815:, where their daughter Irene is interred. The first wife of Isaac II is usually considered to be a Byzantine noblewoman of unknown name. In an Italian edition of the chronicle of Nicetas Choniates "Greatness and catastrophe of Byzantium" can be found an interesting note to the XIV Book. The names of Isaac II's first wife and eldest daughter, unknown from Byzantine sources, are found in an obituary in the Cathedral of Speyer, the pantheon of German kings. Here, the wife of Philip of Swabia is said to be the daughter of Isaac and Irene (there is reference to the following article: R. Hiestand, Die erste Ehe Isaaks II. Angelos und seine Kinder, in Jahrbuch der Osterreichischen Byzantinisk, XLVII 1997 pp. 199–208). This Irene could be identified with the daughter of George Paleologus Ducas Comnenus and wife Aspae, Bagratiid Princess of Ossetia; the son of this one, Andronicus Paleologus Comnenoducas is known as gambrox (
414:
893:
51:
615:. But Isaac was suspicious that Barbarossa wished to conquer Byzantium: the reasons for this suspicious attitude were the diplomatic contact of Frederick with the Bulgarians and the Serbians, foes of the Byzantine Empire during this period, and also Barbarossa's previous feud with Manuel. The rumors of 1160s about a German invasion in the Byzantine Empire were still remembered in the Byzantine court during Isaac's reign. In retaliation Barbarossa's army occupied the city of
467:. Andronikos was a capable ruler in some ways but was hated for his cruelty and his efforts to keep the aristocracy obedient. Isaac appealed to the populace, and a tumult arose that spread rapidly over the whole city. When Andronikos returned he found that he had lost popular support, and that Isaac had been proclaimed emperor. Andronikos attempted to flee by boat but was apprehended. Isaac handed him over to the people of the city, and he was killed on 12 September 1185.
620:
caught them unprepared and defeated them. Thus compelled by force of arms, Isaac II was forced to fulfill his engagements in 1190, when he released imprisoned German emissaries who were held in
Constantinople, and exchanged hostages with Barbarossa, as a guarantee that the crusaders would not sack local settlements until they departed the Byzantine territory. In March 1190, Barbarossa left
819:) of Isaac II. Isaac's wife was possibly daughter of Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (died 1185). A potential foreign origin is also given to her due to having the same name as her daughter, contrary to long-standing Greek custom. Their third child was born in 1182 or 1183 and she was dead or divorced by 1185, when Isaac remarried. Their children were:
758:
Isaac has the reputation as one of the most unsuccessful rulers to occupy the
Byzantine throne. Surrounded by a crowd of slaves, mistresses, and flatterers, he permitted his empire to be administered by unworthy favourites, while he squandered the money wrung from his provinces on costly buildings
619:
and defeated a
Byzantine army of 3,000 men that attempted to recapture the city. The Byzantine troops managed to constantly and successfully harass the Crusaders but a group of Armenians revealed to the Germans the strategic plan of the Byzantines. The Crusaders, who outnumbered the Byzantines,
669:, the Emperor's older brother, taking advantage of Isaac's absence from camp on a hunting expedition, proclaimed himself emperor and was readily recognised by the soldiers as Emperor Alexios III on 8 (or 9) April. Alexios then canceled the expedition and ordered Isaac to be
596:, in which the Venetian Republic would provide between 40 and 100 galleys at six months' notice in exchange for favorable trading concessions. Because each Venetian galley was manned by 140 oarsmen, there were about 18,000 Venetians still in the Empire even after
592:, the victor over the Normans, was sent against the Bulgarians but turned his arms against his master and attempted to seize Constantinople, only to be defeated and slain by Isaac's brother-in-law Conrad of Montferrat. Also in 1187 an agreement was made with
692:
Heavily beholden to the crusaders, Alexios IV was unable to meet his obligations and his vacillation caused him to lose the support of both his crusader allies and his subjects. At the end of
January 1204 the influential court official
742:, where he proceeded to incite a mob. Eventually captured, he was suspended in the air and tortured in order to obtain the names of his accomplices. His internal organs suffered severe damage and he died the next day.
3216:
542:
with 80,000 men and 200 ships towards the end of
Andronikos I's reign. Elsewhere Isaac's policy was less successful. In late 1185, he sent a fleet of 80 galleys to liberate his brother
1656:
700:
took advantage of riots in the capital to imprison
Alexios IV and seize the throne as Alexios V. At this point Isaac II died, allegedly of shock, while Alexios IV was strangled.
487:. Hungary was one of the Empire's largest and most powerful neighbours, and Margaret also had the benefit of high aristocratic descent, being related to the royal families of
558:, thanks to Norman interference. This fleet was misinterpreted by many in the Holy Land as naval support for the Muslim offensive in accordance with Isaac's alliance with
413:
1540:
1424:
1411:
Burkhardt, Stefan (2016). "Between empires: South-eastern Europe and the two Roman
Empires in the Middle Ages". In Jaritz, Gerhard; Szende, Katalin (eds.).
