368:
476:
254:
466:
Melisende lavishly endowed
Bethany with estates, gold, silver, precious stones, and silk, making it wealthier than any other monastery or church in the kingdom. Ioveta quickly joined the new community. Because Ioveta was only about 18 in 1138, Melisende appointed an elderly abbess, Matilda, intending
628:
Despite their significance, all four daughters of
Baldwin II remain understudied in crusader scholarship, most of all Ioveta. Ernoul's account of sexual abuse during her time as hostage is given much prominence. She is normally mentioned only in passing and traditionally described as a reluctant nun
413:
proposes that
Melisende, who had succeeded Baldwin II upon his death in 1131, may have encouraged Ioveta to become a nun out of concern that Ioveta's status as purple-born might jeopardize Melisende's claim to the throne, but concedes that there is no way to know whether the decision was Ioveta's or
320:
Queen
Morphia's decision to include Ioveta among the hostages sent to Timurtash suggests that the young princess was expected to be well treated, which was "an established tradition within Islam". Nevertheless, for a child of four or five, this experience was likely traumatizing. One source, the
501:
As abbess, Ioveta enjoyed more independence than her married sisters; although a queen, princess, and countess respectively, Melisende, Alice, and
Hodierna were constrained by their father, husbands, and sons. Ioveta conducted transactions with other religious communities, such as Saint Anne's,
537:, remaining close to Bethany and Ioveta, but remained an active and influential participant in state affairs. Reflecting Melisende's view of Ioveta's standing, Ioveta's abbey accepted exclusively noblewomen, but since there were few such candidates in the Latin East,
577:
believes that Ioveta resented
Melisende for committing her to a monastery life, citing Ioveta's failure to request prayers for Melisende from the nuns at Fontevraud, an argument rejected by historian Erin Jordan. Further deaths, of Countesses Hodierna and Sibylla in
331:
by her captors. Contemporary chroniclers do not mention any such incident. In modern historiography, Ernoul's chronicle is often seen not as an accurate representation of events in the Latin East but as propaganda intended to spur
Europeans to assist in the
414:
Melisende's. In any case, this was a common path for the younger children of royal and noble parents; it demonstrated the family's piety and connected them to religious leaders, who exhibited significant influence.
309:, who had succeeded Baldwin as ruler of the northern-most crusader state, was among the children who accompanied Ioveta, but nothing is known about the rest. Ioveta and the other children were turned over to
526:; her only contemporary to do so was her sister the queen. Even more rarely did women have themselves depicted with books on their seals as Ioveta did, presumably to emphasize her piety and erudition.
549:, assisted Baldwin against Muslims, Sibylla stayed at Bethany and became so attached to Ioveta, the abbey, and the land that she decided to stay against her husband's wishes. That same year,
597:, to Bethany to be brought up by Ioveta. Sibylla stayed with her grandaunt for about ten years, awaiting marriage. Since Sibylla was then second in line to the throne, after the king's son,
340:. Sultan Shah ibn Radwan, eager to maintain good relations with neighboring rulers, released Ioveta and the other children when Baldwin returned to Shaizar with his ransom in March 1125.
409:. Yvonne Friedman, relying on Ernoul's account, believes that the rumors of sexual impropriety during her captivity rendered Ioveta unmarriageable in the eyes of her family. Historian
601:, Jordan concludes that the royal family continued to hold Ioveta in high esteem even after Melisende's death. Baldwin IV became king upon Amalric's death in 1174, but because he had
625:
and offers few archaeological clues about burials; the other potential resting place is
Josaphat, where Queens Morphia and Melisende and other women of the royal family were buried.
360:
in 1129. The only unmarried man of appropriate rank left in the Latin East was
Joscelin of Edessa, with whom Ioveta had shared her captivity, but they were second cousins and so
198:. As abbess, Ioveta dealt with other religious communities both within and outside the kingdom. She retained close links to her family, and was the guardian of her grandniece
202:
when the girl was thought likely to succeed to the throne. Despite the secular and spiritual authority she wielded, Ioveta remains an elusive figure in crusader scholarship.
573:
and was no longer able to participate in the administration of the kingdom. Hodierna and Ioveta nursed her for several months until she died on 11 September 1161. Historian
522:
in France. The authority she exercised was both spiritual and secular in nature, and Ioveta was one of the rare 12th-century women (especially in the East) to use her own
301:
had to be provided as security until a ransom had been paid in full. Ioveta and ten other highborn children were thus sent to take her father's place in Muslim captivity.
