521:
Barry and Martin Doyle. The IRA divided its members into three classes, namely "unreliable", "reliable" and "active". The "unreliable" members were those who were nominally IRA members but did not do very much for the struggle, "reliable" members played a supporting role in the war while occasionally fighting and the "active" men those who were engaged in full-time fighting. Of the IRA brigades only about one to two-thirds were considered to be "reliable" while those considered "active" were even smaller. A disproportionate number of the "active" IRA men were teachers, medical students, shoemakers and bootmakers; those engaged in building trades like painters, carpenters and bricklayers; draper's assistants and creamery workers. The
Canadian historian Peter Hart wrote "...the guerrillas were disproportionately skilled, trained and urban". Farmers and fishermen tended to be underrepresented in the IRA. Those Irishmen engaged in white-collar trades or working as skilled labourers were much more likely to be involved in cultural nationalist groups like the
526:
with the Crown, leading to a greater chance of radicalisation. Finally, the
British tactic of blowing up the homes of IRA members had the effect of discouraging many farmers from joining the struggle as the destruction of the family farm could easily reduce a farmer and his family to destitution. Of the "active" IRA members, three-quarters were in their late teens or early 20s and only 5% of the "active" men were in the age range of 40 or older. The "active" members were overwhelmingly single men with only 4% being married or engaged in a relationship. The life of an "active" IRA man with the stress of living on the run and constantly being in hiding tended to attract single men who could adjust to this lifestyle far more easily than a man in a relationship. Furthermore, the IRA preferred to recruit single men as it was found that singles could devote themselves more wholeheartedly to the struggle.
530:
Protestants serving as "active" IRA men. Hart wrote that in his study of the IRA membership that he found only three
Protestants serving as "active" IRA men between 1919 and 1921. Of the 917 IRA men convicted by British courts under the Defence of the Realm Act in 1919, only one was a Protestant. The majority of those serving in the IRA were practising Catholics, but there was a large minority of "pagans" as atheists or non-practising Catholics who were known in Ireland. The majority of the IRA men serving in metropolitan Britain were permanent residents with very few sent over from Ireland. The majority of the IRA men operating in Britain were Irish-born, but there was a substantial minority who were British-born, something that made them especially insistent on asserting their Irish identity.
183:
366:
4716:
171:
206:
159:
53:
469:
sharp contrast, a contemporary in the struggle for Irish independence notes that by late 1919, the term "Irish
Republican Army (IRA)" was replacing "Volunteers" in everyday usage. This change is attributed to the Volunteers, having accepted the authority of the Dáil, being referred to as the "army of the Irish Republic", popularly known as the "Irish Republican Army". Already in September 1917, a group of men from counties
1578:
1566:
1885:
1831:. The Church of Ireland Gazette recorded numerous instances of Unionists and Loyalists being shot, burnt or forced from their homes during the early 1920s. In County Cork between 1920 and 1923 the IRA shot over 200 civilians of whom over 70 (or 36%) were Protestants: five times the percentage of Protestants in the civilian population. This was due to the historical inclination of Protestants towards loyalty to the
574:
489:(TD) and minister in the Aireacht. Brugha and de Valera both urged the IRA to undertake larger, more conventional military actions for the propaganda effect but were ignored by Collins and Mulcahy. Brugha at one stage proposed the assassination of the entire British cabinet. This was also discounted due to its presumed negative effect on British public opinion. Moreover, many members of the Dáil, notably
94:
1881:, the British commander in chief in Ireland and agreed terms. The IRA was to retain its arms and the British Army was to remain in barracks for the duration of peace negotiations. Many IRA officers interpreted the truce only as a temporary break in fighting. They continued to recruit and train volunteers, with the result that the IRA had increased its number to over 72,000 men by early 1922.
1872:, the British Prime Minister, at the time, found himself under increasing pressure (both internationally and from within the British Isles) to try to salvage something from the situation. This was a complete reversal on his earlier position. He had consistently referred to the IRA as a "murder gang" up until then. An unexpected olive branch came from King George V, who, in a speech in
1991:, but the anti-Treaty side argued that the decision of the Dáil to accept the Treaty (and set aside the Irish Republic) meant that the IRA no longer owed that body its allegiance. They called for the IRA to withdraw from the authority of the Dáil and to entrust the IRA Executive with control over the army. On 16 January, the first IRA division – the 2nd Southern Division led by
351:
1855:
negotiations with the Irish political leaders. According to historian
Michael Hopkinson, the guerrilla warfare "was often courageous and effective". Historian David Fitzpatrick observes, "The guerrilla fighters...were vastly outnumbered by the forces of the Crown... The success of the Irish Volunteers in surviving so long is therefore noteworthy."
398:, in 1916. Following the suppression of the Rising, thousands of Volunteers were imprisoned or interned, leading to the break-up of the organisation. It was reorganised in 1917 following the release of first the internees and then the prisoners. At the army convention held in Dublin in October 1917, Éamon de Valera was elected president,
2018:) no longer exercised any control over the IRA. In addition, it ordered an end to the recruitment to the new military and police forces of the Provisional Government. Furthermore, it instructed all IRA units to reaffirm their allegiance to the Irish Republic on 2 April. The stage was set for civil war over the Treaty.
2041:, created by the "illegitimate" Treaty, was an illegitimate state. They asserted that their "IRA Army Executive" was the real government of a still-existing Irish Republic. The IRA of the Civil War and subsequent organisations that have used the name claim lineage from that group, which is covered in full at
1850:
This was also a period of social upheaval in
Ireland, with frequent strikes as well as other manifestations of class conflict. In this regard, the IRA acted to a large degree as an agent of social control and stability, driven by the need to preserve cross-class unity in the national struggle, and on
520:
The IRA claimed a total strength of 70,000, but only about 3,000 were actively engaged in fighting against the Crown. The IRA distrusted those
Irishmen who had fought in the British Army during the First World War as potential informers, but there were a number of exceptions such as Emmet Dalton, Tom
2032:
The pro-treaty IRA soon became the nucleus of the new (regular) Irish
National Army created by Collins and Richard Mulcahy. British pressure, and tensions between the pro- and anti-Treaty factions of the IRA, led to a bloody civil war, ending in the defeat of the anti-Treaty faction. On 24 May 1923,
525:
than farmers or fishermen, and thus to have a stronger sense of Irish nationalism. Furthermore, the authority of the Crown tended to be stronger in towns and cities than in the countryside. Thus, those engaged in Irish nationalist activities in urban areas were much more likely to come into conflict
504:
as second in command. These men were able to issue orders and directives to IRA guerrilla units around the country and at times to send arms and organisers to specific areas. However, because of the localised and irregular character of the war, they were only able to exert limited control over local
1953:
was not by itself the key breaking point between pro- and anti-Treaty campaigners; both sides expected the
Boundary Commission to greatly reduce Northern Ireland. Moreover, Michael Collins was planning a clandestine guerrilla campaign against the Northern state using the IRA. In early 1922, he sent
480:
A power struggle continued between Brugha and
Collins, both cabinet ministers, over who had the greater influence. Brugha was nominally the superior as Minister for Defence, but Collins's power base came from his position as Director of Organisation of the IRA and from his membership on the Supreme
468:
own executive and no other body. In August 1919, Brugha proposed to the Dáil that the Volunteers be asked to swear allegiance to the Dáil, but one commentator states that another year passed before the movement took an oath of allegiance to the Irish Republic and its government in "August 1920". In
2006:
held what was to become an infamous press conference and declared that the IRA would no longer obey the Dáil as (he said) it had violated its Oath to uphold the Irish Republic. He went on to say that "we repudiate the Dáil ... We will set up an Executive which will issue orders to the IRA all over
1646:
The second phase of the IRA campaign, roughly from January to July 1920, involved attacks on the fortified police barracks located in the towns. Between January and June 1920, 16 of these were destroyed and 29 badly damaged. Several events of late 1920 greatly escalated the conflict. Firstly, the
1799:
By the end of the war in July 1921, the IRA was hard-pressed by the deployment of more British troops into the most active areas and a chronic shortage of arms and ammunition. It has been estimated that the IRA had only about 3,000 rifles (mostly captured from the British) during the war, with a
1630:
were sent around the country to set up viable guerrilla units. On paper, there were 100,000 or so Volunteers enrolled after the conscription crisis of 1918. However, only about 15,000 of these participated in the guerrilla war. In 1919, Collins, the IRA's Director of Intelligence, organised the
1807:
By June 1921, Collins' assessment was that the IRA was within weeks, possibly even days, of collapse. It had few weapons or ammunition left. Moreover, almost 5,000 IRA men had been imprisoned or interned and over 500 killed. Collins and Mulcahy estimated that the number of effective guerrilla
529:
Women were active in the republican movement, but almost no women fought with the IRA whose "active" members were almost entirely male. The IRA was not a sectarian group and went out of its way to proclaim it was open to all Irishmen, but its membership was largely Catholic with virtually no
1854:
Assessments of the effectiveness of the IRA's campaign vary. They were never in a position to engage in conventional warfare. The political, military and financial costs of remaining in Ireland were higher than the British government was prepared to pay and this in a sense forced them into
1942:. Under the terms of the Anglo-Irish agreement of 6 December 1921, which ended the war (1919–21), Northern Ireland was given the option of withdrawing from the new state, the Irish Free State, and remaining part of the United Kingdom. The Northern Ireland parliament chose to do that. An
1999:, O/C of the IRA Mid-Limerick Brigade, issued a proclamation stating that: "We no longer recognise the authority of the present head of the army, and renew our allegiance to the existing Irish Republic". This was the first unit of the IRA to break with the pro-Treaty government.
