156:
City budget officials forced Anker to make $ 230 million in cuts, including the termination of 21,000 positions in the system, increasing class sizes and reducing much of the art, music and after-school programs that had previously been offered. The increased burdens on the remaining teachers led to
133:
As School
Chancellor, Anker oversaw the decentralization program that began in 1969 in which staffing choices in elementary and middle schools were made by a network of 32 community school boards. Often viewed as a steppingstone to political office or as an opportunity for patronage, Anker was often
109:
After being selected as
Chancellor and as desired by the board of education, Scribner chose Anker to fill the newly created position of deputy chancellor at an annual salary of $ 48,000, to give Scribner a senior aide and second-in-command with experience in the New York City system. Scribner's post
439:"Macchiarola, Koch Choice, Named Chancellor by Board of Education; City U. Official Elected After Heated Voting On Five Finalists Experience in Education Mayor Praises Selection Macchiarola, Koch's Choice, Is Named Chancellor by Board of Education Macchiarola Conciliatory Board Undecided at Outset"
26:, overseeing the largest school district in the United States at a time when control of schools was being transferred to local community school districts and when the fiscal crisis besetting the City of New York forced major staffing cuts. He had also served as Acting Chancellor in 1970 while the
129:
As had been widely expected, Anker was named as School
Chancellor in June 1973, with Samuel Polatnick as executive director of the Office of High Schools, Dr. Edythe J. Gaines atop the Office of Educational Planning and Support and Alfredo Mathew, Jr., as chief of the Office of School District
134:
at odds with the local boards, ultimately investigating charges of corruption or mismanagement in seven of the 32 local boards and using his powers to suspend board members or to override their actions. In one of his first confrontations, after dismissing the school board of
District 9 in the
105:
Described as an "answer man to any question anybody's got about the city's school system", Anker didn't know that his salary as Acting
Superintendent of Schools would be $ 48,000, and increase of almost $ 14,000 from his previous post as assistant superintendent. Anker's title was renamed to
141:
In
December 1974, Anker submitted a proposed $ 2.78 billion budget for the 1975-76 school year that would add more than $ 500 million in spending over the previous budget, which would be used to expand services for handicapped and non-English-speaking students. Anker resisted efforts by
168:
In an effort to more thoroughly integrate the city's high schools, Anker had the attendance zones of high schools in
Brooklyn modified to achieve a greater balance between white students and the increasing numbers of African American and Hispanic students, which resulted in further
420:"CITY SCHOOLS ASK FOR $ 2,78-BILLION, A RECORD BUDGET; More Help for Handicapped and Non-English-Speaking Pupils Is Suggested IMPROVEMENTS SOUGHT Anker Notes Fiscal Crisis, but He Asserts Children Are Not Expendable City Schools Ask a Record Budget of $ 2.78 Billion"
106:
Chancellor as of July 1, 1970, the same day that the 32 local school boards were to take office. Anker expressed concern that "decentralization is going to be a time-consuming and touchy job" and expressed fears that it could lead to all-white and all-black schools.
173:
from the city and its schools. The Board of
Education was charged in 1977 by the federal government, which claimed that the city's schools discriminated in the hiring of African American and Hispanic teachers and had improperly concentrated minority teachers in
358:"SCRIBNER TO QUIT; SAYS THAT BOARD DOESN'T WANT HIM; He Sees a 'Confidence Gap' in Failure to Renew His School Contract Fast DECISION IS A SURPRISE Monserrat Says Education Panel Planned to Act Next Month on Chancellor Scribner Resigns, Blaming City Board"
212:, Anker died at his home there at age 88 on June 12, 2000, of natural causes. He was survived by his wife, three daughters, a son and seven grandchildren. A product of the city school system himself, all three of his children attended city public schools.
149:
to cut services during the depths of New York City's fiscal crisis, saying that he was only requesting "enough money to make the schools as good as possible - not nearly enough to make them as good as they ought to be".
113:
Citing what he called a "confidence gap" with the Board of
Education, Scribner announced in December 1972 that he would leave his post as Chancellor when his three-year contract ended on June 30, 1973.
