236:
378:
498:
295:
187:
538:
The yeast isc system is the best described. Several proteins constitute the biosynthetic machinery via the isc pathway. The process occurs in two major steps: (1) the Fe/S cluster is assembled on a scaffold protein followed by (2) transfer of the preformed cluster to the recipient proteins. The first
149:
Iron-sulfur proteins are involved in various biological electron transport processes, such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration, which require rapid electron transfer to sustain the energy or biochemical needs of the organism. To serve their various biological roles, iron-sulfur proteins effect
153:
Fe-SR bonds have unusually high covalency which is expected. When comparing the covalency of Fe with the covalency of Fe, Fe has almost double the covalency of Fe (20% to 38.4%). Fe is also much more stabilized than Fe. Hard ions like Fe normally have low covalency because of the energy mismatch of
551:
organisms. In the higher organisms the clusters are therefore transported out of the mitochondrion to be incorporated into the extramitochondrial enzymes. These organisms also possess a set of proteins involved in the Fe/S clusters transport and incorporation processes that are not homologous to
177:
The Fe 3d orbital energies follow the "inverted" bonding scheme which fortuitously has the Fe d-orbitals closely matched in energy with the sulfur 3p orbitals, giving high covalency in the resulting bonding molecular orbital. This high covalency lowers the inner sphere reorganization energy and
394:
Proteins are also known to contain centres, which feature one iron less than the more common cores. Three sulfide ions bridge two iron ions each, while the fourth sulfide bridges three iron ions. Their formal oxidation states may vary from (all-Fe form) to (all-Fe form). In a number of
342:
oxidation state. The difference in the redox couples is attributed to the degree of hydrogen bonding, which strongly modifies the basicity of the cysteinyl thiolate ligands. A further redox couple, which is still more reducing than the bacterial ferredoxins is implicated in the
140:
In almost all FeāS proteins, the Fe centers are tetrahedral and the terminal ligands are thiolato sulfur centers from cysteinyl residues. The sulfide groups are either two- or three-coordinated. Three distinct kinds of FeāS clusters with these features are most common.
535:. At least three different biosynthetic systems have been identified so far, namely nif, suf, and isc systems, which were first identified in bacteria. The nif system is responsible for the clusters in the enzyme nitrogenase. The suf and isc systems are more general.
385:
The second cubane shown here with mixed valence pairs (2 Fe3+ and 2 Fe2+), has a greater stability from covalent communication and strong covalent delocalization of the āextraā electron from the reduced Fe2+ that results in full ferromagnetic coupling.
735:
Guan, Y.; Manuel, R. C.; Arvai, A. S.; Parikh, S. S.; Mol, C. D.; Miller, J. H.; Lloyd, S.; Tainer, J. A. (December 1998). "MutY catalytic core, mutant and bound adenine structures define specificity for DNA repair enzyme superfamily".
501:
Ranges of reduction potentials, E (mV), covered by the different classes of iron-sulfur proteins, heme proteins, and copper proteins. (HiPIP = High potential iron-sulfur proteins, Rdx = rubredoxins, Fdx = ferredoxins, Cyt =
173:
with cysteine S, decreasing the latter's lone pair electron donation to the Fe by pulling away S electrons. Since covalency stabilizes Fe more than Fe, Fe is more destabilized by the HOH-S hydrogen-bonding.
1120:
Fritsch, J; Scheerer, P; Frielingsdorf, S; Kroschinsky, S; Friedrich, B; Lenz, O; Spahn, CMT (2011-10-16). "The crystal structure of an oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase uncovers a novel iron-sulphur centre".
1012:
Stripp, Sven T.; Duffus, Benjamin R.; Fourmond, Vincent; LĆ©ger, Christophe; LeimkĆ¼hler, Silke; Hirota, Shun; Hu, Yilin; Jasniewski, Andrew; Ogata, Hideaki; Ribbe, Markus W. (2022).
1728:
Noodleman, L., Lovell, T., Liu, T., Himo, F. and Torres, R.A. (2002). "Insights into properties and energetics of iron-sulfur proteins from simple clusters to nitrogenase".
1796:
1763:
1847:
1367:
512:
1308:
Johnson, M.K. and Smith, A.D. (2005) Ironāsulfur proteins in: Encyclopedia of
Inorganic Chemistry (King, R.B., Ed.), 2nd edn, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
493:
The "double cubane cluster" , found in some nitrogenase-related ATPases, consists of two bridged by a cysteine. The functions of such proteins remain unclear.
224:). The oxidized proteins contain two Fe ions, whereas the reduced proteins contain one Fe and one Fe ion. These species exist in two oxidation states, (Fe)
1063:"The binuclear cluster of [FeFe] hydrogenase is formed with sulfur donated by cysteine of an [Fe(Cys)(CO) 2 (CN)] organometallic precursor"
3056:
517:
The biosynthesis of the FeāS clusters has been well studied. The biogenesis of iron sulfur clusters has been studied most extensively in the bacteria
2710:
1964:
1172:
Shomura, Y; Yoon, KS; Nishihara, H; Higuchi, Y (2011-10-16). "Structural basis for a cluster in the oxygen-tolerant membrane-bound -hydrogenase".