1811:
The British recruited hundreds of World War I veterans into the RIC and sent them to Ireland. Because there was initially a shortage of RIC uniforms, the veterans at first wore a combination of dark green RIC uniforms and khaki British Army uniforms, which inspired the nickname
1835:. A convention of Irish Protestant Churches in Dublin in May 1922 signed a resolution placing "on record" that "hostility to Protestants by reason of their religion has been almost, if not wholly, unknown in the twenty-six counties in which Protestants are in the minority."
1621:
The IRA fought a guerrilla war against the Crown forces in Ireland from 1919 to July 1921. The most intense period of the war was from November 1920 onwards. The IRA campaign can broadly be split into three phases. The first, in 1919, involved the re-organisation of the
1770:
and state forces, undertook a retaliatory arson campaign against factories and commercial premises. The violence in Belfast alone, which continued until October 1922 (long after the truce in the rest of the country), claimed the lives of between 400 and 500 people.
1723:, which tried to carry out at least three attacks on British troops a day. Usually, these consisted of shooting or grenade attacks on British patrols. Outside Dublin and Munster, there were only isolated areas of intense activity. For instance, the
1846:
on de Valera's insistence, to the horror of the more militarily experienced Collins. As he feared, the destruction proved a pyrrhic victory for the Republic, with so many IRA men killed or captured that the IRA in Dublin suffered a severe blow.
1816:". The brutality of the Black and Tans is now well-known, although the greatest violence attributed to the Crown's forces was often that of the Auxiliary Division of the Constabulary. One of the strongest critics of the Black and Tans was King
1639:'s father Stephen Behan was a member of the Squad). Typical of Collins's sardonic sense of humour, the Squad was often referred to as his "Twelve Apostles". In addition, there were some arms raids on RIC barracks. By the end of 1919, four
1714:
in March 1921, 100 or so of Barry's men fought a sizeable engagement with a British column of 1,200, escaping from the British encircling manoeuvre. In Dublin, the "Squad" and elements of the IRA Dublin Brigade were amalgamated into the
1980:– the de facto leader of the IRA – had negotiated the Treaty, many IRA officers were against it. Of the General Headquarters (GHQ) staff, nine members were in favour of the Treaty while four opposed it. The majority of the IRA
493:, did not approve of IRA violence and would have preferred a campaign of passive resistance to the British rule. The Dáil belatedly accepted responsibility for IRA actions in April 1921, just three months before the end of the
1667:
personnel into the country. Thus, the third phase of the war (roughly August 1920 – July 1921) involved the IRA taking on a greatly expanded British force, moving away from attacking well-defended barracks and instead using
328:
in 1922–1923, with the intention of creating a fully independent all-Ireland republic. Having lost the civil war, this group remained in existence, with the intention of overthrowing the governments of both the
1876:
called for reconciliation on all sides, changed the mood and enabled the British and Irish Republican governments to agree to a truce. The Truce was agreed on 11 July 1921. On 8 July, de Valera met General
3180:
1824:
1643:
and 11 RIC men had been killed. The RIC abandoned most of their smaller rural barracks in late 1919. Around 400 of these were burned in a co-ordinated IRA operation around the country in April 1920.
477:
charged with illegal drilling were claiming to soldiers of the "Irish Republican Army" and refused to recognise the legitimacy of the court, and insisted they should be treated as prisoners of war.
2658:
5505:
2176:
1735:
against Black and Tan reprisals in a three-hour gun battle. In County Mayo, large-scale guerrilla action did not break out until spring 1921, when two British forces were ambushed at
1782:
were created based on region, with commanders being given responsibility, in theory, for large geographical areas. In practice, this had little effect on the localised nature of the
4555:
1318:
1800:
larger number of shotguns and pistols. An ambitious plan to buy arms from Italy in 1921 collapsed when the money did not reach the arms dealers. Towards the end of the war, some
1073:
3173:
5459:
1146:
990:
2067:
1804:
were imported from the United States; however 495 of these were intercepted by the American authorities and the remainder only reached Ireland shortly before the Truce.
1949:
Irish leaders expected that it would so reduce Northern Ireland's size, by transferring nationalist areas to the Irish Free State, as to make it economically unviable.
1694:. In Munster, the IRA carried out a significant number of successful actions against British troops, for instance, the ambushing and killing of 16 of 18 Auxiliaries by
3881:
2007:
the country." In reply to the question on whether this meant they intended to create a military dictatorship, O'Connor said: "You can take it that way if you like."
696:
5500:
3921:
3166:
1676:"—permanent guerrilla units, usually about 20 strong, although sometimes larger. In rural areas, the flying columns usually had bases in remote mountainous areas.
3312:
1608:
1683:. In the early hours of the morning, Collins' "Squad" killed 14 British spies. In reprisal, that afternoon, British forces opened fire on a football crowd at
4260:
3512:
4023:
3475:
2642:
1832:
163:
4548:
1984:
were against the Treaty; in January–June 1922, their discontent developed into open defiance of the elected civilian Provisional government of Ireland.
5515:
5416:
4611:
4008:
3332:
2037:, the (anti-treaty) IRA Chief-of-Staff, called a cease-fire. Many left political activity altogether, but a minority continued to insist that the new
1181:
550:
2403:
2168:
5530:
4013:
2049:
For information on later organisations using the name Irish Republican Army, see the table below. For a genealogy of organisations using the name
726:
464:
The Dáil leadership worried that the Volunteers would not accept its authority, given that, under their own constitution, they were bound to obey
3993:
3853:
3322:
1687:, killing 14 civilians. Towards the end of the day, two prominent Republicans and a friend of theirs were arrested and killed by Crown Forces.
