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157:, including a reprint of an advertisement apparently placed by Thomas Dickins: "NEGROES WANTED. I will pay at all times the highest price in cash for all good negroes offered. I am buying for the Memphis and Louisiana markets, and can afford to pay, and will pay, as high as any trading man in this State. All those having negroes to sell will do well to give me a call at No. 210, corner of Sixth and Wash streets, St. Louis, Mo. Thos. Dickins."
494:
Jefferson's sister. Later, Isaac and
Cinderella's daughter Josephine Bolton married Thomas Dickins' son Samuel. Isaac and Cinderella's daughter Mary Louisa Bolton first married Thomas Dickins' son William. William Dickins died in 1863, and Mary Louisa Bolton Dickins remarried a man named Elijah C. Patterson, who was later charged (also tried and acquitted) as an accessory in attacks on the Thomas Dickins household on behalf of Wade Bolton.
132:, Bolton, Dickins and Co. sent agents to places where enslaved people were no longer needed, bought them, and forced them to move to markets where they could be sold for more money...Bolton, Dickens & Co. might buy 20 slaves from someone in St. Louis and sell them to someone in New Orleans; or buy 50 in Memphis and sell them in Vicksburg, Miss.; or buy 100 in Vicksburg and deliver them to Texas."
257: (equivalent to $ 8,477,778 in 2023) in slave sales in just one county in Mississippi. Court records include a claim that the firm had annual transactions "amounting in the aggregate to several millions of dollars". The partnership collapsed around 1857, but Washington Bolton (as an individual) was listed as a slave dealer in the 1860 Memphis city directory.
169:. Tourists on passing steamers—then the only method of traveling—invariably had their attention called to the large painted letters which adorned the riverside wall of their structure and which read "Bolton & Dickens slave dealers". The sign and the firm both figure in Mrs. Beecher Stowe's story of
817:
553:
has a full digital transcript made by
Shirley C. Neeley. Per the catalog notes, "Pages 1–38 are a day-to-day accounting by Isaac Bolton for the months of March and April 1865. Pages 39–79 list the names of slaves, purchase prices, etc. Pages 80–91 include entries for sale of slaves. Pages 92–99 are
497:
Jefferson Bolton died early in history of the business (late 1840s), but one of his surviving daughters married a half-first-cousin named John C. Bolton. John C. Bolton was a lawyer who took up for his wife Mary and her sisters' suit seeking their late father's share of the business; John C. Bolton
42:
NEGROES! NEGROES!! For sale, forty or fifty likely
Negroes for sale at our Negro Mart, on Adams street, consisting of men, women, boys and girls. We would say to our friends and the public, give us a call and examine our stock, for we have the right kind of negroes—and always deal in such. We have
493:
Wade and Isaac were brothers, and Wash and
Jefferson were brothers, and both sets of brothers were second cousins, both being descended from a Virginian named Charles Bolton (or Boulton), who lived 1700 to 1767. Also, Isaac L. Bolton married Cinderella Bolton, his second cousin and Washington and
489:
half a dozen people were shot or killed in relation to Bolton, Dickens & Co. business dispute beginning in 1856 and ending in 1870. One account claims 19 people were killed, six of whose names have been lost to history but were recently emancipated former slaves of the
Boltons and the Dickens
635:
One history, considered unreliable, suggests that Nathan
Bedford Forrest was trained by Bolton, Dickens & Co. but two university historians specializing in the history of slavery in Tennessee have not found any evidence validating this claim. Forrest seems to have had much closer to ties to
43:
two buyers now in the buying market—which will keep our stock replenished until the season closes in the spring. We would also say to those who wish to sell negroes, bring them to our market on Adams street, and they shall have value received, &c. BOLTON, DICKENS & CO. (
625:
The firm was Bolton & Dickens but the people seemed to use both
Dickens, like the writer, and Dickins, with two Is. It may be that advertisements placed by the Boltons misspelled Dickins as Dickens, while advertisements placed by Dickins misspelled Bolton as
173:
and many letter writers of the day referred and often commented severely upon it and Bolton and
Dickens had more than a national reputation. They had branch houses at New Orleans and elsewhere and their agents penetrated every section of the country south of
502:. John C. Bolton and Thomas Dickins were also apparently near neighbors who socialized. Also, apropos of nothing, Thomas Dickins' wife was born Martha Bolling Eppes Vaughn, and was first cousins twice removed to Thomas Jefferson's wife
458:
The firm's
Memphis slave jail was in a building that had formerly been the Herron House hotel. Herron House was first opened in 1843. Herron House was said to be a wood-frame structure "at Howard's Row (now Union Avenue) and
160:
Bolton, Dickens & Co. had an "immense slave pen at the foot of Howard Row on the river front" in
Memphis. An 1875 newspaper recounting of the family firm's rise and fall retold the history this way:
178:
in search of black people to supply the demands of their customers who embraced planters throughout the entire Southwest. Many persons and large sums of money were employed to aid them in their traffic.
