61:
48:
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and this board disappeared to be replaced by the Mersey River Board, which was replaced in turn by the Mersey and Weaver River
Authority in 1965. In 1974 all the river authorities were merged into the Regional Water Authorities. Since then there has been a gradual improvement in water quality, and today wildlife is returning to the Irwell.
178:
facilities, and industrial concerns were told to use the best practical means of preventing pollution. In 1939 this body was superseded by the
Lancashire Rivers Board, but wartime conditions brought about further deterioration of the river. In 1951 the Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act was passed
173:
The waste from the industries along the Irwell polluted the river so heavily that by the 1850 it was virtually devoid of wildlife, however, since the late 19th century many attempts have made to improve the quality of the water. In 1891 the Mersey and Irwell Joint
Committee was formed. This body
149:
factories, mills and terraced hovels grew up along the river banks and the region became filled with cotton mills, coal mines, print works, bleach works, dye works, chemical works, paper works, in fact almost every kind of industry.
262:
is one of the largest public art initiatives and the longest sculpture trail in the UK. The trail consists of a scenically varied, 30-mile (48 km) walking route based on the well-established Irwell Valley Trail stretching from
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of the Irwell Valley. Ashclough, a 5.8 hectare (14.3 acre) site which comprises the steep banks of the river between
Prestolee and Little Lever, has been designated a
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530:
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Some industrial waste products, such as spoil from mining, or alkaloids from other industrial processes were disposed of locally. Caustic waste from the
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and its associated strata. Ashclough is a site of national importance for interpreting the coal measure paleogeography of Great
Britain.
224:
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299:"Exploring Greater Manchester - a fieldwork guide: The fluvioglacial gravel ridges of Salford and flooding on the River Irwell"
384:
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271:. Since 1987 over 30 pieces of public art have been commissioned from regional, national and international artists.
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166:. Although many of the smaller canals were abandoned with the coming of the railways, isolated sections of the
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epoch further shaped the landscape and then retreated, leaving behind deposits of sand, pebbles and
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162:. A number of canals were built to transport goods through the valley, the largest of which is the
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because of its geological interest, primarily because it is the best site in the area displaying
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plants, unique in what is predominantly an area of acidic soil. These plants, along with
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223:, have added much variety to the flora of the valley. Nob End was designated as a
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period when deposits of mud and sand were laid down. These later became beds of
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385:"Urban Regeneration in Manchester: Transforming the "Dark River Irwell""
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and has provided an ideal environment for a number of nationally rare
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still remain, and there are plans to restore it for leisure purposes.
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passes through the valley and the bridge at junction 16 (
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203:. The waste on both sites has since weathered-down to
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503:. Lancashire County Council. Archived from
322:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
64:A tributary of the Irwell flowing over the
823:
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600:
592:
121:Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)
962:Mountains and hills of Greater Manchester
449:. Greater Manchester Biodiversity Project
967:Industrial history of the United Kingdom
383:APEM Aquatic Scientists (October 2004).
75:Shallow seas covered most of south-east
40:runs through the valley, along with the
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246:is used as a summer roost for over 100
982:Geography of the Borough of Rossendale
537:. Public Art Southwest. Archived from
315:
174:ordered local authorities to provide
7:
531:"Case Study: Irwell Sculpture Trail"
297:Hindle, P.(1998) (21 August 2003).
225:Site of Special Scientific Interest
191:was dumped on at least two sites -
168:Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal
14:
501:Lancashire County Council website
472:. Highways Agency. Archived from
304:. Manchester Geographical Society
470:"M60 Irwell Valley Bridgeworks"
394:. Environment Agency. p. 5
1:
977:Valleys of Greater Manchester
154:was located in the valley at
373:Bracegirdle pp. 153–155
91:alternating with layers of
998:
338:"Ashclough citation sheet"
95:. There are also beds of
529:Morland, Joanna (2000).
