158:). However, this figure greatly under-represents the true number of Newfoundlanders of Irish ancestry, as 53.9% claimed "Canadian" as their ethnic origin in the same census. The majority of these respondents were of Irish, English, and Scottish origins, but no longer self-identify with their ethnic ancestral origins due to having lived in Canada for many generations. Even so, the family names, the features and colouring, the predominance of Catholics in some areas (particularly on the southeast portion of the
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22:
527:
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Most Irish emigrants arrived between 1750 and 1830 from strongly Irish-speaking counties, chiefly in
Munster. For the decennial period 1771-1781 the number of Irish speakers in a number of those counties can be estimated as follows: County Kilkenny 57%, County Tipperary 51%, County Waterford 86%,
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452:
to their new home. But the majority of the Irish were Roman
Catholics, and they brought with them a version of Catholicism which was strongly marked by belief in fairies, magic, omens, charms and protective rituals. This tended to reduce their dependence on the Church, which seemed to have no
262:
County Kerry 93% and County Cork 84%. Newfoundland is one of the few places outside
Ireland where the Irish language was spoken by much of the population as their primary language. It is also the only place outside Europe with its own distinctive name in the Irish language,
174:
The large Irish
Catholic element in Newfoundland in the 19th century played a major role in Newfoundland history, and developed a strong local culture of their own. They were in repeated political conflict—sometimes violent—with the Protestant Scots-Irish "Orange" element.
205:
commissioned a census that exceeded in its detail anything recorded to that time. More than 400 settlements were listed. The Irish, and their offspring, composed half of the total population. Close to three-quarters of them lived in St. John's and its near hinterland, from
119:
420:
Elements of material culture, agricultural folkways, vernacular and ecclesiastical architecture endured, and trace elements remain. But the commercial cod fishery and the presence of so many
English produced a new, composite culture, that of modern
432:
Despite the Irish elements in the culture of modern
Newfoundland, little attention has been given to the (now moribund) local variety of the Irish language. An exception was the work of the local scholar Aloysius (Aly) O’Brien, who died in 2008.
285:
and faction fighting, and flourished for a time in a series of local enclaves. Irish-speaking interpreters were occasionally needed in the courts. Native speakers are likely to have existed even after the First World War.
1290:
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destinations, some stayed, and many engaged in what has been called "to-ing and fro-ing", an annual seasonal migration between
Ireland and Newfoundland due to fisheries and trade.
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merchants and planters. It was a substantial migration, peaking in the 1770s and 1780s when more than 100 ships and 5,000 men cleared Irish ports for the fishery. The exodus from
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Religious faith had great institutional importance. Several of the leading Irish merchants and propertied men were
Protestants and brought the traditions of the
1149:
1087:
891:
Fitzgerald, Garrett, ‘Estimates for baronies of minimal level of Irish-speaking amongst successive decennial cohorts, 117-1781 to 1861-1871,’ Volume 84,
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FitzGerald, John Edward. "Conflict and
Culture in Irish-Newfoundland Roman Catholicism, 1829-1850." (Ph.D. dissertation, 1997. University of Ottawa)
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476:(like O'Donel himself). It also played a part in the greatest early challenge to the Catholic Church, when the Reverend Laurence Coughlan, a
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162:), the prevalence of Irish music, and even the accents of the people in these areas, are so reminiscent of rural Ireland that Irish author
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With Irish being the language of the majority in the early period, it was often the language of church services. The
Catholic Bishop
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Newfoundland's Grand Banks site - Genealogical and Historical Data for the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador
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Trew, Johanne Devlin Trew, "The Forgotten Irish? Contested sites and narratives of nation in Newfoundland."
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These migrations were seasonal or temporary. Most Irish migrants were young men working on contract for
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Johanne Devlin Trew, "The Forgotten Irish? Contested sites and narratives of nation in Newfoundland."
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was uncovered in the St. John's Garrison and planned to rebel against the English authority in the
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was associated with an inherited culture of stories, poetry, folklore, traditional feast days,
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Casey, George. "Irish culture in Newfoundland." in Cyril J. Byrne and Margaret R. Harry eds.,
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652:"1916: The Mornings After review: Tim Pat Coogan's arrogant travesty of Irish history"
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has described Newfoundland as "the most Irish place in the world outside of Ireland."