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1719:
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The business firm known as Bolton & Dickens had their location in a conspicuous building situated on the bluff in front of the lower part of the city near the once famous
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83:"NEGROES FOR SALE. — I have again returned to this market, with 18 or 20 likely negroes. I have located on the corner of Main and Adams-streets. I have plough-boys, men,
444:
87:. I intend to keep a constant supply through the season, and will not be undersold by any in market. My motto is, 'the swift penny; the slow shilling' I never get.
112:. Wade H. Bolton, Isaac L. Bolton, Jefferson Bolton, Washington Bolton, and Thomas Dickins formed a business partnership, which continued until 1857. According to
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62:. Several principals of the firm eventually shot and killed one another as part of a long-running dispute over money, events known as the
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253: (equivalent to $ 33,911,111 in 2023). For the fiscal year 1856, Bolton, Dickens & Co. paid $ 1,875 in taxes on
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546:
538:
909:
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234:
207:
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175:
463:." In 1855 Bolton, Dickens & Co. bought the Lexington, Kentucky, slave jail that had previously belonged to
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was reportedly involved in shootouts with his second-cousin-once-removed Wade H. Bolton that broke out during
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families who were murdered by family "guards" as the most violent phase of the feud got underway in 1868.
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Highly networked and entrepreneurial, the ring expanded rapidly and eventually had Bolton & Dickens
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1432:
818:
A key to Uncle Tom's cabin: presenting the original facts and documents upon which the story is founded
754:
554:
transcriptions of correspondence and the last section includes newspaper articles and advertisements."
211:
117:
199:
121:
537: (equivalent to $ 6,540 in 2023). There are 68 names on just these two sheets of the ledger. (
38:
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128:; and Wade looked after the Memphis office." As one history put it, "To summarize the general
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761:(Reprint ed.). Westport, Conn.: Negro Universities Press. pp. 48, 215 (note 98).
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66:. A Bolton & Dickens account ledger survived the American Civil War and is a valuable
521:: "Negroes rec'd" from Wash Bolton, G.W. Babcock, et al. listed by name with columns for
34:
Bolton, Dickens & Co. advertisement in the Memphis, Tennessee, city directory of 1855
601:
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417:
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676:"Slave Dealers, Trading Companies, and their Product – Setting The Record Straight"
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989:"Taking Profits, Making Myths: The Slave Trading Career of Nathan Bedford Forrest"
812:
730:
84:
187:
1287:"Bolton College v. Wellborn, 4 Tenn. App. 399 | Casetext Search + Citator"
1676:"Bolton, Dickens and Company" at W. Caleb McDaniel, open-notebook history for
1660:
Marcinko, Cathy; Spencer, Lydia, eds. (June 2000). "The Bolton-Dickens Feud".
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For the fiscal year 1856, Bolton, Dickens & Co. paid $ 1,875 in taxes on
842:
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246:
215:
109:
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17:
237:("List of taxes collected from transient venders for the fiscal year 1856"
1678:
Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America
1092:
Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America
1004:
1065:"List of taxes collected from transient venders for the fiscal year 1856"
867:
https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069117/1903-03-23/ed-1/seq-3/
973:
949:
988:
245:
At their peak, presumably in 1856, the Bolton family reportedly had a
1511:"Seventh Tragedy: The Dickens–Bolton Family Feud Thrilling Chapter"
368:
Shot and killed by Tom Dickins; Dickins and son acquitted at trial
513:
443:
224:
134:
37:
29:
826:
785:"The rise of Memphis as a center for cotton and the slave trade"
576: – Slave auction house and commercial building in Tennessee
100:
Beginning in 1846, a clan by the name of Bolton began using the
1582:"Martha Bolling Eppes Vaughan - Female - 1808–1864 - LHKJ-27P"
1541:. Nashville, Tenn.: Southwestern publishing house. p. 70.
