1825:, a follower of Adam Smith, modified Smith's approach on this point by alleging that labour alone is the content of the exchange value of any good or service. While maintaining that all exchange value in commodities was derived directly from the hands of the people that made the commodity, Ricardo noted that only part of the exchange value of the commodity was paid to the worker who made the commodity. The other part of the value of this particular commodity was labour that was not paid to the worker—unpaid labour. This unpaid labour was retained by the owner of the means of production. In capitalist society, the capitalist owns the means of production and therefore the unpaid labour is retained by the capitalist as rent or as profit. The means of production means the site where the commodity is made, the raw products that are used in the production and the instruments or machines that are used for the production of the commodity.
1365:
50:
41:
1084:
1860:
an unskilled worker would be more valuable than the same commodity produced by the skilled worker. Marx pointed out, however, that in society at large, an average amount of time that was necessary to produce the commodity would arise. This average time necessary to produce the commodity Marx called the "socially necessary labour time". Socially necessary labour time was the proper basis on which to base the "exchange value" of a given commodity.
32:
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as lots of Europe and Asia faced heavy rebuilding. This cycle eventually peaked in 1951 and faded away in the early 70s. In the 1970s as world economies grew they needed more materials and energy to support expansion leading to increases in prices across the board. This boom came to an end as foreign
1859:
Prior to Marx, economists noted that the problem with using the "quantity of labour" to establish the value of commodities was that the time spent by an unskilled worker would be longer than the time spent on the same commodity by a skilled worker. Thus, under this analysis, the commodity produced by
1828:
However, not all commodities are reproducible nor were all commodities originally intended to be sold in the market. These priced goods are also treated as commodities, e.g. human labour-power, works of art and natural resources ("earth itself is an instrument of labour"), even though they may not be
1469:
There is a spectrum of commoditization, rather than a binary distinction of "commodity versus differentiable product". Few products have complete undifferentiability and hence fungibility; even electricity can be differentiated in the market based on its method of generation (e.g., fossil fuel, wind,
1880:
There have been four super cycles over the last 120 years worldwide. The first commodity super cycle started in late 1890 and was accelerated on the back of widespread U.S. industrialization and World War 1. In 1917 commodity prices peaked and then entered a downtrend to the 1930s. As war erupted in
1855:
All three of the above-mentioned economists rejected the theory that labour composed 100% of the exchange value of any commodity. In varying degrees, these economists turned to supply and demand to establish the price of commodities. Marx held that the "price" and the "value" of a commodity were not
1474:
lets a buyer opt (and pay more) for renewable methods if desired. Many products' degree of commoditization depends on the buyer's mentality and means. For example, milk, eggs, and notebook paper are not differentiated by many customers; for them, the product is fungible and lowest price is the main
1594:
were things of value, of uniform quality, that were produced in large quantities by many different producers; the items from each different producer were considered equivalent. On a commodity exchange, it is the underlying standard stated in the contract that defines the commodity, not any quality
1801:
became "commodities". According to Marx, commodities are defined as objects which are offered for sale or are "exchanged in a market". In the marketplace, where commodities are sold, "use value" is not helpful in facilitating the sale of commodities. Accordingly, in addition to having use value,
3773:
1763:
on inventories of commodities are not available from one common source, although data is available from various sources. Inventory data on 31 commodities was used in a 2006 study on the relationship between inventories and commodity futures risk premiums.
1856:
synonymous. Price of any commodity would vary according to the imbalance of supply to demand at any one period of time. The "value" of the same commodity would be consistent and would reflect the amount of labour value used to produce that commodity.
1872:. A Super Cycle will usually occur when there is large industrial and commercial change in a country or world that requires more resources to support the change. As prices rise, goods and services that rely on commodities rise with them.
1461:
is of equal value to a consumer no matter what company produces and markets it, and as such, multivitamins are now sold in bulk and are available at any supermarket with little brand differentiation. Following this trend,
2262:
1475:
decisive factor in the purchasing choice. Other customers take into consideration other factors besides price, such as environmental sustainability and animal welfare. To these customers, distinctions such as "
1890:. China was also in the beginning of their boom as industry and expansion took off. Workers moved into cities as emerging industries took off and offered a lots of new jobs and opportunities. In 2008 when the
1897:
The next or the fifth supercycle could arrive as the world enters the final phases of the COVID-19 pandemic and starts to build massive clean energy infrastructure in view of the commodity price increase.
1794:" to persons in this world, when they are found to be "necessary, useful or pleasant in life". "Use value" makes an object "an object of human wants", or "a means of subsistence in the widest sense".
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1310:; that is, the market treats their instances as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them. Karl Marx described this property as follows: "From the taste of
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and oil. Electricity has the particular characteristic that it is usually uneconomical to store, and must therefore be consumed as soon as it is produced.
