384:
pensioners, industrial and construction workers, and people employed in the diverse services sector, such as attendants in barbershops, beauty salons, and public bathhouses, bakery workers, sales clerks, domestic servants, gardeners, garbage and trash collectors, painters and plasterers (of homes), porters, street cleaners, peddlers, street vendors, office cleaners, and laundry workers. These job categories, as well as others, also include at least one million workers who are employed only occasionally or seasonally, primarily as a result of the shortage of full-time positions in an economy that has had an official unemployment rate ranging between 10 and 15 percent of the labor force since the early 1990s. Although many government agencies and private charities provide assistance to the poor, a social stigma is associated with accepting such aid, especially among adult men, whom others judge according to their ability to support a family. Among some marginally poor people in the largest cities, especially families with female heads of household, there has been an increasing tendency since the mid-1990s to rely on begging to supplement income, A few poor neighborhoods in the largest cities, such as 'Khakh-e sefid' in southeastern
179:
assets have been confiscated by the state. A minority of the pre-revolutionary upper class continue to work and live within Iran. For the most part, however, such persons did not occupy positions of political influence. Those with political influence comprised senior clergy, high-ranking bureaucrats, executive officers of public and private corporations and charitable foundations, and wealthy entrepreneurs; none had been part of the pre-revolutionary economic and social elite. Although a reputation for piety and loyalty to the ideals of the
Revolution initially was a more important attribute than family or wealth for participation in the post-revolutionary political elite, those who attained politically powerful positions received generous salaries that elevated them to the top income brackets and opened access to multiple legitimate opportunities for acquiring more wealth. The children of the new elite generally have been encouraged to get
318:
according to their perceived skills. For example, skilled construction workers, such as carpenters, electricians, and plumbers, earned significantly higher wages than the more numerous unskilled workers and tended to look down on them. Similar status differences were common among workers in the oil industry and manufacturing. An estimated 7 percent of all workers were Afghan refugees in the early 2000s. These workers were concentrated in unskilled jobs, especially in construction. Because most Afghan workers did not have work permits after 1992 and thus worked illegally, employers could pay them less than the daily minimum wage rates and not provide them with benefits required for
Iranian workers.
302:
258:. New groups also emerged, including technicians in specialized fields such as communications, computers, electronics, and medical services; owners of small-scale factories employing fewer than 50 workers; owners of construction firms and transport companies; and professional staff of broadcast and print media. Merchants, especially those with ties to bazaar-based organizations even though their stores were physically located outside the traditional covered bazaars, gained access to political power that they had lacked before the Revolution.
183:, and postgraduate degrees from foreign universities have become status symbols since the mid-1990s. These social trends have gradually but informally altered the criteria for recruitment into the political elite: Possessing a university degree and having ties to a prominent religious or revolutionary family have become advantageous in the competition for politically influential positions. As of 2016, Iran had an estimated three million people with more than 1 billion Tomans ($ 270,000), 32,000 "
330:
effective in preventing major strikes by workers; a long history of factionalism among different working-class occupational groups and between skilled and unskilled workers within individual industries has contributed to this relative success. Nevertheless, since the early 1990s scattered strikes have defied union control. In some instances, the strikes have been resolved peacefully through negotiations, while in other cases they have been repressed violently by security forces.
254:, the composition of the middle class did not change significantly, but its size doubled from about 15 percent of the population in 1979 to more than 32 percent in 2000. Several prerevolutionary social groups still were identifiable, including entrepreneurs, bazaar merchants, physicians, engineers, university teachers, managers of private and public concerns, civil servants, teachers, medium-scale landowners, junior military officers, and the middle ranks of the
357:
5031:
4626:
2370:
5041:
4636:
433:
419:
237:
275:
lives. Whereas the secular-religious divide cuts across all occupational groups, in general those who promote religious values and the public observance of prayers and religious rituals tend to be more heavily concentrated in the bazaar, security forces, and managerial positions in the bureaucracies than in other lines of work and other professions.
774:
636:
372:. In cities with populations greater than 250,000, the lower class makes up an average of 40 to 50 percent of the total population; the lower-class proportion generally is less in smaller cities (50,000 to 250,000 population) and towns. In 2010, Iran's Department of Statistics announced that 10 million Iranians live under the
314:
industry, manufacturing, construction, and transportation; also, many members of the working class were employed as mechanics. The largest component, factory workers, numbered about 2.5 million on the eve of the
Revolution, double the number in 1965, accounting for 25 percent of Iran's total labor force.