248:
55:
2517:
2500:
395:
ironāsulfur proteins, the cluster can be reversibly converted by oxidation and loss of one iron ion to a cluster. E.g., the inactive form of
4323:
2111:
855:
2054:
132:
In some instances FeāS clusters are redox-inactive, but are proposed to have structural roles. Examples include endonuclease III and MutY.
413:
1840:
235:
155:
159:
4318:
1061:
Rao, Guodong; Pattenaude, Scott A.; Alwan, Katherine; Blackburn, Ninian J.; Britt, R. David; Rauchfuss, Thomas B. (15 October 2019).
1780:
635:
318:). The potentials for this redox couple range from 0.4 to 0.1 V. In the bacterial ferredoxins, the pair of oxidation states are (Fe
194:
The simplest polymetallic system, the cluster, is constituted by two iron ions bridged by two sulfide ions and coordinated by four
690:"Electronic Structure Contributions to Electron-Transfer Reactivity in IronāSulfur Active Sites: 3. Kinetics of Electron Transfer"
790:
Sun, Ning; Dey, Abhishek; Xiao, Zhiguang; Wedd, Anthony G.; Hodgson, Keith O.; Hedman, Britt; Solomon, Edward I. (2010-08-20).
3049:
2697:
2545:
1833:
1324:
1820:
2883:
1999:
1274:
445:
1272:
Johnson D, Dean DR, Smith AD, Johnson MK (2005). "Structure, function and formation of biological ironāsulfur clusters".
126:
1987:
1957:
67:
1014:"Second and Outer Coordination Sphere Effects in Nitrogenase, Hydrogenase, Formate Dehydrogenase, and CO Dehydrogenase"
2561:
2461:
792:"Solvation Effects on S K-Edge XAS Spectra of FeāS Proteins: Normal and Inverse Effects on WT and Mutant Rubredoxin"
334:). The potentials for this redox couple range from ā0.3 to ā0.7 V. The two families of 4Feā4S clusters share the Fe
4328:
4313:
2851:
2329:
2173:
630:
S. J. Lippard, J. M. Berg āPrinciples of
Bioinorganic Chemistryā University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA; 1994.
4338:
3042:
2714:
2255:
165:
External water molecules positioned close to the iron-sulfur active site reduces covalency; this can be shown by
79:
449:
102:. Additionally, some FeāS proteins regulate gene expression. FeāS proteins are vulnerable to attack by biogenic
4343:
4275:
4077:
1814:
531:
268:
229:
3474:
3270:
1921:
27:
3265:
648:
Bak, D. W.; Elliott, S. J. (2014). "Alternative FeS cluster ligands: tuning redox potentials and chemistry".
150:
rapid electron transfers and span the whole range of physiological redox potentials from -600 mV to +460 mV.
4333:
3915:
3584:
3466:
3297:
2903:
2727:
1950:
965:"Structure, Function, and Mechanism of the Nickel Metalloenzymes, CO Dehydrogenase, and Acetyl-CoA Synthase"
564:
and coworkers. Treatment of iron salts with a mixture of thiolates and sulfide affords derivatives such as (
283:. The Fe centers are typically further coordinated by cysteinyl ligands. The electron-transfer proteins (
247:
proteins contain FeāS clusters that coordinate as a 2Feā2S structure and can be found in the membrane bound
107:
59:
4259:
4029:
1825:
4209:
4196:
4141:
4125:
4113:
2042:
1422:
Holm, R. H.; Lo, W. (2016). "Structural
Conversions of Synthetic and Protein-Bound Iron-Sulfur Clusters".
601:
525:
256:
4013:
3098:
4191:
4157:
3851:
3760:
3657:
3624:
3600:
3572:
3427:
3405:
3382:
3253:
3243:
3221:
1864:
1757:
879:
Susan C. Wang; Perry A. Frey (2007). "S-adenosylmethionine as an oxidant: the radical SAM superfamily".
606:
358:
at the one Fe centre that lacks a thiolate ligand. The cluster does not undergo redox, but serves as a
251:
complex III in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and bacteria. They are also a part of the proteins of the
3288:
3522:
377:
3940:
3752:
3736:
3632:
3612:
3544:
3495:
3482:
3397:
3321:
3189:
3122:
2625:
2201:
2103:
1931:
1555:
Liu, J; Chakraborty, S; Hosseinzadeh, P; Yu, Y; Tian, S; Petrik, I; Bhagi, A; Lu, Y (23 April 2014).
1376:
1181:
1130:
1074:
371:
263:
complex in photosynthetic organisms. These photosynthetic organisms include plants, green algae, and
91:
3309:
1459:"Developments in the Biomimetic Chemistry of Cubane-Type and Higher Nuclearity IronāSulfur Clusters"
490:
A special 6 cysteine-coordinated cluster was found in oxygen-tolerant membrane-bound hydrogenases.
4230:
4045:
3772:
3716:
3560:
3552:
3517:
3507:
3487:
3413:
3361:
3348:
3334:
2719:
2030:
280:
271:
of their respective organisms which is a crucial step in the energy harvesting for many organisms.