1632:
5368:
3839:
3797:
2042:
1194:
485:(IRB). De Valera resented Collins's clear power and influence, which he saw as coming more from the secretive IRB than from his position as a
317:
249:
4541:
3895:
3625:
3052:
2652:
2613:
2379:
1431:
442:
5411:
3570:
1328:
1260:
1078:
5165:
5525:
5520:
5437:
4807:
4388:
4125:
3238:
2580:
2003:
814:
751:
294:
1690:
While most areas of the country saw some violence in 1919–1921, the brunt of the war was fought in Dublin and the southern province of
4849:
4604:
4393:
4288:
3720:
2887:
2769:
2439:
3525:
3146:
5396:
5179:
4669:
4517:
3715:
3640:
3228:
3130:
3109:
3090:
3071:
2951:
2913:
2868:
2849:
2830:
2790:
2721:
2693:
2574:
2485:
1601:
1509:
1222:
965:
3871:
3280:
312:, which ended the War of Independence, a split occurred within the IRA. Members who supported the treaty formed the nucleus of the
5510:
5454:
5449:
5421:
4480:
4109:
4061:
3605:
1547:
1539:
1119:
1104:
1030:
927:
598:
3655:
4463:
4141:
3891:
3830:
3771:
3766:
1426:
1416:
1288:
1232:
1063:
1005:
1939:
5406:
5401:
5243:
4898:
4522:
4165:
3520:
3267:
3029:
3010:
2991:
2972:
2932:
2809:
1977:
1967:
1931:
1901:
1817:
1283:
1217:
1141:
399:
372:
2619:
2491:
1954:
IRA units to the border areas and sent arms to northern units. It was only afterwards, when partition was confirmed, that a
1035:
1758:
majority and IRA actions were responded to with reprisals against the Catholic population, including killings (such as the
5041:
4373:
4318:
4031:
784:
5391:
1242:
5291:
4565:
4378:
4173:
4085:
3746:
3690:
3630:
1594:
1529:
1519:
1421:
1338:
1202:
932:
482:
125:
4662:
4442:
4197:
3911:
3445:
1843:
1790:
1333:
1166:
1020:
839:
716:
618:
414:
209:
5002:
5444:
5386:
5281:
5204:
5186:
5137:
4946:
4939:
1640:
1411:
1391:
1255:
1227:
1207:
1176:
1048:
1015:
701:
4358:
4323:
4227:
849:
819:
5474:
5464:
5341:
4775:
4278:
3906:
3555:
3257:
1943:
1464:
1129:
1124:
706:
539:
494:
302:
222:
854:
297:), and the Irish Volunteers were recognised by Dáil Éireann as its legitimate army. Thereafter, the IRA waged a
269:
5158:
4761:
1635:"—an assassination unit based in Dublin that killed police involved in intelligence work (the Irish playwright
1401:
1043:
1025:
741:
686:
426:
186:
4835:
4338:
3580:
2086:(maximum strength including front-line and support personnel) of whom 3,000 served as fighters at any one time
1489:
4800:
4632:
3926:
3792:
3460:
3317:
1916:
1801:
1313:
1303:
1237:
1058:
937:
884:
671:
666:
656:
623:
438:
395:
245:
182:
4828:
4639:
4447:
3660:
3152:
1920:
1766:. The IRA in Belfast and the North generally, although involved in protecting the Catholic community from
1524:
1406:
1381:
1348:
5208:
4932:
4735:
3730:
3203:
2054:
1499:
1484:
746:
365:
278:
4471:
4181:
3044:
1353:
995:
1679:
The most high-profile violence of the war took place in Dublin in November 1920 and is still known as
5055:
4491:
4486:
4476:
3988:
3967:
3962:
3863:
3645:
3550:
3465:
3450:
3370:
3365:
3272:
1950:
1763:
1736:
1703:
1680:
1376:
1343:
1298:
834:
628:
603:
510:
5253:
5098:
4814:
4597:
4507:
4383:
4313:
3823:
3700:
3345:
1779:
1755:
1716:
1695:
1494:
1436:
1053:
1000:
975:
859:
563:
506:
313:
293:
that had been proclaimed during the Easter Rising was formally established by an elected assembly (
274:
130:
4715:
3776:
5324:
5296:
5236:
5144:
5016:
4988:
4953:
4690:
4618:
3877:
3415:
3390:
3340:
3286:
3213:
2748:
1893:
1869:
1864:
1660:
1396:
1171:
980:
661:
522:
434:
309:
196:
4348:
2010:
On 28 March, the (anti-Treaty) IRA Executive issued statement stating that Minister of Defence (
1923:
on Ireland's south coast. These issues were the cause of a split in the IRA and ultimately, the
1884:
799:
17:
5319:
5151:
4782:
4424:
4403:
4298:
3756:
3675:
3595:
3530:
3425:
3400:
3375:
3126:
3105:
3086:
3067:
3048:
3025:
3006:
2987:
2968:
2947:
2928:
2909:
2883:
2864:
2845:
2826:
2805:
2786:
2765:
2717:
2689:
2648:
2609:
2570:
2481:
2435:
2431:
The Black and Tans: British Police and Auxiliaries in the Irish War of Independence, 1920-1921
2375:
1992:
1808:
fighters was down to 2,000–3,000. However, in the summer of 1921, the war was abruptly ended.
1783:
1751:
1711:
1699:
1627:
1114:
844:
829:
613:
298:
205:
2562:
2429:
2369:
5469:
5426:
5329:
5034:
4995:
4863:
4704:
4093:
4077:
3983:
3957:
3901:
3867:
3635:
3455:
3410:
3296:
3276:
3208:
2740:
2038:
1935:
1912:
1839:
1820:
who in May 1921 told Lady Margery Greenwood that "he hated the idea of the Black and Tans."
1793:
1759:
1728:
1623:
1534:
1212:
1099:
985:
864:
824:
593:
514:
474:
387:
334:
330:
282:
235:
5360:
5076:
4905:
4891:
4821:
4697:
4283:
4247:
4219:
3887:
3491:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3405:
3395:
3385:
3350:
3291:
2731:
Hart, Peter (March 1999). "The Social Structure of the Irish Republican Army, 1916-1923".
2027:
2011:
1924:
1897:
1767:
1724:
1570:
1514:
1504:
1479:
1386:
1161:
809:
794:
711:
501:
490:
325:
321:
4877:
4842:
4101:
3499:
2015:
917:
874:
486:
52:
5352:
5334:
5130:
5069:
5062:
4981:
4960:
4747:
4676:
4646:
4419:
4211:
4157:
4133:
3998:
3816:
3751:
3670:
3650:
3610:
3590:
3420:
3380:
3360:
3252:
3246:
3233:
1988:
1955:
1908:
1878:
1813:
1731:
carried out a number of well-planned ambushes and successfully defended the village of
1673:
1656:
1582:
1109:
922:
869:
789:
638:
446:
422:
290:
277:
revolutionary paramilitary organisation. The ancestor of many groups also known as the
264:
191:
98:
2644:
Green Against Green – The Irish Civil War: A History of the Irish Civil War, 1922–1923
1981:
1565:
5494:
5312:
5286:
5229:
5221:
5172:
5048:
4967:
4856:
4768:
4731:
4583:
4353:
4343:
4333:
4328:
4308:
4268:
3931:
3916:
3695:
3665:
3620:
3600:
3483:
3355:
3262:
3242:
3218:
3120:
2820:
2752:
1720:
1636:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1265:
774:
691:
676:
633:
588:
454:
418:
403:
391:
356:
286:
61:
58:
3808:
3158:
2404:"One Hundred Years Ago, Northern Ireland's 'Unholy War' Resulted in a Deadly Summer"
1796:. The action was a serious setback as five members were killed and eighty captured.
5379:
5301:
5123:
5105:
4884:
4739:
4437:
4273:
4149:
4117:
4039:
3941:
3761:
3565:
3560:
3535:
2714:
The Volunteer: Uniforms, Weapons and History of the Irish Republican Army 1913-1997
1664:
1454:
1371:
1010:
970:
804:
731:
681:
573:
470:
430:
176:
4683:
4455:
4429:
3223:
1068:
947:
410:
3022:
Black and Green: The Fight for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland and Black America
2780:
2603:
2475:
4870:
4398:
4303:
4293:
4069:
4053:
3936:
3725:
3685:
3680:
3585:
3575:
2034:
1838:
Many historic buildings in Ireland were destroyed during the war, most famously
1740:
1648:
894:
879:
779:
769:
736:
608:
4533:
4974:
4654:
4512:
4368:
4363:
4189:
3710:
3705:
3545:
3540:
2744:
1996:
1732:
1707:
1684:
1652:
1250:
889:
429:(RIC), the paramilitary police force in Ireland, and subsequently against the
1987:
Both sides agreed that the IRA's allegiance was to the (elected) Dáil of the
406:
Chairman of the Resident Executive, which in effect made him Chief of Staff.
5009:
4625:
3615:
2822:
Communism in modern Ireland: the pursuit of the workers' republic since 1916
1655:
and executions of IRA men. Secondly, they deployed paramilitary forces, the
458:
450:
3102:
On another man's wound: a personal history of Ireland's war of independence
1907:
The most contentious areas of the Treaty for the IRA were abolition of the
350:
281:, and distinguished from them as the "Old IRA", it was descended from the
4754:
912:
2962:
5257:
2861:
The Politics of Illusion: Republicanism and Socialism in Modern Ireland
1973:
1873:
1828:
1775:
1747:
1691:
1293:
942:
118:
1995:– repudiated the authority of the GHQ. A month later, on 18 February,
4590:
4003:
2371:
The Thompson Submachine Gun: From Prohibition Chicago to World War II
1669:
1323:
721:
108:
301:
campaign against the British occupation of Ireland in the 1919–1921
3041:
Big Fellow, Long Fellow: A Joint Biography of Collins and De Valera
2906:
Guerilla Days in Ireland: A Personal Account of the Anglo-Irish War
1896:
took place in late 1921 in London. The Irish delegation was led by
1883:
1778:'s endorsement of its actions, along the lines of a regular army.