383:
The lower class can be divided into two groups: the marginally poor, who receive regular incomes on a weekly or monthly basis; and the very poor, whose incomes vary from month to month and who thus experience difficulty in paying for food, housing, and utilities. Recipients of regular incomes include
178:
are collectively richer than their
Iranian counterparts, however). The postrevolutionary upper class consisted of some of the same social groups as the old elite, such as large landowners, industrialists, financiers, and large-scale merchants. Most of these groups have migrated out of Iran and their
261:
The prerevolutionary cultural divide between those middle-class individuals who had a secular outlook and those who valued a role for religion in both public and private life did not disappear. Since 1979, however, the political relationship between these two contrasting views has reversed. Whereas
127:
status in pre-revolutionary Iran, has continued to be important for ascribing status, even though the composition of the political elite has changed. For a decade after 1979, gaining entry to the political elite at the national or provincial level depended on having revolutionary credentials. These
329:
in large manufacturing concerns. These unions discourage strikes through a combination of cooptation of workers through periodic raises and bonuses and cooperation with authorities to identify and discipline workers who exhibit tendencies toward independence. The
Islamic unions generally have been
274:
the state consciously has promoted religion in public life. Secularly oriented
Iranians have tended to resent this dominant role of the religious outlook in politics and society, especially its manifestations in numerous laws and regulations that they perceive as interfering with their personal
313:
shahs provided the impetus for the expansion of this class. By the early 1970s, a distinct working-class identity, 'kargaar', had emerged, although those who applied this term to themselves did not constitute a unified group. Rather, the working class was segmented by economic sectors: the oil
317:
Since 1979, the urban working class has continued to expand; by the early 2000s, it constituted more than 45 percent of the employed labor force. As was the situation before the
Revolution, however, the workers within any one occupation did not share a common identity but rather were divided
91:
have been divided up into upper class, propertied middle class, salaried middle class, working class, independent farmers, and rural wage earners. A more recent source divides
Iranian classes into upper, middle class (about 32% of the population in 2000), working class (about 45% of the
3128:
309:
An urban industrial working class separate from the traditional artisan class of the towns has been in the process of formation since the early twentieth century. The industrialization programs of the
3118:
128:
credentials depended on being able to provide evidence of having participated in the demonstrations and other revolutionary activities during 1978–79, and having a reputation for being a good
514:
795:
1083:
1446:
3140:
4287:
4393:
895:
825:
3807:
3798:
3542:
3054:
3039:
709:
3330:
322:
3108:
2174:
2049:
3476:
2992:
2059:
567:
2317:
1215:
4945:
3027:
2166:
2104:
506:
3652:
3503:
3266:
2146:
1477:
1123:
1009:
3998:
3828:
3773:
3642:
3508:
2406:
2141:
4672:
3160:
3150:
2151:
737:
247:
in Iran did not change significantly, but its size doubled from about 15 percent of the population in 1979 to more than 32 percent in 2000.
847:
791:
741:
536:
4996:
4358:
4308:
4034:
3568:
2184:
1075:
284:
368:, a social stratum that includes all families whose household incomes place them marginally above, at, or below the officially defined
3583:
3572:
3517:
3465:
3320:
3123:
2332:
2312:
2291:
4013:
3957:
3937:
3753:
3728:
3624:
3548:
3450:
3080:
2922:
2296:
2179:
2022:
5006:
4478:
4044:
2044:
3098:
136:
in one's private life. Revolutionary credentials became less significant for the generation that matured after the early 1990s.
3988:
3528:
3364:
3359:
2725:
301:
4920:
4226:
3165:
3155:
3135:
887:
817:
4593:
4418:
4298:
4282:
3768:
3703:
3604:
3553:
3325:
3276:
3261:
2927:
2586:
2034:
4965:
2997:
2937:
321:
Under both the monarchy and the republic, the government has strictly controlled union activity. After the
Revolution, the
5065:
4452:
3893:
3876:
3783:
3758:
3614:
3522:
3512:
2327:
2099:
2094:
1578:
1053:
987:
957:
927:
765:
686:
655:
627:
347:
171:
161:
4222:
4456:
4292:
4008:
3748:
3738:
3486:
3342:
2942:
2322:
2156:
2121:
2072:
1796:
4755:
5001:
4247:
4241:
4192:
4003:
3833:
3712:
3337:
2276:
2266:
2133:
1341:
175:
4960:
4865:
388:, have acquired negative reputations because gangs have established safe houses there for illegal activities such as
4970:
4715:
4462:
3923:
3788:
3256:
3034:
2932:
2256:
1595:
1116:
706:
4915:
4880:
4835:
4890:
4805:
4800:
4695:
4566:
4157:
3927:
3708:
3634:
3496:
3471:
3394:
3145:
3044:
2987:
2399:
2281:
2221:
1023:
203:
184:
4925:
4900:
4815:
4795:
4745:
4705:
191:
of at least $ 3 million, 1,300 multimillionaires with net assets of $ 10 million or more and four billionaires.
5011:
4885:
4765:
4730:
4687:
4665:
4277:
4067:
3947:
3898:
3870:
3733:
3271:
3185:
2914:
2226:
2216:
1573:
1385:
734:
731:"Human Development Report 2014 – "Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience""
227:
180:
141:
4955:
4905:
4860:
4840:
4830:
2463:
4930:
4845:
4825:
4710:
4975:
4910:
4875:
4810:
4790:
4780:
4740:
4725:
4720:
4700:
4508:
4482:
4473:
4343:
4303:
3907:
3843:
3803:
3538:
3389:
3246:
3205:
2373:
2271:
2206:
105:
5016:
4935:
4895:
4870:
4850:
4785:
4750:
3103:
4855:
4820:
4775:
4598:
4237:
3978:
3933:
3847:
3657:
3619:
3347:
2231:
1860:
1602:
380:. 3 million laborers have been excluded from those statistics, as their data is not registered anywhere.