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include something useful or valued and an alternative term for an economic good or service available for purchase in the market. In such standard works as
4841:
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1348:
The price of a commodity good is typically determined as a function of its market as a whole. Well-established physical commodities have actively traded
1145:
The price of a commodity good is typically determined as a function of its market as a whole: well-established physical commodities have actively traded
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4365:
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1881:
Europe in the late 1930s and eventually including the U.S. the world saw a new cycle begin. Countries were not just preparing for war but also the
1868:
Commodity Super Cycles are periods of time, around a decade, where commodities as a whole trade at a price that is greater than their long term
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134:
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investments fled as extractive industries became nationalized. The most recent of commodity super cycles began in 2000 as China joined the
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As society developed, people found that they could trade goods and services for other goods and services. At this stage, these
1345:, the user interface and the perceived quality. The demand for one type of stereo may be much larger than demand for another.
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of commodities, with low inventories typically leading to more volatile future prices and increasing the risk of a "
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2016:
1959:
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20:
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1724:
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occurs as a goods or services market loses differentiation across its supply base, often by the diffusion of the
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267:
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hit it put a halt onto the supercycle as GDP's across the world tanked leaving many economies in recessions.
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1949:
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are emerging from carrying premium profit margins for market participants to a status of commodification.
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1997:
1954:
1736:
1717:
1648:
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This is a list of companies trading globally in commodities, descending by size as of
October 28, 2011.
874:
756:
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636:
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604:
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491:
398:
359:
107:
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versus not" count toward differentiating brands of milk or eggs, and percentage of recycled content or
49:
40:
2263:"Infrastructure Investments in an Age of Austerity : The Pension and Sovereign Funds Perspective"
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326:
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197:
177:
1739:
allocate capital to non-listed assets such as a commodities and commodity-related infrastructure.
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and quantity. In addition, investors can gain passive exposure to the commodity markets through a
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1929:
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1471:
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1285:) meant variously "appropriate", "proper measure, time, or condition", and "advantage, benefit".
1201:
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Marx's analysis of the commodity is intended to help solve the problem of what establishes the
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necessary to acquire or produce it efficiently. As such, goods that formerly carried premium
1330:
are examples of commodity goods: their supply and demand are a part of one universal market.
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147:
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967:
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162:
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1802:
commodities must have an "exchange value"—a value that could be expressed in the market.
1097:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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Pricing in
Electricity Markets: A Mean Reverting Jump Diffusion Model with Seasonality
1786:, a commodity is an object or a good or service ("product" or "activity") produced by
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1265:, "amenity, convenience". Going further back, the French word derives from the Latin
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2329:(International Publishers: New York, 1967) p. 38 and "Capital" as contained in the
1964:
1805:
Prior to Marx, many economists debated as to what elements made up exchange value.
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1732:
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2292:
Gorton, GB; et al. (2007). "The
Fundamentals of Commodity Futures Returns".
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1755:" (inventory exhaustion). According to economist theorists, companies receive a
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treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who
100:
58:
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3912:
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2310:
Karl Marx, "Outlines of the
Critique of Political Economy" contained in the
2143:
1791:
1779:
1748:
1728:
1512:
1403:
1323:
1247:( 1954) 'commodity' serves as general term for an economic good or service.
1209:
1115:
481:
376:
74:
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markets. The wide availability of commodities typically leads to smaller
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70:
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2086:
Mas-Colell, Andreu, Michael D. Whinston, and
Jeffery R. Green (1995).
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3058:
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2773:
2733:
2728:
2718:
2125:
1457:
supplements as an example of commoditization; a 50 mg tablet of
1399:
1395:
1387:
1334:
1327:
1173:
2126:
Press cntrl-f to search for commodity vis- Ă -vis goods and services.
2104:
Press cntrl-f to search for commodity vis- Ă -vis goods and services.
1829:
produced specifically for the market, or be non-reproducible goods.
2636:
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1974:
1713:
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1502:
1376:
1363:
1342:
1311:
1213:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1158:
1123:
955:
117:
2529:"Commodity Price Supercycles: What are they and What lies ahead?"
3109:
3093:
3068:
2992:
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2955:
2940:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2883:
2783:
2527:
BĂĽyĂĽkĹźahin,Mo, Zmitrowicz, Bahattin,Kun, Konrad (January 2016).
2387:
Karl Marx, "Capital in
General: The Commodity" contained in the
2374:
Karl Marx, "Capital in
General: The Commodity" contained in the
1821:
and the costs of wear and tear on the instruments of husbandry.
1760:
1410:
1391:
1380:
1271:, meaning "suitability, convenience, advantage". The Latin word
1217:
1189:
4314:
3283:
2664:
2510:"Are We Witnessing the Start of A New Commodities Super Cycle?"
