466:
449:. Despite the prominence of many influential Southern Unionists in the party, Ulster remained the core of the IUA's support base. Ulster unionism was linked strongly to the former Conservatives, with their strong Orange Order links, rather than to the former Liberals, who had made some effort to encourage cross-denominational support for their unionist stance. The strength of the northern unionist wing played a vital role in the shift of power in the pro-union movement to Conservative and Orange elements. While the link between the Orange lodges and the new Unionist associations did introduce a populist, democratic element into unionist politics, it also served to reinforce the sectarian nature of unionism in the north. In 1905, this particular brand of unionism within the IUA led to the establishment of the
375:
1117:. Many Ulster Unionists were also drawn from the province's prosperous middle class, who had benefited greatly from heavy industrialisation in the region. As such, many in Northern Ireland supported unionism due to the industrial growth of Belfast after 1850, which depended on the economic integrity of the Union. The Protestant religious composition and concentration, motivation and ethos of the Ulster Unionists made its wing of the IUA distinct from unionists in the south, and a fear of
453:(UUC). Although Ulster Unionists were still within the broader framework of the Irish Unionist Alliance, the Ulster party began to develop its own distinct organisational structures and political goals. From 1907, the IUA's political activity was organised by the Joint Committee of the Unionist Associations of Ireland (JCUAI). This body sought to coordinate the IUA's election and lobbying activity, whilst recognising the distinct differences between the northern and southern parties.
46:
1062:. As a group, Southern Unionist landowners were richer than their fellow Irishmen by about £90 million by 1914, which would either stay in the Irish economy, given a favourable political arrangement, or leave if the outcome appeared too uncertain or too radical. This temporarily gave them a voice far beyond their number in the Irish electorate. Some of the more progressive supporters of the IUA attempted to introduce a moderate form of devolution through the
707:
934:
502:, to complain that southern concerns were being ignored. Several large unionist demonstrations took place in Dublin in early 1914, in which protesters complained as much about the Ulster Unionists as the Irish nationalists. Despite these internal difficulties, between September 1911 and July 1914 the Joint Committee of the Unionist Associations of Ireland continued its campaign across the
973:, a gentleman's club in Dublin. The electoral support base of the IUA in southern Ireland was largely drawn from its Protestant population, many of whom were farmers, small business owners or Church of Ireland clergymen. In 1913, the IUA had a southern core of 683 members, with approximately 300,000 supporters spread across the three southern provinces. In March 1919
457:
in the hands of
Southern Unionists. This led to the unionist movement gradually becoming 'Ulsterised' from 1910, which marginalised many more moderate unionists in the south. Even so, in 1913, as the Third Home Rule Bill passed through Parliament, the Alliance appears to have become increasingly popular in the south and records show an increase in membership.
1086:
order to resist Home Rule or partition, and were generally placid in their politics. Lord
Midleton described Southern Unionists as "lacking political insight and cohesion" and "restricting themselves to the easy task of attending meetings in Dublin". In discussing problems of civic morality in 2011 in the Republic of Ireland, former
678:. From 1921 to 1991 the proportion of Southern Irish Protestants declined from 10% to 3% of the population; these had provided the bulk of the IUA's support base. Unionists continued to have a majority on Rathmines Council until 1929, when the IUA's successors lost their last elected representatives in the Irish Free State.
402:, eighty-six peers affiliated themselves with the Irish Unionist Alliance. This high level of support reflected the strong unionist sentiment within Ireland's landed class. Unionists in the Lords proved to be instrumental in defeating attempts by the Liberals to introduce Home Rule legislation. In the
1085:
Southern
Unionists are regarded as having been considerably less confrontational than their Ulster neighbours. They were always in the minority in southern Ireland, and many had close personal connections with figures in nationalist politics. As a group, they never threatened or organised violence in
456:
The prominence of the Ulster
Unionist Council quickly grew thanks to the strong unionist sentiment in Ulster. From 1910, it became the dominant force and focus of resistance in the Irish unionist community. The JCUAI was effectively controlled by Ulstermen, while the IUA's leadership remained largely
548:
unionists began to openly disagree. At a meeting of the party on
Molesworth Street, Dublin, on 24 January 1919, Lord Midleton proposed a motion to the party which would have denied Ulster Unionists a say on government proposals affecting the south of Ireland. The motion was defeated, with a majority
977:
told the House of
Commons that the supporting population was "about 350,000". The IUA never achieved "mass party" status in the south. Its local branches varied in strength, and generally followed geographic patterns of Protestant population density. As a result, the IUA's support base was severely
918:
Note: Results from
Ireland for the UK general elections contested by the Irish Unionist Alliance. These figures do not include MPs elected for the Liberal Unionists, who were officially a separate party. IUA MPs sat with the Liberal Unionists and Conservatives at Westminster, and were often simply
420:
Despite early hopes among some unionists that the IUA would expand the unionist presence across
Ireland, the party failed to make any major electoral gains in the six subsequent general elections. In the south of Ireland, the IUA consistently won only the double seat representing the graduates of
473:
By 1914, the conflict of interest between the unionists in southern
Ireland and those in Ulster was wracking the IUA. It was known that the passage of a Home Rule Bill for Ireland was becoming increasingly likely, and as a result many Southern Unionists began to seek a political compromise which
436:
In Ulster, the IUA built upon solid unionist electoral foundations and became the dominant political force in much of the province. In the north and east of Ulster, unionists consistently won seats, often unopposed. In the three counties of Ulster which would later become part of the
1167:, a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was most active in attempting to create an all-Ireland unionist movement. Towards the end of the party's existence, leadership became fractured between the northern and southern unionist movements within the alliance.