1626:
as a guerrilla army and only sporadic attacks. Organisers such as
1308:
316:. However, the majority of the IRA was opposed to the treaty. The
285:, an organisation established on 25 November 1913 that staged the
5225:
4537:
3812:
3162:
1972:
The IRA leadership was deeply divided over the decision by the
1774:
In April 1921, the IRA was again reorganised, in line with the
3064:
The Squad: and the intelligence operations of Michael Collins
2762:
The Last Days of Dublin Castle: The Diaries of Mark Sturgis
2318:
2316:
2303:
2301:
2299:
1743:. Elsewhere, fighting was more sporadic and less intense.
1750:, the war had a character all of its own. The city had a
2055:
List of organisations known as the Irish Republican Army
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2785:. Montreal; Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press.
2567:
A New History of Ireland Volume VII: Ireland, 1921-84
337:
and achieving the Irish Republic proclaimed in 1916.
1672:
tactics. To this end the IRA was re-organised into "
500:
In practice, the IRA was commanded by Collins, with
425:), Volunteers commenced military action against the
5450:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Continuity IRA splinter group)
5196:
5115:
5090:
5026:
4924:
4915:
4792:
4723:
4575:
4500:
4412:
4259:
4022:
3976:
3950:
3846:
3785:
3739:
3511:
3474:
3331:
3305:
3196:
359:
was the nominal and titular commander of the IRA...
218:
152:
136:
124:
114:
104:
87:
77:
69:
34:
3104:. Boulder, Colo.; Niwot, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart.
2068:List of films featuring the Irish Republican Army
2684:Bartlett, Thomas; Jefferey, Keith, eds. (1997).
2169:"Mulcahy and Collins—a conjunction of opposites"
1958:became the preserve of anti-Treaty Republicans.
2842:Belfast's Unholy War: The Troubles of the 1920s
1888:The signed last page of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
5506:Institutions of the Irish Republic (1919–1922)
2946:. Dublin: The Educational Company of Ireland.
2605:The Republic: The Fight for Irish Independence
5460:Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)
5237:
4549:
3824:
3174:
2927:. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
2705:The Anglo-Irish War The Troubles of 1913-1922
2374:. Weapon. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 39.
2202:The Anglo-Irish War The Troubles of 1913-1922
1602:
991:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
461:, killing two RIC constables in the process.
8:
2196:
2194:
1976:to ratify the Treaty. Despite the fact that
375:'s highly prominent role in Dublin gave him
1919:and the British retention of the so-called
41:
5266:
5244:
5230:
5222:
4921:
4556:
4542:
4534:
3831:
3817:
3809:
3181:
3167:
3159:
1609:
1595:
554:
51:
31:
2944:Ireland, 1868–1966: History in the Making
2536:
2512:
2461:
2355:
551:Timeline of the Irish War of Independence
2548:
2146:by Piaras Béaslaí (Dublin, 1937), p. 141
2119:
1762:) and the burning of many homes – as on
1706:'s men killing 13 British soldiers near
2569:. Oxford University Press. p. 13.
2524:
2434:. Oxford University Press. p. 24.
2131:
2079:
562:
5417:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
2661:from the original on 23 September 2021
2494:from the original on 23 September 2021
2144:Michael Collins. Soldier and Statesman
2107:
2095:
1946:was then set up to review the border.
1851:occasion being used to break strikes.
1182:Irish People's Liberation Organisation
3313:Brigades of the Irish Republican Army
3147:Bureau of Military History, 1913-1921
2563:"I: From Treaty to Civil War, 1921-2"
1651:in parts of the country—allowing for
1432:Phoenix National and Literary Society
308:Following the signing in 1921 of the
7:
5412:South Armagh Republican Action Force
2641:Hopkinson, Michael (23 March 2010).
2343:
2322:
2307:
2290:
2278:
2266:
2254:
2242:
2230:
2218:
2179:from the original on 22 January 2021
1934:, Ireland was partitioned, creating
1911:declared in 1919, the status of the
1329:National Graves Association, Belfast
1261:South Armagh Republican Action Force
3153:Irish Volunteers History, 1913-1922
752:Dissident Irish republican campaign
4605:Physical force Irish republicanism
4394:Patrick McGrath (Irish republican)
3083:Ireland Since the Famine, Volume 1
1702:in West Cork in November 1920, or
25:
5501:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)
4518:Provisional Irish Republican Army
3859:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)
3840:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
3798:Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army
3190:Irish Republican Army (1919–1922)
2583:from the original on 11 June 2020
2043:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969)
1825:destruction of many stately homes
1823:The IRA was also involved in the
966:All Ireland Anti-Partition League
250:Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army
5516:Irish republican militant groups
5455:Irish Republican Liberation Army
4714:
4481:Communist Party of Great Britain
3024:. London; Chicago: Pluto Press.
2764:. Dublin: Irish Academic Press.
2622:from the original on 9 June 2020
1576:
1564:
1120:Irish Republican Liberation Army
1031:Irish Socialist Republican Party
928:Irish Republican Socialist Party
599:Armalite and ballot box strategy
572:
364:
349:
246:Pro-Treaty Irish Republican Army
204:
181:
169:
157:
92:
4612:Irish in the American Civil War
3772:National Association of Old IRA
3767:Irish Self-Determination League
2402:Solly, Meilan (4 August 2021).
2368:Pegler, M.; Dennis, P. (2011).
2204:, London: Osprey, 2006 page 28.
1789:In May 1921, the IRA in Dublin
1710:early in the next year. At the
1417:League of Communist Republicans
1289:Anti-Imperialist Action Ireland
1233:Republican Action Against Drugs
1064:Republican Socialist Collective
18:Irish Republican Army (1919–22)
5531:Anti-imperialist organizations
5407:Irish National Liberation Army
4523:Official Irish Republican Army
3994:Anti-Treaty Guerrilla Campaign
3268:Government of Ireland Act 1920
2925:The Secret Army : the IRA
2688:. Cambridge University Press.
2480:. Mercier Press. p. 160.
2477:Tom Barry: Ira Freedom Fighter
1968:IRA and the Anglo-Irish Treaty
1962:IRA and the Anglo-Irish Treaty
1932:Government of Ireland Act 1920
1284:32 County Sovereignty Movement
1142:Irish National Liberation Army
402:Director for Organisation and
390:, founded in 1913, staged the
64:during the War of Independence
1:
3922:Collaboration with the Abwehr
3001:Coogan, Tim Pat (1995–1996).
2844:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
2782:The Irish War of Independence
2686:A Military History of Ireland
545:IRA campaign and organisation
145:
140:
5292:Irish Republican Brotherhood
5180:The Irish People (newspaper)
4567:Irish Republican Brotherhood
4464:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann
3942:Officials-Provisionals split
3747:Irish Republican Brotherhood
2647:. Gill & Macmillan Ltd.
1422:Northern Resistance Movement
1339:Revolutionary Housing League
1203:Irish Republican Brotherhood
1006:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann
933:Republican Network for Unity
483:Irish Republican Brotherhood
289:in April 1916. In 1919, the
5427:Irish Revolutionary Brigade
4670:Declaration of Independence
4443:National Graves Association
3912:Irish republican legitimism
3229:Declaration of Independence
2840:Parkinson, Alan F. (2004).
2779:Hopkinson, Michael (2002).
2760:Hopkinson, Michael (1999).
2608:. Allen Lane. p. 394.
2602:Townshend, Charles (2013).
2561:Hopkinson, Michael (2010).
1334:National Graves Association
1021:Irish Anti-Partition League
619:Irish republican legitimism
210:Ulster Special Constabulary
5547:
5526:Anti-imperialism in Europe
5521:National liberation armies
5387:Irish Revolutionary Forces
5282:Society of United Irishmen
5205:Irish National Invincibles
5187:United Irishmen of America
5138:Emmet Monument Association
3122:Liam Lynch, the real chief
2800:Macardle, Dorothy (1968).