605:, Sibylla was expected to succeed him. As Sibylla's guardian, Ioveta occupied a position with the potential for significant authority until Sibylla left Bethany to marry
507:
348:
In the late 1120s, Baldwin started arranging the marriages of his daughters and settling the succession to the throne. In 1126, Alice was married off to Prince
1286:
617:
Abbess Ioveta died on 6 September 1178 and was succeeded by Abbess Eva. Ioveta may have been buried in
Bethany, but the abbey was destroyed shortly after
428:
1276:
1271:
629:
without power or much contact with her family. Historian Erin Jordan argues against such a portrayal, emphasizing Ioveta's agency and influence.
553:
died. Countess Sibylla and one of King Baldwin III's aunts, either Countess Hodierna or Abbess Ioveta, intervened to secure the appointment of
467:
that Ioveta should succeed her. By 1144, Matilda had died and Ioveta had become abbess of one of the most significant abbeys in the kingdom.
1195:
1167:
378:
Ioveta's mother, Morphia, died shortly after 1126 or 1127. It is probably at this point that Ioveta was entrusted to the care of the
606:
383:
179:
1242:
503:
435:
Ioveta's sister Queen Melisende was not content with Ioveta being a mere nun; as reported by the contemporary chronicler
452:
444:
361:
1281:
538:
622:
485:
480:
530:
460:
356:. Since the king had no son, the eldest daughter, Melisende, was designated to succeed him, and was married to
148:
598:
495:
211:
81:
545:, who arrived in 1157. Despite being her stepaunt, Ioveta was close to Sibylla in age. While her husband,
443:
in the cloister, just like one of the common people". The queen and her husband, King Fulk, persuaded the
349:
310:
294:
219:
1177:
Hamilton, Bernard (1978). "Women in the Crusader States: The Queens of Jerusalem". In Derek Baker (ed.).
1261:
353:
302:
178:
in his place until he paid his ransom the following year. In the late 1120s she was sent to live at the
367:
1266:
594:
586:
406:
306:
266:
199:
124:
117:
574:
542:
511:
323:
227:
215:
91:
1218:
590:
541:
often supplemented their numbers. The most famous of these was Melisende's stepdaughter Countess
328:
239:
427:
253:
1238:
1191:
1163:
546:
243:
101:
533:, from Fulk's death in 1143 until Baldwin deposed her in 1153. She then moved to her fief of
554:
519:
262:
223:
1230:
440:
436:
270:
235:
191:
163:
121:
71:
514:. She maintained contact with foreign religious communities too, sending a piece of the
1155:
550:
439:, she thought it "unseemly that the daughter of a king should be subject to some other
431:
13th-century depiction of King Fulk and Queen Melisende, who established Ioveta's abbey
410:
399:
286:
582:
1164 and 1165 respectively, left the abbess as the senior member of the royal family.
475:
1255:
523:
448:
372:
357:
247:
167:
1235:
A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187
585:
On 10 February 1163, King Baldwin III died too, and a younger nephew of Ioveta's,
174:
captivity in 1124, the four-year-old princess was handed over by her family as a
17:
570:
290:
297:. Queen Morphia negotiated the terms of the king's release. Per Muslim custom,
515:
387:
337:
183:
565:
In late 1160 or early 1161, Queen Melisende fell ill, likely having had a
282:
1222:
1206:
618:
602:
491:
456:
333:
314:
298:
250:
in various other forms, including Joveta, Yvette, Ivetta, and Juditta.
175:
152:
66:
289:. While defending Edessa from Muslim attacks, Baldwin was captured by
566:
534:
391:
278:
274:
231:
195:
171:
589:, succeeded him. King Amalric was forced to separate from his wife,
159:
in the kingdom, from the late 1130s or early 1140s until her death.
1072:
1070:
1068:
863:
861:
474:
426:
366:
252:
194:
had a new abbey constructed in Bethany so that Ioveta could be an
156:
1186:
Hamilton, Bernard; Jotischky, Andrew (2020). Derek Baker (ed.).
379:
293:
in 1122 and, after Belek's death, passed into the custody of
593:, who soon remarried; shortly after he sent their daughter,
494:
veiled and holding a book with a cross; on the reverse, the
317:. There they met with King Baldwin, who was then released.
1043:
1041:
941:
939:
798:
796:
1207:"Hostage, Sister, Abbess: The Life of Iveta of Jerusalem"
672:
670:
390:. The girl may have been sent to Saint Anne's as a child
909:
907:
905:
903:
257:
King Baldwin's capture, as portrayed in the 13th century
1135:
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993:
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643:
641:
490:) of the seal of "Ivditta abbatissa", depicted on the
405:
Historians offer different explanations for Ioveta's
127:. Her name appears in various other forms, including
27:
Latin princess and abbess of Bethany (c. 1120 – 1178)
97:
87:
77:
65:
57:
46:
34:
1188:Latin and Greek Monasticism in the Crusader States
1124:
1076:
867:
162:Ioveta was the youngest of the four daughters of
463:was erected there over the following six years.