4038:
3088:
2813:
2788:
2753:
1259:
came into use in
English in the 15th century, from the French
1077:
561:
66:
4310:
1790:. Objects are external to man. However, some objects attain "
2496:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels: Volume 35
2466:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and
Frederick Engels: Volume 35
2406:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
2389:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29
2376:
Collected works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29
2350:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
2331:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 35
2312:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 28
2152:
Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels: Volume 29
3279:
1727:
their investments and mitigate the risks associated with
1701:, particularly if the division into pools matches demand
4115:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
2421:(Pelican Books: London, 1970) p. 131 and David Ricardo,
2235:"Corrected: Commodity Traders: The trillion dollar club"
1490:
count toward differentiating brands of notebook paper.
4705:
International Conference on Population and Development
2642:
Collection of current and historical commodities data
4758:
4683:
4635:
4614:
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4443:
4394:
4348:
4074:
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3317:
3189:
3173:
3137:
3102:
3041:
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2827:
2711:
2702:
2148:
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
1705:. These markets will quickly respond to changes in
2378:(International Publishers: New York, 1987) p. 269.
1157:and diminishes the importance of factors (such as
2333:(International Publishers: New York, 1996) p. 48.
2217:C. McGovern, "Commoditization of nanomaterials".
1778:In classical political economy and especially in
1916:or "commercially available off-the-shelf" (COTS)
1314:, it is not possible to tell who produced it, a
16:Fungible item produced to satisfy wants or needs
2611:"New commodity supercycle may benefit Mongolia"
2585:"Are We About To Enter A Commodity Supercycle?"
2192:Natasha Singer; Peter Lattman (15 March 2013).
1998:"Learn What Commodities Are in These Examples!"
1759:by holding inventories of certain commodities.
1277:(from which English gets other words including
1992:
1990:
1809:maintained that exchange value was made up of
4326:
3295:
2676:
2261:M. Nicolas Firzli & Vincent Bazi (2011).
1409:Energy commodities include electricity, gas,
1059:
8:
2563:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2479:Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
2449:Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
2423:Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
1368:World exports of cereals by main commodities
1130:, that specifically has full or substantial
4730:United Nations world population conferences
2656:Conceptual problems in commodity regulation
2464:, p. 179 and "Capital" as contained in the
1670:National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
1595:inherent in a specific producer's product.
4643:Population and housing censuses by country
4333:
4319:
4311:
3646:
3302:
3288:
3280:
2982:
2708:
2683:
2669:
2661:
2494:, p. 39 and "Capital" as contained in the
2348:, p. 87 and "Capital" as contained in the
1840:. This problem was extensively debated by
1306:that have full or partial but substantial
1066:
1052:
82:
4366:Estimates of historical world population
2481:(Pelican Books, London, 1971) pp. 56-58.
2451:(Pelican Books: London, 1971) pp. 56-58.
2404:p. 36 and "Capital" as contained in the
1986:
1660:Mercantile Exchange Nepal Limited (MEX)
85:
2556:
1655:Marché à Terme International de France
1588:In the original and simplified sense,
2578:
2576:
2574:
2438:(Pelican Books: London, 1970) p. 153.
7:
4799:
2425:(Pelican Books: 1971, London) p. 55.
4735:Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
2651:United Nations Human Rights Council
2267:Revue Analyse Financière, volume 41
2040:"What makes something a commodity?"
1676:National Commodity Exchange Limited
1494:Global commodities trading company
1375:are goods that are grown, such as
14:
4842:Commodities used as an investment
4627:Population and Development Review
2508:Spilker, Gregor (March 22, 202).
1439:have become commodities, such as
1318:, a French peasant or an English
1040:Business and economics portal
4811:
4810:
4798:
4675:Population concern organizations
4381:Projections of population growth
4282:
4281:
1940:Commodity market risk and values
1082:
1033:
48:
39:
30:
4776:Human impact on the environment
4710:Population Action International
2583:Brown, Randy (April 13, 2021).
2545:from the original on 2017-05-01
2194:"Workout Supplement Challenged"
2169:Economics: Principles in action
1695:Markets for trading commodities
1200:unspecialized products such as
4725:United Nations Population Fund
3847:Right of way (property access)
1208:. Popular commodities include
1:
3160:List of commodities exchanges
2167:; Steven M. Sheffrin (2004).
1784:critique of political economy
1688:Yiwu International Trade City
1605:Bourse Africa (formerly GBOT)
1337:systems have many aspects of
695:management information system
346:Chief human resources officer
1682:New York Mercantile Exchange
1333:Non-commodity items such as
689:Enterprise resource planning
517:Financial statement analysis
4847:Business intelligence terms
4750:World Population Foundation
4740:World Population Conference
4653:World population milestones
4153:Two Treatises of Government
3222:Commodity status of animals
3212:Commodification of the womb
2609:Levick, Ewen (2021-03-09).