4760:
4735:
3886:
3838:
3813:
3533:
3281:
3059:
2977:
2594:
2551:
2286:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2236:
2089:
1157:
1109:
510:
343:
157:
231:
1010:"Poverty spikes in Iran as prices for essential goods rise - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East"
4437:
4339:
4232:
4172:
4147:
4126:
4106:
4079:
3881:
3823:
3718:
3481:
3446:
3210:
2392:
2347:
2342:
2116:
2067:
1461:
1427:
1412:
1248:
1195:
446:
389:
351:
326:
292:
223:
4985:
4658:
4177:
3866:
3599:
3491:
3090:
3085:
3049:
2982:
2831:
2519:
1731:
1536:
1511:
1491:
1395:
858:
543:
296:
195:
97:
5040:
4635:
4541:
4503:
4448:
4443:
4348:
4263:
3903:
3763:
3723:
3563:
3558:
3456:
3441:
3200:
3002:
2823:
2792:
2685:
2442:
1888:
1870:
1865:
1853:
1687:
1506:
1486:
1456:
1238:
1210:
481:
476:
471:
456:
393:
251:
240:
207:
199:
132:. The necessary Muslim reputation was acquired by attending public prayers and observing Islamic
116:
112:
79:
3072:
730:
4551:
4468:
4374:
4364:
4273:
4182:
4167:
4162:
4131:
4121:
4111:
4101:
4088:
3943:
3647:
3461:
3399:
3374:
3354:
3304:
3224:
2701:
2693:
2618:
2570:
1893:
1811:
1548:
1501:
1439:
1268:
561:
466:
288:
137:
4522:
4513:
4423:
4413:
4369:
4209:
4197:
4151:
4096:
3913:
3778:
3609:
3578:
3423:
3404:
3113:
2733:
2337:
2211:
2111:
1941:
1749:
1639:
1590:
1563:
1316:
1311:
1164:
486:
377:
373:
271:
267:
167:
133:
120:
101:
4556:
4493:
4428:
4403:
4388:
4327:
4116:
3968:
3858:
3680:
3379:
3315:
3219:
3067:
2969:
2741:
2717:
2653:
2634:
2626:
2602:
2487:
2429:
2082:
1774:
1585:
1331:
1321:
769:
713:
690:
659:
631:
461:
385:
310:
263:
153:
93:
356:
4398:
3918:
3743:
3231:
3195:
2858:
2776:
2709:
2535:
2039:
1983:
1822:
1779:
1707:
1451:
1422:
1347:
1301:
1243:
1200:
438:
198:
says 60 percent of his country's wealth is controlled by 300 people in Iran (out of a
100:
says 60 percent of his country's wealth is controlled by just 300 people in Iran. The
5059:
5034:
4629:
4533:
4518:
4488:
4433:
4313:
4268:
4217:
4187:
2890:
2784:
2749:
2471:
1880:
1677:
1466:
1336:
1326:
1284:
1258:
1253:
1190:
1150:
922:
778:
694:
640:
451:
69:
17:
4561:
4546:
4498:
4407:
3952:
3818:
3241:
3190:
2898:
2882:
2866:
2808:
1913:
1840:
1619:
1609:
1528:
1278:
1185:
1135:
404:
369:
244:
59:
49:
5044:
4639:
4603:
4354:
4039:
3962:
3793:
2077:
1908:
1898:
1848:
1830:
1741:
1702:
1496:
1407:
1390:
424:
255:
211:
39:
1045:
979:
949:
917:
762:
683:
652:
624:
3993:
3384:
2906:
2874:
2800:
2768:
2578:
1923:
1263:
583:
432:
414:
2839:
2816:
2610:
2543:
2511:
1969:
1964:
1931:
1903:
1791:
1786:
1722:
1697:
1644:
1558:
1273:
1205:
188:
236:
4029:
3369:
3251:
2503:
1978:
1950:
1936:
1803:
1769:
1727:
1712:
1672:
1417:
400:
305:
Unemployment rate, per-capita income growth and minimum wage (2000–2009).
170:, while in the United States the top 10% pay more than 70% of the total
4650:
4572:
2495:
1974:
1959:
1955:
1717:
1667:
1659:
1649:
1553:
1541:
1400:
1296:
1290:
403:
persons in Iran, 10,000 are men. There are between 60,000 and 200,000
4378:
3698:
3119:
International military intervention against the
Islamic State (2014–)
2527:
1946:
1759:
1692:
1632:
1627:
1434:
339:
129:
3236:
1754:
1682:
1233:
674:
by Ervand Abrahamian, (Princeton University Press, 1982) p.432-435
355:
300:
235:
124:
777:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
639:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
3016:
2479:
2415:
1764:
1306:
587:
4654:
4065:
3678:
3421:
3302:
2427:
2388:
2008:
1365:
1105:
1101:
918:"Ahmadinejad slams corrupt hoarders of wealth: "The Iranian 1%"
364:
The working class is part of the overall urban lower class, or
166:
In Iranian society, the top ten percent earners pay 3% of all
144:, became an informal substitute for revolutionary credentials.
2384:
684:
Ahmadinejad slams corrupt hoarders of wealth: "The Iranian 1%"
792:"How will the US nuclear deal pullout affect Iran's economy?"
3994:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
662:. Radio Zamaneh, May 29, 2010. Retrieved May 28, 2010.
507:"Iran's economy 50 years after the Islamic Revolution"
888:"Iran to splash up to $ 8B on global property: Study"
980:"Ten Million Iranians Under "Absolute Poverty Line""
950:"Ten Million Iranians Under "Absolute Poverty Line""
4984:
4944:
4686:
4586:
4532:
4326:
4256:
4208:
4140:
4087:
4078:
4022:
3977:
3857:
3691:
3633:
3592:
3434:
3178:
3014:
2962:
2955:
2851:
2761:
2678:
2669:
2646:
2563:
2456:
2449:
2305:
2197:
2165:
2132:
2058:
2021:
1922:
1879:
1839:
1821:
1740:
1658:
1618:
1527:
1520:
1475:
1378:
1224:
1178:
1046:"Women now comprise one-third of homeless Iranians"
653:Ten Million Iranians Under "Absolute Poverty Line"
210:buyers will spend up to $ 8.5 billion on overseas
123:, an important basis for measuring influence and
3055:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
818:"The two faces of modernity in Iran - analysis"
3141:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
3040:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
707:Central bank: Income equality improved in Iran
697:, December 15, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2014.