497:
4284:
3993:
3696:
3527:
3441:
3283:
3110:
2971:
2795:
2747:
2672:
2664:
2613:
2445:
2369:
2353:
2305:
2234:
2022:
1916:
1790:
1623:
1205:
1154:
769:
565:
47:
1810:
4105:
4053:
3948:
3780:
3744:
3728:
3535:
3512:
3392:
3373:
3209:
3184:
3155:
3086:
2992:
2823:
2811:
2685:
2656:
2592:
2361:
2341:
2285:
2280:
2193:
2185:
1776:
1745:
1716:
1681:
1652:
1615:
1586:
1536:
1528:
1488:
1439:
1404:
1343:
1291:
1254:
1197:
1146:
1102:
1043:
994:
945:
896:
861:
851:
829:
811:
761:
753:
717:
709:
665:
631:
169:
experiments where water is removed from the protein. This reduction is because external water
118:
1287:
121:
of most organisms leads to theories that ironāsulfur compounds had a significant role in the
3843:
3835:
3708:
3458:
3453:
3339:
3201:
3065:
2705:
2648:
2429:
2409:
2389:
2377:
2293:
2247:
2242:
2213:
2165:
1883:
1737:
1706:
1673:
1644:
1607:
1576:
1568:
1518:
1478:
1470:
1431:
1394:
1384:
1361:
T. Herskovitz; B. A. Averill; R. H. Holm; J. A. Ibers; W. D. Phillips; J. F. Weiher (1972).
1333:
1283:
1244:
1236:
1189:
1138:
1092:
1082:
1033:
1025:
984:
976:
935:
927:
888:
819:
803:
745:
701:
657:
519:
279:
A common motif features a four iron ions and four sulfide ions placed at the vertices of a
4186:
4097:
4001:
3985:
3859:
3827:
3819:
3387:
3356:
3238:
3233:
3146:
2923:
2839:
2783:
2321:
2221:
2093:
1856:
561:
35:
1598:
Beinert, H. (2000). "Iron-sulfur proteins: ancient structures, still full of surprises".
1225:"Double-Cubane [8Fe9S] Clusters: A Novel Nitrogenase-Related Cofactor in Biology"
1380:
1185:
1134:
1078:
4089:
4065:
3973:
3875:
3811:
3418:
3248:
3179:
3004:
2763:
2680:
2597:
2229:
1973:
1860:
1711:
1694:
1581:
1556:
1483:
1458:
1249:
1224:
1097:
1062:
1038:
1013:
989:
964:
940:
915:
824:
244:
221:
166:
122:
39:
1741:
1677:
1648:
1635:
Beinert, H.; Kiley, P.J. (1999). "Fe-S proteins in sensing and regulatory functions".
1523:
1506:
1399:
1362:
4307:
3887:
3167:
350:
Some 4Feā4S clusters bind substrates and are thus classified as enzyme cofactors. In
264:
170:
71:
1627:
1363:"Structure and Properties of a Synthetic Analogue of Bacterial Iron-Sulfur Proteins"
773:
560:
Synthetic analogues of the naturally occurring FeāS clusters were first reported by
3275:
2145:
1926:
1693:
Nomenclature
Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry (NC-IUB) (1979).
1209:
1158:
103:
291:. Low- and high-potential ferredoxins are related by the following redox scheme:
4178:
1911:
1895:
1890:
1435:
1029:
931:
460:
435:
421:
367:
344:
252:
95:
75:
63:
51:
1338:
1319:
892:
661:
412:
3023:
865:
544:
363:
359:
284:
209:
43:
1557:"Metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers"
1532:
815:
757:
713:
4246:
3803:
3436:
3078:
2484:
1087:
548:
540:
429:
396:
355:
351:
217:
195:
87:
83:
1749:
1656:
1619:
1590:
1492:
1443:
1389:
1347:
1295:
1258:
1240:
1201:
1150:
1106:
1047:
998:
949:
900:
833:
721:
669:
1685:
1664:
Johnson, M.K. (1998). "Iron-sulfur proteins: new roles for old clusters".
1611:
1540:
1408:
765:
4217:
1878:
1720:
611:
425:
213:
1193:
1142:
3965:
3932:
3134:
3073:
791:
689:
31:
23:
1572:
1474:
980:
807:
705:
82:
have multiple FeāS clusters. They have many other functions including
3688:
3326:
479:
half features unique ligands: 3 CO, 2 CN, and an azadithiolate HN(CH
439:
417:
198:
99:
287:) may be further subdivided into low-potential (bacterial-type) and
3034:
424:. The cluster is linked to the protein by the amino acid residues
294:
3899:
3798:
496:
411:
376:
293:
288:
234:
185:
111:
1942:
749:
963:
Can, Mehmet; Armstrong, Fraser A.; Ragsdale, Stephen W. (2014).
399:
possesses an and is activated by addition of Fe and reductant.
267:, the bacterial precursor to chloroplasts. Both are part of the
186:
94:-dependent enzymes, and as sulfur donors in the biosynthesis of
3038:
1946:
1829:
374:
to generate a radical, which is involved in many biosyntheses.