1025:
475:
Isaac II Angelos strengthened his position as emperor with dynastic marriages in 1185 and 1186. Isaac's sister
Theodora was married to the Italian marquis
603:
The
Emperor's attention was next demanded in the east, where several claimants to the throne successively rose and fell. In 1189 the Holy Roman Emperor
3211:
670:
3206:
3186:
3181:
1807:
384:
2332:
3126:
2994:
1488:
2339:
1461:
562:. However the theory of a supposed alliance between Isaac and Saladin against the Third Crusade has been discredited by modern research.
2962:
1265:
929:
862:
Manuel
Angelos (b. after 1195 – d. 1212), he was evidently the elder son, being contemplated in 1205 to ascend the Byzantine throne
685:
and the flight of Alexios III from the capital. Both his mind and body had been enfeebled by his blindness and confinement, and his son
433:
120:
1378:
1183:
1137:
418:
1631:
1529:
657:, against which Isaac led several expeditions in person. In spite of their promising start these ventures had little effect, and on
1642:
1299:"2 months and 16 days". Regnal dates for these emperors are calculated reckoning from the fall of Constantinople on 12 April 1204.
2928:
2911:
2738:
2726:
681:
In 1203, after eight years of captivity, Isaac II was raised from the dungeon to the throne once more after the arrival of the
604:
508:
2899:
2691:
2653:
2613:
2580:
1520:
1434:
3159:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
410:
described Isaac's physical appearance: "He had a ruddy complexion and red hair, was of average height and robust in body".
3114:
2940:
2767:
2733:
2697:
2586:
662:
1541:"On the attack of the Hungarian king Bela III on Serbia in light of the letter of emperor Isaac II to pope Celestine III"
3191:
2755:
1800:
665:
in 1194. Isaac organized yet another offensive against Bulgaria in 1195 in cooperation with the Kingdom of Hungary, but
636:
460:
1552:
2836:
2515:
1981:
1125:
749:. Though they managed to escape detection for some considerable time, he was informed against, captured, and blinded.
3146:
3102:
3080:
3031:
2918:
2709:
2478:
1820:
1734:
569:, who became virtually a co-emperor and handled all civil government until his death in 1193; and his replacement,
550:, but the fleet was destroyed by the Normans of Sicily. He then sent a fleet of 70 ships, but it failed to recover
50:
41:
3053:
3021:
2846:
2026:
1623:
924:
577:
570:
380:
372:
303:
293:
3176:
3063:
3016:
2563:
2210:
555:
2871:
2851:
2625:
2505:
1793:
1256:
898:
780:
776:
581:
3141:
3120:
3026:
1816:
906:
865:
708:
Several pretenders rose up and attempted to wrest the throne from Isaac during his reign. These included:
616:
484:
428:
244:
3075:
3070:
3046:
3041:
2957:
2794:
2782:
2553:
2178:
1727:
735:
566:
535:
441:
361:
340:
93:
877:
1493:
Harris, Jonathan, 'Collusion with the infidel as a pretext for military action against Byzantium', in
1087:
3201:
3196:
3058:
3006:
2866:
2841:
2806:
2721:
2635:
2485:
2316:
1785:
784:
576:
The oppressiveness of his taxes, increased to pay his armies and finance his marriage, resulted in a
531:
476:
1679:
1561:
661:
in 1190 Isaac barely escaped with his life. The Byzantines suffered yet another major defeat in the
2989:
2974:
2952:
2887:
2876:
2831:
2777:
2267:
2205:
2168:
1744:
1284:
1040:
Brand, Charles M. (1962). "The Byzantines and Saladin, 1185–1192: Opponents of the Third Crusade".
1019:
855:
837:
666:
543:
480:
198:
103:
3036:
2979:
2923:
2905:
2894:
2856:
2826:
2704:
2422:
2326:
2076:
2045:
2038:
1766:
1590:
1065:
1057:
847:
844:. Isaac is the ancestor of all European monarchs now reigning through Irene's children by Philip.
717:
686:
388:
357:
239:
145:
56:
3001:
2947:
2788:
2686:
2661:
2510:
2372:
2108:
2093:
1971:
1939:
1698:
1660:
1627:
1525:
1515:
1484:
1457:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1399:
1391:
1374:
1280:
1189:
1179:
1143:
1133:
1107:
731:. Initially he had some success, but before long he was seized, blinded, and cast into prison.
722:
658:
650:
By 1196, Isaac II had allowed the once powerful Byzantine navy to decline to only 30 galleys.
597:
527:
500:
492:
407:
353:
221:
73:
1350:
1339:. Translated by Eva Palmai. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2002, pp. 99–100.