2171:. Pearson / Prentice Hall.
1621:Chicago Mercantile Exchange
4863:
4622:Population and Environment
3269:List of traded commodities
2219:Nanotechnology Perceptions
2123:Elements of Pure Economics
2077:. Retrieved January 2022.
2064:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2017:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
1960:List of traded commodities
1771:
1731:debasement of currencies,
1643:Kansas City Board of Trade
1577:
1485:Forest Stewardship Council
1244:Elements of Pure Economics
1196:. Commodities can also be
21:Commodity (disambiguation)
18:
4794:
4532:Human population planning
4356:Demographics of the world
4277:
3649:
3264:
3207:Commodification of nature
3165:List of futures exchanges
2038:T., H. (3 January 2017).
1883:Aftermath of World War II
1774:Labour is not a commodity
1768:Commodification of labour
1627:Dalian Commodity Exchange
1508:Glencore International AG
1470:solar), in markets where
1360:Hard and soft commodities
1302:is used specifically for
1091:This article needs to be
351:Chief information officer
183:Limited liability company
73:infusions, are commodity
4537:Compulsory sterilization
4205:The Great Transformation
3563:Labor theory of property
3232:Heritage commodification
3217:Commodification of water
2099:Alfred Marshall (1920).
1914:Commercial off-the-shelf
1888:World Trade Organization
1664:Multi Commodity Exchange
364:Chief technology officer
298:Mergers and acquisitions
268:Constitutional documents
93:Management of a business
4479:Malthusian growth model
3774:Forest-dwelling (India)
3736:restraint on alienation
3516:Common good (economics)
2365:(Oxford, 1966) p. 1257.
2101:Principles of Economics
1876:History of Super Cycles
1850:Karl Rodbertus-Jagetzow
1441:generic pharmaceuticals
1339:product differentiation
1298:In economics, the term
1234:Principles of Economics
424:Environmental economics
404:International economics
355:Chief marketing officer
341:Chief financial officer
336:Chief operating officer
332:Chief executive officer
293:International trade law
87:Business administration
4606:Zero population growth
4601:Sustainable population
4525:Malthusian catastrophe
4484:Overshoot (population)
4361:Demographic transition
4213:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3987:Primitive accumulation
3842:Right of way (transit)
3627:Tragedy of the commons
3509:fictitious commodities
3227:Fictitious commodities
3181:Commodity Exchange Act
2514:institutional investor
2012:"Commodity definition"
1950:Commodity price shocks
1909:2000s commodities boom
1838:labour theory of value
1737:sovereign wealth funds
1615:Chicago Board of Trade
1528:Archer Daniels Midland
1369:
993:International business
978:Business judgment rule
323:Chief business officer
223:Annual general meeting
203:State-owned enterprise
193:Privately held company
69:(right), all used for
4715:Population Connection
4579:Mere addition paradox
4418:Physiological density
4266:The Wealth of Nations
4246:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4238:The Ethics of Liberty
2121:LĂ©on Walras ( 1954).
1955:Commodity price index
1864:Commodity Super Cycle
1718:commodity price index
1649:London Metal Exchange
1599:Commodities exchanges
1538:Mercuria Energy Group
1386:Hard commodities are
1367:
1223:Other definitions of
1164:Most commodities are
1161:) other than price.
669:Customer relationship
605:Business intelligence
567:Financial institution
542:International finance
492:Cash conversion cycle
399:Development economics
360:Chief product officer
108:Management accounting
4745:World Population Day
4700:Church of Euthanasia
4589:Non-identity problem
4564:Political demography
4520:Human overpopulation
4129:Progress and Poverty
3463:Common-pool resource
2273:on 17 September 2011
2088:Microeconomic Theory
1836:of goods, using the
1568:Rochel International
1558:Wilmar International
1426:intellectual capital
610:Business development
454:Economic development
216:Corporate governance
113:Financial accounting
19:For other uses, see
4594:Reproductive rights
4425:Population dynamics
4376:Population momentum
4252:The Social Contract
3940:population transfer
3857:prior-appropriation
3536:homestead principle
2998:Compressed hydrogen
2749:Frozen orange juice
2150:" contained in the
2068:commodity, def. 2a.