1695:"Nomenclature of iron-sulfur proteins. Recommendations 1978"
66:. Ironāsulfur clusters are best known for their role in the
407:
Examples include the active sites of a number of enzymes:
848:
BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY: structure and reactivity
110:. In most FeāS proteins, the terminal ligands on Fe are
298:
4Fe-4S clusters serve as electron-relays in proteins.
178:
ultimately contributes to a rapid electron transfer.
34:-linked di-, tri-, and tetrairon centers in variable
688:
Kennepohl, Pierre; Solomon, Edward I. (2003-01-16).
4208:
4177:
3964:
3931:
3796:
3686:
3072:
3016:
2985:
2964:
2876:
2641:
2606:
2585:
2477:
2158:
2138:
2102:
2086:
2015:
1980:
1904:
1871:
1223:Jeoung, JH; Martins, BM; Dobbek, H (15 June 2020).
239:
Rieske 2Fe-2S Cluster
Oxidation States of Fe and Fe
38:. Ironāsulfur clusters are found in a variety of
1368:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1067:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
683:
681:
679:
513:Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis protein family
1320:"Ironāsulfur-protein biogenesis in eukaryotes"
916:"Structural Enzymology of Nitrogenase Enzymes"
3050:
1958:
1841:
8:
1795:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1762:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1511:Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
1505:Sticht, Heinrich; Rƶsch, Paul (1998-09-01).
463:features an "H-cluster", consisting of a Fe
302:In HiPIP, the cluster shuttles between (Fe
90:, generation of radicals as illustrated by
3928:
3057:
3043:
3035:
2873:
2474:
2099:
1965:
1951:
1943:
1848:
1834:
1826:
381:4Fe-4S Oxidation States of Fe, Fe, and Fe.
1813:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1710:
1580:
1522:
1482:
1398:
1388:
1337:
1248:
1096:
1086:
1037:
988:
939:
914:Einsle, Oliver; Rees, Douglas C. (2020).
823:
785:
783:
232:is also associated with 2Fe-2S clusters.
2974:
1457:Lee, S. C.; Lo, W.; Holm, R. H. (2014).
1288:10.1146/annurev.biochem.74.082803.133518
796:Journal of the American Chemical Society
117:The prevalence of these proteins on the
1507:"The structure of ironāsulfur proteins"
623:
552:proteins found in prokaryotic systems.
370:enzymes, the cluster binds and reduces
1788:
1755:
7:
850:. : UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BOOKS. 2018.
547:organisms or in the mitochondria of
539:step of this process occurs in the
156:lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
78:. Both Complex I and Complex II of
56:coenzyme Q ā cytochrome c reductase
1712:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1979.tb12839.x
438:include two P-clusters () and two
289:high-potential (HiPIP) ferredoxins
160:highest occupied molecular orbital
16:Proteins with iron-sulfur clusters
14:
26:characterized by the presence of
1821:Examples of iron-sulfur clusters
60:succinate ā coenzyme Q reductase
362:catalyst to convert citrate to
1325:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
881:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
1:
1742:10.1016/S1367-5931(02)00309-5
1678:10.1016/S1367-5931(98)80058-6
1649:10.1016/S1367-5931(99)80027-1
1524:10.1016/S0079-6107(98)00027-3
1318:Lill R, MĆ¼hlenhoff U (2005).
1275:Annual Review of Biochemistry
446:Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
145:Structure-function principles
68:oxidation-reduction reactions
4324:Peripheral membrane proteins
1436:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00276
1030:10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00914
932:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00067
4360:
1339:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.01.006
893:10.1016/j.tibs.2007.01.002
662:10.1016/j.cbpa.2013.12.015
510:
450:acetyl coenzyme-A synthase
2877:Organoiron(III) compounds
1771:Spiro, T.G., Ed. (1982).
738:Nature Structural Biology
354:, the FeāS cluster binds
108:dinitrosyl iron complexes
80:oxidative phosphorylation
70:of electron transport in
2478:Organoiron(II) compounds
1815:Medical Subject Headings
452:each features an Fe-N-iS
269:electron transport chain
230:CDGSH iron sulfur domain
127:ironāsulfur world theory
114:, but exceptions exist.
1088:10.1073/pnas.1913324116
1730:Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol
1666:Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol
1637:Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol
1390:10.1073/pnas.69.9.2437
1241:10.1002/cbic.202000016
650:Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol
602:Bioinorganic chemistry
503:
433:
382:
299:
240:
191:
1865:Non-heme iron protein
1612:10.1007/s007750050002
607:Iron-binding proteins
500:
475:via a cystine. The Fe
415:
380:
297:
238:
189:
4319:Ironāsulfur proteins
3024:Hemolithin (protein)
1932:Tyrosine hydroxylase
1811:Iron-Sulfur+Proteins
1773:Iron-sulfur proteins
1600:J. Biol. Inorg. Chem
372:S-adenosylmethionine
28:ironāsulfur clusters
20:Ironāsulfur proteins
1922:Ironāsulfur protein
1775:. New York: Wiley.
1430:(22): 13685ā13713.