4666:
2923:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
2400:
1117:
96:), and lower class. Former Iranian President
8:
3999:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
1801:
763:http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pdf/CS_Iran.pdf
3109:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
625:Iran, a country study, area handbook series
4673:
4659:
4651:
4332:
4084:
4075:
4062:
3688:
3675:
3615:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
3477:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
3431:
3418:
3299:
2993:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
2959:
2675:
2453:
2437:
2424:
2407:
2393:
2385:
2027:
2018:
2005:
1524:
1375:
1362:
1175:
1124:
1110:
1102:
325:established the Workers' House to sponsor
3124:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
2943:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
881:
879:
3729:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
498:
214:over the next five-to-10 years (2016).
3267:History of democracy in classical Iran
1086:from the original on 17 September 2017
1076:"Streets of Tehran teem with children"
1056:from the original on 17 September 2017
828:from the original on 17 September 2017
735:HDRO (Human Development Report Office)
620:
618:
616:
579:
577:
566:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
559:
3989:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
3774:Iran and the World Trade Organization
720:, May 1, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
7:
3161:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
3151:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
738:United Nations Development Programme
4394:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
4035:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
4009:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
3808:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
3543:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
990:from the original on 5 January 2012
960:from the original on 5 January 2012
930:from the original on April 11, 2019
285:Social Security Organization (Iran)
2933:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
1367:
816:Vahdat, Farzin (9 December 2014).
584:Iranians to snap up property here!
517:from the original on June 22, 2019
111:One of the main objectives of the
25:
4004:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
3625:Supreme National Security Council
3451:Persian Constitutional Revolution
3081:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
2988:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
2978:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
744:from the original on 27 July 2014
270:to the private sphere, under the
5039:
5030:
5029:
4634:
4625:
4624:
3600:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
2369:
2368:
772:
634:
431:
417:
200:population of 80 million in 2016
3799:Military equipment manufactured
3365:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
3129:United States withdrawal (2018)
3050:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
898:from the original on 2 May 2019
886:Barnato, Katy (16 March 2016).
798:from the original on 2018-08-01
115:was to have no social classes.
4997:British Indian Ocean Territory
4359:modern / contemporary
3605:Expediency Discernment Council
2928:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
2917:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
2010:
590:International, March 16, 2016.
376:and 30 million live under the
1:
3573:state-sponsorship allegations
360:A homeless man in Ahvaz, Iran
348:Iranian targeted subsidy plan
162:List of Iranians by net worth
117:In the post-revolutionary era
4030:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
3331:twin towns and sister cities
2637:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
2514:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
2490:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
672:Iran Between Two Revolutions
266:the state tried to restrict
4309:Water supply and sanitation
4040:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
3099:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
2474:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
5082:
3789:Economy of the Middle East
3166:2021–2022 Iranian protests
3156:2019–2020 Iranian protests
3136:2017–2018 Iranian protests
2597:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
1216:Weberian (three-component)
337:
282:
221:
185:high net worth individuals
151:
5025:
4620:
4335:
4074:
4061:
4014:National Development Fund
3934:Telecommunications and IT
3928:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
3754:Foreign direct investment
3699:Bonyad (charitable trust)
3687:
3674:
3430:
3417:
3311:
3298:
3045:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
3035:Interim Government (1979)
2440:
2436:
2423:
2364:
2030:
2017:
2004:
1374:
1361:
1174:
1145:
243:, the composition of the
104:was 0.38 in 2010 and the
4746:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3764:International oil bourse
3529:Ministry of Intelligence
3114:Syrian civil war (2011–)
2938:1921 Persian coup d'état
2338:Pre-industrial East Asia
228:Higher education in Iran
32:Social classes in Iran.
5007:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4288:scientists and scholars
3794:Milad Tower and complex
3584:Women's rights movement
3579:White Revolution (1963)
3247:Peoples of the Caucasus
2589:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
2482:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
1386:Administrative detainee
194:Then-Iranian President
106:Human Development Index
4599:Anti-Iranian sentiment
4594:Science and technology
4419:Intellectual movements
4299:International rankings
4283:Intellectual movements
3769:International rankings
3262:Heads of state of Iran
3068:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
2629:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
2466:culture (3400–2000 BC)
1802:
361:
306:
248:
89:Social classes in Iran
3887:Shetab Banking System
3877:Banking and insurance
3839:Tehran Stock Exchange
3759:Intellectual property
3104:PJAK conflict (2004–)
2877:Turcomans (1378–1508)
2869:Turcomans (1374–1468)
2818:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
2621:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
2343:Pre-industrial Europe
926:. December 15, 2012.
855:TurquoisePartners.com
511:Brookings Institution
378:relative poverty line
374:absolute poverty line
359:
304:
239:
158:Tehran Stock Exchange
18:Iranian working class
5066:Social class in Iran
4921:United Arab Emirates
4681:Social class in Asia
3848:Technology start-ups
3749:Environmental issues
3739:Economic Reform Plan
3653:Provincial governors
3343:Environmental issues
3091:Iran Air Flight 655
2832:Jalayirid Sultanate
2704:Caliphate (750–1258)
2546:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
2200: or countries
2011:By country or region
1249:Class discrimination
447:Construction in Iran
352:Mehr housing project
293:Trade unions in Iran
252:After the revolution
241:After the Revolution
4948:limited recognition
4248:Freedom of religion
3834:Supreme Audit Court
3713:Automotive industry
3360:Iranian Balochistan
3086:1987 Mecca incident
2983:Iran crisis of 1946
2972:dynasty (1925–1979)
2901:Dynasty (1751–1794)
2842:dynasty (1338–1357)
2834:dynasty (1335–1432)
2826:dynasty (1314–1393)
2811:dynasty (1244–1381)
2795:dynasty (1077–1231)
2779:dynasty (1011–1215)
2696:Caliphate (661–750)
2688:Caliphate (632–661)
2656:Empire (AD 224–651)
2573:Empire (550–330 BC)
2554:Empire (626–539 BC)
2538:Empire (678–549 BC)
2522:Empire (911–609 BC)
1732:Vanniar (Chieftain)
1012:. 17 November 2020.
