1511:
trivial), khisin-mhin (small; diminutive), khere-mhin (small; little), hu-mhin (big; foamy), khuẹlẹ-mhin (slim), re-mhin (far; deep; well attended; grown up), dia-mhin (straight; appropriate), bhala-mhin (light-complexioned), bhia-mhin (large, spacious), riẹriẹ-mhin (smooth), rẹrẹ-mhin (restless), kpoloa (smooth), gọ-mhin (crooked) kpono-mhin (slippery), kwọn (slippery; slimy), to-mhin (irritating), kpọ-mhin (widespread), khia-mhin (holy, righteous), fu-mhin (peaceful), bhiẹlẹ-mhin (lazy), fa-mhin (dirt-free, clean), lẹ-mhin (scarce), tua-mhin (quick), zaza-mhin (skilful), sun-mhin (slimy), kholo (spherical), hian-mhin (efficacious; alcoholic), nwun-mhin or mun-mhin (sharp; alcoholic), khọlọ-mhin (bad; painful), sẹ-ẹ (ordinary), nọghọ-mhin (difficult), kpataki (real), lo-mhin (inexpensive; deep), khua-mhin (heavy; hot), tọnọ-mhin (itchy), luẹn (ripe), khekhea (sour), riala-mhin (bitter), fua-mhin (white), bhihi-mhin (black; dark-complexioned), kẹnkẹn-mhin (multicoloured), kọnkọn (fat), kaka-mhin (hard; serious), toto-mhin (serious; taut), ghan-mhin (costly), ghantoa (costly), wualan-mhin (wise), sọnọ-mhin (offensive), lẹkhẹ-mhin (soft), khẹrẹ-khẹrẹ (muddy), gban-a (expansive), tan-mhin (tall; elegant), guẹguẹ (ingratiating), mhẹn-mhin (good), lẹnlẹn-mhin (sweet), zeze-mhin (strong), wo-mhin (powerful; mature), bie (cooked or done), fe-mhin (wealthy); fanọn-fanọn (unkempt; untidy), rughu-rughu or ragha-ragha (disorderly), sankan-sankan (muddy and rough), yagha-yagha (untidy); rui ẹlo (blind), yi ehọ (deaf, rebellious), di ọmalẹn (old, senile), di itọn a (wretched), bhọn ose (beautiful), fi ahiẹ a (serene), fua amẹn (light-complexioned), ba bhi egbe (painful), mhẹn bhi egbe (body-friendly), mhẹn bhi unu (sweet), mhẹn bhi ẹlo (beautiful or not offensive to sight), mhẹn bhi ihue (not offensive to the nose), mhẹn bhi ehọ (not offensive to the ear), khọ bhi unu (unpalatable; offensive), khọ bhi egbe (unbearable), etc.
1328:ọmọn (baby), imọn (babies); ọmọle (man, male), imọle (men, males); okpea (man), ikpea (men); okhuo (woman, female), ikhuo (women, females); ọshọ, ọmuọe (friend), ishọ, imuọe (friends); obhio (relation), ibhio (relations); obhokhan (child), ibhokhan (children); oghian (enemy), ighian (enemies); usẹnbhokhan (boy), isẹnbhokhan (boys); ọmamhẹn, ọmọhin (girl), imamhẹn, imọhin (girls); ọwanlẹn (elder, adult), iwanlẹn (elders, adults); ọrhia (person), erhia (persons); ọbo (doctor), ebo (doctors); Ebo (English citizen), Ibo (English citizens); obọ (arm), abọ (arms); oẹ (leg), ae (legs); use (nail), ise (nails); udo (stone), ido (stones)
721:’ to have the highest number of usages in Esan, with up to 76 different meanings in a normal dictionary. Names starting with the prefixes Ọsẹ; Ẹhi, Ẹhiz or Ẹhis; and Okoh (for male), Okhuo (for female) are the commonest in Esan: Ehizefe, Ẹhizọkhae, Ẹhizojie, Ẹhinọmẹn, Ẹhimanre, Ẹhizẹle, Ẹhimẹn, Ẹhikhayimẹntor, Ẹhikhayimẹnle, Ẹhijantor,Ehicheoya,Emiator etc.; Ọsẹmundiamẹn, Ọsẹmhẹngbe, etc.; Okosun, Okojie, Okodugha, Okoemu, Okouromi,Okoukoni, Okougbo, Okoepkẹn, Okoror, Okouruwa, Oriaifo etc. To any Oko-, 'Ọm-' the suffix of the name can be added to arrive of the female version e.g. Ọmosun, Ọmuromi, etc.
