755:
746:
743:
727:
723:
720:
719:
715:
712:
709:
708:
704:
701:
698:
697:
688:
685:
682:
666:
661:
658:
650:
645:
639:
631:
623:
615:
610:
609:Isotopic mass
605:
604:
598:
597:
588:
582:
577:
572:
568:
566:
562:
561:civil defense
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
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342:
339:8.0249 d
332:
328:
325:
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319:
315:
304:
299:
295:
292:
282:
279:
276:
271:
268:59.392 d
261:
257:
254:
251:
248:
244:
241:4.1760 d
232:
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220:
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74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
7141:Categories:
7117:
7096:
7075:
7054:
7033:
7012:
6991:
6970:
6949:
6928:
6907:
6886:
6865:
6844:
6809:
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6725:
6704:
6683:
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6599:
6578:
6557:
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6445:
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6340:
6319:
6298:
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6214:
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6102:
6081:
6051:
6030:
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5988:
5967:
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5925:
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5862:
5841:
5820:
5799:
5778:
5757:
5736:
5708:
5687:
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5626:
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5489:
5468:
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5205:
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5142:
5121:
5100:
5079:
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5037:
5016:
4995:
4974:
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4879:
4858:
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4795:
4774:
4751:
4730:
4700:
4679:
4658:
4637:
4616:
4595:
4572:
4551:
4521:
4498:
4474:Noble gases
4429:Hydrogen and
4261:
4240:. Retrieved
4236:the original
4225:
4216:
4205:. Retrieved
4192:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4087:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4013:
4007:
3997:
3980:
3974:
3961:
3950:
3940:
3923:
3919:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3863:. Retrieved
3859:the original
3849:
3824:
3813:
3795:
3761:
3721:
3717:
3676:
3672:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3608:
3591:scintigraphy
3584:
3569:
3560:
3537:
3501:
3461:
3448:
3436:
3394:Iodine-131 (
3393:
3388:scintigraphy
3359:Solar System
3351:Solar System
3325:
3286:
3260:
3252:
3241:go to which
3232:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3153:
3126:
3122:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3088:
3079:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3036:
3024:Please help
3019:verification
3016:
2983:
2971:
2962:
2940:medical uses
2918:
2910:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2839:
2816:
2808:
2803:
2790:
2767:
2320:
2319:
2271:
2270:
2245:
2244:
2189:
2152:
2074:9(2) s
2033:
1996:
1944:
1851:
1814:
1783:
1711:
1710:
1695:
1664:
1636:128 ns
1623:
1608:
1578:
1546:
1516:
1401:
1386:
1306:
1260:
905:α (0.0012%)
809:β, α (1.1%)
750:(1/2+,3/2+)
744:p (99.986%)
602:
595:
530:
528:phenomenon.
513:
511:
507:
488:
469:
389:
180:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4020:: 257–286.
3361:evolution.
3271:fluorine-18
3267:radiotracer
3118:health care
3110:radioiodine
2911:Bold symbol
2733:60# ms
2437:β (92.40%)
2401:β (90.26%)
2343:β (94.67%)
2299:β (92.49%)
2173:IT (97.7%)
876:β (99.01%)
845:α (0.088%)
832:β (99.91%)
801:β, p (11%)
757:α (0.014%)
365:6.58 h
7173:Categories
4242:2009-06-06
4207:2009-06-06
3865:2009-05-13
3650:References
3643:iodine-131