2025:
2014:) and the Chief-of-Staff (
1965:
1862:
1641:Dublin Metropolitan Police
1412:Irish Socialist Federation
1392:Emmet Monument Association
1256:Society of United Irishmen
1208:Irish Revolutionary Forces
1177:Irish National Invincibles
1079:Socialist Republican Party
1049:Northern Council for Unity
702:Irish revolutionary period
548:
537:
417:and the setting up of the
5475:Irish Republican Movement
5342:Irish War of Independence
5264:
5173:Irish Freedom (newspaper)
4776:Irish War of Independence
4712:
3258:Irish War of Independence
2859:Patterson, Henry (1989).
2745:10.1017/S0018246X98008176
1944:Irish Boundary Commission
1465:Guerrilla Days in Ireland
1149:(Real IRA splinter group)
1125:Irish Republican Movement
707:Irish War of Independence
540:Irish War of Independence
534:Irish War of Independence
495:Irish War of Independence
409:Following the success of
303:Irish War of Independence
228:
223:Irish War of Independence
50:
39:
27:Paramilitary organisation
5159:Friends of Irish Freedom
5106:Francis Frederick Millen
5003:Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa
4762:Fenian dynamite campaign
3526:J. J. "Ginger" O'Connell
3100:O'Malley, Ernie (1999).
2982:Coogan, Tim Pat (1990).
2961:Coogan, Tim Pat (1970).
2878:Younger, Calton (1968).
2703:Cottrell, Peter (2006).
2565:. In Hill, J. R. (ed.).
1802:Thompson submachine guns
1402:Friends of Irish Freedom
1044:National Corporate Party
1026:Irish Independence Party
742:1981 Irish hunger strike
687:Fenian dynamite campaign
427:Royal Irish Constabulary
421:(the legislature of the
415:general election of 1918
394:, which aimed at ending
187:Royal Irish Constabulary
143:100,000 enrolled by 1918
5511:Guerrilla organizations
4947:Edward O'Meagher Condon
4940:Ricard O'Sullivan Burke
4663:Hindu–German Conspiracy
4433:(1922–26 & 1938–69)
3318:Irish Republican Police
3125:. Cork: Mercier Press.
3066:. Cork: Mercier Press.
3062:Dwyer, T. Ryle (2005).
3039:Dwyer, T. Ryle (1998).
2923:Bell, J. Bower (1997).
1764:Belfast's Bloody Sunday
1314:Irish National Congress
1304:Connolly Youth Movement
1238:Republican Defence Army
1059:Republican Labour Party
1016:Independent Fianna Fáil
672:Young Ireland rebellion
667:Irish rebellion of 1803
657:Irish Rebellion of 1798
505:IRA commanders such as
457:, seized a quantity of
439:Third Tipperary Brigade
396:British rule in Ireland
4640:Irish Race Conventions
4448:Comhairle na Poblachta
3907:Comhairle na dTeachtaí
3882:in relation to the IRA
3661:George Oliver Plunkett
3149:at militaryarchives.ie
3081:Lyons, F.S.L. (2009).
3020:Dooley, Brian (1998).
2942:Collins, M. E (2005).
2825:. Gill and Macmillan.
2819:Milotte, Mike (1984).
2733:The Historical Journal
2712:Durney, James (2004).
2428:Leeson, D. M. (2011).
1889:
1407:Irish Republican Voice
1382:Comhairle na Poblachta
1195:Irish Republican Army
1187:Irish Republican Army
437:, when members of the
268:
73:IRA National Executive
42:
5369:Irish Republican Army
5349:Irish Republican Army
5276:Earlier organisations
5209:Phoenix Park killings
5166:Irish Republican Army
4933:Thomas Francis Bourke
4736:Clerkenwell explosion
3731:W.J. Brennan-Whitmore
3466:Belfast Bloody Sunday
2863:. Hutchinson Radius.
1915:as a dominion in the
1887:
1844:disastrously attacked
1842:in Dublin, which was
1500:The Hibernia Magazine
1485:Saoirse Irish Freedom
1366:Defunct Organisations
1036:Irish Workers' Group
747:Good Friday Agreement
717:1932 general election
697:1918 general election
279:Irish Republican Army
261:Irish Republican Army
35:Irish Republican Army
4487:Wolfe Tone Societies
4477:Connolly Association
3989:Battle of Kilmallock
3968:IRA Southern Command
3963:IRA Northern Command
3461:Coolacrease killings
3451:Carrowkennedy ambush
3446:Custom House burning
3371:Dublin Bloody Sunday
3366:Battle of Ballinalee
3273:Partition of Ireland
2882:. Frederick Muller.
2408:Smithsonian Magazine
2175:. 28 February 2013.
1917:British Commonwealth
1344:Wolfe Tone Societies
1299:Connolly Association
1278:Active Organisations
1147:Óglaigh na hÉireann
938:Republican Sinn Féin
835:Constance Markievicz
604:Dissident republican
433:. It began with the
5099:Thomas Miller Beach
4829:John O'Connor Power
4598:Irish republicanism
4508:Republican Congress
3937:Haughey arms crisis
3346:Rescue at Knocklong
3119:Ryan, Meda (1986).
2904:Barry, Tom (2010).
2880:Ireland's Civil War
2474:Ryan, Meda (2003).
2325:, pp. 217–218.
2310:, pp. 216–217.
2257:, pp. 211–212.
2158:, 8 September 1917.
1892:Negotiations on an
1791:attacked and burned
1717:Active Service Unit
1571:Politics portal
1495:The Gaelic American
1437:Troops Out Movement
1054:Republican Congress
1001:Cumann na Poblachta
565:Irish republicanism
558:Part of a series on
314:Irish National Army
270:Óglaigh na hÉireann
131:Irish republicanism
115:Active regions
43:Óglaigh na hÉireann
5438:Dissident Campaign
5325:Irish Citizen Army
5297:Fenian Brotherhood
5270:
5145:Fenian Brotherhood
5017:William R. Roberts
4989:Thomas Clarke Luby
4691:Anglo-Irish Treaty
4619:Manchester Martyrs
4472:Córas na Poblachta
4339:Tomás Ó Dubhghaill
4241:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh
3878:Anglo-Irish Treaty
3581:Gearóid O'Sullivan
3416:Selton Hill ambush
3391:Upton train ambush
3341:Soloheadbeg ambush
3287:Anglo-Irish Treaty
3214:Irish Citizen Army
3045:St. Martin's Press
2802:The Irish Republic
1894:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1890:
1870:David Lloyd George
1865:Anglo-Irish Treaty
1661:Auxiliary Division
1583:Ireland portal
1427:People's Democracy
1397:Fenian Brotherhood
1172:Irish Citizen Army
996:Córas na Poblachta
981:Clann na Poblachta
662:Acts of Union 1800
435:Soloheadbeg Ambush
310:Anglo-Irish Treaty
197:Auxiliary Division
79:Dates of operation
5488:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5219:
5218:
5086:
5085:
5056:Seán Mac Diarmada
4531:
4530:
4492:Clann na hÉireann
4468:
4460:
4452:
4434:
4359:Seán Mac Stíofáin
4324:Máirtín Ó Cadhain
4252:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4228:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh
4224:
4216:
4208:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4182:Willie McGuinness
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4044:
4036:
4009:Northern Campaign
4004:Sabotage Campaign
3864:British Partition
3806:
3805:
3531:Terence MacSwiney
3426:Crossbarry ambush
3401:Coolavokig ambush
3376:Kilmichael ambush
3085:. Fontana Press.
3054:978-0-312-21919-2
2967:. HarperCollins.
2654:978-0-7171-5819-5
2615:978-0-713-99983-9
2527:, pp. 56–57.
2515:, pp. 14–15.