1935:Commodity fetishism
1925:Commodity (Marxism)
1548:Louis Dreyfus Group
1390:. Examples include
1168:, basic resources,
1020:Business statistics
1003:International trade
988:Business operations
684:Electronic business
589:Types of management
477:Financial statement
459:Economic statistics
327:Chief brand officer
283:Corporate liability
198:Sole proprietorship
178:Joint-stock company
4720:Population Matters
4435:Population pyramid
4413:Population density
4408:Population decline
4232:Murray N. Rothbard
3543:Free-rider problem
2929:Pork belly futures
2269:. . Archived from
2198:The New York Times
2165:O'Sullivan, Arthur
2131:2022-01-15 at the
2109:2022-01-14 at the
2073:2022-04-20 at the
1930:Commodity currency
1799:goods and services
1611:Derivatives (MDEX)
1563:Olam International
1450:The New York Times
1370:
1176:products, such as
983:Consumer behaviour
785:Product life-cycle
572:Capital management
537:Managerial finance
228:Board of directors
4824:
4823:
4695:7 Billion Actions
4569:Population ethics
4462:Carrying capacity
4371:Population growth
4308:
4307:
4219:What Is Property?
4012:human trafficking
3997:Regulatory taking
3872:
3871:
3617:Right to property
3277:
3276:
3133:
3132:
3042:Industrial metals
2974:
2973:
2492:Capital: Volume I
2462:Capital: Volume I
2436:Wealth of Nations
2419:Wealth of Nations
2402:Capital: Volume I
2345:Capital, Volume I
2326:Capital, Volume I
1757:convenience yield
1707:supply and demand
1112:
1111:
1076:
1075:
963:Business analysis
532:Corporate finance
502:Capital budgeting
439:Knowledge economy
233:Supervisory board
4854:
4814:
4813:
4802:
4801:
4771:Green Revolution
4552:Two-child policy
4547:One-child policy
4470:
4430:Population model
4386:World population
4335:
4328:
4321:
4312:
4285:
4284:
4189:John Stuart Mill
4109:Friedrich Engels
4090:Frédéric Bastiat
4083:
3935:Forced migration
3903:Collectivization
3647:
3526:First possession
3499:Bundle of rights
3304:
3297:
3290:
3281:
3155:Futures exchange
3150:Futures contract
3145:Commodity market
2983:
2979:Hard commodities
2709:
2704:Soft commodities
2685:
2678:
2671:
2662:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2569:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2544:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2432:
2426:
2415:
2409:
2398:
2392:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2366:
2359:
2353:
2340:
2334:
2321:
2315:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2231:
2225:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2161:
2155:
2141:
2135:
2119:
2113:
2097:
2091:
2090:, Oxford, p. 17.
2084:
2078:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1994:
1584:Commodity market
1580:Futures exchange
1533:Gunvor (company)
1523:Salam Investment
1479:versus not" or "
1447:. An article in
1373:Soft commodities
1107:
1104:
1098:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1038:
1037:
1015:Business process
557:Financial market
394:Labour economics
389:Public economics
148:Corporation sole
83:
52:
43:
34:
4862:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4851:
4827:
4826:
4825:
4820:
4790:
4754:
4688:
4686:
4679:
4631:
4610:
4559:Overconsumption
4542:Family planning
4499:
4493:
4466:
4450:
4447:
4439:
4401:
4398:
4390:
4344:
4339:
4309:
4304:
4273:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4020:husband-selling
3957:Illegal logging
3952:Illegal fishing
3881:
3868:
3779:Freedom to roam
3752:
3665:(agrarian land)
3638:
3595:Property rights
3487:
3444:
3406:Estate (landed)
3389:
3313:
3308:
3278:
3273:
3260:
3202:Commoditization
3197:Commodification
3185:
3169:
3129:
3103:Precious metals
3098:
3054:Aluminium alloy
3037:
2970:
2831:animal products
2829:
2823:
2698:
2696:commoditization
2689:
2633:
2628:
2619:
2617:
2615:Mongolia Weekly
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2555:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2489:
2485:
2477:David Ricardo,
2476:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2447:David Ricardo,
2446:
2442:
2433:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2399:
2395:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2369:
2360:
2356:
2341:
2337:
2322:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2224:(2010) 155–178.