297:Agriculture in Iran
224:Real estate in Iran
196:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
98:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
4379:Persian New Year (
3784:Main economic laws
3355:Iranian Azerbaijan
3257:Monarchs of Persia
3201:Persianate society
2909:Empire (1789–1925)
2893:Empire (1736–1796)
2885:Empire (1501–1736)
2861:Empire (1370–1507)
2787:Empire (1037–1194)
2752:dynasty (934–1062)
2744:dynasty (931–1090)
2736:dynasty (861–1003)
2605:Empire (312–63 BC)
2506:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
2313:18th-century Spain
2167:Standard of living
1871:Upper middle class
1866:Lower middle class
1457:Political prisoner
1239:Chattering classes
1211:Spoon class theory
848:"IIM-AprMay16.pdf"
768:2015-06-22 at the
712:2015-12-08 at the
689:2019-04-11 at the
658:2012-01-05 at the
630:2015-06-22 at the
513:. March 14, 2019.
482:Iranian Revolution
477:Healthcare in Iran
472:Government of Iran
457:Demography of Iran
399:Out of the 15,000
362:
307:
249:
232:Iran's brain drain
202:). Rich Iranians,
181:college educations
113:Iranian Revolution
108:at 0.749 in 2013.
60:Lower Middle-class
50:Upper Middle-class
5053:
5052:
4990:other territories
4648:
4647:
4616:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4582:
4581:
4489:Opium consumption
4322:
4321:
4158:Ethnic minorities
4132:Iranian languages
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3549:Political parties
3487:Children's rights
3472:Foreign relations
3466:2009 presidential
3413:
3412:
3375:Iranian Kurdistan
3294:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3174:
3173:
3146:COVID-19 pandemic
3005:Revolution (1979)
2951:
2950:
2771:Empire (977–1186)
2728:dynasty (864–928)
2720:dynasty (821–873)
2712:dynasty (819–999)
2665:
2664:
2581:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
2382:
2381:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2193:
2192:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1894:Lumpenproletariat
1396:illegal immigrant
1357:
1356:
1269:Classless society
1082:. 22 April 2007.
467:Education in Iran
323:Ministry of Labor
289:Iranian labor law
16:(Redirected from
5073:
5043:
5033:
5032:
5002:Christmas Island
4688:Sovereign states
4675:
4668:
4661:
4652:
4638:
4628:
4627:
4479:National symbols
4333:
4148:Iranian citizens
4085:
4076:
4063:
4045:Research centers
3734:Economic history
3689:
3676:
3610:Guardian Council
3432:
3419:
3300:
3277:Electric history
3272:Military history
3186:Ancient Persians
3094:
3093:shootdown (1988)
3076:
3063:
3060:Iranian Embassy
3030:
3019:
3017:Islamic Republic
3006:
2998:1953 coup d'état
2973:
2960:
2918:
2915:Khanates of the
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2862:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2772:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2676:
2657:
2638:
2630:
2622:
2614:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2555:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2515:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2483:
2475:
2467:
2454:
2438:
2425:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2372:
2371:
2199:
2100:Mexican-American
2028:
2019:
2006:
1807:
1750:Business magnate
1640:Knowledge worker
1525:
1413:dual or multiple
1376:
1363:
1317:Social exclusion
1312:Social cleansing
1226:
1176:
1165:Economic classes
1126:
1119:
1112:
1103:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1080:BaltimoreSun.com
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
946:
940:
939:
937:
935:
914:
908:
907:
905:
903:
883:
874:
873:
871:
869:
864:on 14 March 2020
863:
857:. Archived from
852:
844:
838:
837:
835:
833:
813:
807:
806:
804:
803:
788:
782:
776:
775:
760:
754:
753:
751:
749:
740:. January 2014.
