191:, after the forced expulsion of its members from Missouri. The Iowa land was called the Zarahemla Stake. Galland also sold Smith many acres on the Illinois side of the Mississippi River, in what was called the Military tract. The Military tract was land given to U.S. Soldiers who had fought in the War of 1812 but were paid in land instead of money. These soldiers sold, often for pennies on the dollar, their land claims to speculators like Galland. Galland then in turned sold land to the Latter-day Saints on extremely liberal payment terms. Smith renamed the settlement on the east side of the river
109:. He studied and practiced medicine among settlers, which is why he is referred to as "Doctor" Galland in some documents. He learned "several American Indian languages and gained the trust of the Indians, among whom he would live and trade for much of his life". He married his third wife, Hannah Kinney, on October 5, 1826. In 1827, they moved to a remote site on the eastern bank of the
144:. Galland served as a colonel during the war, and at age 41, married (for a fourth and last time) on April 25, 1833, Elizabeth Wilcox. She was the sister of the commanding officer at Fort Edwards. Galland ran for Illinois state representative in 1834, but lost. In about 1836, he sat for a portrait painted by
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Galland wrote a booklet called "Galland's Iowa
Emigrant", published in 1840. The preface of the 1950 reprint of this booklet states that "Dr. Isaac Galland ... arrived in what is now Lee County, Iowa in 1829, four years before permanent settlement began in Iowa. ... Despite its brevity, the booklet
51:, to the Western frontier. He was the second of five children. His siblings were Abel (March 9, 1787 – 1857), Matthew Jr. (1794–1812), David (May 10, 1795 – November 26, 1872), and Mary (Polly) (September 8, 1798 – April 27, 1870). Shortly after his birth, his family relocated to land near
416:
Isaac
Galland, "Galland's Iowa Emigrant: Containing a Map and General Descriptions of Iowa Territory", (Chillicothe: Wm. C. Jones, 1840) Reprinted in 1950 by the State Historical Society of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, with the addition of an Historical Introduction by William J.
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Two years later, in 1829, Galland sold his post and moved across the river arriving in unorganized U.S. territory, four years before permanent settlement began in Iowa. He established the settlement of
Nashville on the west bank of the Mississippi River in what is now
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125:, where he practiced medicine and founded a trading post. He promoted Nashville as a future commercial center and when families joined the settlement, Galland hired a teacher and built a log house founding the first school in a what would become
218:. He also served as Smith's secretary for over a year. Within that capacity he transcribed Smith's "'revelations' ... and he came to the conclusion that the prophet's claim to supernatural powers was a fraud." In 1840, he published
59:. "The remote location of the Galland homestead did not hinder Isaac's education, since his mother, an educated woman, took on the responsibility of teaching him as much as she could until he was thirteen."
233:. In 1851, at age 60, Galland ran for the Iowa state legislature, but again lost. His land transactions were scrutinized, and he decided to leave "until his legal difficulties were resolved".
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In the winter of 1838–39, Galland moved from Fort
Edwards to Commerce. He lived with his family "in a large, two-story house" and while there, self-published five issues of the periodical
152:, the same year that he ran for the Illinois state senate. His political opponent accused him of dishonest land dealings and Galland lost again. Galland speculated with land in the
160:, which was designated for families of white traders who took Indian wives, so the legality of his land titles were questionable. In 1837, he platted the original town of
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70:, Virginia, when he was thirteen; some sources indicate that he left home to search for gold in Mexico, was seized by the Spanish government, and spent one year in a
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27:(May 15, 1791 – September 27, 1858) was a merchant, postmaster, land speculator, and doctor. He is best known for selling large tracts of land around
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Nelson C. Roberts and Dr. S. W. Moorhead, eds. Story of Lee County Iowa. Vol. I. (Chicago: S. J. Clarke
Publishing Company, 1914), p. 308.
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Isaac
Galland c. 1850. Anonymous photographer. The Caleb Forbes Davis Collection, Keokuk Savings Bank and Trust Company, Keokuk, Iowa.