417:, the IUA sent 278 workers to British constituencies to assist the Conservative candidates, distributing almost three million leaflets across England. It was during that this time that a large number of Conservative MPs married into Irish Southern Unionist families.
474:
would see their interests protected. Many unionists in the south became strongly opposed to any plan to partition the island, as they knew that it would leave them isolated from the unionist-majority areas. Several prominent
Southern Unionists, such as
549:
of both southern and northern unionists rejecting the plan. Ulster Unionists believed that the motion would have the effect of dividing the unionist cause. The party split anyway, with Lord Midleton and senior southern leaders forming the break-away
349:
basis. The party's founders hoped that this would coordinate the electoral and lobbying activities of unionists across Ireland. Prior to 1891, unionists had seen considerable electoral losses across southern Ireland at the hands of the pro-Home Rule
663:(1922–23) because of his involvement in the Irish Senate. The IUA helped form the Southern Irish Loyalist Relief Association to assist war refugees and claim compensation for damage to property. From 1921 IUA voters began to support the mainstream
273:. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and its members were often described as 'Conservatives' or 'Conservative Unionists', even though much of its support came from former Liberal voters. Among its most prominent members were the
1123:(the worry about a Catholic-controlled Irish parliament) dominated the political discourse. These factors made Ulster Unionists noticeably more confrontational and violent in their political rhetoric and action. In the tense period between the
694:(UUP; previously known as the Ulster Unionist Council) continued to dominate domestic politics. The party would hold its powerful position in the unionist community for much of the rest of the twentieth century, until the rise of the
354:, founded a decade earlier. It was deemed necessary for southern and northern supporters of the Union to more formally unite their efforts. At this stage, the majority of unionists in all parts of Ireland were opposed to the
1055:. They were concerned that a new home rule state might create new taxes between them and their markets in Britain and the Empire, that would add to their costs and probably reduce sales and therefore employment.
3354:
1159:
The Irish Unionist Alliance had no formal method of electing and deposing of its leadership, and leaders of the IUA were more informally 'acknowledged' by other prominent figures. The party's first leader was
1811:
656:
618:
became more likely, Southern Unionists (those unionists outside of nine-county Ulster) formed numerous political movements in an attempt to find a solution to the "Irish Question". Among these were the
433:
in 1900. In local elections, the party maintained a geographically broader representation, although failed to win many new voters. Unlike in Ulster, the anti-Home Rulers were a scattered minority.
941:
The leadership of southern unionism was dominated by wealthy, well-educated men who wanted to live in Ireland, felt British and Irish, and who had Irish roots. Many were members of the privileged
627:. As such, the southern rump of the IUA became increasingly fractured and in 1922 it lost its reason to exist with the establishment of the Irish Free State. Leading unionist figures, such as
300:
proving to be particularly divisive. Many unionists outside Ulster became resigned to the political necessity of Home Rule, while unionists in Ulster established a separate organisation, the
632:
3277:
3142:
3028:
2944:
864:
414:
2924:
839:
465:
482:, became convinced that a degree of home rule was going to be necessary if Ireland was to avoid partition and remain in the Union. Others, such as the anti-partition party leader
2698:
553:
that same day. Many ordinary members of the southern IUA (Protestant farmers, shopkeepers and clergymen) initially stayed with the remaining rump of the IUA in the south, led by
490:
in 1920), resented the growing dominance of Ulstermen in the party. Lord Midleton and his supporters feared that the Ulster wing of the party (now more formally organised as the
2306:
3137:
3359:
3334:
479:
2189:
3389:
3364:
981:
Although their numbers were small, a considerable amount of industry in Southern Ireland had been developed indigenously by Southern Unionist supporters. These included
1981:
3369:
2741:
1908:
Barberis, Peter, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley, 2005. Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organisations. London: Continuum International Publishing Group.
814:
787:
761:
736:
506:. In this period, the IUA distributed an estimated six million pamphlets and booklets throughout Britain, canvassed 1.5 million voters and arranged 8,800 meetings.
