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deputy chairman, ad-Douri. Through their leadership positions in the council, the deputy chairman and deputy prime minister worked on behalf of Saddam in the RCC to advance the Ba’ath Party's interests. The RCC was the supreme policy making force in Iraq until the
American-led invasion in 2003 dissolved the council and replaced it with Coalition Provisional Authority. The power of the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was transferred to newly appointed Iraqi Interim Government in 2004 and the CPA was dissolved in 2008.
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harbouring deserters." Amnesty
International received reports that confirmed the governmental judicial acts of amputation. After the Gulf War, the United Nations Special Commission (UNSCOM) was created to ensure Iraq's compliance with policies regarding the production of WMDs. The commission conducted weapons inspections in Iraq. The U.S. used Iraq's failure to comply with weapons inspections to prompt the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003. In the end, Saddam's regime as the U.S. invaded and captured him.
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constitution adopted by the party in 1970, Iraq was confirmed as a republic, with legislative power theoretically vested in an elected legislature but also in the party-run RCC, without whose approval no law could be promulgated." Furthermore, "second to the council in political importance was the
Regional Command of the Baath, the party executive, and third was the Council of Ministers." The legislature also included the National Assembly and a 50-member Kurdish Legislative Council.
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with national security, to declare war and conclude peace, and to approve the government's budget. Article 38 stipulates that all newly elected members of the RCC must be members of the Baath Party
Regional Command. The Constitution also provides for an appointed Council of Ministers that has responsibility for carrying out the executive decisions of the RCC.
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495:." The capture of power by the military in 1958 greatly altered the political landscape in Iraq's government as military officers gained massive control over civilian and governmental affairs. 'Abd al-Karim Qasim formed a popular government that consolidated its power and redirected oil revenues. However, Qasim was overthrown in 1963 as the
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and Saddam in their relation to the
Revolutionary Command Council. Some scholars argue that early on the RCC "functioned as a genuine collective decision-making body, and was often the arena for heated debates." Many argue it was Saddam who greatly changed and controlled the RCC by eliminating any
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The RCC was composed of a selective group of legislative leaders. The Ba’ath Party supported the RCC but it was not completely Ba’ath led. Under the
Provisional Constitution, "article 43 assigns to the RCC, by a vote of two-thirds of its members, authority to promulgate laws and regulations, to deal
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Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President and Prime
Minister of Iraq from 1968 to 1979, also held the position of Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Al-Bakr's role as Chairman of the RCC strengthened and maintained his power and control of the decision-making process. Hassan al-Bakr's involvement
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Subsequently, in the 1990s, "reports in the BMJ drew attention to a series of decrees of the RCC introducing amputation of the right hand as judicial punishment for theft, with amputation of the left foot for a second offence, amputation of one ear for evasion of the draft, military desertion, or
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Many scholars such as
Charles Tripp argue that Saddam's complete control of both the executive and legislative components of the government led to the rise of a brutal dictatorship that crushed any forms of opposition. Saddam used his vast powers to strengthen the Ba’ath Party and his control.
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In 1979, Saddam became
President of Iraq and Chairman of RCC, with deputy chairman Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri, and deputy Prime Ministers Tariq Aziz and Taha Yassin Ramadan. Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri played an important role in leading the RCC during Saddam's administration. The council was led by the
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Charles Tripp makes the point that "in 1969, Saddam was appointed Vice-Chairman of the RCC, arguably the second most powerful office in the state." Al-Bakr and Saddam's political positions helped them consolidate their power and control. The RCC was mostly composed of Ba’ath leaders and their
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The
Revolutionary Command Council passed a multitude of controversial legislation that advanced only the interests of the Ba’ath Party in Iraq. For example, "Article 200, and the Penal Code of 1969 and its various amendments, provide the death penalty for anyone joining the Ba’ath Party while
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The coup in 1968 led to the rise of the Ba’ath Party as it regained control. The coup in 1968 led to the establishment of the Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council which became the ultimate decision-making body in Iraq during the Ba’ath’s rule from 1968 to 2003. Accordingly "under a provisional
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During the Iraq-Iran War, Saddam used the Revolutionary Command Council as his personal headquarters; Saddam maintained tight control of war operations. Saddam's tight control limited the power of field commanders and this resulted in an intense conflict between the highest command and the
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in the 1970s. Many scholars argue that the powerful positions held by al-Bakr and Saddam in the RCC reinforced their supreme control of the Iraqi government. Saddam promoted an agenda of modernization as vice chairman of the RCC that included literacy and education.