727:
721:
704:
698:
681:
675:
669:
663:
650:
644:
638:
637:
622:
591:
581:
572:
571:
565:
557:
555:
554:
548:
542:. Archived from
541:
533:
527:
526:
524:
522:
503:
487:Taxation in Iran
441:
436:
435:
427:
422:
421:
420:
394:drug trafficking
392:, gambling, and
344:"Justice shares"
272:Islamic Republic
134:codes of conduct
102:gini coefficient
77:
67:
57:
47:
37:
21:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5049:
5021:
4989:
4980:
4961:Northern Cyprus
4947:
4940:
4682:
4679:
4649:
4644:
4608:
4578:
4557:Rap and hip-hop
4528:
4509:Public holidays
4494:Persian gardens
4483:Imperial Anthem
4474:National Jewels
4429:Iranian studies
4318:
4252:
4204:
4136:
4097:Persian (Farsi)
4070:
4049:
4018:
3980:
3973:
3908:Pharmaceuticals
3853:
3844:Venture capital
3819:Rial (currency)
3804:Nuclear program
3683:
3662:
3629:
3588:
3539:Nuclear program
3504:Judicial system
3426:
3409:
3380:Iranian plateau
3307:
3286:
3170:
3092:
3074:
3061:
3029:History (1979–)
3028:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3004:
2971:
2947:
2916:
2908:
2900:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2868:
2860:
2847:
2841:
2833:
2825:
2817:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2757:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2671:
2661:
2655:
2642:
2636:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2572:
2559:
2553:
2552:Neo-Babylonian
2545:
2537:
2530:(860 BC–590 BC)
2529:
2521:
2513:
2505:
2498:(c.2300–675 BC)
2497:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2445:
2432:
2419:
2413:
2383:
2378:
2352:
2301:
2189:
2161:
2128:
2112:Underprivileged
2054:
2013:
2012:
1988:
1918:
1875:
1835:
1817:
1736:
1654:
1614:
1516:
1471:
1370:
1369:
1353:
1332:Social position
1322:Social mobility
1220:
1170:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1059:
1057:
1050:www.Payvand.com
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
984:www.Payvand.com
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
954:www.Payvand.com
948:
947:
943:
933:
931:
916:
915:
911:
901:
899:
885:
884:
877:
867:
865:
861:
850:
846:
845:
841:
831:
829:
815:
814:
810:
801:
799:
790:
789:
785:
773:
770:Wayback Machine
761:
757:
747:
745:
729:
728:
724:
714:Wayback Machine
705:
701:
691:Wayback Machine
682:
678:
670:
666:
660:Wayback Machine
651:
647:
635:
632:Wayback Machine
623:
594:
582:
575:
558:
552:
550:
546:
539:
537:"Archived copy"
535:
534:
530:
520:
518:
505:
504:
500:
495:
462:Economy of Iran
437:
430:
423:
418:
416:
413:
405:street children
386:Tehran Province
354:
336:
299:
281:
234:
220:
176:US billionaires
164:
154:Banking in Iran
150:
140:, especially a
121:political power
86:
85:
84:
83:
75:
73:
65:
63:
55:
53:
45:
43:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5079:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5058:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5037:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4991:
4982:
4981:
4979:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4632:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4460:
4446:
4441:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4352:
4346:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4271:
4266:
4260:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4235:
4230:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4155:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3941:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3874:
3863:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3706:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3658:Supreme Leader
3655:
3650:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3620:Local councils
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3515:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3499:
3497:Women's rights
3494:
3489:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3348:Climate change
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3303:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3232:Jiroft culture
3229:
3228:
3227:
3220:Iranic peoples
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3208:
3196:Persianization
3193:
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3070:
3065:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2966:
2964:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2872:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2814:
2806:
2803:(1135/36-1225)
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2731:
2723:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2632:
2624:
2616:
2613:(c.295–220 BC)
2608:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2472:Proto-Elamite
2469:
2460:
2458:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2333:Ottoman Empire
2330:
2325:
2320:
2318:Ancient Greece
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2292:United Kingdom
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2185:Home-ownership
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:American Dream
2037:
2031:
2025:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1624:
1622:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1533:
1531:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:Migrant worker
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1368:By demographic
1366:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1348:Status Anxiety
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:Ranked society
1299:
1294:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1244:Class conflict
1241:
1236:
1230:
1228:
1227: topics
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1201:Mudsill theory
1198:
1193:
1188:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1067:
1037:
1024:"Tehran Times"
1015:
1001:
971:
941:
909:
875:
839:
808:
783:
755:
722:
699:
676:
664:
645:
592:
573:
528:
497:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
443:
442:
439:Society portal
428:
412:
409:
335:
332:
327:Islamic unions
280:
277:
219:
216:
149:
146:
142:college degree
74:
64:
54:
44:
34:
30:
29:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5078:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4971:South Ossetia
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4676:
4671:
4669:
4664:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4653:
4641:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4585:
4575:
4574:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4453:news agencies
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3814:Privatization
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3283:
3282:Years in Iran
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3206:Turco-Persian
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3075:War (1980–88)
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2954:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:Qara Qoyunlu
2865:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2815:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2668:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2609:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:550 BC–AD 224
2562:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2524:
2520:Neo-Assyrian
2518:
2516:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:United States
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2198:Other regions
2196:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:United States
2020:
2016:
2007:
2003:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:Socioeconomic
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1337:Social stigma
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1327:Social orphan
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1285:Nouveau riche
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:Class traitor
1257:
1255:
1254:Class society
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1191:Gilbert model
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1002:
989:
985:
981:
975:
972:
959:
955:
951:
945:
942:
929:
925:
924:
923:Radio Zamaneh
919:
913:
910:
897:
893:
889:
882:
880:
876:
860:
856:
849:
843:
840:
827:
823:
819:
812:
809:
797:
793:
787:
784:
780:
779:public domain
771:
767:
764:
759:
756:
743:
739:
736:
732:
726:
723:
719:
715:
711:
708:
703:
700:
696:
695:Radio Zamaneh
692:
688:
685:
680:
677:
673:
668:
665:
661:
657:
654:
649:
646:
642:
641:public domain
633:
629:
626:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
569:
563:
549:on 2020-03-14
545:
538:
532:
529:
516:
512:
508:
502:
499:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:Crime in Iran
450:
448:
445:
444:
440:
434:
429:
426:
415:
410:
408:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
333:
331:
328:
324:
319:
315:
312:
303:
298:
294:
290:
286:
279:Working class
278:
276:
273:
269:
265:
259:
257:
253:
246:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
217:
215:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
173:
169:
163:
159:
155:
147:
145:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
90:
81:
71:
70:Working class
61:
51:
41:
33:
27:
19:
4986:Dependencies
4916:Turkmenistan
4881:Saudi Arabia
4770:
4587:Other topics
4571:
4499:Persian name
4438:Islamization
4380:
4340:Architecture
4293:universities
4238:Zoroastrians
4233:Christianity
4223:Baháʼí Faith
4173:Azerbaijanis
4080:Demographics
3894:Construction
3882:Central Bank
3824:Space Agency
3719:Child labour
3554:Principlists
3534:Cyberwarfare
3482:Human rights
3447:Constitution
3242:Azerbaijanis
3211:Indo-Persian
3191:Greater Iran
3062:siege (1980)
3021:1979–present
2672:early modern
2670:Medieval and
2464:Kura-Araxes
2348:Soviet Union
2323:Ancient Rome
2246:
2180:Homelessness
2105:Upper Middle
1977: /
1958: /
1949: /
1914:Working poor
1810:
1797:Robber baron
1620:Intellectual
1610:Royal family
1574:Ancient Rome
1428:second-class
1346:
1289:
1288: /
1283:
1279:High society
1186:Elite theory
1163:
1156:
1149:
1136:Social class
1090:17 September
1088:. Retrieved
1079:
1070:
1060:17 September
1058:. Retrieved
1049:
1040:
1028:. Retrieved
1026:. April 2007
1018:
1004:
994:17 September
992:. Retrieved
986:. May 2010.