3595:iobenguane
3547:improve it
3492:iodine pit
3458:Iodine-135
3427:Saul Hertz
3371:Iodine-131
3365:Iodine-131
3305:cosmic ray
3301:atmosphere
3283:Iodine-129
3277:Iodine-129
3249:Iodine-124
3235:radiolabel
3180:metastable
3150:Iodine-125
3146:Iodine-123
3052:newspapers
2991:phenomenon
2989:iodine pit
2481:β (78.8%)
1692:β (93.1%)
1620:β (47.3%)
1605:β (52.7%)
526:iodine pit
520:, and the
499:Cosmogenic
80:newspapers
18:Iodine-109
4168:1389-9155
4036:0066-4286
3841:1365-3075
3772:CRC Press
3724:: 3–128,
3679:: 3–128,
3628:aturated
3551:verifying
3488:xenon-135
3472:xenon-135
3442:(such as
3316:plutonium
3289:half-life
3256:cyclotron
3176:tellurium
2186:β (2.3%)
2017:IT (86%)
1835:IT (84%)
1707:β (6.9%)
1398:EC (22%)
1234:EC (49%)
686:(99.50%)
657:abundance
622:Half-life
555:(usually
395:°(I)
312:10 y
176:half-life
7143:Isotopes
7108:Isotopes
7087:Isotopes
7066:Isotopes
7045:Isotopes
7024:Isotopes
7003:Isotopes
6982:Isotopes
6961:Isotopes
6940:Isotopes
6919:Isotopes
6898:Isotopes
6877:Isotopes
6856:Isotopes
6835:Isotopes
6800:Isotopes
6779:Isotopes
6758:Isotopes
6737:Isotopes
6716:Isotopes
6695:Isotopes
6674:Isotopes
6653:Isotopes
6632:Isotopes
6611:Isotopes
6590:Isotopes
6569:Isotopes
6548:Isotopes
6527:Isotopes
6487:Isotopes
6466:Isotopes
6458:⑧
6436:Isotopes
6415:Isotopes
6394:Isotopes
6373:Isotopes
6352:Isotopes
6331:Isotopes
6310:Isotopes
6289:Isotopes
6268:Isotopes
6247:Isotopes
6226:Isotopes
6205:Isotopes
6184:Isotopes
6163:Isotopes
6142:Isotopes
6121:Isotopes
6093:Isotopes
6072:Isotopes
6064:⑦
6042:Isotopes
6021:Isotopes
6000:Isotopes
5979:Isotopes
5958:Isotopes
5937:Isotopes
5916:Isotopes
5895:Isotopes
5874:Isotopes
5853:Isotopes
5832:Isotopes
5811:Isotopes
5790:Isotopes
5769:Isotopes
5748:Isotopes
5727:Isotopes
5699:Isotopes
5678:Isotopes
5670:⑥
5648:Isotopes
5627:Isotopes
5606:Isotopes
5585:Isotopes
5564:Isotopes
5543:Isotopes
5522:Isotopes
5501:Isotopes
5480:Isotopes
5459:Isotopes
5438:Isotopes
5417:Isotopes
5396:Isotopes
5375:Isotopes
5354:Isotopes
5333:Isotopes
5310:Isotopes
5289:Isotopes
5281:⑤
5259:Isotopes
5238:Isotopes
5217:Isotopes
5196:Isotopes
5175:Isotopes
5154:Isotopes
5133:Isotopes
5112:Isotopes
5091:Isotopes
5070:Isotopes
5049:Isotopes
5028:Isotopes
5007:Isotopes
4986:Isotopes
4965:Isotopes
4944:Isotopes
4921:Isotopes
4900:Isotopes
4892:④
4870:Isotopes
4849:Isotopes
4828:Isotopes
4807:Isotopes
4786:Isotopes
4765:Isotopes
4742:Isotopes
4721:Isotopes
4713:③
4691:Isotopes
4670:Isotopes
4649:Isotopes
4628:Isotopes
4607:Isotopes
4586:Isotopes
4563:Isotopes
4542:Isotopes
4534:②
4512:Isotopes
4489:Isotopes
4481:①
4434:Alkaline
4304:Isotopes
4184:13575769
4176:11705004
4133:20350908
4096:Archived
4079:17651050
4044:28617654
3952:Medscape
3708:(2003),
3663:(2003),
3563:May 2018
3245:(PRRs).
3189:beta ray
3082:May 2018
2316:(7.51%)
2127:(23/2+)
2105:(15/2−)
2083:(19/2−)
2030:β (14%)
1848:β (16%)
1383:β (78%)
1221:β (51%)
1124:β (77%)
793:α (17%)
780:β (71%)
702:(0.50%)
655:Isotopic
636:Daughter
472:isotopes
430:abridged
135:Isotopes
110:May 2018
7110:
7089:
7068:
7047:
7026:
7005:
6984:
6963:
6942:
6921:
6900:
6879:
6858:
6837:
6818:
6802:
6781:
6760:
6739:
6718:
6697:
6676:
6655:
6634:
6613:
6592:
6571:
6550:
6529:
6489:
6468:
6438:
6417:
6396:
6375:
6354:
6333:
6312:
6291:
6270:
6249:
6228:
6207:
6186:
6165:
6144:
6123:
6095:
6074:
6044:
6023:
6002:
5981:
5960:
5939:
5918:
5897:
5876:
5855:
5834:
5813:
5792:
5771:
5750:
5729:
5701:
5680:
5650:
5629:
5608:
5587:
5566:
5545:
5524:
5503:
5482:
5461:
5440:
5419:
5398:
5377:
5356:
5335:
5312:
5291:
5261:
5240:
5219:
5198:
5177:
5156:
5135:
5114:
5093:
5072:
5051:
5030:
5009:
4988:
4967:
4946:
4923:
4902:
4872:
4851:
4830:
4809:
4788:
4767:
4744:
4723:
4693:
4672:
4651:
4630:
4609:
4588:
4565:
4544:
4514:
4491:
4337:
4306:of the
3989:1460515
3807:. 1985.