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The legislature was composed of the RCC, the National Assembly and a 50-member Kurdish Legislative Council which governed the country. During his presidency, Saddam was Chairman of the RCC and President of the Republic. Other members of the RCC included
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became president, prime minister, chairman of the RCC and secretary-general of the Ba’ath Party, all these positions gave Bakr immense powers of patronage at his disposal. Al-Bakr maintained power until 1979 and then Saddam became the president of Iraq.
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explains "the officers' power would be institutionalized in a Revolutionary Command Council, formed from the membership of the Supreme Committee , and this body would wield supreme executive power in the wake of the overthrow of the
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which exercised supreme power replacing the RCC. This regimes power was short-lived as new Ba’thists regained the upper hand and brothers Abd al-Salam ‘Arif and ‘Abd al-Rahman ruled Iraq for the next five years.
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The Iraqi Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) was established as the de facto ruling power in Iraq after the military coup of 1968. However, its foundation materialized much earlier.
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commanders fighting the war. The military showed signs of discontent in 1982, and Saddam responded by executing some three hundred high-ranking officers.
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in the RCC led to legislation that greatly reinforced the power of the Ba’ath party as he created a strong Ba’ath base within the government.
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control limited the input from other groups. However, Shi‘i Iraqis were later accepted into the RCC to help appease the unrest among the
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manifestations of pluralism. The government under Saddam was often seen as a brutal dictatorship.
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that states a Knowledge editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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concealing any previous political affiliation, or who resigns from it to join another party."
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who was a Council member between 1968 and 1973, one of Saddam's half-brothers,
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mobilized a small group of young military officers known as the
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attempted to gain control. The Ba’thist contingent formed the
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There is a debate among scholars regarding the true power of
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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
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and he was then allowed to select a Vice President. After
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2550:General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries
706:"Iraq: A Country Study: Constitutional Framework"
1035:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
561:The accused were put on trial and sent to death
409:in 1979 the council was led by deputy chairman
381:, and was the ultimate decision-making body in
962:National Council for the Revolutionary Command
786:, Vol. 309, No. 6967 (3 December 1994). p.1516
2726:National Alliance for the Liberation of Syria
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501:National Council of the Revolutionary Command
429:who held the position between 1968 and 1970,
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759:International Journal of Middle East Studies
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73:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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2607:Arab Socialist Revolutionary Ba'ath Party
421:, who had known Saddam since the 1960s.
283:Seal of the Revolutionary Command Council
246:Learn how and when to remove this message
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
177:"Revolutionary Command Council" Iraq
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
2570:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
2711:Front of Patriotic and National Parties
2690:Palestinian National and Islamic Forces
2540:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order
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2622:Democratic Socialist Arab Ba'ath Party
737:Inside Iraq: Politics Is a Lethal Game
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3062:Organizations disestablished in 2003
2741:Palestinian National Salvation Front
761:, Vol. 13, No. 3 (August 1981) p.371
166:adding citations to reliable sources
2811:Socialist Democratic Unionist Party
2776:Democratic Socialist Unionist Party
739:Marlowe & Company, 2002, p.239.
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2861:General Federation of Trade Unions
2721:Lebanese National Resistance Front
2434:National Progressive Front (Syria)
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3057:Organizations established in 1968
3037:History of the government of Iraq
2685:Palestine Liberation Organization
2429:National Progressive Front (Iraq)
2082:Ahmad Husayn Khudayir as-Samarrai
1512:Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur
54:This article has multiple issues.
2590:Arab Revolutionary Workers Party
1494:Members of the Regional Commands
482:. The Free Officers, headed by '
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27:Governing body in Ba'athist Iraq
18:Iraqi Revolution Command Council
2838:Syrian Social Nationalist Party
972:November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état
459:Coalition Provisional Authority
153:needs additional citations for
62:or discuss these issues on the
3052:2003 disestablishments in Iraq
2660:Alliance of Palestinian Forces
666:. Cambridge University Press.