403:
391:
1684:
3379:
3308:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3349:
541:
1661:
494:) would abandon the south in order to gain a favourable settlement for the north from the British government. In October 1913, the vice-chairman of the IUA,
2818:
442:
430:
239:
374:
3384:
3344:
1217:
1196:
1058:
Many Southern Unionist landowners had inherited large estates. From 1903, many of these were persuaded to sell land to their tenant farmers under the
446:
3329:
3096:
3071:
2972:
2793:
2426:
2184:
1635:
187:
3374:
2120:
1588:
966:
3303:
2635:
1251:
1018:
974:
720:
628:
483:
394:
the party won 20.6% of the Irish vote and 21 seats. In 1893, the party achieved a major success when it joined the Conservatives to defeat the
387:
247:
469:
The 1918 general election result in Ireland, showing the clear dominance of the IUA in Ulster, relative to its weakness in the rest of Ireland
337:
in the three southern provinces on a common platform of maintenance of the union. The IUA united this movement with unionists in the northern
2194:
1945:
1921:
1737:
962:
2952:
2760:
2708:
2703:
2291:
1974:
182:
648:
1786:
3282:
3244:
2957:
2783:
2734:
2693:
2651:
2454:
1093:
remarked that before 1922: "In Ireland a strong civic sense did exist – but mainly amongst Protestants and especially Anglicans".
540:
on the other. Despite this, the Alliance won its largest number of seats, with the IUA candidate managing to win a surprise victory in
3255:
3230:
2967:
1261:
554:
63:
3272:
2620:
2343:
2249:
2244:
1913:
1535:
1010:
636:
2534:
2219:
949:, and had close personal connections to the aristocracy in Britain. This led to their pejorative description by some opponents as "
2311:
2234:
2146:
2077:
1238:
1059:
978:
limited to certain sections of the population, described as usually being "Protestant, anglicised, propertied and aristocratic".
422:
2676:
2496:
2476:
2373:
2296:
2259:
2151:
2115:
1967:
1843:
675:
326:
231:
114:
1113:
than in the south. Although often led by aristocrats, the IUA attracted high levels of support in some of the poorer areas of
2773:
2727:
2582:
2411:
2393:
2301:
1484:
G. K. Peatling, ‘The last defence of the Union? The Round Table and Ireland, 1910–1925’, in Andrea Bosco and Alex May, eds.,
1211:
591:
569:
565:
550:
305:
2209:
1783:
2992:
2874:
2625:
2506:
1124:
3339:
2615:
2524:
1681:
1135:", raising the spectre of civil war. The volunteer force was created by the then-leader of the Irish Unionist Alliance,
578:, said to be the "voice of Southern Unionists", realised that the 1920 Act would not work and argued from late 1920 for
131:
2656:
2383:
2037:
889:
671:
526:
2600:
2449:
3298:
3051:
2987:
2934:
2888:
2539:
2378:
1140:
607:
395:
270:
254:
affiliated themselves with the Irish Unionist Alliance, although its broader membership among Irish voters outside
3007:
2919:
2914:
2572:
2567:
2286:
2062:
2052:
1293:
695:
624:
545:
514:
351:
308:, effectively signalling the death of institutional unionism in most of Ireland. The UUP continued to operate in
2549:
1617:
345:, where unionist sentiment and support was strongest. As such, the new party sought to represent unionism on an
2833:
2666:
2630:
2529:
2416:
2388:
2254:
2105:
2072:
2010:
1161:
1063:
355:
334:
227:
110:
602:
The split effectively ended the realistic electoral chances of the Irish Unionist Alliance in what became the
3076:
3238:
2768:
2214:
2204:
2047:
1812:"'A mansion built on rashers' - Former home and lands of rasher baron Abraham Denny on the market for €2.2m"
1766:
1190:
1164:
1079:
537:
450:
363:
262:
243:
167:
58:
358:, especially following the collapse of the Irish wing of the Liberal Party. The IUA's first leader was the
3234:
2803:
2661:
2544:
2022:
1585:
1144:
296:
The IUA became wracked by internal disagreement during the early twentieth century, with the issue of the
266:
1639:
3213:
2750:
2577:
2501:
2421:
2316:
2057:
1052:
1002:
691:
620:
491:
413:
alongside the Conservative Party. This was especially the case in the two general elections of 1910. In
301:
235:
124:
2605:
1139:. This tradition of resistance to Irish nationalism would later manifest itself in groups such as the
2321:
2281:
2032:
990:
615:
338:
297:
3101:
3061:
2559:
2486:
2468:
2368:
2353:
2331:
2229:
2199:
2097:
2087:
2067:
1993:
1692:
1572:
Colin Reid, 'Stephen Gwynn and the Failure of Constitutional Nationalism in Ireland, 1919 – 1921',
970:
664:
530:
475:
286:
219:
177:
140:
3036:
329:(ILPU), which it replaced. The ILPU had been established to prevent electoral competition between
3081:
2363:
2273:
2110:
2082:
1128:
1030:
583:
522:
330:
152:
3091:
2798:
933:
45:
3086:
3046:
3012:
2997:
2671:
2335:
2176:
2014:
1917:
1909:
1733:
1531:
1255:
1132:
1090:
1022:
958:
954:
2893:
2610:
2491:
2481:
2444:
2358:
2042:
1940:
1561:
Ireland and the Federal Solution: The Debate over the United Kingdom Constitution, 1870–1920
1044:
687:
603:
587:
518:
487:
438:
309:
1771:Éire-Ireland journal, Volume 40:3&4, Fómhar/Geimhreadh / Fall/Winter 2005, pp. 140–188"
3203:
3066:
2977:
2869:
2516:
1790:
1688:
1592:
1048:
1047:, then southern Ireland's largest company. They controlled financial entities such as the
1039:
660:
640:
574:
510:
312:, and would go on to dominate domestic politics there for much of the twentieth century.