383:(c. 1125 – aft. 1195). Andronikos Doukas Angelos was the son of Constantine Angelos and
3131:
3108:
3011:
2984:
2935:
2861:
2821:
2811:
2536:
2463:
2433:
2296:
2251:
2246:
2118:
1613:
1099:
1049:
841:
812:
694:
612:
504:
133:
2772:
2762:
2671:
2458:
2366:
2354:
2348:
2200:
2021:
1991:
1934:
1914:
1576:
1413:
Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective: From Frontier to Lands in Focus
933:
827:
823:
463:
moved to arrest Isaac. Isaac killed Hagiochristophorites and took refuge in the church of
229:
64:
1562:"On Hungarian-Serbian Relations in the Thirteenth Century: John Angelos and Queen Jelena"
452:. Atypically, the Emperor did not punish him for this disloyalty, and Isaac remained at
2666:
2630:
2575:
2468:
2391:
2289:
2283:
2215:
2195:
1949:
1909:
1352:
The Princes of Achaia and the Chronicles of Morea: A Study of Greece in the Middle Ages
873:
833:
746:
745:
Constantine Tatikios – secretly established a group of 500 individuals who hid in
712:
682:
589:
512:
488:
453:
392:
329:
313:
234:
169:
3170:
3136:
3096:
2640:
2448:
2256:
1069:
1014:
608:
449:
2881:
2676:
2608:
2603:
2593:
2416:
2278:
1919:
1103:
739:
640:
585:
547:
464:
459:
On 11 September 1185, while Andronikos was absent from the capital, his lieutenant
422:
1606:"The Medieval Russian Account of the Fourth Crusade – A New Annotated Translation"
1617:
1594:
1580:
811:
Isaac II's first wife's name, Herina (i.e., Irene), is found on the necrology of
2745:
2620:
2570:
2495:
2069:
2016:
1959:
759:
and expensive gifts to the churches of his metropolis. In 1185, the Empire lost
629:
190:
17:
2801:
2716:
2681:
2646:
2558:
2473:
2233:
2226:
2173:
2153:
2098:
2063:
2056:
2001:
1966:
1829:
1288:
888:
764:
621:
376:
1664:
1403:
1337:
Holy Rulers and Blessed Princesses: Dynastic Cults in Medieval Central Europe
1193:
1147:
1111:
2548:
2500:
2410:
2397:
2184:
2113:
2086:
2081:
2050:
1996:
1944:
1879:
1874:
1777:
1444:
1296:
800:
792:
768:
728:
625:
140:
1018:
444:, Isaac was involved (alongside his father and brothers) in the revolt of
2816:
2598:
2490:
2443:
2403:
2385:
2305:
2240:
2220:
2190:
2163:
2158:
2143:
2133:
2103:
2011:
2006:
1954:
1929:
1924:
1889:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1497:, ed. Sarah Lambert and Helen Nicholson (Turnhout, 2012), pp. 99–117
654:
396:
174:
1385:
1029:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 858.
565:
Isaac's administration was dominated by two figures: his maternal uncle
364:, Isaac seized power and rose to the Byzantine throne, establishing the
2750:
2453:
2360:
2273:
2128:
1904:
1061:
788:
772:
760:
559:
539:
523:
365:
283:
278:
1507:
Hiestand, Rudolf, 'Die Erste Ehe Isaaks II Angelus und Seine Kinder',
2522:
2379:
2261:
2033:
1899:
1502:
Physical Descriptions of the Emperors in Byzantine Historical Writing
869:
796:
593:
551:
516:
445:
345:
178:
1605:
1053:
868:(b. ca. 1193 – d. 1259). He migrated to Hungary and ruled over
644:
1504:, Byzantion, Vol. 50, No. 1 (1980), Peeters Publishers, pp. 226–240
787:, thus losing Moesia and parts of Thrace and Macedonia. After that
2123:
1894:
1884:
1864:
1545:
Facta Universitatis: Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology and History
1429:. Translated by Magoulias, Harry J. Wayne State University Press.
503:, and earlier Byzantine dynasties. Sometime after 1191, his niece
496:
412:
1869:
1859:
1395:
1789:
858:(who took the baptismal name "Maria"), Isaac II had two sons:
395:. Thus Isaac was a member of the extended imperial clan of the
1088:"The Byzantines and Saladin: Opponents of the Third Crusade?"
653:
The next five years were disturbed by continued warfare with
522:
Isaac inaugurated his reign with a decisive victory over the
333:
265:
580:
late in 1185. The rebellion led to the establishment of the
387:(b. 15 January 1096/1097), the youngest daughter of Emperor
1319:
1317:
727:
Basil Chotzas – initiated a rebellion at Tarsia, near
635:
In 1191, Isaac II launched a military expedition against
607:
sought and obtained permission to lead his troops on the
1657:
Centre for Byzantine Studies, University of Thessaloniki
360:
from 1203 to 1204. In a 1185 revolt against the Emperor
689:
was associated on the throne as the effective monarch.