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Although little is known of his teenage life before his marriage at 18, according to family tradition, he left
Marietta to study at
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Ellwood C. Parry III, "Bingham
Portrait Rediscovered in Midwest." American Art Journal, Vol. 12, No. 3 (Summer, 1980), pp. 75–76
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Around 1842, Galland withdrew from the church and moved west across the river a second time. From 1842 to 1853 he resided in
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Dr. Galland's Reply to
Various Falsehoods, Misstatements, and Misrepresentations Concerning the LDS's Reproach called Mormons
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The Church
Historian's Press (Church History Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints)
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to encourage development. He bought land across the river in Illinois and "laid out the town of Commerce".
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has the advantage of closer personal observation and longer perspective than" other early works.
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505:, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University
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183:. He sold the town and 19,000 acres of land in the Half-Breed Tract of Iowa to
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on May 15, 1791, to Matthew Galland and Hannah Fenno during their move from
168:) with David W. Kilbourne. The same year, Galland founded the newspapers
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Galland left both women behind when he traveled down the Ohio River to
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Personalities in the Doctrine and Covenants and Joseph Smith–History
136:, Galland moved himself and his children back across the river to
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to promote immigration to the Iowa Territory. He then published
248:. He died there at the age of 67 years on September 27, 1858.
402:. American Art Journal 12, no. 3 (Summer, 1980): 76-78.
287:. Salt Lake City, Utah: Hawkes Publishing. p. 42.
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to New Jersey and Pennsylvania and traveled east with
370:"The Joseph Smith Papers: Biography of Isaac Galland"
82:Galland married Nancy Harris on March 22, 1811, in
195:and encouraged Latter-day Saints to settle there.
400:A Biographical Sketch of Galland, Bingham Sitter
100:Horselick Grove (later Hancock County), Illinois
200:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
189:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
33:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
244:, only to return three years later in 1856 to
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376:. Intellectual Reserve, Inc. Archived from
113:at Yellow Banks, the site of present-day
534:History of the Latter Day Saint movement
454:"Isaac Galland: Both Sides of the River"
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198:In July 1839, Galland was baptized into
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503:Hancock County (Ill.) legal instruments
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181:Chronicles of the North American Savage
117:, where he established a trading post.
74:prison for "suspicion of evil design."
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574:Land speculation in the United States
554:American people of the Black Hawk War
132:In 1832, before the beginning of the
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333:The Biographical Dictionary of Iowa
544:People from Somerset, Pennsylvania
327:Bonney, Margaret Atherton (2009).
98:, shortly thereafter. He moved to
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490:L. Tom Perry Special Collections
486:Hancock County (Ill.) deposition
214:to raise money to construct the
174:Herald of the Upper Mississippi
150:State Historical Museum of Iowa
148:, now in the collection of the
64:The College of William and Mary
55:, which was located in Ohio's
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559:Doctrine and Covenants people
467:(2 fall): 3–9. Archived from
569:People from Warsaw, Illinois
539:People from Nauvoo, Illinois
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335:. University of Iowa Press
281:McCune, George M. (1991).
236:In 1853, Galland moved to
158:Lee County, Iowa Territory
88:Washington County, Indiana
78:Adult life and relocations
240:, eventually settling in
529:Former Latter Day Saints
498:Brigham Young University
220:Galland's Iowa Emigrant
238:Sacramento, California
231:Keokuk, Iowa Territory
96:Edgar County, Illinois
45:Somerset, Pennsylvania
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564:Converts to Mormonism
494:Harold B. Lee Library
474:on November 25, 2010.
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398:Margaret A. Bonney,
242:Petaluma, California
146:George Caleb Bingham
92:Owen County, Indiana
84:Madison County, Ohio
43:Galland was born in
166:Wisconsin Territory
450:Susan Easton Black
380:on January 5, 2012
170:Western Adventurer
29:Commerce, Illinois
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115:Oquawka, Illinois
111:Mississippi River
107:Indiana Territory
49:Norfolk, Virginia
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127:Iowa Territory
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382:. Retrieved
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337:. Retrieved
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246:Fort Madison
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206:. He served
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162:Keokuk, Iowa
138:Fort Edwards
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68:Williamsburg
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524:1858 deaths
519:1791 births
339:21 February
252:Publication
212:Hyrum Smith
102:, in 1824.
513:Categories
384:January 6,
261:References
39:Early life
417:Petersen.
164:(then in
35:in 1839.
452:(1996).
208:missions
72:Santa Fe
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193:Nauvoo
472:(PDF)
457:(PDF)
204:elder
31:, to
386:2012
341:2015
289:ISBN
172:and
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66:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
