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air molecules having the same polarity as that of the charged tip. Subsequently, the tip repels the like-charged ion cloud, which immediately expands due to the repulsion between the ions themselves. This repulsion of ions creates an electric "wind" that emanates from the tip, usually accompanied by
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due to misconceptions that only positive and negative ions were primarily involved in the phenomenon. A 2018 study found that electrons play a larger role than negative ions during the negative voltage period. As a result, the term "electric wind" has been suggested as a more accurate terminology.
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was the corona discharge pinwheel. The corona discharge from the freely rotating pinwheel arm with ends bent to sharp points gives the air a space charge, which repels the point because the polarity is the same for the point and the air.
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to experimentally determine that electrons and ions play an important role in generating ionic wind. The study was the first to provide direct evidence that the
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exceeds what is known as the corona discharge inception voltage (CIV) gradient, it ionizes the air about the tip, and a small faint purple jet of
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Net electric charges on conductors, including local charge distributions associated with dipoles, reside entirely on their external surface (see
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force responsible for the ionic wind is caused by a charged particle drag that occurs as the electrons and ions push the neutral particles away.
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a hissing noise due to the change in air pressure at the tip. An opposite force acts on the tip that may recoil if not tight to the ground.
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point is much stronger than the field generated by the same charge residing on a large, smooth, spherical conductive shell. When this
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arising at the tips of some sharp conductors (such as points or blades) subjected to high voltage relative to ground. Ion wind is an
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Fun with Static
Electricity, Elliott County 4H - Science Fun, Inc. - Alan Kuehner (ret.) Brookhaven National Laboratory
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can be seen in the dark on the conductive tip. Ionization of the nearby air molecule results in the n generation of
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performs the inverse function, using ambient wind to move ions, which are collected, yielding electrical energy.
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Electrostatic
Pinwheel, European, later 19th century - The Bakken - A Library and Museum of Electricity in Life
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B. Wilson in 1750 demonstrated the recoil force associated to the same corona discharge and precursor to the
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Electrostatic pinwheel:Van de Graaff makes pinwheel spin - Lecture
Demonstrations - UC Berkeley Physics
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Robinson, M. (1960, June 8). Movement of Air in the
Electric Wind of the Corona Discharge. (AD0262830)
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researchers built and successfully flew the first-ever prototype plane propelled by ionic wind,
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Demo 41-06 Pinwheel - Video
Encyclopedia of Physics Demonstrations
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An electrostatic pinwheel, or corona spinner, attached to a small
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Electostatic pinwheel - Indiana
University Demo Reservation
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Charged-particle flow due to high electrostatic potential
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Robinson, M. (1962, May). History of the electric wind.
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In 2018, researchers from South Korea and
Slovenia used
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phenomenon. Ion wind generators can also be considered
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278:: ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF ELECTROGASDYNAMICS"
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74:The term "ionic wind" is considered a
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402:Chu, Jennifer (November 21, 2018).
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222:Field-emission electric propulsion
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212:Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
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432:The Man Who Mastered Gravity
377:American Journal of Physics
169:vaneless ion wind generator
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446:Plasma propulsion in space
129:MIT EAD Airframe Version 2
248:"What causes ionic wind?"
217:Pulsed inductive thruster
207:Magnetohydrodynamic drive
288:(6 Series II): 804–814.
272:Gourdine, M. C. (1968).
276:DIVISION OF ENGINEERING
153:electric field strength
107:Royal Society of London
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466:Spacecraft propulsion
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84:MIT ionic wind plane
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455:Categories
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234:References
149:conductive
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18:Ionic wind
192:Ionocraft
135:Mechanism
408:MIT News
361:Archived
310:Archived
252:Phys.org
175:See also
76:misnomer
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161:ionized
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