1390:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1132:(2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury. pp. 140–141.
639:. The Byzantine army was victorious in the battle at
573:, who acquired even more influence over the emperor.
1371:
The Byzantine Empire: A Political History, 1025–1204
27:
Byzantine emperor from 1185 to 1195 and 1203 to 1204
3089:
2535:
2432:
2315:
2142:
1980:
1828:
309:
299:
289:
277:
257:
220:
185:
163:
155:
151:
139:
129:
119:
109:
99:
89:
79:
72:
34:
417:Killing of Stephen Hagiochristophorites, c. 1473,
1495:Clash of Cultures: the Languages of Love and Hate
1178:(2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury. p. 142.
779:was restored after the rebellion of the brothers
3217:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
1524:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
1426:O city of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniatēs
356:from 1185 to 1195, and co-Emperor with his son
1801:
1454:Frederick Barbarossa: The Prince and the Myth
8:
1619:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1208:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
538:on 7 November 1185. William had invaded the
1509:Jahrbuch der Osterreichischen Byzantinistik
643:(autumn 1191), that led to the recovery of
2312:
1808:
1794:
1786:
1689:
352:; September 1156 – January 1204) was
213: 1185–1204)
49:
31:
1323:
1308:
1219:
1009:
980:
968:
944:
738:) – escaped from prison and fled to
479:. In January 1186, Isaac himself married
1456:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
1243:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
1655:(in Greek). Vol. B. Thessaloniki:
1571:. 12 (1982–1983): München, 1984: 43–50.
1387:Byzantium Confronts the West, 1180–1204
1373:, 2nd ed. (London and New York, 1997).
1287:ruled "8 years, 3 months and 10 days";
917:
379:(c. 1122 – aft. 1185) who married
956:
254:
1483:(London: Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2014).
1231:
368:family as the new imperial dynasty.
7:
1473:Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium
1081:
1079:
1266:Corpus Fontium Historiae Byzantinae
1521:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
673:and imprisoned in Constantinople.
483:(renamed Maria), daughter of King
42:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
25:
1684:A History of the Byzantine Empire
1258:Die byzantinischen Kleinchroniken
836:(c. 1181–1208), married first to
647:and the consequent peace treaty.
3212:Christians of the Fourth Crusade
930:De la Conquête de Constantinople
891:
3207:Christians of the Third Crusade
3187:13th-century Byzantine emperors
3182:12th-century Byzantine emperors
799:wrested from the empire by the
210:
1596:History of the Byzantine State
1104:10.1080/28327861.2010.12220246
876:(1227–42) as a vassal of king
1:
1649:The Genealogy of the Komnenoi
1641:Varzos, Konstantinos (1984).
55:Portrait of Isaac II (from a
1680:Foreign policy of the Angeli
1585:. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.
1560:McDaniel, Gordon L. (1984).
1551:(2): 105–110. Archived from
1295:) "6 months and 8 days" and
461:Stephen Hagiochristophorites
346:
1020:"Isaac II. (Angelus)"
3233:
3081:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3032:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2919:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1599:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
1481:Byzantium and the Crusades
1384:Brand, Charles M. (1968).
1176:Byzantium and the Crusades
1130:Byzantium and the Crusades
1086:Neocleous, Savvas (2010).
734:Isaac Comnenus (nephew of
554:from the rebellious noble
440:During the brief reign of
334:
266:
3157:
3054:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
3022:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2847:Constantine IX Monomachos
1774:
1757:
1751:
1741:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1692:
1644:Η Γενεαλογία των Κομνηνών
1624:Stanford University Press
1582:Byzantium and the Magyars
1471:Harris, Jonathan (2007).
1255:Schreiner, Peter (1977).
1174:Harris, Jonathan (2014).
925:Geoffrey of Villehardouin
632:to embark to Asia Minor.
571:Constantine Mesopotamites
381:Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa
375:was a military leader in
373:Andronikos Doukas Angelos
348:Isaákios Komnēnós Ángelos
335:Ἰσαάκιος Κομνηνός Ἄγγελος
304:Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa
294:Andronikos Doukas Angelos
262:
253:
59:containing a copy of the
48:
39:
3017:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1622:. Stanford, California:
1539:Komatina, Ivana (2018).
824:Anna-Euphrosyne Angelina
578:Vlach-Bulgarian uprising
2872:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2506:Tiberius II Constantine
1026:Encyclopædia Britannica
899:Byzantine Empire portal
775:. In the same year the
3027:Michael IX Palaiologos
1475:. Hambledon Continuum.
1349:Rodd, Rennell (1907).