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2142:
2138:
2133:Wayback Machine
2120:
2116:
2111:Wayback Machine
2098:
2094:
2085:
2081:
2075:Wayback Machine
2062:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1970:Standardization
1945:Commodity money
1920:Commodification
1904:
1892:Great Recession
1878:
1866:
1776:
1770:
1745:
1586:
1578:Main articles:
1576:
1574:Commodity trade
1496:
1422:Commoditization
1419:
1417:Commoditization
1362:
1296:
1294:Characteristics
1291:
1253:
1229:Alfred Marshall
1206:computer memory
1134:: that is, the
1122:is an economic
1108:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1072:
1032:
1025:
1024:
968:Business ethics
958:
948:
947:
888:
880:
879:
590:
582:
581:
577:Venture capital
507:Commercial bank
497:Insider dealing
472:
464:
463:
414:Planned economy
379:
369:
368:
313:
311:Corporate title
303:
302:
278:Corporate crime
258:
248:
247:
243:Audit committee
218:
208:
207:
163:Holding company
143:Corporate group
138:
131:Business entity
123:
122:
103:
81:
80:
79:
78:
55:
54:
53:
45:
44:
36:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4860:
4858:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4829:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4808:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4788:
4786:Sustainability
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4759:Related topics
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4650:
4648:Largest cities
4645:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4517:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4468:I = P × A  × T
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4290:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4139:
4137:Garrett Hardin
4134:
4133:
4132:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4106:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4086:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4009:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3908:Eminent domain
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3891:Bioprospecting
3887:
3885:
3883:redistribution
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3701:
3694:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3667:
3659:
3650:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3587:
3585:Natural rights
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3249:
3244:
3242:Exchange value
3239:
3237:Economic value
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2739:Cottonseed oil
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2715:
2713:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2639:
2632:
2631:External links
2629:
2627:
2626:
2601:
2570:
2536:Bank Of Canada
2519:
2500:
2483:
2470:
2453:
2440:
2427:
2410:
2393:
2380:
2367:
2354:
2335:
2316:
2303:
2284:
2253:
2243:. Oct 28, 2011
2226:
2210:
2184:
2177:
2156:
2136:
2114:
2092:
2079:
2056:
2030:
2003:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1877:
1874:
1870:moving average
1865:
1862:
1852:among others.
1834:economic value
1769:
1766:
1744:
1743:Inventory data
1741:
1692:
1691:
1685:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1633:Euronext.liffe
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1609:Bursa Malaysia
1606:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1495:
1492:
1418:
1415:
1361:
1358:
1341:, such as the
1304:economic goods
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1252:
1249:
1155:profit margins
1110:
1109:
1090:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1010:
1000:
998:Business model
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
959:
954:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
872:
867:
866:
865:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
829:
828:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
766:
765:
754:
749:
748:
747:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
716:
715:
707:Human resource
704:
699:
698:
697:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
649:Communications
646:
645:
644:
634:
633:
632:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
527:Public finance
524:
522:Financial risk
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
456:
451:
449:Macroeconomics
446:
444:Microeconomics
441:
436:
434:Market economy
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
380:
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
366:
357:
348:
343:
338:
329:
320:
314:
309:
308:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
290:
288:Insolvency law
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
263:Commercial law
259:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
240:
238:Advisory board
235:
230:
225:
219:
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
139:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
120:
115:
110:
104:
99:
98:
95:
94:
90:
89:
57:
56:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
28:
27:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4859:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4832:
4817:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Bennett's law
4764:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4687:organizations
4682:
4676:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4474:Kaya identity
4472:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:Categories:
4280:
4279:
4276:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4227:David Ricardo
4225:
4221:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4194:Elinor Ostrom
4192:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4073:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4037:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3992:Privatization
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3972:Legal plunder
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:Expropriation
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3657:(watercourse)
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:primogeniture
3598:
3597:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3580:Legal plunder
3578:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:appropriation
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Excludability
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:Miscellaneous
3188:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3138:Organizations
3136:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Feeder cattle
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2828:Animals &