1381:1972PNAS...69.2437H
1194:10.1038/nature10504
1186:2011Natur.479..253S
1143:10.1038/nature10505
1135:2011Natur.479..249F
1079:2019PNAS..11620850R
1073:(42): 20850ā20855.
1024:(14): 11900ā11973.
802:(36): 12639ā12647.
694:Inorganic Chemistry
556:Synthetic analogues
403:Other FeāS clusters
281:cubane-type cluster
1917:Inositol oxygenase
504:
434:
383:
300:
241:
192:
119:metabolic pathways
86:as illustrated by
48:NADH dehydrogenase
4329:Protein structure
4314:Cluster chemistry
4301:
4300:
4210:Organic compounds
4173:
4172:
3032:
3031:
2960:
2959:
2581:
2580:
2134:
2133:
1940:
1939:
1573:10.1021/cr400479b
1475:10.1021/cr4004067
1235:(12): 1710ā1716.
1180:(7372): 253ā256.
1129:(7372): 249ā252.
981:10.1021/cr400461p
926:(12): 4969ā5004.
857:978-1-938787-96-6
808:10.1021/ja102807x
744:(12): 1058ā1064.
706:10.1021/ic0203320
416:Structure of the
136:Structural motifs
4351:
4339:Sulfur compounds
3929:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3667:
3666:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3641:
3066:Sulfur compounds
3059:
3052:
3045:
3036:
2977:
2952:
2951:
2950:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2874:
2475:
2100:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1944:
1884:Bacterioferritin
1857:Carrier proteins
1850:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1800:
1794:
1786:
1767:
1761:
1753:
1724:
1714:
1689:
1660:
1631:
1594:
1584:
1561:Chemical Reviews
1544:
1526:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1469:(7): 3579ā3600.
1463:Chemical Reviews
1454:
1448:
1447:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1375:(9): 2437ā2441.
1358:
1352:
1351:
1341:
1315:
1309:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1117:
1111:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1041:
1018:Chemical Reviews
1009:
1003:
1002:
992:
975:(8): 4149ā4174.
969:Chemical Reviews
960:
954:
953:
943:
920:Chemical Reviews
911:
905:
904:
876:
870:
869:
844:
838:
837:
827:
787:
778:
777:
732:
726:
725:
685:
674:
673:
645:
639:
628:
158:with the ligand
36:oxidation states
4359:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4348:
4344:Metalloproteins
4304:
4303:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4254:
4250:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4225:
4221:
4204:
4200:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4121:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4069:
4061:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4009:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3944:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3883:
3879:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3839:
3831:
3823:
3815:
3801:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3776:
3768:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3720:
3712:
3704:
3700:
3682:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3628:
3620:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3580:
3576:
3568:
3564:
3556:
3548:
3539:
3531:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3449:
3445:
3431:
3422:
3409:
3401:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3352:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3305:
3301:
3292:
3279:
3261:
3257:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3150:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3094:
3090:
3077:
3068:
3063:
3033:
3028:
3012:
3008:
3000:
2996:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2956:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2819:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2723:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2676:
2668:
2660:
2652:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2621:
2617:
2602:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2385:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2333:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2289:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2177:
2169:
2154:
2149:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2098:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2026:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1976:
1971:
1941:
1936:
1900:
1867:
1861:metalloproteins
1854:
1807:
1787:
1783:
1770:
1754:
1727:
1699:Eur. J. Biochem
1692:
1663:
1634:
1597:
1567:(8): 4366ā469.
1554:
1551:
1549:Further reading
1504:
1501:
1500:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1011:
1010:
1006:
962:
961:
957:
913:
912:
908:
878:
877:
873:
858:
846:
845:
841:
789:
788:
781:
734:
733:
729:
687:
686:
677:
647:
646:
642:
629:
625:
620:
598:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
569:
558:
515:
509:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
455:
405:
392:
390:3Feā4S clusters
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
277:
275:4Feā4S clusters
260:
227:
222:Rieske proteins
208:
204:
190:2Feā2S clusters
184:
182:2Feā2S clusters
147:
138:
40:metalloproteins
17:
12:
11:
5:
4357:
4355:
4347:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4334:Iron compounds
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4306:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3691:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3672:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2878:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1974:Iron compounds
1972:
1970:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1806:
1805:External links
1803:
1802:
1801:
1781:
1768:
1736:(2): 259ā273.
1725:
1705:(3): 427ā430.
1690:
1672:(2): 173ā181.
1661:
1643:(2): 152ā157.
1632:
1595:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1499:
1498:
1449:
1414:
1353:
1332:(3): 133ā141.
1310:
1301:
1282:(1): 247ā281.
1264:
1215:
1164:
1112:
1053:
1004:
955:
906:
871:
856:
839:
779:
727:
700:(3): 696ā708.