907:List of Roman emperors
777:Vlach–Bulgarian Empire
663:Battle of Arcadiopolis
605:Frederick I Barbarossa
582:Vlach-Bulgarian Empire
511:, son of Grand Prince
437:
167:January 1204 (aged 47)
3121:Thessalonian emperors
3115:Trapezuntine emperors
3076:John VIII Palaiologos
3071:Manuel II Palaiologos
3042:John VI Kantakouzenos
2958:Andronikos I Komnenos
2795:Constantine Lekapenos
1823:and empresses regnant
1728:Andronikos I Komnenos
754:Historical reputation
736:Andronicus I Comnenus
567:Theodore Kastamonites
536:Battle of Demetritzes
442:Andronikos I Komnenos
416:
94:Andronikos I Komnenos
3059:John VII Palaiologos
3007:Theodore II Laskaris
2867:Constantine X Doukas
2807:Nikephoros II Phokas
1659:. pp. 807–840.
1555:on 1 September 2020.
1452:Freed, John (2016).
854:By his second wife,
477:Conrad of Montferrat
3192:12th-century rebels
2990:Theodore I Laskaris
2975:Alexios III Angelos
2953:Alexios II Komnenos
2877:Romanos IV Diogenes
2832:Romanos III Argyros
2778:Romanos I Lekapenos
1754:Alexios III Angelos
1745:Alexios III Angelos
1591:Ostrogorsky, George
1234:, pp. 494–504.
1162:A History of Venice
971:, pp. 188–189.
856:Margaret of Hungary
838:Roger III of Sicily
791:was retaken by the
481:Margaret of Hungary
429:Passages d'outremer
362:Andronikos Komnenos
199:Margaret of Hungary
104:Alexios III Angelos
83:12 September 1185 –
61:Extracts of History
3109:Britannic emperors
3103:Palmyrene emperors
3037:John V Palaiologos
2980:Alexios IV Angelos
2929:Constantine Doukas
2924:Alexios I Komnenos
2912:Constantine Doukas
2895:Michael VII Doukas
2857:Michael VI Bringas
2423:Romulus Augustulus
2046:Trebonianus Gallus
2039:Herennius Etruscus
1821:Byzantine emperors
1767:Alexios IV Angelos
1759:Byzantine emperor
1516:Kazhdan, Alexander
1479:Harris, Jonathan,
1421:Choniates, Niketas
1335:Klaniczay, Gabor.
1246:, p. 105-110.
878:Béla IV of Hungary
848:Alexios IV Angelos
718:Theodore Mangaphas
687:Alexios IV Angelos
438:
389:Alexios I Komnenos
358:Alexios IV Angelos
240:Alexios IV Angelos
189:Eirene Komnena or
146:Alexios IV Angelos
57:15th-century codex
3164:
3163:
3002:John III Vatatzes
2948:Manuel I Komnenos
2687:Michael I Rangabe
2531:
2530:
2373:Petronius Maximus
1972:Severus Alexander
1940:Septimius Severus
1784:
1783:
1775:Succeeded by
1742:Succeeded by
1735:Byzantine emperor
1694:Isaac II Angelos
1614:Treadgold, Warren
1604:Savignac, David.
1489:978-1-78093-767-0
1369:Angold, Michael,
1271:(2). pp. 181–182.
723:Pseudo-Alexios II
493:Holy Roman Empire
408:Niketas Choniates
354:Byzantine Emperor
343:
319:
318:
273:
272:
74:Byzantine emperor
16:(Redirected from
3224:
3012:John IV Laskaris
2985:Alexios V Doukas
2970:Isaac II Angelos
2936:John II Komnenos
2862:Isaac I Komnenos
2822:Constantine VIII
2812:John I Tzimiskes
2539:Byzantine Empire
2313:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1778:Alexios V Doukas
1752:Preceded by
1725:Preceded by
1715:
1708:
1690:
1668:
1654:
1637:
1609:
1600:
1586:
1577:Moravcsik, Gyula
1572:
1566:
1556:
1535:
1500:Head, C. (1980)
1476:
1467:
1463:978-0-300-122763
1448:
1416:
1407:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1340:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1278:
1272:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1171:
1165:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1126:Harris, Jonathan
1122:
1116:
1115:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1011:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
922:
901:
896:
895:
894:
842:Philip of Swabia
840:and secondly to
813:Speyer Cathedral
613:Byzantine Empire
505:Eudokia Angelina
403:Rising by revolt
385:Theodora Komnene
351:
339:
337:
336:
322:Isaac II Angelos
269:
268:
267:Ισαάκιος Άγγελος
255:
214:
212:
134:Alexios V Doukas
53:
35:Isaac II Angelos
32:
21:
18:Isaac II Angelus
3232:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3177:Angelid dynasty
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3153:
3097:Gallic emperors
3085:
2773:Constantine VII
2554:Constantine III
2541:
2538:
2527:
2436:
2428:
2367:Valentinian III
2355:Constantius III
2349:Priscus Attalus
2333:Constantine III
2319:
2311:
2201:Valerius Valens
2146:
2138:
1984:
1976:
1935:Didius Julianus
1915:Marcus Aurelius
1832:
1824:
1814:
1780:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1747:
1738:
1730:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:Angelid dynasty
1695:
1686:by Al. Vasilief
1676:
1671:
1652:
1640:
1634:
1612:
1603:
1589:
1575:
1569:Ungarn-Jahrbuch
1564:
1559:
1538:
1532:
1514:
1470:
1464:
1451:
1437:
1419:
1410:
1383:
1365:
1360:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1303:
1283:, pp. 299–314.