117:
Before going on a vacation (that would prove permanent) starting on April 1, 1973, Chancellor
Scribner named Anker to serve as Acting Chancellor until Scribner's contract expired on June 30. While the
201:
After departing the city schools, Anker became an educational consultant, in addition to teaching at a Florida community college and at the Graduate School of Education of
74:, the Board of Education named Anker to serve as Acting Superintendent until the position was filled. The Board had approached, and been turned down by, such notables as
457:
138:
and replacing it with a trustee he appointed, Anker faced a sit-in by parents who viewed Anker's actions as a racially motivated effort to undermine local control.
153:
In a time of belt tightening citywide, Anker said that "we cannot write off the children of New York City without calling into question every value we live by".
55:
193:
and deputy director of the New York State Emergency Financial Control Board for New York City; Anker would serve until his contract ended on June 30, 1978.
121:
had not decided on a replacement, Anker was seen as the most likely person to fill the spot on a permanent basis if the board's choice was an "insider".
376:
178:
schools. Anker implemented changes to expand hiring of minority teachers and to achieve a more even distribution of staffing around the school system.
573:
438:
319:
563:
553:
583:
568:
62:. Anker was named as an assistant superintendent in 1966 and was replaced as principal of Benjamin Franklin High School by Leonard F. Littwin.
357:
42:, his parents were Jewish immigrants who had received little formal education. A product of the New York City public schools, Anker attended
578:
262:
558:
395:
118:
27:
23:
515:
488:
95:
419:
158:
281:
300:
51:
232:
22:(October 27, 1911 – June 12, 2000) was an American educator and administrator who served from 1973 to 1978 as
47:
43:
71:
110:
in Vermont did not expire until September 1, 1970, and Anker remained as Acting Chancellor until that date.
202:
99:
462:
338:
548:
543:
190:
508:
498:
443:
424:
400:
381:
362:
343:
324:
305:
286:
267:
237:
91:
83:
39:
525:
186:
175:
143:
209:
87:
50:
and worked his way up through the school system, becoming chairman of social studies at
162:
537:
170:
79:
75:
46:, where he earned bachelor's and master's degrees. He started teaching in 1934 at
377:"Scribner Names Aide As Interim Chancellor; 1969 Law Cited Board Gets Memorandum"
102:, where he oversaw the implementation of a voluntary school integration program.
59:
146:
182:
70:
While searching for a permanent Superintendent of Schools in 1970 for
135:
458:"IRVING ANKER DIES AT AGE 88; SCHOOLS CHANCELLOR IN 1970S"
189:, a key Koch advisor who had been a vice president of the
181:
After taking office in January 1978 as Mayor of New York,
263:"Irving Anker Dies at 88; Led Schools in Time of Turmoil"
396:"Anker, as Expected, Is Named City School Chancellor"
320:"Scribner, Vermont Official, to Head City Schools"
161:, which ended when Anker agreed with UFT head
8:
428:, December 30, 1974; accessed July 28, 2010.
366:, December 22, 1972; accessed July 28, 2010.
241:, February 27, 1970; accessed July 28, 2010.
185:forced out Anker as Chancellor in favor of
157:a five-day strike in September 1975 by the
30:was searching for a permanent replacement.
472:
290:, August 21, 1966. Accessed July 28, 2010.
447:, April 18, 1978; accessed July 28, 2010.
385:, March 16, 1973; accessed July 28, 2010.
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
227:
225:
466:, June 14, 2000. Accessed July 28, 2010.
414:
412:
410:
404:, June 15, 1973; accessed July 28, 2010.
347:, July 23, 1970; accessed July 28, 2010.
328:, July 17, 1970; accessed July 28, 2010.
309:, June 19, 1970; accessed July 28, 2010.
271:, June 14, 2000. Accessed July 27, 2010.
282:"SEVEN HIGH SCHOOLS GET NEW PRINCIPALS"
221:
165:to cut 90 minutes from the school day.