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2871:General Union of Syrian Women
2781:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
2736:Palestinian National Alliance
1008:Revolutionary Command Council
900:Syrian Committee to Help Iraq
367:Revolutionary Command Council
259:Revolutionary Command Council
32:Revolutionary Command Council
2680:National Democratic Alliance
2665:Forces of Freedom and Change
1662:Abdullah Sallum al-Samarra'i
1622:Muhyi Abdul-Hussein Mashhadi
1572:Adil Abdullah Mahdi Al-Douri
377:) was established after the
3047:1968 establishments in Iraq
2806:Social Democratic Unionists
2771:Arab Democratic Union Party
2467:National Defense Battalions
825:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
445:, Sa'adoun Shaker Mahmoud,
389:in 2003. It exercised both
375:مجلس القيادة الثوري العراقي
271:Majlis al-Qiadayh al-Thawri
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2984:On the Way of Resurrection
2977:The Battle for One Destiny
2766:Arab Socialist Union Party
2716:Lebanese National Movement
1946:Ali Ahmad Nasser al-Dhahab
1657:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
782:BMJ Publishing Group BMJ:
431:Abd al-Khaliq al-Samarra'i
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3087:Political history of Iraq
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2866:General Union of Peasants
2675:National Consensus Forces
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2488:Revolutionary Youth Union
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624:"Dissolution of Entities"
435:Barzan Ibrahim al-Tikriti
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3082:Politics of the Iraq War
2816:Socialist Unionist Party
2786:Libyan National Movement
2612:Arabic Toilers' Movement
2516:Associated organizations
2376:National Security Bureau
2324:Syrian-dominated faction
1752:Mohammed Saeed Bekheitan
1687:Yahya Abdallah al-Ubaydi
1537:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1237:Mohammed Younis al-Ahmed
1152:Syrian-dominated faction
848:Syrian-dominated faction
413:, deputy Prime Minister
3077:Historical legislatures
3067:Ba'athist organizations
2791:National Covenant Party
2595:Arab Socialist Movement
2246:Iraqi-dominated faction
2172:Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji
1862:Mohammad Jihad al-Laham
1547:Huda Salih Mahdi Ammash
1517:Muhammad Zimam al-Sadun
1120:Iraqi-dominated faction
1040:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge
1030:Union of Arab Republics
982:1966 Syrian coup d'état
957:1963 Syrian coup d'état
937:1954 Syrian coup d'état
895:Arab Socialist Movement
839:Iraqi-dominated faction
784:British Medical Journal
599:The Wars Against Saddam
546:Power and controversies
2821:Syrian Communist Party
2627:Palestinian Arab Front
2157:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
2137:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
2127:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
2077:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1882:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
1857:Abdul Rahman Khleifawi
1792:Muhammad Ali al-Halabi
1697:Mohammed Hamza Zubeidi
1632:Ghazi Hamoud Al-Obaidi
1577:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1532:Jamal Mustafa Abdullah
1232:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
1137:Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri
660:Charles Tripp (2007).
476:The Revolution of 1958
411:Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri
106:by rewriting it in an
2637:Sudanese Ba'ath Party
2152:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
2102:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1877:Muhammad Mustafa Mero
1672:Nayef Shindakh Thamer
1425:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
1286:Abd al-Majid al-Rafei
921:Salah al-Din al-Bitar
596:John Simpson (2003).
387:American-led invasion
379:military coup in 1968
341:Government executives
2731:National Union Front
2062:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
2020:Abdul Halim Khaddam
1975:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1827:Abdul-Karim al-Jundi
1772:Fahd Jassem al-Freij
1642:Fawzi Mutlaq al-Rawi
1567:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1420:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1222:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
1193:Regional Secretaries
890:Arab Ba'ath Movement
517:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
348:Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr
162:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
2854:Other organizations
2796:Popular Unity Party
2646:Political alliances
2177:Wael Nader al-Halqi
2044:Heads of government
1887:Abdul Qadir Qaddura