1279:
1275:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1205:
1201:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1155:
1140:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1085:
1084:
1077:
1054:10.2307/2849946
1039:
1038:
1034:
1013:
1012:
987:
979:
975:
967:
963:
955:
951:
943:
939:
923:
919:
915:
897:
892:
890:
887:
850:(c. 1182–1204).
828:Roman the Great
809:
756:
706:
695:Alexios Doukas
679:
667:Alexios Angelos
507:was married to
473:
405:
264:
249:
230:Anna-Euphrosyne
216:
208:
204:
201:
195:
193:
172:
168:
115:27 January 1204
114:
84:
68:
65:Joannes Zonaras
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3230:
3228:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3056:
3051:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2933:
2921:
2916:
2892:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Theodora (III)
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2748:
2743:
2731:
2719:
2714:
2702:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2667:Constantine VI
2664:
2659:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2631:Theodosius III
2628:
2623:
2618:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2576:Constantine IV
2573:
2568:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2434:Eastern Empire
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2329:
2323:
2321:
2317:Western Empire
2310:
2309:
2302:
2290:Magnus Maximus
2286:
2284:Valentinian II
2281:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2216:Constantius II
2213:
2211:Constantine II
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2043:
2031:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1910:Antoninus Pius
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1833:27 BC – AD 235
1826:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1740:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1720:Regnal titles
1717:
1716:
1707:September 1156
1696:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1675:
1674:External links
1672:
1670:
1669:
1638:
1632:
1610:
1601:
1587:
1573:
1557:
1536:
1530:
1518:, ed. (1991).
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1477:
1468:
1462:
1449:
1435:
1417:
1408:
1381:
1379:978-0582294684
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1355:. Vol. 1.
1341:
1328:
1326:, p. 314.
1324:Choniates 1984
1313:
1311:, p. 233.
1309:Choniates 1984
1301:
1281:Choniates 1984
1273:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1222:, p. 224.
1220:Choniates 1984
1212:
1206:W. Treadgold,
1199:
1185:978-1780937366
1184:
1166:
1153:
1139:978-1780937366
1138:
1117:
1075:
1048:(2): 167–181.
1032:
1017:, ed. (1911).
1015:Chisholm, Hugh
985:
981:Burkhardt 2016
973:
969:Choniates 1984
961:
949:
947:, p. 248.
945:Choniates 1984
937:
916:
914:
911:
910:
909:
903:
902:
886:
883:
882:
881:
863:
852:
851:
845:
834:Irene Angelina
831:
808:
805:
755:
752:
751:
750:
747:Constantinople
743:
732:
725:
720:
715:
713:Alexios Branas
705:
702:
683:Fourth Crusade
678:
675:
590:Alexios Branas
556:Isaac Komnenos
513:Stefan Nemanja
472:
469:
454:Constantinople
404:
401:
393:Irene Doukaina
317:
316:
314:Greek Orthodox
311:
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
291:
287:
286:
281:
275:
274:
271:
270:
260:
259:
251:
250:
248:
247:
242:
237:
235:Irene Angelina
232:
226:
224:
218:
217:
206:
202:
197:
196:
187:
183:
182:
170:Constantinople
165:
161:
160:
159:September 1156
157:
153:
152:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
123:
117:
116:
113:19 July 1203 –
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
70:
69:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3229:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3156:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2734:Theodora (II)
2732:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2642:
2641:Constantine V
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2626:Anastasius II
2624:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2582:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2449:Theodosius II
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Valentinian I
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:Constantine I
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2169:Constantius I
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1779:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1760:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1691:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1633:0-8047-2630-2
1629:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1533:
1531:0-19-504652-8
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1354:
1353:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1244:Komatina 2018
1240:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1098:(1): 87–106.
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
986:
983:, p. 50.
982:
977:
974:
970:
965:
962:
959:, p. 71.