210:Ioveta was the fourth and youngest daughter of
8:
242:", that is, born to him after he had become
1237:. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.
170:. After Baldwin's capture and release from
31:
1112:
1100:
1088:
1059:
1047:
984:
945:
833:
802:
787:
720:
676:
661:
529:Melisende reigned jointly with her son,
508:Saint Mary of the Valley of Jehosaphat's
352:, while Hodierna was betrothed to Count
637:
394:. After reaching an appropriate age in
1139:
1032:
1011:
999:
972:
957:
930:
913:
894:
879:
852:
821:
775:
763:
751:
732:
708:
691:
649:
7:
1287:Royalty of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
25:
1181:. Ecclesiastical History Society.
230:—were born while their father, a
1277:12th-century Christian abbesses
607:William Longsword of Montferrat
459:, near Jerusalem, in 1138. The
116:1120 – 6 September 1178) was a
1272:Women from the Crusader states
1190:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
1125:Hamilton & Jotischky 2020
1077:Hamilton & Jotischky 2020
868:Hamilton & Jotischky 2020
579:
455:to cede a church and land at
395:
277:-ruled principalities of the
246:in 1118. Her name appears in
238:. Ioveta was his only child "
187:
113:
50:
453:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
445:Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
362:too closely related to marry
214:and the Armenian noblewoman
186:, and became a nun there in
1303:
402:and became a nun herself.
1162:. Yale University Press.
39:
1205:Jordan, Erin L. (2017).
461:Convent of Saint Lazarus
371:Church of Saint Anne in
327:, tells that Ioveta was
149:Convent of Saint Lazarus
496:resurrection of Lazarus
423:Construction at Bethany
212:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
82:Baldwin II of Jerusalem
1211:Medieval Prosopography
510:, as well as with the
498:
432:
375:
350:Bohemond II of Antioch
311:Sultan Shah ibn Radwan
295:Husam al-Din Timurtash
258:
623:conquest of Jerusalem
561:Relations with family
478:
430:
384:Convent of Saint Anne
370:
354:Raymond II of Tripoli
256:
180:Convent of Saint Anne
557:to the vacant post.
539:pilgrims from Europe
407:religious profession
307:Joscelin I of Edessa
267:Kingdom of Jerusalem
218:. Her older sisters—
206:Family and captivity
125:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1160:The Crusader States
575:Hans Eberhard Mayer
543:Sibylla of Flanders
512:Knights Hospitaller
324:Chronicle of Ernoul
305:, the son of Count
273:, carved out among
216:Morphia of Melitene
92:Morphia of Melitene
1282:Daughters of kings
1127:, p. 235-236.
1103:, p. 159-160.
591:Agnes of Courtenay
504:Saint Mary Major's
499:
433:
376:
344:Youth at St Anne's
259:
240:born in the purple
234:nobleman, was the
120:princess from the
479:Reproduction (by
418:Abbess of Bethany
329:sexually molested
244:king of Jerusalem
190:1134. Her sister
147:. She headed the
107:
106:
102:Roman Catholicism
41:Abbess of Bethany
18:Ioveta of Bethany
16:(Redirected from
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1248:
1231:Runciman, Steven
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1201:
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1173:
1143:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1116:
1110:
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1092:
1086:
1080:
1074:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1036:
1030:
1015:
1014:, p. 83-84.
1009:
1003:
997:
988:
982:
976:
970:
961:
960:, p. 80-81.
955:
949:
943:
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928:
917:
911:
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724:
718:
712:
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689:
680:
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665:
659:
653:
647:
613:Death and legacy
581:
555:Amalric of Nesle
520:Fontevraud Abbey
489:
481:Sebastiano Paoli
397:
263:County of Edessa
189:
115:
61:6 September 1178
52:
32:
21:
1302:
1301:
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1156:Barber, Malcolm
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660:
656:
648:
639:
635:
615:
569:. She suffered
563:
483:
473:
437:William of Tyre
425:
420:
398:1134, she took
346:
343:
313:in mid-1124 at
271:crusader states
236:count of Edessa
208:
192:Queen Melisende
164:King Baldwin II
72:House of Rethel
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1197:978-0521836388
1196:
1183:
1179:Medieval Women
1174:
1169:978-0300189315
1168:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1129:
1117:
1115:, p. 164.
1105:
1093:
1091:, p. 159.
1081:
1079:, p. 233.
1064:
1062:, p. 156.
1052:
1050:, p. 155.
1037:
1016:
1004:
989:
987:, p. 153.
977:
962:
950:
948:, p. 151.