301:"School Board Weighs 6 for Chancellor"
7:
38:He was born on October 27, 1911, in
516:Schools Chancellor of New York City
489:Schools Chancellor of New York City
233:"An Unfazed Educator; Irving Anker"
94:, who had been Commissioner of the
16:American educator and administrator
14:
574:New York City School Chancellors
119:New York City Board of Education
28:New York City Board of Education
24:New York City Schools Chancellor
564:City College of New York alumni
554:20th-century American educators
96:Vermont Department of Education
584:People from Red Hook, Brooklyn
569:Long Island University faculty
1:
159:United Federation of Teachers
56:Benjamin Franklin High School
66:Deputy and Acting Chancellor
52:Long Island City High School
579:People from Jamaica, Queens
600:
559:20th-century American Jews
98:and superintendent of the
522:
513:
505:
495:
486:
480:
475:
54:, and then principal of
48:Erasmus Hall High School
44:City College of New York
34:Early life and education
339:"Article 4 -- No Title"
203:Long Island University
100:Teaneck Public Schools
463:Daily News (New York)
191:CUNY Graduate Center
509:Harvey B. Scribner
499:Harvey B. Scribner
444:The New York Times
437:Chambers, Marcia.
425:The New York Times
401:The New York Times
382:The New York Times
363:The New York Times
344:The New York Times
325:The New York Times
306:The New York Times
287:The New York Times
268:The New York Times
238:The New York Times
92:Harvey B. Scribner
90:, before choosing
84:Arthur J. Goldberg
40:Red Hook, Brooklyn
532:
531:
526:Frank Macchiarola
523:Succeeded by
496:Succeeded by
476:Academic offices
261:Goodnough, Abby.
187:Frank Macchiarola
176:majority minority
144:Mayor of New York
591:
506:Preceded by
481:Preceded by
473:
467:
456:Shin, Paul H.B.
454:
448:
435:
429:
418:Buder, Leonard.
416:
405:
394:Buder, Leonard.
392:
386:
375:Buder, Leonard.
373:
367:
356:Buder, Leonard.
354:
348:
335:
329:
318:Buder, Leonard.
316:
310:
299:Buder, Leonard.
297:
291:
278:
272:
259:
242:
229:
599:
598:
594:
593:
592:
590:
589:
588:
534:
533:
528:
519:
511:
501:
492:
484:
471:
470:
455:
451:
436:
432:
417:
408:
393:
389:
374:
370:
355:
351:
336:
332:
317:
313:
298:
294:
279:
275:
260:
245:
230:
223:
218:
210:Jamaica, Queens
199:
127:
88:Sargent Shriver
68:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
597:
595:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
536:
535:
530:
529:
524:
521:
512:
507:
503:
502:
497:
494:
485:
482:
478:
477:
469:
468:
449:
430:
406:
387:
368:
349:
330:
311:
292:
273:
243:
231:Moran, Nancy.
220:
219:
217:
214:
208:A resident of
198:
195:
163:Albert Shanker
126:
123:
67:
64:
35:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
596:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
541:
539:
527:
518:
517:
510:
504:
500:
491:
490:
479:
474:
465:
464:
459:
453:
450:
446:
445:
440:
434:
431:
427:
426:
421:
415:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:
397:
391:
388:
384:
383:
378:
372:
369:
365:
364:
359:
353:
350:
346:
345:
340:
334:
331:
327:
326:
321:
315:
312:
308:
307:
302:
296:
293:
289:
288:
283:
277:
274:
270:
269:
264:
258:
256:
254:
252:
250:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
228:
226:
222:
215:
213:
211:
206:
204:
196:
194:
192:
188:
184:
179:
177:
172:
166:
164:
160:
154:
151:
148:
145:
139:
137:
131:
124:
122:
120:
115:
111:
107:
103:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
65:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
31:
29:
25:
21:
514:
487:
483:Nathan Brown
461:
452:
442:
433:
423:
399:
390:
380:
371:
361:
352:
342:
333:
323:
314:
304:
295:
285:
276:
266:
236:
207:
200:
180:
171:white flight
167:
155:
152:
140:
132:
128:
116:
112:
108:
104:
80:Ramsey Clark
76:Ralph Bunche
72:Nathan Brown
69:
37:
20:Irving Anker
19:
18:
549:2000 deaths
544:1911 births
60:East Harlem
538:Categories
520:1973-1978
216:References
125:Chancellor
147:Abe Beame
130:Affairs.
197:Personal
337:Staff.
280:Staff.
183:Ed Koch
493:1970
136:Bronx
86:and
58:in
540::
460:,
441:,
422:,
409:^
398:,
379:,
360:,
341:,
322:,
303:,
284:,
265:,
246:^
235:,
224:^
205:.
82:,
78:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.