958:
953:
950:
946:
941:
938:
935:
932:
931:
926:
921:
918:
912:
908:
905:
904:
900:
889:
884:
879:
875:
871:
867:
864:
861:
860:
859:
857:
849:
846:
843:
839:
835:
832:
829:
826:, married to
825:
822:
821:
820:
818:
814:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
753:
748:
744:
741:
737:
733:
730:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
703:
701:
699:
698:
697:Mourtzouphlos
690:
688:
684:
676:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
651:
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
627:
623:
618:
617:Philippopolis
614:
610:
609:Third Crusade
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
431:
430:
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420:
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386:
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359:
355:
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349:
342:
331:
327:
323:
315:
312:
308:
305:
302:
298:
295:
292:
288:
285:
282:
280:
276:
263:Isaac Angelos
261:
256:
252:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
225:
223:
219:
200:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
128:
125:1 August 1203
124:
122:
118:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
82:
78:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
44:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
3064:Andronikos V
3062:
3045:
2993:
2969:
2961:
2939:
2927:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2886:
2880:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2754:
2737:
2725:
2708:
2696:
2690:
2677:Nikephoros I
2652:
2651:
2645:
2612:
2609:Justinian II
2604:Tiberius III
2594:Justinian II
2585:
2579:
2562:
2514:
2486:Anastasius I
2477:
2421:
2417:Julius Nepos
2409:
2402:
2390:
2378:
2371:
2359:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2288:
2279:Theodosius I
2266:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2196:Maximinus II
2183:
2085:
2068:
2055:
2049:
2037:
2025:
1958:
1920:Lucius Verus
1770:
1764:
1758:
1733:
1714:January 1204
1711:
1704:
1697:
1683:
1648:
1643:
1618:
1595:
1581:
1568:
1553:the original
1548:
1544:
1519:
1511:, 47 (1997).
1508:
1501:
1494:
1480:
1472:
1453:
1425:
1415:. Routledge.
1412:
1386:
1370:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1331:
1304:
1292:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1207:
1202:
1175:
1169:
1161:
1160:J. Norwich,
1156:
1129:
1120:
1095:
1091:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1024:
976:
964:
952:
940:
928:
920:
866:John Angelos
853:
816:
810:
757:
740:Hagia Sophia
707:
696:
691:
680:
677:Second reign
659:one occasion
652:
649:
641:South Morava
634:
611:through the
602:
600:'s arrests.
586:Asen dynasty
575:
564:
521:
474:
465:Hagia Sophia
458:
439:
426:
423:Jean Colombe
406:
370:
347:
325:
321:
320:
245:John Angelos
194:(ended 1185)
191:Palaiologina
85:8 April 1195
60:
40:
29:
3202:1204 deaths
3197:1156 births
3123:(1224–1242)
3117:(1204–1461)
2906:Konstantios
2783:Christopher
2756:Constantine
2746:Michael III
2727:Constantine
2710:Constantine
2692:Theophylact
2621:Philippicus
2571:Constans II
2496:Justinian I
2392:Severus III
2340:Constans II
2094:Claudius II
2070:Silbannacus
2017:Gordian III
1992:Maximinus I
1960:Diadumenian
1771:(1203–1204)
1291:(alongside
1285:Alexios III
957:Harris 2007
544:Alexius III
471:First reign
371:His father
90:Predecessor
3171:Categories
2900:Andronikos
2888:Nikephoros
2837:Michael IV
2802:Romanos II
2722:Theophilos
2717:Michael II
2698:Staurakios
2682:Staurakios
2654:Nikephoros
2647:Artabasdos
2559:Heraclonas
2516:Theodosius
2474:Basiliscus
2234:Nepotianus
2227:Magnentius
2221:Constans I
2174:Severus II
2154:Diocletian
2099:Quintillus
2064:Aemilianus
2057:Volusianus
2002:Gordian II
1967:Elagabalus
1830:Principate
1739:1185–1195
1436:0814317642
1289:Alexios IV
1232:Freed 2016
913:References
765:Kefallonia
630:Hellespont
622:Adrianople
588:. In 1187
584:under the
532:William II
377:Asia Minor
141:Co-Emperor
121:Coronation
3142:Classical
3127:Empresses
3111:(286–296)
3105:(267–273)
3099:(260–274)
2842:Michael V
2768:Alexander
2581:Heraclius
2549:Heraclius
2501:Justin II
2411:Glycerius
2398:Anthemius
2268:Procopius
2206:Martinian
2185:Maxentius
2114:Florianus
2087:Saloninus
2082:Gallienus
2051:Hostilian
2027:Philip II
1997:Gordian I
1945:Caracalla
1880:Vespasian
1875:Vitellius
1762:1203–1204
1665:834784665
1423:(1984) .
1404:795121713
1297:Alexios V
1194:891400633
1148:891400633
1112:1476-5276
1070:162541416
801:Crusaders
793:Armenians
769:Zakynthos
729:Nicomedia
626:Gallipoli
534:, at the
419:miniature
341:translit.
130:Successor
100:Successor
3137:Usurpers
3132:Augustae
3090:See also
2995:Nicholas
2817:Basil II
2614:Tiberius
2599:Leontius
2587:Tiberius
2564:Tiberius
2542:610–1453
2537:Eastern/
2491:Justin I
2444:Arcadius
2404:Olybrius
2386:Majorian
2327:Honorius
2306:Eugenius
2241:Vetranio
2191:Licinius
2164:Galerius
2159:Maximian
2144:Dominate
2134:Numerian
2104:Aurelian
2077:Valerian
2022:Philip I
2012:Balbinus
2007:Pupienus
1955:Macrinus
1930:Pertinax
1925:Commodus
1890:Domitian
1855:Claudius
1850:Caligula
1845:Tiberius
1840:Augustus
1616:(1997).