2826:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2686:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2560:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2178:0-13-063085-3
2174:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2045:
2044:The Economist
2041:
2034:
2031:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1846:David Ricardo
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1824:
1823:David Ricardo
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:pension funds
1730:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1690:(Yiwu Market)
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:Bunge Limited
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1488:certification
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1472:energy choice
1467:
1465:
1464:nanomaterials
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:mass-produced
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:raw materials
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1106:
1094:
1089:
1080:
1079:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
973:Business plan
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
960:
957:
952:
951:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
903:Communication
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
884:
883:
876:
873:
871:
868:
864:
863:administrator
861:
860:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
827:
824:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
764:
761:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
746:
745:administrator
743:
742:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
714:
711:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
696:
693:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:Configuration
652:
650:
647:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
631:
628:
627:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
586:
585:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
468:
467:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
409:Mixed economy
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
381:
378:
373:
372:
365:
361:
358:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
333:
330:
328:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
312:
307:
306:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:Corporate law
252:
251:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
220:
217:
212:
211:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
140:
136:
132:
127:
126:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
105:
102:
97:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
76:
72:
68:
65:(middle) and
64:
60:
51:
42:
33:
22:
4803:
4615:Publications
4574:Antinatalism
4512:
4489:World3 model
4349:Major topics
4293:Property law
4264:
4250:
4236:
4217:
4203:
4199:Karl Polanyi
4179:
4175:Marcel Mauss
4165:
4151:
4142:David Harvey
4127:
4123:Henry George
4113:
4104:Ronald Coase
4094:
4079:
4025:wife selling
4007:bride buying
3945:repatriation
3927:
3878:Disposession
3832:
3721:Property law
3696:
3692:Forest types
3662:
3654:
3643:Applications
3573:rent-seeking
3558:Gift economy
3503:
3416:Intellectual
2924:Pork bellies
2919:Pet industry
2691:
2618:. Retrieved
2614:
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:
2547:. Retrieved
2535:
2522:
2513:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2473:
2465:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2435:
2434:Adam Smith,
2430:
2422:
2418:
2417:Adam Smith,
2413:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2388:
2383:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2311:
2306:
2287:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2266:
2256:
2245:. Retrieved
2238:
2229:
2221:
2218:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2197:
2187:
2168:
2159:
2151:
2139:
2122:
2117:
2100:
2095:
2087:
2082:
2063:
2059:
2047:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2015:
2006:
1965:Sample grade
1896:
1879:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1831:
1827:
1804:
1796:
1788:human labour
1777:
1746:
1729:inflationary
1723:In order to
1722:
1697:can be very
1693:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1497:
1468:
1455:multivitamin
1448:
1437:participants
1420:
1408:
1385:
1371:
1347:
1332:
1316:Russian serf
1299:
1297:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1243:
1233:
1224:
1222:
1170:agricultural
1163:
1144:
1126:, usually a
1119:
1113:
1100:
1092:
893:Architecture
887:Organization
853:Supply chain
679:Earned value
552:Stock market
429:Open economy
419:Econometrics
383:
158:Conglomerate
4837:Commodities
4498:Society and
4457:Biocapacity
4167:Das Kapital
4054:progressive
4044:inheritance
3967:Land reform
3741:real estate
3716:Land tenure
3704:Inheritance
3632:anticommons
3568:Law of rent
3548:Game theory
3478:Information
3458:Common land
3355:Cooperative
3018:Natural gas
3013:Heating oil
2889:Hide (skin)
2879:Live cattle
2804:Soybean oil
2692:Commodities
2490:Karl Marx,
2460:Karl Marx,
2400:Karl Marx,
2361:Aristotle,
2342:Karl Marx,
2323:Karl Marx,
1711:equilibrium
1709:to find an
1591:commodities
1543:Noble Group
1308:fungibility
1289:Description
1283:accommodate
1239:LĂ©on Walras
1237:(1920) and
1132:fungibility
1103:August 2024
1008:Trade route
923:Engineering
918:Development
770:Performance
713:development
674:Distributed
547:Liquidation
188:Partnership
173:Corporation
168:Cooperative
71:caffeinated
63:coffee bean
4831:Categories
4685:Events and
4500:population
4446:Population
4397:Population
4342:Population
4298:by country
4260:Adam Smith
4147:John Locke
3811:indigenous
3806:aboriginal
3726:alienation
3421:indigenous
3411:Intangible
3325:Collective
3074:Molybdenum
2769:Peanut oil
2620:2021-05-09
2247:2008-06-12
2049:22 January
1842:Adam Smith
1807:Adam Smith
1772:See also:
1445:DRAM chips
1354:derivative
1320:capitalist
1279:commodious
1268:commoditas
1159:brand name
1151:derivative
875:Technology
757:Operations
637:Commercial
630:innovation
620:Capability
512:Derivative
101:Accounting
75:cash crops
59:Yerba mate
4781:Migration
4658:6 billion
4161:Karl Marx
3962:Land Back
3913:Enclosure
3896:biopiracy
3834:Bergregal
3816:squatting
3590:Ownership
3504:Commodity
3483:Knowledge
3394:By nature
3350:Customary
3340:Community
3252:Use value
3115:Palladium
3049:Aluminium
3003:Crude oil
2966:Wool tops
2956:Whalebone
2839:Ambergris
2759:Olive oil
2594:April 28,
2468:, p. 189.
2391:, p. 269.
2154:, p. 270.
2144:Karl Marx
1792:use value
1780:Karl Marx
1749:inventory
1725:diversify
1699:efficient
1601:include:
1513:Trafigura
1481:cage free
1356:markets.