390:, the party closely aligned itself with the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists. In the
2808:
2027:
1959:
1662:"Historical detective trail reveals 'ethnic cleansing' by IRA in Cork – Independent.ie"
1071:
1034:
1026:
946:
706:
644:
399:
251:
1830:"Findlaters - Chapter 6 - A Southern Unionist Businessman: Adam Findlater (1855‒1911)"
525:. The Alliance's official opposition to partition led to it being marginalised in the
409:
Throughout the period, members of the IUA campaigned not only in Ireland, but also in
3323:
2962:
2898:
2823:
2788:
2778:
2141:
1934:
1232:
1136:
1110:
1067:
652:
521:
in an attempt to bring about an understanding on the implementation of the suspended
503:
499:
495:
410:
289:. Its electoral strength was largely (although not exclusively) concentrated in east
278:
1548:
The Two Unions: Ireland, Scotland, and the Survival of the United Kingdom, 1707–2007
17:
3041:
3002:
2982:
2853:
2838:
2464:
2348:
2224:
1148:
1102:
1075:
1006:
994:
558:
379:
359:
136:
53:
2239:
998:
533:
445:, their strongest constituency of the eight in question, and never even contested
406:
the party won 32.2% of the vote in Ireland, most of its votes coming from Ulster.
2848:
2843:
2436:
1892:
1014:
986:
942:
429:
seats would occasionally fall to them. The party also won a surprise victory in
346:
282:
144:
304:(UUP). In 1919 the IUA finally split apart with the founding of the break-away
3056:
3017:
2813:
2403:
1949:
982:
157:
2929:
2883:
2879:
2828:
2592:
2269:
2172:
1119:
1087:
950:
1829:
1371:
A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmastism and Pessimism
1316:
A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmastism and Pessimism
1946:"60 Years on: the “Southern Unionists”, the Crown and the Irish Republic"
1605:
Defenders of the Union: A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801
579:
2719:
1682:
1998 Review of "Crisis and Decline; the fate of the Southern Unionists"
1114:
223:
325:
The Irish Unionist Alliance was founded in 1891 by the members of the
1106:
611:
426:
342:
290:
274:
255:
1486:
The Round Table: the empire/commonwealth and British foreign policy
1131:, the Ulster unionists created their own paramilitary group, the "
932:
705:
464:
373:
3248:
582:, the compromise that was eventually agreed upon in the 1921–22
2723:
1963:
1636:"Gill & Macmillan - History - the Year of Disappearances"
969:. Many of the IUA's leading figures were associated with the
1891:"Ireland's lack of civic morality grounded in our history",
1801:
Debate on the Local Government (Ireland) Bill, 24 March 1919
1769:
The Last Gasp of Southern Unionism: Lord Ashtown of Woodlawn
937:
Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland after partition
586:. Under the Treaty, Northern Ireland became a part of the
3355:
Organisations associated with the Conservative Party (UK)
242:. The party was led for much of its existence by Colonel
3278:
Ulster Unionist Party Presidents and General Secretaries
674:
three formerly loyalist businessmen were elected as the
614:, unionist support was strongest in urban areas. As the
945:
class, who valued their cultural affiliations with the
1844:"Land Purchase (Ireland). (Hansard, 11 February 1915)"
2699:
Current political parties in the Republic of Ireland
1706:
Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1922
1373:(Manchester University Press, 4 September 2004), 22.
1282:
Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1922
3291:
3265:
3212:
3196:
3110:
3027:
2943:
2907:
2862:
2759:
2644:
2591:
2558:
2515:
2463:
2435:
2402:
2330:
2268:
2171:
2164:
2134:
2096:
2009:
2002:
1732:Twilight of the Ascendancy" Constable, London 1993
1563:(McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 1 January 1989), 231.
1413:
Britain and Ireland: From Home Rule to Independence
1399:(Cambridge University Press, 11 October 2012), 180.
441:, the unionists failed to come close to winning in
163:
151:
130:
120:
106:
88:
70:
52:
34:
1386:(Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914), 374.
1360:(Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914), 385.
2307:Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation
1264:(1919–1922), as leader of the Southern Unionists
651:. Amongst others, Sir Horace Plunkett's home in
517:against the Ulster Unionists during the 1917–18
1318:(Manchester University Press, 4 September 2004)
953:". They were generally members of the Anglican
1936:The Home rule bill in committee, session, 1893
1756:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 370–371.