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Statistics Canada: 2006 Population by selected ethnicity, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Statistics Canada 2006 Census - Ethnic Origin by Sex, Newfoundland and Labrador
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Benevolent Irish Society building, St. Patrick's Hall, St. John's, Newfoundland
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Kirwan, William J. (1993). ‘The planting of Anglo-Irish in Newfoundland’ in
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National Adult Literacy Database guidebook on Newfoundland multiculturalism
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National Adult Literacy Database guidebook on Newfoundland multiculturalism
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Tuition in Irish (of a kind not specific to Newfoundland) is available at
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The Irish Loop on the southern portion of Newfoundland's Avalon Peninsula
496:, making Newfoundland one of the few places outside Ireland in which the
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Conflict and culture in Irish-Newfoundland Roman Catholicism, 1829-1850
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to the United States excepted, it was the most substantial movement of
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736:‘Aloysius O’Brien, 93: Agronomist,’ J.M. O’Sullivan, 13 October 2008,
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To Newfoundland the Irish brought family names of southeast Ireland:
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615:"2016 Census: Census Profile, 2016 Census Newfoundland and Labrador"
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Exiles and Islanders: The Irish Settlers of Prince Edward Island
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823:, Brian McGinn, the Irish Diaspora Studies scholarly network
776:"Teagascóirí Gaeilge - Ireland Canada University Foundation"
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915:, Sandra Clark (ed.). John Benjamin's Publishing Company.
472:, said that such a missionary would need to be fluent in
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dialect heavily influenced the distinctive varieties of
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Wherever Green Is Worn: The Story of the Irish Diaspora
515:), who wore French cravates (ties) and the Shanavests (
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European-Canadian culture in Newfoundland and Labrador
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Newfoundland: The Most Irish Place Outside of Ireland
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Newfoundland: The Most Irish Place Outside of Ireland
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Irish-Canadian culture in Newfoundland and Labrador
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
873:Priests and People in Pre-Famine Ireland 1780-1845
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1296:Newfoundland and Labrador people of Irish descent
865:(Halifax: Nimbus Publishing. 1986) pp: 203-227.
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696:John Mannion, PNLA Exhibit, 1996 as cited in
8:
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369:. The many Newfoundlanders with the surname
142:descent. According to the Statistics Canada
377:) derive from 19th Century immigrants from
194:in the 18th century. Some went on to other
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863:Talamh an eisc: Canadian and Irish essays
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755:Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
277:The form of the Irish language known as
893:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
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1301:People from Newfoundland and Labrador
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
438:Memorial University of Newfoundland
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591:Branch, Newfoundland and Labrador
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521:Seanabheastaí, Seanabheisteanna
464:missionary for the parishes of
138:), many Newfoundlanders are of
31:needs additional citations for
453:monopoly on the supernatural.
236:Irish language in Newfoundland
1:
687:(University of Ottawa, 1997.)
425:, a culture unique in modern
214:, an area still known as the
585:Irish fisherman, settled in
225:Plaque in Waterford, Ireland
201:In 1836, the government in
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947:Na Gaeil i dTalamh an Éisc
799:Connolly 1982, p. 119-120.
641:. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002
583:Thomas Nash (Newfoundland)
490:Society of United Irishmen
233:
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1177:Irish Traveller Americans
945:Ó hEadhra, Aogán (1998).
926:O’Grady, Brendan (2004).
587:Newfoundland and Labrador
578:Newfoundland and Labrador
1306:Irish diaspora in Canada
751:"RootsWeb.com Home Page"
683:John Edward FitzGerald,
573:Dominion of Newfoundland
541:Benevolent Irish Society
503:Even at the time of the
266:(Land of the Fish). The
122:Newfoundland and Ireland
869:Connolly, S.J. (1982).
500:had political effects.
498:Irish Rebellion of 1798
488:In 1800, a cell of the
55:"Irish Newfoundlanders"
877:. Gill and Macmillan.
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230:Language and culture
40:improve this article
1272:Flight of the Earls
808:O’Grady 2004, p. 56
724:Kirwan 1993, p. 68.
674:27#2 (2005): 43-77.
458:James Louis O'Donel
256:Republic of Ireland
905:2021-11-11 at the
738:The Globe and Mail
703:2008-06-26 at the
551:Newfoundland Irish
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478:Methodist preacher
279:Newfoundland Irish
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38:Please help
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