497:"Irwell Sculpture Trail"
447:Habitat Action Plan 2009
215:garden escapees such as
415:"File SD 70/2: Nob End"
160:Lever Bank Bleach Works
260:Irwell Sculpture Trail
254:Irwell Sculpture Trail
142:
72:
52:
28:through the cities of
972:Valleys of Lancashire
624:Borough of Rossendale
392:Mersey Basin Campaign
164:Manchester Ship Canal
147:Industrial Revolution
138:
63:
50:
287:Bracegirdle pp 15,16
229:Local Nature Reserve
125:Ashcough Marine Band
117:fluvioglacial ridges
51:Course of the Irwell
26:Forest of Rossendale
574: /
438:Richardson, Derek.
267:to the moors above
199:and Lower Hinds in
81:Upper Carboniferous
896:Calf Hey Reservoir
195:, to the south of
152:Wet Earth Colliery
143:
140:Ladyshore Colliery
131:Industrial history
73:
53:
22:North West England
944:
943:
940:
939:
932:Rossendale Valley
834:Brown Wardle Hill
622:Geography of the
535:Public art online
364:Bracegirdle pp.19
205:calcium carbonate
97:New Red Sandstone
66:New Red Sandstone
24:extends from the
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917:Haslingden Grane
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248:Daubenton's bats
221:Himalayan balsam
176:sewage treatment
115:that formed the
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880:Whitewell Brook
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844:Hail Storm Hill
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510:on 13 June 2011
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189:Leblanc process
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99:and Manchester
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927:Musbury Valley
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578:53.66°N 2.31°W
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476:on 3 July 2008
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345:English Nature
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227:in 1988 and a
213:non-indigenous
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183:Local wildlife
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957:Irwell Valley
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922:Irwell Valley
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839:Hameldon Hill
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669:Crawshawbooth
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544:on 4 May 2008
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495:Anon (2008).
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265:Salford Quays
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217:giant hogweed
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18:Irwell Valley
921:
912:Alden Valley
865:River Irwell
785:Turn Village
583:53.66; -2.31
559:
546:. Retrieved
539:the original
534:
524:
512:. Retrieved
505:the original
500:
490:
478:. Retrieved
474:the original
463:
451:. Retrieved
446:
440:"Grasslands"
433:
421:. Retrieved
408:
396:. Retrieved
391:
378:
369:
360:
348:. Retrieved
344:
332:
306:. Retrieved
292:
283:
257:
233:
186:
172:
144:
113:boulder clay
74:
38:River Irwell
17:
15:
875:River Ogden
849:Musbury Tor
765:Sharneyford
755:Irwell Vale
694:Stacksteads
664:Broadclough
648:Rawtenstall
581: /
453:18 February
423:18 February
350:24 February
308:11 December
209:calcicolous
145:During the
109:Pleistocene
42:River Croal
951:Categories
889:Reservoirs
870:Limy Water
820:Topography
775:Strongstry
760:Loveclough
740:Cloughfold
735:Chatterton
643:Haslingden
275:References
89:sandstones
77:Lancashire
34:Manchester
858:Waterways
811:Whitworth
770:Shawforth
730:Britannia
725:Bent Gate
704:Whitworth
699:Waterfoot
689:Newchurch
679:Helmshore
674:Edenfield
231:in 2000.
93:gritstone
804:Parishes
780:Stubbins
750:Goodshaw
720:Balladen
657:Villages
318:cite web
105:glaciers
905:Valleys
713:Hamlets
566:53°40′N
398:4 April
244:Clifton
193:Nob End
156:Clifton
107:of the
103:. The
79:in the
70:Clifton
56:Geology
36:. The
30:Salford
569:2°19′W
548:17 May
542:(http)
514:17 May
508:(http)
480:29 May
468:Anon.
413:Anon.
197:Bolton
85:shales
827:Hills
790:Water
745:Cowpe
638:Bacup
631:Towns
443:(PDF)
418:(PDF)
388:(PDF)
341:(PDF)
302:(PDF)
269:Bacup
242:) in
101:Marls
795:Weir
684:Lumb
550:2008
516:2008
482:2008
455:2012
425:2012
400:2015
352:2007
324:link
310:2007
258:The
240:A666
234:The
219:and
201:Bury
87:and
32:and
16:The
236:M60
68:at
20:in
953::
533:.
499:.
445:.
390:.
343:.
320:}}
316:{{
250:.
44:.
615:e
608:t
601:v
552:.
518:.
484:.
457:.
427:.
402:.
354:.
326:)
312:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