1345:Joseph Chamberlain: A Most Radical Imperialist
1066:. Many Southern Unionists were members of the
594:voted to leave the Free State two days later.
2735:
2190:Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)
1975:
1457:Dividing Ireland: World War One and Partition
1446:(Gill & Macmillan Ltd, 28 September 2012)
1444:Dublin: A City in Turmoil: Dublin 1919 – 1921
1300:(Oxford University Press, 19 March 2014), 52.
1258:in 1920), as leader of the Southern Unionists
564:Although the IUA hoped to play a part in the
8:
269:to campaign to prevent the passage of a new
1428:, reported in the party AGM, 25 April 1913.
1298:The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish History
529:, which showed the rising influence of the
509:The internal divisions simmered during the
240:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
3360:Conservative parties in the United Kingdom
3335:Political parties in pre-partition Ireland
2742:
2728:
2720:
2168:
2006:
1982:
1968:
1960:
1882:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 376.
1869:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 369.
1721:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 384.
1517:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 386.
1504:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 378.
1280:B. M. Walker, 'Political affiliations' in
713:
710:Graph of Irish UK MPs 1885–1918 in numbers
590:from its creation on 6 December 1922; the
536:party on the one hand and the strength of
261:The party aligned itself closely with the
44:
31:
1880:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1867:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1784:UCC article with numbers in 1921 and 1926
1754:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1719:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1515:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1502:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1384:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1358:Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914
1101:Ulster Unionists were largely Protestant
805:Conservative and Liberal Unionist victory
779:Conservative and Liberal Unionist victory
544:. Against the backdrop of the subsequent
3390:Political parties disestablished in 1922
3365:Right-wing parties in the United Kingdom
2185:British and Irish Communist Organisation
1861:
1859:
1857:
1496:
1494:
1467:
1465:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1407:
1405:
1174:
2121:Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society
1748:
1746:
1339:
1337:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1273:
633:the 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl
513:. Southern Unionist members sided with
3370:History of the Conservative Party (UK)
2636:National Socialist Irish Workers Party
957:, although there were several notable
919:called 'Conservatives' or 'Unionists'.
881:Liberal government in hung Parliament
856:Liberal government in hung Parliament
250:. In total, eighty-six members of the
248:St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton
3380:Political parties established in 1891
2427:Women's Social and Progressive League
1550:(Oxford University Press, 2012), 309.
1528:Home Rule: An Irish History 1800—2000
643:, were appointed in December 1922 by
7:
3350:Defunct political parties in Ireland
2709:List of political parties by country
2704:Elections in the Republic of Ireland
3283:List of Ulster Unionist Party Peers
2694:Politics of the Republic of Ireland
2652:Fathers Rights-Responsibility Party
2535:Christian Democrat Party of Ireland
1618:"Welcome reform.org - BlueHost.com"
1586:Senate nominations, 6 December 1922
1109:support base was considerably more
572:, the parliament never functioned.
1607:(Routledge, 4 January 2002 ), 123.
1473:Ireland Within The Union 1800–1921
25:
3385:1922 disestablishments in Ireland
3273:List of Ulster Unionist Party MPs
2621:Irish Monetary Reform Association
2344:All Ireland Anti-Partition League
2250:Socialist Party of Ireland (1971)
2245:Socialist Party of Ireland (1904)
1347:(I.B.Tauris, 30 March 2011), 102.
1284:(Royal Irish Academy, 1978), xiv.
1001:, Denny's Sausages, Findlaters,
3345:Irish Unionist Party politicians
2078:Irish Socialist Republican Party
1329:Home Rule and the Irish Question
1060:Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903
3330:Conservative parties in Ireland
2477:Business and Professional Group
2116:Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union
1459:(Routledge, 20 June 2005), 186.
676:Business and Professional Group
327:Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union
281:, and the founder of Ireland's
232:Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union
115:Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union
3375:1891 establishments in Ireland
2583:Unionist Anti-Partition League
2412:Community Democrats of Ireland
2302:National Progressive Democrats
2220:League for a Workers' Republic
1475:(Xlibris Corporation), p. 228.
1331:(Routledge, 15 July 2014), 32.
1070:, and these were prominent in
592:Parliament of Northern Ireland
566:Parliament of Southern Ireland
551:Unionist Anti-Partition League
306:Unionist Anti-Partition League
29:Political party in Ireland
1:
2235:Revolutionary Workers' Groups
1990:Defunct political parties in
1415:(Routledge, 12 May 2014), 61.