2381:978-1-84908-150-4
1784:guerrilla warfare
1712:Crossbarry Ambush
1647:British declared
1619:
1618:
1551:
1543:
1530:The Starry Plough
1377:Clann na hÉireann
1246:
1198:
1190:
1150:
1039:
850:Ruairí Ó Brádaigh
845:Martin McGuinness
840:Bernadette Devlin
830:Terence MacSwiney
820:Seán Mac Stíofáin
614:Irish nationalism
257:
256:
241:Succeeded by
148:15,000 effectives
16:(Redirected from
5538:
5470:Arm na Poblachta
5330:Irish Volunteers
5267:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5223:
5212:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5133:
5126:
5108:
5101:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4922:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4864:Denis McCullough
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4815:J. F. X. O'Brien
4810:
4803:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4718:
4707:
4705:Irish Free State
4700:
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4570:
4568:
4558:
4551:
4544:
4535:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4432:
4389:Éamonn O'Doherty
4384:Peadar O'Donnell
4314:Seamus O'Donovan
4279:Erskine Childers
4250:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4094:Mick Fitzpatrick
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4042:
4034:
3984:Battle of Dublin
3958:IRA Army Council
3902:Munster Republic
3872:Southern Ireland
3868:Northern Ireland
3833:
3826:
3819:
3810:
3701:Peadar O'Donnell
3556:Erskine Childers
3504:
3496:
3488:
3456:Rathcoole ambush
3411:Clonbanin ambush
3297:Irish Free State
3281:Southern Ireland
3277:Northern Ireland
3209:Irish Volunteers
3183:
3176:
3169:
3160:
3136:
3115:
3096:
3077:
3058:
3035:
3016:
2997:
2978:
2957:
2938:
2919:
2893:
2874:
2855:
2836:
2815:
2796:
2775:
2756:
2727:
2708:
2699:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2305:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2222:
2216:
2205:
2200:Cottrell, Peter
2198:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2053:after 1922, see
2039:Irish Free State
1940:Southern Ireland
1936:Northern Ireland
1913:Irish Free State
1859:Truce and treaty
1840:the Custom House
1794:the Custom House
1760:McMahon killings
1624:Irish Volunteers
1611:
1604:
1597:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1550:(1948 newspaper)
1549:
1548:United Irishman
1542:(1848 newspaper)
1541:
1540:United Irishman
1535:The Sunday Press
1510:The Irish People
1349:Ógra Fianna Fáil
1244:
1213:Irish Volunteers
1196:
1188:
1148:
1100:Arm na Poblachta
1037:
976:Aontacht Éireann
860:Peadar O'Donnell
855:Dáithí Ó Conaill
594:Anti-imperialism
576:
566:
555:
388:Irish Volunteers
368:
353:
335:Northern Ireland
331:Irish Free State
283:Irish Volunteers
275:Irish republican
236:Irish Volunteers
232:Preceded by
219:Battles and wars
212:
208:
185:
175:
173:
172:
162:
161:
160:
147:
142:
97:
96:
95:
80:
55:
46:
45:
32:
21:
5546:
5545:
5541:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5491:
5490:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5431:
5397:Provisional IRA
5373:
5361:Irish Civil War
5306:
5260:
5250:
5220:
5215:
5203:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5129:
5122:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5082:
5077:Joseph Plunkett
5075:
5068:
5061:
5054:
5047:
5040:
5033:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4917:
4911:
4906:Richard Mulcahy
4904:
4899:Michael Collins
4897:
4892:Patrick Moylett
4890:
4883:
4876:
4869:
4862:
4855:
4850:John Mulholland
4848:
4841:
4834:
4827:
4822:Charles Kickham
4820:
4813:
4808:Thomas J. Kelly
4806:
4799:
4788:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4746:
4730:
4719:
4710:
4703:
4698:Irish Civil War
4696:
4689:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4652:
4645:
4638:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4532:
4527:
4496:
4408:
4349:Fergal O'Hanlon
4289:Richard Barrett
4284:Michael Carolan
4255:
4248:Cathal Goulding
4220:John Joe McGirl
4174:Patrick Fleming
4126:Seán Harrington
4024:Chiefs of Staff
4018:
4014:Border Campaign
3972:
3946:
3888:Irish Civil War
3842:
3837:
3807:
3802:
3781:
3735:
3721:Richard Barrett
3656:Tom McEllistrim
3626:Séumas Robinson
3571:Michael Brennan
3521:Michael Collins
3507:
3502:
3494:
3492:Richard Mulcahy
3486:
3476:Chiefs of Staff
3470:
3441:Kilmeena ambush
3436:Scramoge ambush
3431:Headford ambush
3406:Sheemore ambush
3396:Clonmult ambush
3386:Dromkeen ambush
3351:Listowel mutiny
3327:
3301:
3292:Irish Civil War
3192:
3187:
3143:
3133:
3118:
3112:
3099:
3093:
3080:
3074:
3061:
3055:
3038:
3032:
3019:
3013:
3000:
2994:
2984:Michael Collins
2981:
2975:
2960:
2954:
2941:
2935:
2922:
2916:
2908:. Anvil Books.
2903:
2900:
2898:Further reading
2890:
2877:
2871:
2858:
2852:
2839:
2833:
2818:
2812:
2799:
2793:
2778:
2772:
2759:
2730:
2724:
2711:
2702:
2696:
2683:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2616:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2577:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2523:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2495:
2488:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2329:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2297:
2289:
2285:
2277:
2273:
2265:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2229:
2225:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2173:History Ireland
2167:
2166:
2162:
2156:Hull Daily Mail
2154:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2110:, pp. 7–8.
2106:
2102:
2094:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2064:
2030:
2028:Irish Civil War
2024:
2012:Richard Mulcahy
1978:Michael Collins
1970:
1964:
1925:Irish Civil War
1902:Michael Collins
1898:Arthur Griffith
1867:
1861:
1725:County Longford
1615:
1577:
1575:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1515:The Irish Press
1505:The Irish Felon
1480:Republican News
1450:
1442:
1441:
1387:Dungannon Clubs
1367:
1359:
1358:
1354:Ógra Shinn Féin
1279:
1271:
1270:
1223:Provisional IRA
1162:Connolly Column
1110:Cumann na mBan
1092:
1091:Militant groups
1084:
1083:
961:
960:Defunct parties
953:
952:
908:
900:
899:
815:Thomas J. Kelly
810:Cathal Goulding
800:Éamon de Valera
795:Seamus Costello
765:
757:
756:
727:Border Campaign
712:Irish Civil War
652:
644:
643:
584:
564:
553:
547:
542:
536:
502:Richard Mulcahy
491:Arthur Griffith
481:Council of the
443:Séumas Robinson
400:Michael Collins
384:
383:
382:
381:
380:
373:Michael Collins
369:
361:
360:
354:
343:
326:Free State Army
318:anti-treaty IRA
253:
252:
243:
238:
234:
203:
170:
168:
158:
156:
144:
93:
91:
78:
65:
40:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5544:
5542:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5493:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5434:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5422:Continuity IRA
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5357:
5356:
5353:Irish Republic
5338:
5337:
5335:Cumann na mBan
5332:
5327:
5322:
5320:Fianna Éireann
5309:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5273:
5271:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5226:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5169:
5162:
5155:
5152:Fianna Éireann
5148:
5141:
5134:
5131:Cumann na mBan
5127:
5119:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5102:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5073:
5070:Patrick Pearse
5066:
5063:Diarmuid Lynch
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4982:Michael Doheny
4978:
4971:
4964:
4961:Michael Davitt
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4928:
4926:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4881:
4874:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4801:James Stephens
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4751:
4748:Catalpa rescue
4744:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4680:
4677:Irish Republic
4673:
4666:
4659:
4650:
4647:Obstructionism
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4572:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4538:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4474:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4427:
4425:Fianna Éireann
4422:
4420:Cumann na mBan
4416:
4414:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4406:
4404:Tarlach Ó hUid
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4299:Ernie O'Malley
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4158:Charlie Kerins
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4045:
4037:
4028:
4026:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3999:Christmas Raid
3996:
3991:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3885:
3875:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3813:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3777:1916–1921 Club
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3757:Fianna Éireann
3754:
3752:Cumann na mBan
3749:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3716:Joseph McGrath
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Ernie O'Malley
3673:
3671:Michael Kilroy
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3646:Seán O'Hegarty
3643:
3641:Charlie Hurley
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3596:Seán Mac Mahon
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3551:Piaras Béaslaí
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3480:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3421:Burgery ambush
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3381:Clonfin ambush
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3361:Tooreen ambush
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3309:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Irish Bulletin
3250:
3236:
3234:Irish Republic
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3150:
3142:
3141:External links
3139:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3116:
3110:
3097:
3091:
3078:
3072:
3059:
3053:
3036:
3030:
3017:
3011:
2998:
2992:
2986:. Hutchinson.
2979:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2939:
2933:
2920:
2914:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2889:978-0584101379
2888:
2875:
2869:
2856:
2850:
2837:
2831:
2816:
2810:
2797:
2791:
2776:
2771:978-0716526261
2770:
2757:
2739:(1): 207–231.