735:. Nashville, Tenn.: Southwestern publishing house. p. 70.
120:, "Dickins did much of the scouting around; Washington was at
147:
Bolton, Dickens & Co. make multiple brief appearances in
233: (equivalent to $ 8,477,778 in 2023) in slave sales in
90:"I will also pay the highest cash price for young negroes.
585: – Field of genealogy pertaining to African-Americans
1538:
The diary of an old lawyer: or, Scenes behind the curtain
813:"Chapter II: Mr. Haley & Chapter IV: The Slave Trade"
732:
The diary of an old lawyer: or, Scenes behind the curtain
545:
A company ledger dating from 1856 to 1858 is held at the
1040:
History Lover's Guide to Memphis & Shelby County, A
910:"Bolton, Dickens & Co. Record of Slaves, 1856-1858"
587:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
578:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1664:. No. 19. Memphis: Pastimes Press. pp. 2–11.
662:"Slavery and the Constitution. By William I. Bowditch"
1117:"Isaac Langston Bolton - Male - 1811–1864 - KZR6-T2Z"
755:"Chapter Two: Hire, Sale, Theft and Flight of Slaves"
1487:"Mary Louisa Bolton - Female - 1843–1873 - L2QC-7F8"
1609:"Bolton, Dickens & Co. account book, 1856–1858"
1263:"Wade Hampton Bolton - Male - 1812–1869 - LTYH-YK6"
569:Slave markets and slave jails in the United States
950:"Kentucky Slavery in the Last Ante Bellum Decade"
876:
874:
863:Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers
1214:"Jefferson Bolton - Male - 1816–1849 • GDCP-854"
1200:"Are the Bolton Thousands Cursed? (part 2 of 2)"
1182:"Are the Bolton Thousands Cursed? (part 1 of 2)"
108:, which is to say, buying and selling people as
1613:New York Historical Society Digital Collections
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
954:The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society
163:
81:
1325:"Thomas Dickins - Male - 1809–1870 • LHKJ-23K"
821:. Boston: J. P. Jewett & Co. p. 356.
1301:"Washington Bolton Male 1814–1860 • K8VP-11P"
564:Bolton High School (Tennessee) § History
8:
1695:Slave-trading companies of the United States
1720:1857 disestablishments in the United States
264:
186:in a number of American cities, including
85:women, and girls, and some very fancy ones
1463:"Charles Bolton Male 1700–1767 G7GM-YXQ"
1238:"In the Chancery Court of Memphis, Tenn"
640:than to the Bolton and Dickins families.
266:Principals of Bolton, Dickens & Co.
1559:. Jackson, Mississippi. Reprinted from
1188:. Memphis, Tenn. 1898-01-16. p. 17
1152:. Jackson, Mississippi. Reprinted from
1095:. Oxford University Press. p. 55.
653:
618:
1517:. Memphis, Tenn. 1869-07-27. p. 3
1407:"Hotel Charges Here Were Low in 1840s"
1043:. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 43–45.
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423:Shot and killed by person(s) unknown
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701:"Goodspeed History of Shelby Co. TN"
54:was a slave-trading business of the
1553:"The End of a Long and Bloody Feud"
1146:"The End of a Long and Bloody Feud"
783:Content, Contributed (2023-05-01).
607:Tennessee in the American Civil War
987:Huebner, Timothy S. (March 2023).
124:; Isaac spent most of his time at
25:
1089:McDaniel, W. Caleb (2019-08-07).
914:memphislibrary.contentdm.oclc.org
861:(Maysville, Ky.), 23 March 1903.
1715:1846 establishments in Tennessee
448:"Chancery Sale of Real Estate" (
1710:History of slavery in Tennessee
1705:19th-century American merchants
27:American slave-trading business
1382:"100 Years Ago - July 1, 1843"
592:List of American slave traders
139:"One Thousand Negroes Wanted"
1:
1700:History of Memphis, Tennessee
597:History of Memphis, Tennessee
379:
333:
325:
1637:cdm16694.contentdm.oclc.org
948:Turner, Wallace B. (1960).
886:The Daily Memphis Avalanche
865:. Lib. of Congress. page 3
547:New-York Historical Society
539:New-York Historical Society
533:. Average profit was about
1736:
1662:Old Shelby County Magazine
753:Mooney, Chase C. (1971) .
583:African-American genealogy
474:
435:Reuben Bartlett, St. Louis
398:
371:
347:
317:
289:
235:Warren County, Mississippi
154:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin
1413:. 1954-10-03. p. 103
1202:. 1898-01-16. p. 19.