1105:, rather than Anglicans. The
631:(as he had become in 1920),
498:, had written to its leader,
382:poster from the 1910 election
226:in 1891 from a merger of the
2616:Immigration Control Platform
2374:Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann
1767:"L Perry Curtis essay 2005,
1603:D.George Boyce, Alan O'Day,
893:
888:
868:
863:
843:
838:
818:
813:
791:
786:
765:
760:
740:
735:
727:
362:and former Conservative MP,
94:; 102 years ago
76:; 133 years ago
2657:Independent Health Alliance
2384:Irish Anti-Partition League
2215:Irish Workers' Party (1948)
2210:Irish Workers' Party (1926)
2195:Independent Socialist Party
2038:Home Government Association
1708:(Royal Irish Academy, 1978)
1576:, 53, 3 (2010), pp. 723–745
234:(ILPU) to oppose plans for
222:political party founded in
3406:
2540:Christian Solidarity Party
2292:Democratic Socialist Party
1397:A Short History of Ireland
1141:Ulster Defence Association
910:
905:
898:
883:
880:
873:
858:
855:
848:
833:
830:
823:
808:
803:
796:
777:
770:
755:
752:
745:
730:
608:1920 Irish local elections
2689:
2568:Donegal Progressive Party
2455:National Democratic Party
2063:Irish Parliamentary Party
2053:Irish National Federation
1252:The 9th Viscount Midleton
698:(DUP) in the late 1980s.
696:Democratic Unionist Party
649:Free State's first Senate
546:Irish War of Independence
484:the 9th Viscount Midleton
352:Irish Parliamentary Party
173:
43:
3197:Organisational structure
2667:Irish Monarchist Society
2631:National Corporate Party
2530:Christian Centrist Party
2417:Liberal Party of Ireland
2389:Irish Independence Party
2106:Irish Conservative Party
2073:Irish Reform Association
1687:22 February 2011 at the
1530:, Phoenix Press (2003),
1254:(1910–1919; created 1st
1064:Irish Reform Association
702:General election results
629:the 1st Earl of Midleton
356:Irish Home Rule movement
228:Irish Conservative Party
3225:Irish Unionist Alliance
2379:Independent Fianna Fáil
2126:Irish Unionist Alliance
2048:Independent Irish Party
1426:Annual Reports, 1906–13
1191:Edward James Saunderson
1165:Edward James Saunderson
999:Cantrell & Cochrane
963:The 5th Earl of Kenmare
538:Ulster Unionist Council
486:(later created the 1st
451:Ulster Unionist Council
364:Edward James Saunderson
244:Edward James Saunderson
238:for Ireland within the
200:Irish Unionist Alliance
153:Political position
37:Irish Unionist Alliance
2662:Irish Democratic Party
2312:Socialist Labour Party
2023:All-for-Ireland League
1789:21 August 2006 at the
1730:See Bence-Jones, Mark
1574:The Historical Journal
1488:(London, 1997), p. 291
1262:The 11th Baron Farnham
1145:Ulster Volunteer Force
938:
711:
610:show that, outside of
555:the 11th Baron Farnham
470:
425:, and a couple of the
383:
258:was relatively small.
64:The 11th Baron Farnham
3216:related organisations
2752:Ulster Unionist Party
2601:Ailtirí na hAiséirghe
2578:Irish Dominion League
2502:National League Party
2497:National Centre Party
2422:Progressive Democrats
2394:National Party (1924)
2297:National Labour Party
2260:World Socialist Party
2058:Irish National League
1080:British Army officers
1053:Goodbody Stockbrokers
967:Sir Antony MacDonnell
936:
709:
692:Ulster Unionist Party
637:the 1st Baron Glenavy
621:Irish Dominion League
606:. The results of the
527:1918 general election
492:Ulster Unionist Party
468:
404:1900 general election
392:1892 general election
377:
302:Ulster Unionist Party
206:), also known as the
125:Ulster Unionist Party
3254:Electoral alliance:
3111:Leadership elections
2322:United Left Alliance
2282:Cork Socialist Party
2205:Irish Workers' Group
2033:Healyite Nationalist
1229:The Right Honourable
1208:The Right Honourable
1187:The Right Honourable
991:Beamish and Crawford
975:Sir Maurice Dockrell
616:partition of Ireland
580:"Dominion Home Rule"
568:envisaged under the
461:Division (1914–1922)
298:partition of Ireland
208:Irish Unionist Party
164:National affiliation
18:Irish Unionist Party
3340:Unionism in Ireland
2550:Poblacht Chríostúil
2545:Muintir na hÉireann
2507:Social Credit Party
2487:Cumann na nGaedheal
2369:Cumann na Poblachta
2230:Republican Congress
2200:Irish Worker League
2111:Irish Liberal Party
2088:United Irish League
2068:Irish Patriot Party
1693:Geoffrey Wheatcroft
1642:on 24 November 2010
1591:9 June 2011 at the
1125:Parliament Act 1911
1007:W.P. & R. Odlum
971:Kildare Street Club
690:, unionists of the
665:Cumann na nGaedheal
641:Sir Horace Plunkett
476:Sir Horace Plunkett
287:Sir Horace Plunkett
178:Politics of Ireland
111:Irish Conservatives
2606:Córas na Poblachta
2573:Irish Centre Party
2525:Catholic Democrats
2364:Clann na Poblachta
2083:Repeal Association
1895:9 April 2011, p.14
1455:Thomas Hennessey,
1343:Travis L. Crosby,
1129:Home Rule Act 1914
1031:Goulding Chemicals
959:Catholic unionists
939:
929:Southern Unionists
712:
625:Irish Centre Party
584:Anglo-Irish Treaty
570:1920 Home Rule Act
523:Home Rule Act 1914
515:Irish Nationalists
471:
384:
293:and south Dublin.