2728:
2722:
2716:. Gaul House.
2709:
2700:
2694:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2653:
2633:
2614:
2594:
2575:
2553:
2551:, p. 406.
2541:
2539:, p. 204.
2537:Hopkinson 2002
2529:
2517:
2513:Patterson 1989
2505:
2486:
2466:
2464:, p. 176.
2462:Hopkinson 1999
2454:
2441:978-0191618918
2440:
2420:
2394:
2380:
2360:
2356:Parkinson 2004
2348:
2346:, p. 218.
2327:
2312:
2295:
2293:, p. 216.
2283:
2281:, p. 227.
2271:
2269:, p. 226.
2259:
2247:
2245:, p. 212.
2235:
2233:, p. 210.
2223:
2221:, p. 209.
2206:
2190:
2160:
2148:
2136:
2134:, p. 103.
2124:
2122:, p. 267.
2112:
2100:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2026:Main article:
2023:
2020:
1993:Ernie O'Malley
1989:Irish Republic
1966:Main article:
1963:
1960:
1956:united Ireland
1909:Irish Republic
1879:Nevil Macready
1863:Main article:
1860:
1857:
1833:United Kingdom
1814:Black and Tans
1674:flying columns
1657:Black and Tans
1628:Ernie O'Malley
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1192:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1115:Fianna Éireann
1112:
1107:
1105:Continuity IRA
1102:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
907:Active parties
906:
905:
902:
901:
898:
897:
892:
887:
885:James Stephens
882:
877:
872:
870:Patrick Pearse
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:James Connolly
787:
782:
777:
772:
766:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
650:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
639:United Ireland
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
585:
582:
581:
578:
577:
569:
568:
560:
559:
546:
543:
538:Main article:
535:
532:
423:Irish Republic
370:
363:
362:
355:
348:
347:
346:
345:
344:
342:
339:
291:Irish Republic
255:
254:
239:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
214:
213:
201:
200:
199:
194:
192:Black and Tans
179:
164:United Kingdom
154:
150:
149:
138:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
99:Irish Republic
89:
85:
84:
81:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
56:
48:
47:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5543:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5433:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5363:
5362:
5354:
5351:(Army of the
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5313:Easter Rising
5308:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5287:Young Ireland
5285:
5283:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5272:
5269:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5247:
5242:
5240:
5235:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5224:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5089:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5049:Bulmer Hobson
5046:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5035:Éamonn Ceannt
5032:
5031:
5029:
5025:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4996:John O'Mahony
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4968:Timothy Deasy
4965:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4889:
4886:
4882:
4879:
4875:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4857:Seamus Deakin
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4780:
4777:
4773:
4770:
4769:Easter Rising
4766:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4732:Fenian Rising
4729:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4717:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:New Departure
4630:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4588:
4585:
4584:Young Ireland
4581:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4547:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4536:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4411:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4354:Manus Canning
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4334:Dominic Behan
4332:
4330:
4329:Brendan Behan
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Paddy McLogan
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Cathal Brugha
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4261:Personalities
4258:
4249:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4229:
4226:
4221:
4218:
4213:
4210:
4204:
4199:
4198:Richard Burke
4196:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4180:
4175:
4172:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4156:
4151:
4148:
4143:
4140:
4135:
4132:
4127:
4124:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4110:Stephen Hayes
4108:
4103:
4100:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4079:
4078:Seán MacBride
4076:
4071:
4068:
4063:
4062:Andrew Cooney
4060:
4055:
4052:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Plan Kathleen
3930:
3928:
3927:The Emergency
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3917:Abstentionism
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3793:National Army
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3666:George Lennon
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3636:Seán Mac Eoin
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3606:Andrew Cooney
3604:
3602:
3601:Stephen Behan
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3513:Personalities
3510:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3484:Cathal Brugha
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:Rineen ambush
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:Flying column
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Easter Rising
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3184:
3179:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3132:9780853427643
3128:
3124:
3123:
3117:
3113:
3111:9781570982774
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3092:9780007330058
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3073:9781856354691
3069:
3065:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2959:
2955:
2953:9780861673056
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2915:9780947962340
2911:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2870:0-09-174139-4
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2851:9781851827923
2847:
2843:
2838:
2834:
2832:9780841909700
2828:
2824:
2823:
2817:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2792:9780773524989
2788:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2723:9780954918071
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2695:9780521629898
2691:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2637:
2634:
2621:
2617:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2576:9780191615597
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2549:Bartlett 1997
2545:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2493:
2489:
2487:9781856354806
2483:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2458:
2455:
2443:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2424:
2421:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2395:
2383:
2377:
2373:
2372:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:Macardle 1968
2116:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2004:Rory O'Connor
2002:On 22 March,
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1983:
1982:rank-and-file
1979:
1975:
1969:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1737:Carrowkennedy
1734:
1730:
1729:Seán Mac Eoin
1726:
1722:
1721:Oscar Traynor
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1698:'s column at
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:Bloody Sunday
1677:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:Brendan Behan
1634:
1629:
1625:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:Irish Freedom
1473:
1471:
1470:IRIS Magazine
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Evening Press
1458:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1266:Young Ireland
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:Irish Brigade
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
986:Clann Éireann
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
963:
957:
956:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
904:
903:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
865:John O'Mahony
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:Seán MacBride
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
775:Cathal Brugha
773:
771:
768:
767:
761:
760:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
692:Easter Rising
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
677:Fenian Rising
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
648:
647:
640:
637:
635:
634:Republicanism
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:New Departure
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
589:Abstentionism
587:
586:
580:
579:
575:
571:
570:
567:
561:
557:
556:
552:
544:
541:
533:
531:
527:
524:
523:Gaelic League
518:
517:in Longford.
516:
515:Seán Mac Eoin
512:
508:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
478:
476:
472:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
404:Cathal Brugha
401:
397:
393:
392:Easter Rising
389:
378:
374:
367:
358:
357:Cathal Brugha
352:
340:
338:
336:
332:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Easter Rising
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:
266:
262:
251:
247:
242:
237:
233:
227:
224:
221:
217:
211:
207:
202:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
188:
184:
180:
178:
167:
166:
165:
155:
151:
139:
135:
132:
129:
127:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
100:
90:
86:
82:
76:
72:
68:
63:
62:flying column
60:
54:
49:
44:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5436:
5435:
5402:Official IRA
5380:The Troubles
5378:
5377:
5367:Anti-treaty
5359:
5358:
5348:
5340:
5339:
5311:
5310:
5302:Clan na Gael
5275:
5274:
5124:Clan na Gael
5027:20th century
4925:19th century
4885:Harry Boland
4878:Seán McGarry
4843:Neal O'Boyle
4836:John O'Leary
4740:Fenian raids
4653:
4438:Clan na Gael
4274:Liam Mellows
4235:Seán Cronin
4150:Hugh McAteer
4142:Eoin McNamee
4118:Pearse Kelly
4102:Seán Russell
4040:Joe McKelvey
3951:Organisation
3858:
3762:Clan na Gael
3566:Joe McKelvey
3561:Liam Mellows
3536:Emmet Dalton
3500:Eoin O'Duffy
3306:Organisation
3239:Dáil Éireann
3189:
3121:
3101:
3082:
3063:
3040:
3021:
3003:The Troubles
3002:
2983:
2963:
2943:
2924:
2905:
2879:
2860:
2841:
2821:
2801:
2781:
2761:
2736:
2732:
2713:
2704:
2685:
2678:Bibliography
2663:. Retrieved
2643:
2636:
2624:. Retrieved
2604:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2566:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2525:Milotte 1984
2520:
2508:
2496:. Retrieved
2476:
2469:
2457:
2445:. Retrieved
2430:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:
2397:
2385:. Retrieved
2370:
2363:
2358:, p. ?.
2351:
2286:
2274:
2262:
2250:
2238:
2226:
2201:
2181:. Retrieved
2172:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2132:Younger 1968
2127:
2115:
2103:
2098:, p. 8.