1324:Petroleum
1300:commodity
1262:commodité
1257:commodity
1255:The word
1251:Etymology
1225:commodity
1210:crude oil
1202:chemicals
1120:commodity
1116:economics
943:Structure
928:Hierarchy
848:Strategic
735:Materials
725:Knowledge
702:Financial
642:Marketing
487:Factoring
482:Insurance
384:Commodity
377:Economics
4816:Category
4584:Natalism
4507:Eugenics
4288:Property
4181:The Gift
4080:key work
4075:Scholars
4059:property
4016:spousal
3982:Poaching
3918:Eviction
3862:riparian
3823:Littoral
3731:easement
3709:executor
3680:literary
3605:usufruct
3553:Georgism
3433:Tangible
3428:Personal
3335:Communal
3318:By owner
3311:Property
3120:Platinum
2874:Lean Hog
2864:Feathers
2854:Cashmere
2779:Rapeseed
2774:Potatoes
2764:Palm oil
2744:Flaxseed
2559:cite web
2540:Archived
2498:, p. 49.
2408:, p. 46.
2363:Politica
2352:, p. 97.
2203:17 March
2129:Archived
2107:Archived
2071:Archived
1902:See also
1753:stockout
1703:segments
1274:commodus
1178:iron ore
1142:them.
1140:produced
1128:resource
933:Patterns
913:Conflict
898:Behavior
838:Security
815:Resource
800:Property
763:services
720:Incident
659:Conflict
615:Capacity
318:Chairman
273:Contract
61:(left),
4805:Commons
4448:ecology
4399:biology
4096:The Law
4002:Slavery
3828:Mineral
3796:Hunting
3789:pannage
3784:Grazing
3769:Fishing
3655:Acequia
3622:Rivalry
3610:women's
3468:Digital
3450:Commons
3385:Unowned
3360:Private
3256:utility
3033:Uranium
3028:Thorium
3023:Propane
3008:Ethanol
2946:Sponges
2844:Bristle
2799:Soybean
2712:General
2277:30 July
2240:Reuters
2023:30 July
1684:(NYMEX)
1672:(NCDEX)
1657:(MATIF)
1518:Cargill
1477:organic
1459:calcium
1430:margins
1093:updated
908:Culture
858:Systems
843:Service
822:
810:Records
805:Quality
795:Project
790:Product
780:Process
759:
740:Network
709:
691:
664:Content
471:Finance
153:Company
4515:genics
3977:Piracy
3929:Farhud
3757:Rights
3698:Huerta
3670:Estate
3492:Theory
3473:Global
3375:Social
3365:Public
3330:Common
3125:Silver
3079:Nickel
3064:Copper
3059:Cobalt
2986:Energy
2951:Tallow
2894:Horses
2849:Butter
2794:Rubber
2734:Cotton
2729:Coffee
2719:Barley
2646:Quandl
2589:Forbes
2549:May 2,
2298:996930
2296:
2175:
1819:labour
1815:profit
1678:(NCEL)
1645:(KCBT)
1617:(CBOT)
1453:cites
1434:market
1402:, and
1400:helium
1396:silver
1335:stereo
1328:copper
1216:, and
1186:grains
1174:mining
1136:market
870:Talent
826:crisis
752:Office
625:Change
4636:Lists
4066:Theft
3852:Water
3746:title
3675:legal
3663:Ejido
3401:Croft
3380:State
3345:Crown
3247:Price
3084:Steel
2936:Sheep
2899:Ivory
2884:Goats
2859:Civet
2819:Wheat
2809:Sugar
2724:Cocoa
2644:from
2543:(PDF)
2532:(PDF)
2314:, 80.
1982:Notes
1975:Trade
1714:price
1666:(MCX)
1651:(LME)
1637:LIFFE
1629:(DCE)
1623:(CME)
1503:Vitol
1388:mined
1379:, or
1377:wheat
1343:brand
1312:wheat
1194:wheat
1188:like
1184:, or
1182:sugar
1172:, or
956:Trade
938:Space
833:Sales
775:Power
730:Legal
600:Brand
595:Asset
118:Audit
4049:poll
4032:wage
3801:Land
3685:real
3438:real
3370:Self
3174:Laws
3110:Gold
3094:Zinc
3069:Lead
2993:Coal
2961:Wool
2941:Silk
2914:Musk
2909:Milk
2904:Lard
2784:Rice
2694:and
2596:2021
2565:link
2551:2021
2294:SSRN
2279:2011
2205:2013
2173:ISBN
2051:2020
2025:2018
1848:and
1811:rent
1761:Data
1747:The
1735:and
1582:and
1443:and
1432:for
1411:coal
1392:gold
1381:rice
1352:and
1350:spot
1326:and
1281:and
1241:'s
1218:gold
1214:corn
1204:and
1192:and
1190:rice
1149:and
1147:spot
1124:good
1118:, a
820:Risk
135:list
4513:Dys
4039:Tax
3764:Air
3089:Tin
2814:Tea
2789:Rye
2754:Oat
2146:, "
1782:'s
1404:oil
1322:."
1231:'s
1114:In
562:Tax
67:tea
4833::
2613:.
2587:.
2573:^
2561:}}
2557:{{
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2066:,
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