263:Conservative Party
168:Conservative Party
59:Colonel Saunderson
3317:
3316:
3309:Electoral history
3029:General Secretary
2717:
2716:
2685:
2684:
2672:Natural Law Party
2225:Vanguard Movement
2160:
2159:
1922:978-0-8264-5814-8
1848:api.parliament.uk
1738:978-0-09-472350-4
1327:Grenfell Morton,
1248:
1247:
1239:Dublin University
1233:Sir Edward Carson
1133:Ulster Volunteers
1091:Garret FitzGerald
1003:Jameson's Whiskey
955:Church of Ireland
920:
915:
914:
907:Coalition victory
500:Sir Edward Carson
423:Dublin University
279:Sir Edward Carson
267:Liberal Unionists
196:
195:
183:Political parties
121:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
3397:
3304:Election results
3235:Liberal Unionist
3231:Labour Unionists
2988:J. G. Cunningham
2983:J. L. O. Andrews
2804:Chichester-Clark
2753:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2721:
2611:Identity Ireland
2482:Cork Civic Party
2445:Clann na Talmhan
2354:Aontacht Éireann
2169:
2043:Home Rule League
2007:
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1941:Internet Archive
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688:Northern Ireland
682:Northern Ireland
604:Irish Free State
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588:Irish Free State
519:Irish Convention
488:Earl of Midleton
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2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
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2800:
2797:
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2794:Brookeborough
2792:
2790:
2787:
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2359:Clann Éireann
2357:
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2329:
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2256:
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2201:
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2178:
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2167:
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2127:
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2119:
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2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1956:, Dublin 2009
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1914:0-8264-5814-9
1911:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
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1788:
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1772:
1770:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1747:
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1735:
1727:
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1714:
1711:
1707:
1701:
1698:
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1690:
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1663:
1657:
1654:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1619:
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1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:John Kendle,
1556:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:0-7538-1767-5
1533:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1497:
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1487:
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1468:
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1452:
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1418:
1414:
1408:
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1402:
1398:
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1379:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Alvin Jackson
1290:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1243:
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1234:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1137:Edward Carson
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1111:working class
1108:
1104:
1103:Presbyterians
1096:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1068:landed gentry
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
979:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
935:
928:
923:
921:
908:
891:
887:
866:
862:
841:
837:
816:
812:
806:
789:
785:
782:
780:
763:
759:
738:
734:
724:
722:
719:
716:
715:
708:
701:
699:
697:
693:
689:
681:
679:
677:
673:
672:1923 election
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:County Dublin
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
613:
609:
605:
597:
595:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:
571:
567:
562:
560:
556:
552:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
507:
505:
504:British Isles
501:
497:
496:G. F. Stewart
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
467:
460:
458:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
434:
432:
428:
424:
418:
416:
415:December 1910
412:
411:Great Britain
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
381:
376:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
344:
340:
336:
335:Conservatives
332:
328:
320:
315:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
246:and later by
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
175:
172:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
91:
87:
73:
69:
65:
60:
57:
55:
51:
47:
42:
33:
27:
19:
3292:Other topics
3224:
3223:Progenitor:
2465:Conservative
2349:Anti H-Block
2125:
1953:
1935:
1887:
1879:
1878:Alan O'Day,
1874:
1866:
1865:Alan O'Day,
1847:
1838:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1779:
1768:
1761:
1753:
1752:Alan O'Day,
1731:
1726:
1718:
1717:Alan O'Day,
1713:
1705:
1700:
1677:
1665:. Retrieved
1656:
1644:. Retrieved
1640:the original
1630:
1621:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1581:
1573:
1568:
1560:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1527:
1522:
1514:
1513:Alan O'Day,
1509:
1501:
1500:Alan O'Day,
1485:
1480:
1472:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1382:Alan O'Day,
1378:
1370:
1365:
1357:
1356:Alan O'Day,
1352:
1344:
1328:
1323:
1315:
1297:
1289:
1281:
1276:
1218:South Dublin
1197:North Armagh
1158:
1149:The Troubles
1118:
1100:
1084:
1057:
1038:
1015:R&H Hall
995:Brown Thomas
980:
940:
924:Support base
916:
906:
804:
778:
685:
669:
601:
573:
563:
559:County Cavan
508:
472:
455:
447:West Donegal
435:
419:
408:
385:
380:John Redmond
324:
295:
260:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
197:
137:Conservatism
26:
3243:Offshoots:
3214:History and
3102:C. McCusker
2894:McCallister
2336:nationalist
2317:United Left
2015:Nationalist
1893:Irish Times
1816:independent
1212:Walter Long
1035:Smithwick's
943:Anglo-Irish
728:Government
659:during the
561:landowner.