2091:
2082:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2031:
2016:Eoin O'Duffy
2009:
2001:
1986:
1971:
1948:
1929:
1921:Treaty Ports
1906:
1891:
1868:
1853:
1849:
1837:
1822:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1788:
1773:
1745:
1689:
1678:
1665:British Army
1645:
1620:
1455:An Phoblacht
1372:Clan na Gael
1218:Official IRA
1186:
1155:
1154:
1135:
1134:
1094:
1011:Fianna Uladh
971:Anti H-Block
875:Seán Russell
805:Robert Emmet
732:The Troubles
682:Fenian raids
528:
519:
513:in Cork and
499:
487:Teachta Dála
479:
465:
463:
431:British Army
408:
385:
376:
324:against the
307:
295:Dáil Éireann
260:
258:
240:
231:
177:British Army
105:Headquarters
29:
5197:Derivatives
4871:Thomas Ashe
4783:Army Mutiny
4501:Derivatives
4399:Billy McKee
4304:Tom Maguire
4294:Hugh Corvin
4212:Seán Cronin
4205:Tony Magan
4166:Harry White
4134:Seán McCool
4070:Moss Twomey
4054:Frank Aiken
4047:Liam Lynch
3786:Derivatives
3726:Louis Darcy
3686:Moss Twomey
3681:Frank Aiken
3651:Seán Moylan
3611:Seán Treacy
3591:Seán Lemass
3586:Tom Maguire
3576:Frank Aiken
3495:(1918–1922)
3487:(1917–1918)
3247:Second Dáil
2665:28 November
2183:12 February
2108:Durney 2004
2096:Durney 2004
2035:Frank Aiken
1741:Tourmakeady
1663:, and more
1649:martial law
1525:The Phoenix
1245:(1967–1975)
1197:(1922–1969)
1189:(1919–1922)
923:Fianna Fáil
895:Moss Twomey
880:Bobby Sands
780:Neil Blaney
770:Gerry Adams
737:Arms Crisis
447:Seán Treacy
244:Split into
5495:Categories
5256:groups in
5254:Republican
5116:Associates
5091:Informants
5042:Tom Clarke
4975:John Devoy
4916:Prominent
4793:Presidents
4655:Fenian Ram
4513:Saor Uladh
4413:Associates
4374:Liam Kelly
4369:Joe McCann
4364:Joe Cahill
4344:Seán South
4319:Frank Ryan
4190:Tony Magan
4032:Liam Lynch
3896:Executions
3740:Associates
3711:Liam Tobin
3706:Liam Deasy
3696:Seán Hales
3621:Seán Hogan
3546:Paddy Daly
3541:Dick McKee
3243:First Dáil
3031:0745312950
3012:1570980926
2993:0091741068
2974:0006531555
2934:1560009012
2811:055207862X
2413:28 October
2074:References
1997:Liam Forde
1930:Under the
1752:Protestant
1733:Ballinalee
1727:IRA under
1708:Millstreet
1704:Liam Lynch
1700:Kilmicheal
1685:Croke Park
1653:internment
1520:The Nation
1251:Saor Uladh
1243:Saor Éire
890:Wolfe Tone
785:Tom Clarke
629:Radicalism
549:See also:
511:Liam Lynch
455:Seán Hogan
419:First Dáil
88:Allegiance
59:Seán Hogan
5392:Saor Éire
5010:Pat Nally
4954:John Daly
4684:Sinn Féin
4626:Cuba Five
4591:Fenianism
4467:(1936–37)
4456:Saor Éire
4451:(1929–31)
4430:Sinn Féin
4379:Tom Hales
4251:(1962–69)
4243:(1960–62)
4237:(1959–60)
4231:(1958–59)
4215:(1957–58)
4193:(1948–57)
4185:(1947–48)
4177:(1945–47)
4169:(1944–45)
4161:(1942–44)
4129:(1941–42)
4113:(1940–41)
4105:(1938–40)
4097:(1937–38)
4089:(1936–37)
4086:Tom Barry
4073:(1926–36)
4065:(1925–26)
4057:(1923–25)
4049:(1922–23)
3854:Genealogy
3691:Tom Hales
3631:Tom Barry
3616:Dan Breen
3323:The Squad
3224:Sinn Féin
3204:Genealogy
3005:. Arrow.
2964:The I.R.A
2804:. Corgi.
2753:159829143
2707:. Osprey.
2344:Hart 1999
2323:Hart 1999
2308:Hart 1999
2291:Hart 1999
2279:Hart 1999
2267:Hart 1999
2255:Hart 1999
2243:Hart 1999
2231:Hart 1999
2219:Hart 1999
2022:Civil War
1951:Partition
1780:Divisions
1768:loyalists
1719:", under
1696:Tom Barry
1490:Sinn Féin
1069:Saor Éire
948:Sinn Féin
507:Tom Barry
475:Tipperary
459:gelignite
451:Dan Breen
411:Sinn Féin
322:civil war
320:fought a
299:guerrilla
273:) was an
153:Opponents
83:1919–1922
5445:Real IRA
4755:Land War
3892:Timeline
2659:Archived
2620:Archived
2581:Archived
2492:Archived
2387:9 August
2177:Archived
2062:See also
1818:George V
1756:unionist
1228:Real IRA
1136:Inactive
609:Éire Nua
583:Concepts
377:de facto
126:Ideology
5465:New IRA
5258:Ireland
4918:members
4724:Actions
4576:General
3977:Attacks
3847:General
3333:Actions
3197:General
3155:at IVCO
2498:12 June
2447:12 June
1874:Belfast
1829:Munster
1748:Belfast
1692:Munster
1294:Cabhair
1156:Defunct
1130:New IRA
943:Saoradh
651:History
441:led by
413:in the
379:control
371:...but
341:Origins
119:Ireland
70:Leaders
5252:Armed
4459:(1931)
4223:(1958)
4207:(1957)
4201:(1957)
4153:(1942)
4145:(1942)
4137:(1942)
4121:(1941)
4081:(1936)
4043:(1922)
4035:(1922)
3894:&
3870:&
3503:(1922)
3279:&
3245:&
3129:
3108:
3089:
3070:
3051:
3028:
3009:
2990:
2971:
2950:
2931:
2912:
2886:
2867:
2848:
2829:
2808:
2789:
2768:
2751:
2720:
2692:
2651:
2626:9 June
2612:
2587:9 June
2573:
2484:
2438:
2378:
1670:ambush
1324:NORAID
1319:IRSCNA
1095:Active
1038:(1976)
918:Éirígí
764:People
722:S-Plan
263:(IRA;
174:
109:Dublin
2749:S2CID
1633:Squad
1449:Media
1309:IRPWA
1074:SLISO
913:Aontú
471:Clare
466:their
265:Irish
4738:and
3127:ISBN
3106:ISBN
3087:ISBN
3068:ISBN
3049:ISBN
3026:ISBN
3007:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2969:ISBN
2948:ISBN
2929:ISBN
2910:ISBN
2884:ISBN
2865:ISBN
2846:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2806:ISBN
2787:ISBN
2766:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2667:2020
2649:ISBN
2628:2020
2610:ISBN
2589:2020
2571:ISBN
2500:2019
2482:ISBN
2449:2019
2436:ISBN
2415:2022
2389:2024
2376:ISBN
2185:2021
1974:Dáil
1938:and
1900:and
1776:Dáil
1754:and
1739:and
1659:and
473:and
453:and
386:The
333:and
259:The
248:and
137:Size
57:The
2741:doi
2051:IRA
1827:in
1746:In
5497::
3047:.
3043:.
2747:.
2737:42
2735:.
2657:.
2618:.
2579:.
2490:.
2406:.
2330:^
2315:^
2298:^
2209:^
2193:^
2171:.
2058:.
2045:.
1927:.
1904:.
1786:.
509:,
497:.
449:,
445:,
305:.
267::
146:c.
141:c.
5355:)
5245:e
5238:t
5231:v
5211:)
5207:(
4742:)
4734:(
4557:e
4550:t
4543:v
4483:)
4479:(
3898:)
3890:(
3884:)
3880:(
3874:)
3866:(
3832:e
3825:t
3818:v
3283:)
3275:(
3249:)
3241:(
3182:e
3175:t
3168:v
3135:.
3114:.
3095:.
3076:.
3057:.
3034:.
3015:.
2996:.
2977:.
2956:.
2937:.
2918:.
2892:.
2873:.
2854:.
2835:.
2814:.
2795:.
2774:.
2755:.
2743::
2726:.
2698:.
2669:.
2630:.
2591:.
2502:.
2451:.
2417:.
2391:.
2187:.
1812:"
1715:"
1631:"
1610:e
1603:t
1596:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