675:
640:
622:
621:
619:
616:
615:
614:
609:
604:
597:
594:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
557:
554:
508:
505:
495:
494:
491:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
457:
453:
443:
404:
401:
391:
388:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
276:
273:
258:
249:cytochrome bc1
225:
206:
202:
183:
180:
171:hydrogen bonds
167:lyophilization
146:
143:
137:
134:
123:origin of life
42:, such as the
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4356:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4294:
4283:
4281:
4274:
4272:
4258:
4256:
4245:
4243:
4229:
4227:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4166:
4156:
4154:
4140:
4138:
4124:
4122:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4064:
4062:
4052:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4028:
4026:
4012:
4010:
4000:
3998:
3992:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3947:
3945:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3898:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3874:
3872:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3842:
3840:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3751:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3735:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3715:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3656:
3654:
3631:
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3623:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3583:
3581:
3571:
3569:
3559:
3557:
3551:
3549:
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3541:
3534:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3465:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3426:
3424:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3372:
3370:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3308:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
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3235:
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3220:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3200:
3198:
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3183:
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3166:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3145:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3109:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3060:
3055:
3053:
3048:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2953:
2922:
2920:
2902:
2900:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2850:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2822:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2794:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2762:
2760:
2746:
2744:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2624:
2622:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2560:
2558:
2544:
2542:
2516:
2514:
2499:
2497:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2444:
2442:
2428:
2426:
2408:
2406:
2388:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2320:
2318:
2304:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2110:
2108:
2106:(I) compounds
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2079:
2053:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1784:
1782:0-471-07738-0
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1517:(2): 95ā136.
1516:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1357:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
959:
956:
951:
947:
942:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
910:
907:
902:
898:
894:
890:
887:(3): 101ā10.
886:
882:
875:
872:
867:
863:
859:
853:
849:
843:
840:
835:
831:
826:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
786:
784:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
728:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
682:
680:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
644:
641:
637:
636:0-935702-73-3
633:
627:
624:
617:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
595:
593:
571:
563:
555:
553:
550:
546:
542:
536:
534:
533:
532:S. cerevisiae
528:
527:
526:A. vinelandii
522:
521:
514:
506:
502:cytochromes.)
499:
492:
489:
462:
458:
451:
447:
444:
441:
437:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
410:
409:
408:
402:
400:
398:
389:
387:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
274:
272:
270:
266:
265:cyanobacteria
262:
254:
250:
246:
237:
233:
231:
223:
219:
215:
211:
200:
197:
188:
181:
179:
175:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
151:
144:
142:
135:
133:
130:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:, as well as
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
4179:Thiocyanates
1927:Lipoxygenase
1772:
1758:cite journal
1733:
1729:
1702:
1698:
1669:
1665:
1640:
1636:
1603:
1599:
1564:
1560:
1514:
1510:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1329:
1323:
1313:
1304:
1279:
1273:
1267:
1232:
1228:
1218:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1021:
1017:
1007:
972:
968:
958:
923:
919:
909:
884:
880:
874:
847:
842:
799:
795:
750:10.1038/4168
741:
737:
730:
697:
693:
653:
649:
643:
626:
559:
537:
530:
524:
518:
516:
507:Biosynthesis
471:bridge to Fe
406:
393:
384:
349:
301:
278:
257:cytochrome b
255:such as the
242:
212:) or by two
193:
176:
164:
152:
148:
139:
131:
116:
104:nitric oxide
76:chloroplasts
72:mitochondria
52:hydrogenases
19:
18:
1912:Hemerythrin
1896:Transferrin
1891:Lactoferrin
1606:(1): 2ā15.
1229:ChemBioChem
545:prokaryotic
461:hydrogenase
436:Nitrogenase
422:nitrogenase
420:cluster in
368:radical SAM
345:nitrogenase
285:ferredoxins
253:chloroplast
210:ferredoxins
96:lipoic acid
64:nitrogenase
44:ferredoxins
30:containing
4308:Categories
3804:oxyhalides
3079:disulfides
2607:Fe(II,III)
2104:Organoiron
866:1048090793
618:References
549:eukaryotic
529:and yeast
511:See also:
364:isocitrate
360:Lewis acid
326:) and (Fe
310:) and (Fe
228:and FeFe.
218:histidines
154:the metal
106:, forming
3017:Purported
2586:Fe(0,III)
1791:cite book
1533:0079-6107
1424:Chem. Rev
816:0002-7863
758:1072-8368
714:0020-1669
656:: 50ā58.
541:cytoplasm
456:clusters.