1842:Abdul Halim Khaddam
1812:Mohammad al-Hussein
1797:Wael Nader al-Halqi
1637:Taha Yassin Ramadan
1627:Aziz Saleh Al-Numan
1617:Ali Hassan al-Majid
1602:Latif Nassif Jassim
1092:General Secretaries
1025:Corrective Movement
947:1959 Mosul uprising
488:Charles R. H. Tripp
419:Taha Yassin Ramadan
298:Government overview
266:مجلس القيادة الثوري
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2746:Rejectionist Front
2142:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
2117:Nureddin al-Atassi
2005:Nureddin al-Atassi
1837:Abdul Rauf al-Kasm
1742:Nureddin al-Atassi
1652:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1552:Salih Mahdi Ammash
1522:Ghanim Abdul-Jalil
1475:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1405:Nureddin al-Atassi
1339:Nureddin al-Atassi
1217:Ali Salih al-Sa'di
1169:Abdullah al-Ahmar
1159:Nureddin al-Atassi
1055:De-Ba'athification
998:17 July Revolution
952:Ramadan Revolution
942:14 July Revolution
636:on 12 October 2005
484:Abd al-Karim Qasim
439:Taha Yasin Ramadan
108:encyclopedic style
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673:978-0-521-70247-8
663:A History of Iraq
427:Salah Omar Al-Ali
407:President of Iraq
399:President of Iraq
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124:
120:
117:
111:
88:
87:
80:
69:
47:
46:
39:
21:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3012:
3008:Pan-Arab colors
3002:Arḍ ul-Furātayn
2989:
2964:
2894:
2875:
2849:
2750:
2694:
2641:
2600:Damascus branch
2580:
2574:
2545:Free Iraqi Army
2535:Al-Abud Network
2519:
2515:
2492:
2476:
2462:Fedayeen Saddam
2457:Ba'ath Brigades
2438:
2417:
2408:Sawt al-Jamahir
2387:
2366:Central Command
2319:
2236:
2226:
2222:
2203:
2192:
2092:
2086:
2052:
2035:
2030:Bashar al-Assad
2010:Ahmad al-Khatib
1990:
1984:
1965:
1948:
1936:
1907:Hammud al-Shufi
1872:Zuhair Masharqa
1867:Ibrahim Makhous
1852:Ahmad al-Khatib
1817:Hisham Ikhtiyar
1737:Rifaat al-Assad
1727:Bashar al-Assad
1707:
1701:
1667:Talib El-Shibib
1582:Saadoun Ghaidan
1502:
1489:
1485:Khaled Yashruti
1480:Talib El-Shibib
1470:Abdullah Rimawi
1435:Wahib al-Ghanim
1395:Bashar al-Assad
1370:
1364:
1354:
1349:Bashar al-Assad
1324:Hammud al-Shufi
1312:
1290:
1269:
1254:Abdullah Rimawi
1242:
1212:Talib El-Shibib
1184:
1179:Bashar al-Assad
1147:
1115:
1083:
1064:
986:
925:
904:
869:
865:
854:
847:
838:
828:
824:
821:
791:
790:
781:
777:
772:
765:
757:Peter Sluglett
756:
752:
747:
743:
734:
730:
725:
721:
716:
712:
700:
693:
685:
681:
674:
659:
658:
649:
639:
637:
633:
626:
622:
621:
617:
610:
595:
594:
590:
585:
548:
526:
472:
467:
359:
356:, Last Chairman
284:
269:
252:
241:
240:
239:
234:
223:
217:
214:
171:
169:
159:
147:
132:
121:
115:
112:
104:help improve it
101:
89:
85:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3072:Saddam Hussein
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3042:Ba'athist Iraq
3039:
3029:
3028:
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:Arab socialism
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2885:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:Jeish Muhammad
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2422:Popular fronts
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2240:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2187:Hussein Arnous
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2122:Hafez al-Assad
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Sa'dun Hammadi
2069:
2067:Saddam Hussein
2064:
2058:
2056:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2027:
2017:
2015:Hafez al-Assad
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1980:Saddam Hussein
1977:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1957:Heads of state
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Muhammad Umran
1919:
1917:Hasan Turkmani
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1732:Hafez al-Assad
1729:
1724:
1722:Hussein Arnous
1719:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Fuad al-Rikabi
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1597:Saddam Hussein
1594:
1589:
1587:Sa'dun Hammadi
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1506:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1465:Fuad al-Rikabi
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1400:Hafez al-Assad
1397:
1392:
1390:Zaki al-Arsuzi
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1346:
1344:Hafez al-Assad
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1264:Akram al-Homsi
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1229:
1227:Saddam Hussein
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:Fuad al-Rikabi
1203:
1201:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1166:
1164:Hafez al-Assad
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1132:Saddam Hussein