3726:Bibcode
3681:Bibcode
3545:Please
3412:) is a
3312:uranium
3299:in the
3239:ligands
3066:scholar
2758:β, 2n?
2713:β, 2n?
2670:β, 2n?
2626:β, 2n?
2582:β, 2n?
2538:β, 2n?
2458:β, 2n?
1672:1.0000
1361:21/2+#
1130:(5/2)+
638:isotope
590:Nuclide
565:thyroid
522:nuclide
514:in situ
428: (
407:126.904
94:scholar
7184:Iodine
4424:Period
4182:
4174:
4166:
4131:
4077:
4042:
4034:
3987:
3839:
3778:
3710:"The N
3665:"The N
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
2809:σ
2750:β, n?
2743:3/2-#
2705:β, n?
2662:β, n?
2655:7/2+#
2618:β, n?
2574:β, n?
2567:7/2+#
2530:β, n?
2487:7/2+#
2407:7/2+#
2305:7/2+#
1971:19/2−
1791:Trace
1665:Stable
1140:(23%)
1052:5/2+#
985:β, p?
949:β, α?
934:5/2+#
853:β, p?
838:5/2+#
721:β, p?
649:parity
476:iodine
422:126.90
361:synth
335:synth
291:stable
264:synth
237:synth
141:
139:iodine
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4322:Group
4180:S2CID
4016:(1).
3971:(PDF)
3916:(PDF)
3805:CIAAW
3712:UBASE
3667:UBASE
3509:2.177
3336:ionic
3332:anion
3303:, in
3297:xenon
3073:JSTOR
3059:books
2443:(2−)
2379:(3−)
2349:(1−)
2277:(6−)
2251:(1−)
2219:7/2+
2179:(8)−
2157:(4)+
2061:7/2+
2023:(8−)
1949:7/2+
1895:(8−)
1788:7/2+
1756:(6)−
1669:5/2+
1583:5/2+
1521:5/2+
1467:(8+)
1339:5/2+
1311:(7−)
1227:5/2+
1191:(7−)
1169:(2−)
1102:(7−)
1016:(7−)
786:(1+)
628:Decay
414:0.000
308:1.614
303:trace
287:100%
208:synth
162:Decay
101:JSTOR
87:books
7123:102
7102:101
7081:100
6502:120
6481:119
6451:118
6430:117
6409:116
6388:115
6367:114
6346:113
6325:112
6304:111
6283:110
6262:109
6241:108
6220:107
6199:106
6178:105
6157:104
6136:103
4172:PMID
4164:ISSN
4129:PMID
4075:PMID
4040:PMID
4032:ISSN
3985:PMID
3837:ISSN
3776:ISBN
3624:, a
3622:SSKI
3599:MIBG
3444:MIBG
3385:MIBG
3314:and
3308:muon
3154:The
3148:and
3130:MIBG
3045:news
2938:Has
2775:view
2611:1−#
2523:2−#
1198:IT?
1023:IT?
882:1+#
692:1+#
644:Spin
630:mode
459:edit
452:talk
445:view
426:0.01
347:100%
223:100%
191:mode
73:news
7060:99
7039:98
7018:97
6997:96
6976:95
6955:94
6934:93
6913:92
6892:91
6871:90
6850:89
6815:70
6794:69
6773:68
6752:67
6731:66
6710:65
6689:64
6668:63
6647:62
6626:61
6605:60
6584:59
6563:58
6542:57
6498:Ubn
6477:Uue
6108:88
6087:87
6057:86
6036:85
6015:84
5994:83
5973:82
5952:81
5931:80
5910:79
5889:78
5868:77
5847:76
5826:75
5805:74
5784:73
5763:72
5742:71
5714:56
5693:55
5663:54
5642:53
5621:52
5600:51
5579:50
5558:49
5537:48
5516:47
5495:46
5474:45
5453:44
5432:43
5411:42
5390:41
5369:40
5348:39
5325:38
5304:37
5274:36
5253:35
5232:34
5211:33
5190:32
5169:31
5148:30
5127:29
5106:28
5085:27
5064:26
5043:25
5022:24
5001:23
4980:22
4959:21
4936:20
4915:19
4885:18
4864:17
4843:16
4822:15
4801:14
4780:13
4757:12
4736:11
4706:10
4156:doi
4121:doi
4067:doi
4022:doi
3928:doi
3889:doi
3829:doi
3734:doi
3722:729
3689:doi
3677:729
3549:by
3507:of
3494:".