430:histidine
397:aconitase
356:aconitate
352:aconitase
214:cysteines
196:cysteinyl
88:aconitase
84:catalysis
3966:Sulfates
3933:Sulfites
3074:Sulfides
2916:ā
xFeā
yNH
2698:Fe(acac)
2139:Fe(0,II)
1879:Ferritin
1750:12039013
1657:10226040
1628:20714007
1620:10766431
1591:24758379
1493:24410527
1444:27933770
1348:15752985
1296:15952888
1259:32187824
1202:22002607
1151:22002606
1107:31570604
1048:35849738
999:24521136
950:32538623
901:17291766
834:20726554
774:22085836
722:12562183
670:24463764
612:Mitosome
596:See also
426:cysteine
216:and two
112:thiolate
24:proteins
4197:Co(SCN)
4078:NaAl(SO
3797:Sulfur
3689:halides
3687:Sulfur
2715:FeO(OH)
2642:Fe(III)
1981:Fe(-II)
1905:nonheme
1686:9667933
1582:4002152
1541:9785959
1484:3982595
1409:4506765
1377:Bibcode
1250:7317905
1210:4313414
1182:Bibcode
1159:4411671
1131:Bibcode
1098:6800375
1075:Bibcode
1039:9549741
990:4002135
941:8606229
825:2946794
766:9846876
520:E. coli
440:FeMocos
199:ligands
125:in the
32:sulfide
4066:KAl(SO
3799:oxides
2986:Fe(VI)
2965:Fe(IV)
2570:Fe(CO)
2554:Fe(CO)
2235:Fe(OH)
2202:Fe(ClO
2159:Fe(II)
2055:Fe(CO)
2023:Fe(CO)
2004:Fe(CO)
1992:Fe(CO)
1817:(MeSH)
1779:
1748:
1721:421685
1719:
1684:
1655:
1626:
1618:
1589:
1579:
1539:
1531:
1491:
1481:
1442:
1407:
1400:426959
1397:
1346:
1294:
1257:
1247:
1208:
1200:
1174:Nature
1157:
1149:
1123:Nature
1105:
1095:
1046:
1036:
997:
987:
948:
938:
899:
864:
854:
832:
822:
814:
772:
764:
756:
720:
712:
668:
634:
418:FeMoco
366:. In
245:Rieske
201:(in Fe
100:biotin
4158:Zr(SO
4114:Ti(SO
3276:CuFeS
3005:BaFeO
2856:Fe(SO
2706:FeOCl
2686:Fe(NO
2509:)(CO)
2362:FeTiO
2354:FeMoO
2330:Fe(BF
2294:Fe(NO
2286:FeSeO
2264:Fe(SO
2120:FeCO)
2087:Fe(I)
2016:Fe(0)
1624:S2CID
1206:S2CID
1155:S2CID
770:S2CID
4276:CHCl
4192:KSCN
4187:HSCN
4106:SrSO
4098:SnSO
4090:RaSO
4046:HgSO
3994:CuSO
3986:CaSO
3941:CdSO
3836:SOCl
3828:SOBr
3802:and
3467:PSCl
3414:NaHS
3271:CSTe
3266:CSSe
3076:and
2884:Fe(C
2864:Ā·12H
2840:Fe(N
2800:(SeO
2752:(CrO
2720:FePO
2665:FeCl
2657:FeBr
2598:FeGe
2593:FeSi
2518:Fe(C
2501:Fe(C
2485:Fe(C
2466:(CO)
2410:Fe(C
2390:Fe(C
2370:FeCO
2342:FeCr
2322:FeSi
2281:FeSe
2248:FeSO
2214:FeBr
2194:FeCl
2124:(CO)
2047:(CO)
2035:(CO)
1872:heme
1797:link
1777:ISBN
1764:link
1746:PMID
1717:PMID
1682:PMID
1653:PMID
1616:PMID
1587:PMID
1537:PMID
1529:ISSN
1489:PMID
1440:PMID
1405:PMID
1344:PMID
1292:PMID
1255:PMID
1198:PMID
1147:PMID
1103:PMID
1044:PMID
995:PMID
946:PMID
897:PMID
862:OCLC
852:ISBN
830:PMID
812:ISSN
762:PMID
754:ISSN
718:PMID
710:ISSN
666:PMID
632:ISBN
584:(SCH
562:Holm
523:and
448:and
428:and
243:The
220:(in
98:and
74:and
62:and
22:are
4146:(SO
4130:(SO
4034:(SO
4018:(SO
3852:SOF
3844:SOF
3737:SCl
3729:SCl
3709:SBr
3625:ZrS
3528:SeS
3518:TlS
3513:SrS
3508:SiS
3488:ReS
3483:PtS
3475:PSI
3459:PbS
3454:PbS
3437:NiS
3406:MoS
3398:MoS
3393:MgS
3388:LiS
3383:LaS
3357:HgS
3349:HfS
3335:GaS
3327:FeS
3322:EuS
3284:CuS
3249:CoS
3244:CeS
3239:CdS
3234:CaS
3185:BeS
3180:BaS
2997:FeO
2973:FeF
2943:FeO
2939:105
2828:(SO
2681:FeP
2673:FeF
2649:FeI
2526:P(C
2462:FeI
2446:FeC
2430:FeC
2378:FeC
2310:(PO
2272:Ā·6H
2256:(NH
2243:FeS
2230:FeO
2222:FeI
2186:FeF
2178:FeH
2166:FeH
2094:FeH
2063:COC
1738:doi
1707:doi
1674:doi
1645:doi
1608:doi
1577:PMC
1569:doi
1565:114
1519:doi
1479:PMC
1471:doi
1467:114
1432:doi
1428:116
1395:PMC
1385:doi
1334:doi
1284:doi
1245:PMC
1237:doi
1190:doi
1178:479
1139:doi
1127:479
1093:PMC
1083:doi
1071:116
1034:PMC
1026:doi
1022:122
985:PMC
977:doi
973:114
936:PMC
928:doi
924:120
889:doi
820:PMC
804:doi
800:132
746:doi
702:doi
658:doi
592:].