519:1857 in the United States
104:and rail lines for slave
52:Bolton, Dickens & Co.
1443:2027/uga1.32108012572122
220:Jefferson City, Missouri
141:St. Louis Globe-Democrat
56:antebellum United States
1563:. 1870-08-02. p. 1
1557:The Semi-Weekly Clarion
1451:– via HathiTrust.
1388:. 1943-07-01. p. 6
1362:The Library of Congress
1244:. 1868-06-30. p. 4
1156:. 1870-08-02. p. 1
1150:The Semi-Weekly Clarion
1071:. 1858-05-15. p. 3
888:. 1875-07-30. p. 4
769:– via HathiTrust.
451:Daily Memphis Avalanche
933:: CS1 maint: others (
882:"A Dead Man's Dollars"
809:Stowe, Harriet Beecher
574:Nashville Market House
551:Memphis Public Library
542:
481:In what amounted to a
455:
242:
180:
176:Mason and Dixon's line
144:
98:
72:interstate slave trade
48:
35:
1535:Hallum, John (1895).
1434:A history of Kentucky
1411:The Commercial Appeal
1386:The Commercial Appeal
1186:The Commercial Appeal
1037:Patton, Bill (2020).
1005:10.1353/cwh.2023.0009
859:Daily public ledger.
729:Hallum, John (1895).
517:
447:
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149:Harriet Beecher Stowe
138:
47:, September 26, 1849)
41:
33:
1586:www.familysearch.org
1491:www.familysearch.org
1467:www.familysearch.org
1437:. pp. 197–199.
1358:"Image 54 of Copy 1"
1329:www.familysearch.org
1305:www.familysearch.org
1267:www.familysearch.org
1242:Memphis Evening Post
1218:www.familysearch.org
1121:www.familysearch.org
1069:Vicksburg Daily Whig
916:. Compiled by Shelly
789:www.elizabethton.com
759:Slavery in Tennessee
239:Vicksburg Daily Whig
118:slavery in Tennessee
93:"November 21, 1846.
680:Our Memphis History
477:Bolton–Dickens feud
391:Shelby Depot, Tenn.
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64:Bolton–Dickens feud
58:, headquartered in
45:Memphis Daily Eagle
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60:Memphis, Tennessee
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1561:Memphis Avalanche
1431:Clark, Thomas D.
1154:Memphis Avalanche
1102:978-0-19-084700-5
1050:978-1-4671-4237-3
993:Civil War History
500:legal depositions
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102:Mississippi River
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1184:. Part Three.
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116:'s history of
96:W. H. Bolton."
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18:Isaac Bolton
531:profit made
471:Family feud
440:Slave jails
383: 1814
376:Washington
337: 1849
329: 1816
280:Death date
277:Birth date
255:US$ 250,000
231:US$ 250,000
188:New Orleans
110:commodities
1689:Categories
1680:(rice.edu)
1642:2023-07-13
1618:2023-07-13
1591:2023-10-30
1567:2023-12-03
1521:2023-12-03
1496:2023-12-03
1472:2023-10-30
1448:2023-08-31
1417:2023-12-03
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1075:2023-12-20
920:2023-05-05
892:2023-10-29
794:2023-05-05
710:2023-07-13
686:2023-05-05
648:References
322:Jefferson
208:Charleston
1021:256599213
1013:1533-6271
966:0023-0243
843:21879838M
835:317690900
767:609222448
638:Byrd Hill
461:the river
308:Big Creek
261:Personnel
247:net worth
216:St. Louis
200:Lexington
192:Vicksburg
171:Uncle Tom
126:Vicksburg
122:Lexington
106:arbitrage
974:23374678
929:cite web
827:02004230
811:(1853).
558:See also
527:sold for
487:at least
400:Dickins
395:Unknown
344:Unknown
341:Unknown
204:Richmond
184:branches
626:Bolten.
535:US$ 200
403:Thomas
373:Bolton
349:Bolton
319:Bolton
291:Bolton
212:Natchez
70:on the
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549:. The
529:, and
430:Agents
274:First
218:, and
196:Mobile
1017:S2CID
970:JSTOR
613:Notes
387:1862
271:Last
1097:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1009:ISSN
962:ISSN
935:link
831:OCLC
823:LCCN
763:OCLC
523:cost
1439:hdl
1001:doi
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