3166:or
3108:or
3028:by
2858:IT:
2848:EC:
2761:Xe
2753:Xe
2740:Xe
2737:β?
2727:94
2724:53
2716:Xe
2708:Xe
2696:Xe
2684:93
2681:53
2673:Xe
2665:Xe
2652:Xe
2640:92
2637:53
2629:Xe
2621:Xe
2608:Xe
2596:91
2593:53
2585:Xe
2577:Xe
2564:Xe
2552:90
2549:53
2541:Xe
2533:Xe
2520:Xe
2508:89
2505:53
2497:Xe
2484:Xe
2472:88
2469:53
2461:Xe
2453:Xe
2440:Xe
2428:87
2425:53
2417:Xe
2404:Xe
2392:86
2389:53
2373:IT
2359:Xe
2346:Xe
2334:85
2331:53
2312:β,
2302:Xe
2290:84
2287:53
2232:83
2229:53
2202:82
2199:53
2140:81
2137:53
2121:IT
2099:IT
2077:IT
2058:Xe
2046:80
2043:53
2001:4+
1984:79
1981:53
1965:IT
1932:78
1929:53
1917:6−
1911:IT
1889:IT
1873:6−
1867:IT
1841:2+
1819:5+
1802:77
1799:53
1771:76
1768:53
1750:IT
1734:4−
1728:IT
1700:1+
1683:75
1680:53
1658:74
1655:53
1645:3+
1639:IT
1613:2−
1596:73
1593:53
1575:EC
1566:72
1563:53
1551:2−
1534:71
1531:53
1513:EC
1504:70
1501:53
1489:8−
1483:IT
1461:IT
1445:7−
1439:IT
1423:7−
1417:IT
1391:1+
1374:69
1371:53
1355:IT
1336:Te
1324:68
1321:53
1287:3+
1281:IT
1265:2−
1248:67
1245:53
1237:Te
1224:Te
1212:66
1209:53
1188:Te
1166:Te
1154:65
1151:53
1143:Te
1127:Te
1115:64
1112:53
1096:IT
1080:1+
1077:Te
1065:63
1062:53
1049:Te
1037:62
1034:53
1013:Te
1010:β?
996:Sb
988:Sb
978:1+
975:Te
963:61
960:53
952:Sn
944:Sb
931:Te
919:60
916:53
908:Sb
900:Sn
892:Sb
879:Te
867:59
864:53
856:Te
848:Sb
835:Te
823:58
820:53
812:Sn
804:Sb
796:Sb
783:Te
771:57
768:53
760:Sb
747:Te
735:56
732:53
724:Sb
716:Te
705:Te
689:Sb
674:55
671:53
646:and
535:of
474:of
184:1/2
137:of
56:by
7175::
7119:No
7098:Md
7077:Fm
7056:Es
7035:Cf
7014:Bk
6993:Cm
6972:Am
6951:Pu
6930:Np
6888:Pa
6867:Th
6846:Ac
6811:Yb
6790:Tm
6769:Er
6748:Ho
6727:Dy
6706:Tb
6685:Gd
6664:Eu
6643:Sm
6622:Pm
6601:Nd
6580:Pr
6559:Ce
6538:La
6447:Og
6426:Ts
6405:Lv
6384:Mc
6363:Fl
6342:Nh
6321:Cn
6300:Rg
6279:Ds
6258:Mt
6237:Hs
6216:Bh
6195:Sg
6174:Db
6153:Rf
6132:Lr
6104:Ra
6083:Fr
6053:Rn
6032:At
6011:Po
5990:Bi
5969:Pb
5948:Tl
5927:Hg
5906:Au
5885:Pt
5864:Ir
5843:Os
5822:Re
5780:Ta
5759:Hf
5738:Lu
5710:Ba
5689:Cs
5659:Xe
5617:Te
5596:Sb
5575:Sn
5554:In
5533:Cd
5512:Ag
5491:Pd
5470:Rh
5449:Ru
5428:Tc
5407:Mo
5386:Nb
5365:Zr
5321:Sr
5300:Rb
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