588:Ph)
543:of
442:().
92:SAM
4310::
4293:SN
4266:66
4262:32
4142:Yb
4126:Tm
4058:SO
4030:Eu
4014:Er
4006:SO
4002:Cs
3978:SO
3974:Ag
3953:SO
3920:SO
3892:SO
3880:SO
3820:SO
3812:SO
3773:SF
3767:10
3753:SF
3745:SF
3721:Cl
3701:Br
3659:Gd
3634:La
3601:Sm
3585:Sb
3573:Sb
3561:Sb
3553:WS
3545:WS
3523:VS
3496:Re
3432:HS
3428:NH
3419:Na
3362:In
3310:Er
3298:Dy
3254:Cr
3202:CS
3190:Bi
3156:Au
3147:Au
3135:As
3123:As
3111:As
3099:As
3087:Al
2930:54
2896:BF
2852:NH
2824:Fe
2812:Fe
2796:Fe
2784:Fe
2768:(C
2764:Fe
2748:Fe
2732:(P
2728:Fe
2626:Fe
2614:Fe
2456:14
2452:22
2448:12
2306:Fe
2174:Mg
2146:Fe
2112:(C
2059:CH
2049:12
2043:Fe
2031:Fe
2000:Na
1863::
1859:,
1793:}}
1789:{{
1760:}}
1756:{{
1744:.
1732:.
1715:.
1703:93
1701:.
1697:.
1680:.
1668:.
1651:.
1639:.
1622:.
1614:.
1602:.
1585:.
1575:.
1563:.
1559:.
1535:.
1527:.
1515:70
1513:.
1509:.
1487:.
1477:.
1465:.
1461:.
1438:.
1426:.
1403:.
1393:.
1383:.
1373:69
1371:.
1365:.
1342:.
1330:30
1328:.
1322:.
1290:.
1280:74
1278:.
1253:.
1243:.
1233:21
1231:.
1227:.
1204:.
1196:.
1188:.
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1153:.
1145:.
1137:.
1125:.
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1081:.
1069:.
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1020:.
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993:.
983:.
971:.
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885:32
883:.
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818:.
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794:.
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768:.
760:.
752:.
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716:.
708:.
698:42
696:.
692:.
678:^
664:.
654:19
652:.
576:Fe
566:Et
483:S)
347:.
162:.
129:.
58:,
54:,
50:,
4291:3
4289:H
4287:2
4285:C
4280:S
4278:3
4270:2
4268:S
4264:H
4260:C
4255:S
4253:4
4251:H
4249:4
4247:C
4241:3
4239:S
4237:6
4235:H
4233:2
4231:C
4226:S
4224:4
4222:H
4220:2
4218:C
4199:2
4164:2
4162:)
4160:4
4152:3
4150:)
4148:4
4144:2
4136:3
4134:)
4132:4
4128:2
4120:2
4118:)
4116:4
4108:4
4100:4
4092:4
4084:2
4082:)
4080:4
4072:2
4070:)
4068:4
4060:4
4056:2
4054:K
4048:4
4040:3
4038:)
4036:4
4032:2
4024:3
4022:)
4020:4
4016:2
4008:4
4004:2
3996:4
3988:4
3980:4
3976:2
3955:3
3951:2
3949:K
3943:3
3922:5
3918:2
3916:H
3910:7
3908:O
3906:2
3904:S
3902:2
3900:H
3894:4
3890:2
3888:H
3882:3
3878:2
3876:H
3870:6
3868:O
3866:3
3864:S
3862:2
3860:H
3854:4
3846:2
3838:2
3830:2
3822:3
3814:2
3787:2
3785:I
3783:2
3781:S
3775:6
3765:F
3763:2
3761:S
3755:4
3747:2
3739:4
3731:2
3723:2
3719:2
3717:S
3711:2
3703:2
3699:2
3697:S
3677:S
3673:2
3668:O
3664:2
3652:S
3648:2
3643:O
3639:2
3627:2
3619:3
3617:S
3615:2
3613:Y
3607:3
3605:S
3603:2
3595:3
3593:O
3591:3
3589:S
3587:4
3579:5
3577:S
3575:2
3567:3
3565:S
3563:2
3555:3
3547:2
3540:U
3538:2
3536:S
3530:2
3502:7
3500:S
3498:2
3490:2
3477:3
3469:3
3461:2
3448:x
3446:S
3444:4
3442:P
3430:4
3423:S
3421:2
3408:3
3400:2
3378:S
3376:2
3374:K
3368:3
3366:S
3364:2
3351:2
3344:S
3342:2
3340:H
3329:2
3316:3
3314:S
3312:2
3304:3
3302:S
3300:2
3293:S
3291:2
3289:D
3278:2
3260:3
3258:S
3256:2
3228:6
3226:S
3224:6
3222:C
3216:2
3214:S
3212:3
3210:C
3204:2
3196:3
3194:S
3192:2
3174:3
3172:S
3170:2
3168:B
3162:3
3160:S
3158:2
3151:S
3149:2
3141:4
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