431:Galway City
347:all-Ireland
283:cooperative
277:barrister,
145:Anglo-Irish
3324:Categories
3299:Chief Whip
3247:(1973–78)/
3138:March 1995
3047:Hungerford
3020:(honorary)
2769:Saunderson
2677:New Vision
2469:right-wing
2332:Republican
1950:Mary Kenny
1902:References
1646:8 November
1244:1910–1921
1223:1906–1910
1202:1891–1906
1155:Leadership
1019:Dockrell's
961:, such as
951:West Brits
865:1910 (Dec)
840:1910 (Jan)
657:burnt down
531:republican
321:Foundation
285:movement,
158:Right-wing
3251:(2013-16)
3082:Patterson
2945:President
2819:Molyneaux
2784:Craigavon
2593:Far-right
2274:left-wing
2270:Socialist
2240:Saor Éire
2173:Communist
2165:post 1918
2011:Home Rule
1948:essay by
1667:26 August
1120:Rome Rule
1088:Taoiseach
1078:, and as
717:Election
655:was then
542:Rathmines
534:Sinn Féin
398:. In the
370:1891–1914
360:Orangeman
236:home rule
216:Unionists
188:Elections
147:interests
89:Dissolved
3245:Vanguard
3229:Allies:
2953:Hamilton
2925:Campbell
2908:Chairman
2870:McCusker
2809:Faulkner
2626:Lia Fáil
2560:Unionist
2492:Libertas
2437:Agrarian
2177:far-left
2142:Radicals
2098:Unionist
1787:Archived
1685:Archived
1589:Archived
1143:and the
1127:and the
1043:and the
1023:Arnott's
1011:Cleeve's
987:Bewley's
901:25 / 105
876:16 / 103
851:18 / 103
826:16 / 103
799:17 / 103
773:17 / 103
748:19 / 103
623:and the
339:province
331:Liberals
230:and the
220:unionist
218:, was a
132:Ideology
3052:Douglas
2935:Kennedy
2889:Kennedy
2854:Beattie
2839:Nesbitt
2834:Elliott
2824:Trimble
2799:O'Neill
2789:Andrews
2761:Leaders
2404:Liberal
2003:to 1918
1994:Ireland
1954:Studies
1237:MP for
1216:MP for
1195:MP for
1181:Tenure
1171:Leaders
1162:Colonel
1147:during
1115:Belfast
1027:Elverys
670:In the
667:party.
647:to the
386:In the
316:History
224:Ireland
97: (
79: (
71:Founded
61:(First)
3258:(2009)
3097:Wilson
3072:Wilson
3067:Millar
3062:Hutton
3057:Bailie
3037:Gibson
3018:Steele
2978:Graham
2973:Brooke
2920:Cooper
2899:Butler
2882:&
2875:Taylor
2779:Carson
2147:Tories
1920:
1912:
1736:
1534:
1107:Ulster
1076:racing
965:, and
911:25.3%
884:28.6%
859:32.7%
834:42.7%
809:32.2%
756:12.5%
731:Votes
725:Seats
612:Ulster
427:Dublin
343:Ulster
291:Ulster
275:Dublin
256:Ulster
66:(Last)
54:Leader
3266:Lists
3256:UCUNF
3092:Corry
3042:Bates
3013:White
3008:Rogan
3003:Smyth
2993:Clark
2968:Dixon
2958:Craig
2930:Empey
2915:Rogan
2884:Beggs
2880:Empey
2849:Aiken
2844:Swann
2829:Empey
2645:Other
2152:Whigs
1939:from
1424:IUA,
1269:Notes
3249:NI21
3188:2024
3183:2021
3178:2019
3173:2017
3168:2012
3163:2010
3158:2005
3153:2004
3148:2000
3133:1979
3128:1974
3123:1971
3118:1969
3077:Boyd
2814:West
2774:Long
2467:and
2334:and
2272:and
2175:and
1918:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1669:2016
1648:2010
1532:ISBN
1178:Name
1074:and
1051:and
890:1918
815:1906
788:1900
762:1895
737:1892
639:and
557:, a
478:and
333:and
265:and
198:The
99:1922
92:1922
81:1891
74:1891
3087:Rea
1952:in
1691:by
686:In
341:of
204:IUA
3326::
1916:,
1856:^
1846:.
1814:.
1745:^
1620:.
1493:^
1464:^
1433:^
1404:^
1336:^
1305:^
1296:,
1151:.
1082:.
1037:,
1033:,
1029:,
1025:,
1021:,
1017:,
1013:,
1009:,
1005:,
997:,
993:,
989:,
985:,
635:,
366:.
210:,
3237:/
3233:/
2743:e
2736:t
2729:v
2013:/
1983:e
1976:t
1969:v
1850:.
1832:.
1773:.
1695:.
1671:.
1650:.
1624:.
202:(
101:)
83:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