935:
918:
916:, p. 158.
899:
884:
872:
870:, p. 228.
857:
838:
836:, p. 179.
826:
807:
805:, p. 177.
792:
790:, p. 173.
780:
768:
756:
754:, p. 157.
737:
725:
723:, p. 171.
713:
696:
681:
679:, p. 172.
666:
664:, p. 449.
654:
636:
634:
631:
614:
611:
562:
559:
551:Patriarch Fulk
472:
469:
424:
421:
419:
416:
411:Malcolm Barber
345:
342:
287:Western Europe
285:noblemen from
248:royal charters
207:
204:
155:, the richest
105:
104:
99:
95:
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85:
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1148:
1142:, p. 85.
1141:
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1134:
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1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:Hamilton 1978
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1101:Hamilton 1978
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1089:Hamilton 1978
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1060:Hamilton 1978
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1053:
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1048:Hamilton 1978
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1038:
1035:, p. 84.
1034:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1005:
1002:, p. 83.
1001:
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994:
990:
986:
985:Hamilton 1978
981:
978:
975:, p. 81.
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
954:
951:
947:
946:Hamilton 1978
942:
940:
936:
933:, p. 80.
932:
927:
925:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
906:
904:
900:
897:, p. 78.
896:
891:
889:
885:
882:, p. 77.
881:
876:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
855:, p. 68.
854:
849:
847:
845:
843:
839:
835:
834:Runciman 1952
830:
827:
824:, p. 76.
823:
818:
816:
814:
812:
808:
804:
803:Runciman 1952
799:
797:
793:
789:
788:Runciman 1952
784:
781:
778:, p. 73.
777:
772:
769:
766:, p. 72.
765:
760:
757:
753:
748:
746:
744:
742:
738:
735:, p. 74.
734:
729:
726:
722:
721:Runciman 1952
717:
714:
711:, p. 70.
710:
705:
703:
701:
697:
694:, p. 69.
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
677:Runciman 1952
673:
671:
667:
663:
662:Runciman 1952
658:
655:
652:, p. 67.
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168:Queen Morphia
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38:
33:
30:
19:
1262:1120s births
1234:
1217:(1): 66–86.
1214:
1210:
1187:
1178:
1159:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1055:
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161:
144:
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136:
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128:
109:
108:
40:
29:
1267:1178 deaths
1140:Jordan 2017
1033:Jordan 2017
1012:Jordan 2017
1000:Jordan 2017
973:Jordan 2017
958:Jordan 2017
931:Jordan 2017
914:Barber 2012
895:Jordan 2017
880:Jordan 2017
853:Jordan 2017
822:Jordan 2017
776:Jordan 2017
764:Jordan 2017
752:Barber 2012
733:Jordan 2017
709:Jordan 2017
692:Jordan 2017
650:Jordan 2017
571:memory loss
531:Baldwin III
484: [
291:Belek Ghazi
1256:Categories
1244:0241298768
633:References
516:True Cross
609:in 1176.
388:Jerusalem
338:Holy Land
261:Both the
220:Melisende
184:Jerusalem
1233:(1952).
1223:26629994
1158:(2012).
336:for the
334:crusades
303:Joscelin
299:hostages
283:Catholic
265:and the
232:Frankish
228:Hodierna
122:crusader
98:Religion
1149:Sources
619:Saladin
603:leprosy
599:Baldwin
595:Sibylla
587:Amalric
547:Thierry
518:to the
492:obverse
457:Bethany
451:of the
382:at the
315:Shaizar
200:Sibylla
176:hostage
153:Bethany
145:Juditta
1241:
1221:
1194:
1166:
567:stroke
535:Nablus
506:, and
471:Abbacy
449:canons
441:mother
392:oblate
279:Levant
275:Muslim
226:, and
196:abbess
172:Muslim
143:, and
141:Ivetta
137:Yvette
129:Joveta
110:Ioveta
88:Mother
78:Father
35:Ioveta
1219:JSTOR
488:]
269:were
224:Alice
157:abbey
133:Yveta
118:Latin
67:House
1239:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1164:ISBN
524:seal
447:and
400:vows
380:nuns
166:and
58:Died
53:1120
47:Born
621:'s
386:in
281:by
182:in
151:in
1258::
1215:32
1213:.
1209:.
1132:^
1067:^
1040:^
1019:^
992:^
965:^
938:^
921:^
902:^
887:^
860:^
841:^
810:^
795:^
740:^
699:^
684:^
669:^
640:^
580:c.
486:it
396:c.
364:.
222:,
188:c.
139:,
135:,
131:,
114:c.
51:c.
1247:.
1225:.
1200:.
1172:.
112:(
20:)
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