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Iraqi conflict
1047:
1045:Faith Campaign
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1005:
1003:Ba'athist Iraq
1000:
994:
992:
988:
987:
985:
984:
979:
977:1964 Hama riot
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
927:
926:
924:
923:
918:
912:
910:
906:
905:
903:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
879:
871:
870:
863:
856:
855:
853:
852:
843:
833:
830:
829:
822:
820:
819:
812:
805:
797:
789:
788:
775:
763:
750:
741:
728:
719:
710:
691:
679:
672:
647:
615:
608:
587:
586:
584:
581:
552:Hassan al-Bakr
547:
544:
525:
522:
471:
468:
466:
463:
455:Order Number 2
447:Tariq Aziz Isa
403:Saddam Hussein
361:
360:
358:
357:
354:Saddam Hussein
351:
344:
342:
338:
337:
332:
328:
327:
325:Ba'athist Iraq
322:
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
295:
294:
286:
285:
282:
274:
273:
254:
253:
236:
235:
150:
148:
141:
134:
133:
92:
90:
83:
78:
52:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3099:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:Republicanism
2943:
2941:
2940:Progressivism
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:Miscellaneous
2890:
2886:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Rejectionists
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2507:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2214:
2202:* = incumbent
2199:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Yusuf Zuayyin
2110:
2108:
2107:Amin al-Hafiz
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Amin al-Hafiz
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:Yusuf Zuayyin
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Mustafa Tlass
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1832:Sami al-Jundi
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1787:Amin al-Hafiz
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1777:Marwan Habash
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Khamis Sirhan
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:Qusay Hussein
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:Zuheir Mohsen
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1440:Amin al-Hafiz
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:Amin al-Hafiz
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
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2528:Armed groups
2472:Popular Army
2450:Paramilitary
2223:Organization
2022:
1757:Muhsen Bilal
1460:Munif Razzaz
1380:Michel Aflaq
1302:Isam al-Qadi
1259:Munif Razzaz
1171:
1127:Michel Aflaq
1111:Munif Razzaz
1106:Michel Aflaq
1007:
916:Michel Aflaq
878:Predecessors
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321:Jurisdiction
316:9 April 2003
307:17 July 1968
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160:Please help
155:verification
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56:Please help
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2960:Vanguardism
2935:Pan-Arabism
2565:Snake Party
2351:South Yemen
2182:Imad Khamis
1927:Salim Yasin
1847:Imad Khamis
1822:Salah Jadid
1807:Hilal Hilal
1802:Salim Hatum
1767:Ahmad Diyab
1692:Tahir Yahya
1450:Salah Jadid
1430:Elias Farah
1307:Rakad Salem
1281:Assem Qanso
885:Arab Ba'ath
451:Paul Bremer
395:legislative
385:before the
3031:Categories
2969:Literature
2955:Secularism
2843:in Lebanon
2396:Newspapers
2341:Mauritania
2295:Mauritania
2162:Adel Safar
1562:Tariq Aziz
1172:(de facto)
1082:Leadership
991:Post-split
583:References
415:Tariq Aziz
218:March 2015
188:newspapers
116:March 2015
59:improve it
2994:Symbolism
2950:Saddamism
2930:Ba'athism
2413:Al-Thawra
2403:Al-Ba'ath
2346:Palestine
2300:Palestine
2023:(interim)
1295:Palestine
1099:Pre-split
1020:Arab Belt
930:Pre-split
640:25 August
391:executive
313:Dissolved
65:talk page
2903:Ideology
2706:Ahd Bloc
909:Founders
493:monarchy
2831:Unified
2826:Bakdash
2653:Current
2617:Al-Awda
2371:History
2336:Lebanon
2310:Tunisia
2285:Lebanon
2258:Bahrain
2253:Algeria
1368:of the
1365:Members
1274:Lebanon
1013:Members
866:History
557:In 1979
524:Leaders
470:Origins
465:History
457:of the
405:became
335:Baghdad
202:scholar
102:Please
2699:Former
2331:Jordan
2280:Jordan
1247:Jordan
704:, ed.
687:"Iraq"
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417:, and
371:Arabic
303:Formed
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2801:Sawab
2481:Youth
2443:Wings
2383:Yemen
2361:Syria
2356:Sudan
2315:Yemen
2305:Sudan
2290:Libya
2263:Egypt
2093:Syria
1991:Syria
1941:Yemen
1708:Syria
1317:Syria
634:(PDF)
627:(PDF)
535:Shi‘a
209:JSTOR
195:books
2268:Iraq
2053:Iraq
1966:Iraq
1503:Iraq
1200:Iraq
668:ISBN
642:2023
604:ISBN
453:per
393:and
383:Iraq
365:The
181:news
164:by
3033::
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