983:
974:
964:17 September
962:. Retrieved
953:
944:
932:. Retrieved
921:
912:
902:17 September
900:. Retrieved
891:
868:17 September
866:. Retrieved
859:the original
854:
842:
832:17 September
830:. Retrieved
822:The Guardian
821:
811:
800:. Retrieved
786:
758:
746:. Retrieved
725:
718:Tehran Times
717:
702:
679:
671:
667:
648:
551:. Retrieved
544:the original
531:
519:. Retrieved
501:
398:
390:prostitution
382:
370:poverty line
365:
363:
320:
316:
308:
260:
250:
245:middle class
218:Middle class
208:state-backed
193:
172:income taxes
168:income taxes
165:
119:, access to
110:
88:
87:
31:
26:
5045:Asia portal
4946:States with
4866:Philippines
4806:South Korea
4801:North Korea
4696:Afghanistan
4604:Tehrangeles
4567:Traditional
4304:Nationality
4242:persecution
4227:persecution
4178:Circassians
4127:Neo-Aramaic
4107:Azerbaijani
3979:State-owned
3904:Health care
3867:Agriculture
3704:Brain drain
3643:Ambassadors
3338:Earthquakes
2875:Aq Qoyunlu
2824:Muzaffarid
2801:Eldiguzids
2793:Anushtegin
2619:Kingdom of
2595:Kingdom of
2587:Kingdom of
2579:Atropatene
2571:Achaemenid
2512:Kingdom of
2457:3400–539 BC
2267:New Zealand
1984:Untouchable
1909:Proletariat
1899:Pea-pickers
1849:Bourgeoisie
1537:Aristocracy
1423:naturalized
1418:native-born
425:Iran portal
334:Lower class
256:Shia clergy
212:real estate
148:Upper class
94:labor force
40:Upper class
4926:Uzbekistan
4901:Tajikistan
4816:Kyrgyzstan
4796:Kazakhstan
4716:Bangladesh
4706:Azerbaijan
4504:Philosophy
4463:newspapers
4444:Literature
4349:architects
4344:Achaemenid
4264:Corruption
3724:Corruption
3564:Reformists
3559:Propaganda
3457:Corruption
3442:Censorship
3385:Lake Urmia
3073:Iran–Iraq
2769:Ghaznavid
2647:AD 224–651
2611:Frataraka
2443:Prehistory
2257:Luxembourg
2147:Inequality
1812:Superclass
1603:Hereditary
1579:Post-Roman
1570:Patrician
1440:adolescent
1264:Classicide
1030:August 27,
802:2018-06-26
553:2016-06-07
493:References
366:mostazafin
338:See also:
283:See also:
262:under the
222:See also:
152:See also:
5012:Hong Kong
4966:Palestine
4891:Sri Lanka
4886:Singapore
4766:Indonesia
4469:Mythology
4375:Calendars
4365:Astronomy
4274:Education
4183:Georgians
4168:Assyrians
4163:Armenians
4089:Languages
3981:companies
3944:Transport
3924:Petroleum
3709:Companies
3648:President
3635:Officials
3569:Terrorism
3518:Air Force
3462:Elections
3400:Provinces
3395:Mountains
3305:Geography
3225:languages
2963:1925–1979
2891:Afsharid
2852:1370–1925
2840:Chobanid
2734:Saffarid
2686:Rashidun
2654:Sasanian
2635:Kings of
2627:Parthian
2603:Seleucid
2544:Scythian
2504:Kassites
2488:Akkadian
2282:Sri Lanka
2175:Education
2142:Household
2035:Affluence
1970:Rat tribe
1932:Ant tribe
1904:Precariat
1889:Lazzaroni
1831:Bohemians
1792:Overclass
1787:Old money
1723:Spartiate
1698:Kshatriya
1688:Hashashin
1645:Professor
1586:Political
1559:Oligarchy
1549:Hanseaten
1467:Stateless
1447:Convicted
1379:By status
1342:Subaltern
1274:Euthenics
1206:New class
934:March 16,
407:in Iran.