1593:(1956).
1579:(1970).
1445:10605650
1396:67-20872
1293:Isaac II
1128:(2014).
1092:Crusades
1042:Speculum
885:See also
704:Usurpers
655:Bulgaria
598:Manuel I
526:King of
501:Provence
485:Béla III
397:Komnenoi
310:Religion
175:Istanbul
3147:Eastern
3047:Matthew
2941:Alexios
2789:Stephen
2751:Basil I
2636:Leo III
2511:Maurice
2454:Marcian
2437:395–610
2361:Joannes
2320:395–480
2274:Gratian
2147:284–610
2129:Carinus
2109:Tacitus
1985:235–285
1905:Hadrian
1363:Sources
1062:2849946
817:γαμβρός
789:Cilicia
773:Normans
771:to the
761:Lefkada
671:blinded
628:at the
560:Saladin
540:Balkans
366:Angelos
326:Angelus
284:Angelos
279:Dynasty
215:
207:
203:
2909:&
2885:&
2792:&
2763:Leo VI
2739:Thekla
2695:&
2662:Leo IV
2584:&
2523:Phocas
2479:Marcus
2464:Leo II
2380:Avitus
2297:Victor
2262:Valens
2252:Jovian
2247:Julian
2119:Probus
2054:&
2034:Decius
1982:Crisis
1900:Trajan
1710:
1663:
1651:]
1630:
1528:
1487:
1460:
1443:
1433:
1402:
1394:
1377:
1192:
1182:
1146:
1136:
1110:
1068:
1060:
870:Syrmia
807:Family
797:Cyprus
795:, and
767:, and
637:Serbia
594:Venice
552:Cyprus
528:Sicily
524:Norman
517:Serbia
509:Stefan
491:, the
450:Prousa
446:Nicaea
344:
300:Mother
290:Father
186:Spouse
179:Turkey
2705:Leo V
2672:Irene
2459:Leo I
2124:Carus
1895:Nerva
1885:Titus
1865:Galba
1817:Roman
1765:with
1712:Died:
1705:Born:
1682:from
1653:(PDF)
1647:[
1565:(PDF)
1210:, 658
1164:, 121
1066:S2CID
1058:JSTOR
785:Peter
546:from
497:Italy
330:Greek
258:Names
222:Issue
209:(
205:
173:(now
110:Reign
80:Reign
3061:(w.
3044:(w.
2992:(w.
2963:John
2960:(w.
2938:(w.
2926:(w.
2897:(w.
2879:(w.
2780:(w.
2753:(w.
2736:(w.
2724:(w.
2707:(w.
2689:(w.
2650:(w.
2611:(w.
2578:(w.
2561:(w.
2513:(w.
2476:(w.
2469:Zeno
2336:(w.
2293:(w.
2084:(w.
2048:(w.
2036:(w.
2024:(w.
1957:(w.
1950:Geta
1870:Otho
1860:Nero
1819:and
1661:OCLC
1628:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1441:OCLC
1431:ISBN
1400:OCLC
1392:LCCN
1375:ISBN
1190:OCLC
1180:ISBN
1144:OCLC
1134:ISBN
1108:ISSN
934:s.48
874:Bacs
872:and
783:and
781:Asen
548:Acre
489:Kyiv
448:and
427:Les
391:and
164:Died
156:Born
2882:Leo
2827:Zoe
2073:(?)
1269:XII
1100:doi
1050:doi
645:Niš
624:to
519:.
515:of
434:BNF
425:in
421:by
324:or
63:by
3173::
2903:,
2786:,
1626:.
1567:.
1549:17
1547:.
1543:.
1439:.
1398:.
1316:^
1188:.
1142:.
1106:.
1094:.
1090:.
1078:^
1064:.
1056:.
1046:37
1044:.
1023:.
988:^
927:,
803:.
763:,
530:,
499:,
495:,
456:.
432:,
399:.
338:,
332::
211:m.
177:,
3067:)
3050:)
2998:)
2966:)
2944:)
2932:)
2915:)
2891:)
2798:)
2759:)
2742:)
2730:)
2713:)
2701:)
2658:)
2617:)
2590:)
2567:)
2519:)
2482:)
2344:)
2301:)
2090:)
2060:)
2042:)
2030:)
1963:)
1809:e
1802:t
1795:v
1667:.
1636:.
1608:.
1534:.
1466:.
1447:.
1406:.
1263:.
1261:2
1196:.
1150:.
1114:.
1102::
1096:9
1072:.
1052::
880:.
830:.
436:.
328:(
181:)
67:)
20:)
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