204:companies
189:net worth
187:" with a
138:Education
80:Low Class
5060:Category
5035:Category
4956:Abkhazia
4906:Thailand
4861:Pakistan
4841:Mongolia
4836:Maldives
4831:Malaysia
4731:Cambodia
4630:Category
4523:football
4514:Scouting
4424:Iranians
4414:Folklore
4210:Religion
4122:Georgian
4102:Armenian
3963:shipping
3958:railways
3948:airlines
3914:Industry
3779:Taxation
3593:Councils
3509:Military
3424:Politics
3405:Wildlife
3370:Caucasus
3252:Persians
3179:See also
3003:Iranian
2970:Pahlavi
2883:Safavid
2859:Timurid
2762:977–1432
2742:Ziyarid
2718:Tahirid
2710:Samanid
2702:Abbasid
2694:Umayyad
2679:632–1090
2496:Lullubi
2480:Elamite
2374:Category
2306:Historic
2227:Colombia
2217:Cambodia
2152:Personal
2050:Mobility
1979:Freedman
1965:Plebeian
1951:Prisoner
1937:Commoner
1823:Creative
1804:Seigneur
1770:Nobility
1728:Vanniyar
1713:Pendekar
1673:Cossacks
1307:Snobbery
1179:Theories
1084:Archived
1054:Archived
988:Archived
958:Archived
928:Archived
896:Archived
892:CNBC.com
826:Archived
796:Archived
766:Archived
742:Archived
710:Archived
687:Archived
656:Archived
628:Archived
562:cite web
521:June 22,
515:Archived
411:See also
401:homeless
268:religion
264:monarchy
4931:Vietnam
4846:Myanmar
4826:Lebanon
4756:Georgia
4711:Bahrain
4701:Armenia
4573:Ey Iran
4521: (
4481: (
4457:student
4455: (
4451: (
4436: (
4404:Cuisine
4389:Fashion
4377: (
4357: (
4342: (
4328:Culture
4276: (
4240: (
4225: (
4198:Turkmen
4150: (
4141:Peoples
4112:Kurdish
4068:Society
3969:Tourism
3946: (
3936: (
3926: (
3906: (
3899:Defense
3869: (
3859:Sectors
3846: (
3806: (
3711: (
3692:General
3681:Economy
3571: (
3541: (
3511: (
3464: (
3449: (
3435:General
3390:Islands
3326:largest
3316:Borders
2785:Seljuk
2777:Ghurid
2726:Alavid
2536:Median
2528:Urartu
2450:Ancient
2430:History
2277:Romania
2272:Nigeria
2157:Poverty
2060:Classes
2045:History
1956:Peasant
1942:Outcast
1881:Working
1861:Burgher
1718:Samurai
1708:Ocēlōtl
1668:Chhetri
1660:Warrior
1650:Scholar
1564:Russian
1554:Magnate
1542:Aristoi
1521:By type
1408:Citizen
1401:refugee
1297:Poverty
1291:Parvenu
1225:Related
1196:Marxian
1158:Stratum
748:25 July
311:Pahlavi
82:(16.7%)
4976:Taiwan
4911:Turkey
4876:Russia
4811:Kuwait
4791:Jordan
4781:Israel
4741:Cyprus
4726:Brunei
4721:Bhutan
4640:Portal
4399:Cinema
4381:Nowruz
4278:higher
4152:abroad
4117:Hebrew
4023:Places
3919:Mining
3744:Energy
3321:Cities
3237:Aryans
2956:Modern
2907:Qajar
2750:Buyid
2418:topics
2232:France
2212:Belize
2207:Africa
2134:Income
2090:Middle
2083:Gentry
1947:Outlaw
1854:Petite
1841:Middle
1775:Landed
1760:Gentry
1693:Knight
1633:Priest
1628:Clergy
1591:Family
1529:Ruling
1478:collar
1435:Clique
1151:Status
350:, and
340:Bonyad
295:, and
230:, and
206:, and
160:, and
130:Muslim
78:
76:
68:
66:
58:
56:
48:
46:
42:(4.3%)
38:
36:
5017:Macau
4936:Yemen
4896:Syria
4871:Qatar
4851:Nepal
4786:Japan
4761:India
4751:Egypt
4736:China
4534:Music
4519:Sport
4449:Media
4434:Islam
4370:Blogs
4314:Women
4269:Crime
4257:Other
4218:Islam
4188:Kurds
3953:metro
3871:fruit
3829:Setad
2899:Zand
2809:Kart
2328:Aztec
2287:Tibet
2262:Nepal
2252:Italy
2242:India
2237:Haiti
2222:China
2122:Under
2117:Lower
2095:Black
2078:Donor
2073:Black
2068:Upper
1975:Slave
1924:Under
1780:Petty
1755:Elite
1742:Upper
1683:Harii
1678:Cuāuh
1512:White
1492:Green
1391:Alien
1234:Caste
862:(PDF)
851:(PDF)
547:(PDF)
540:(PDF)
125:elite
72:(45%)
62:(15%)
52:(19%)
4856:Oman
4821:Laos
4776:Iraq
4771:Iran
4562:Rock
4547:Jazz
4542:Folk
4408:wine
4193:Jews
3523:Navy
3513:Army
3492:LGBT
2416:Iran
2247:Iran
1960:Serf
1765:Lord
1703:Nair
1596:List
1507:Pink
1497:Grey
1487:Blue
1476:By "
1092:2017
1062:2017
1032:2010
996:2017
966:2017
936:2014
904:2017
870:2017
834:2017
750:2014
588:CNBC
568:link
523:2019
4988:and
4552:Pop
4355:Art
3938:TCI
1502:New
5062::
1078:.
1052:.
1048:.
982:.
956:.
952:.
920:.
894:.
890:.
878:^
853:.
824:.
820:.
794:.
733:.
716:.
693:.
595:^
586:.
576:^
564:}}
560:{{
509:.
396:.
346:,
342:,
291:,
287:,
226:,
156:,
4674:e
4667:t
4660:v
4525:)
4485:)
4465:)
4459:)
4440:)
4410:)
4406:(
4385:)
4383:)
4361:)
4351:)
4295:)
4244:)
4229:)
4154:)
3965:)
3940:)
3930:)
3910:)
3873:)
3850:)
3810:)
3715:)
3575:)
3545:)
3525:)
3468:)
3453:)
2408:e
2401:t
2394:v
1730:/
1480:"
1125:e
1118:t
1111:v
1094:.
1064:.
1034:.
998:.
968:.
938:.
906:.
872:.
836:.
805:.
781:.
752:.
643:.
570:)
556:.
525:.
174:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.