1490:
modifies, provides information about the noun’s size and/or quantity, and they start with a vowel letter: ukpomin, ekitui, udede, ikwẹkwi, etc. These adjectives are not subject to the law of tenses and do not take the suffix ‘mhin’. A post-noun adjective comes immediately after the noun it modifies: khọlọ, khọriọn, fuọ, ba, to, han, lẹnlẹn, bhihi, hu, khisin, khere, re(le) (far), re (deep), re (grown up), re (well attended), bue, tan, etc. These adjectives are subject to the law of tenses such that they are used to reflect time (e.g. “Okoh rẹ kkhọriọn.” = "Okoh is ugly.").
1616:
1494:
are also nouns, they all start with vowel letters. They are neither subject to the law of tenses nor can they be used with the suffix ‘mhin’. A nounal or noun adjective is one that comes before a noun and can easily be manipulated to become a noun in usage: esi, ebe. It can neither be used with ‘mhin’ nor are they subject to tense law. A restricted adjective is one that can only be used with a particular noun e.g. ‘bhibhi’ in 'ewewẹ bhibhi' (early morning).
1507:
ehọ (deaf, rebellious), di ọmalẹn (old, senile), di itọn a (wretched), bhọn ose (beautiful), fi ahiẹ a (serene), fua amẹn (light-complexioned), ba bhi egbe (painful), mhẹn bhi egbe (body-friendly), mhẹn bhi unu (sweet), mhẹn bhi ẹlo (beautiful or not offensive to sight), mhẹn bhi ihue (not offensive to the nose), mhẹn bhi ehọ (not offensive to the ear), khọ bhi unu (unpalatable; offensive), khọ bhi egbe (unbearable), etc.
84:
43:
1472:
diphthong: khian, gbe, bhanbhan. The formation of past tense in this case is not different: kkhian, ggbe, etc. Some Esan dialect such as Uzea makes use of ‘ah’ (or ’h) to show present participle (as in “He is going home.”). Although this is absent in majority of Esan dialects, it is used and placed before the main verb when writing: Ele ’h khọa = They’re having bath.
1247:): aru, eko, ẹbho, itohan, ozẹ, ọrhia, uze, etc. Due to the influence of neighboring tongues and Western languages, especially English, there is the tendency among Esan to pronounce many non-Esan nouns beginning with a consonant letter. In the event of such within the boundary of Esan write-up, an apostrophe may be employed before the first consonant letter both to
186:
1481:
adjectives are verb-like in that they inflect to show tenses: Ele mhẹnmhin. = They are good. // Ele mmhẹnmhin. = They were good. The doubling of the initial letter of the adjective 'mhẹnmhin (good)' like verbs, clearly demonstrates this point. Esan adjectives are of two distinct types: ‘word adjective’ and ‘phrasal adjective’.
1506:
A phrasal adjective is one that consists of more than one word; it is made up of a phrase. More often than not, an adjectival phrase usually contains either a noun + verb or an adjective+preposition+noun which combine to perform the work of an adjective. Some common examples are: rui ẹlo (blind), yi
1493:
Except the adjective ‘khọriọn’, all others can be used with the suffix ‘mhin’, and (‘ebe’ and ‘esi’ which are also called noun adjectives) they all start with consonant letters. A numeral adjective is one that can be used to answer such question as “how many?”: ọkpa, eva, ea, igbe, etc. Because they
1462:
The use of Esan is open to three orders or arrangements: (subject–verb–object (SVO), object–subject–verb (OSV), and object–verb–subject (OVS)) to express themselves Okoh ’h gbi ele (SVO). Okoh imẹn ddaghe (OSV). Ena yẹ imẹn (OVS). SVO is commonest and most employed. The use of OVS is restricted to a
1489:
A word adjective is an adjective consisting of a single word: esi, khọlọ, hu, jian, etc. This form of adjective is subdivided into five types: pre-noun adjective, post-noun adjective, numeral adjective, nounal adjective, and restricted adjective. A pre-noun adjective appears only before the noun it
1480:
An Esan adjective, as does an
English adjective, modifies a noun or pronoun. That is, it gives more information about a noun or pronoun and makes its meaning more specific. It can appear before or after a noun. The only difference between Esan and English adjectives is that like Japanese, some Esan
1471:
All Esan verbs start with consonant letters and end in either vowel letter or the vowel associated letter ‘n’: bi, dẹ, fan, hẹn, lolo, etc. In expressing the past, doubling of initial letter of a verb takes place such that ‘bi’ changes to ‘bbi’ and ‘hẹn’ becomes ‘hhẹn’. A verb can also begin with a
1510:
Below are some Esan adjectives and their meanings (and those that can be used with the suffix ‘mhin’ are shown. The addition of the suffix 'mhin' to a word turns it from adjective to noun just as the suffix 'ness' in
English does.) Ukpomin (little), ekitui (many; much), udede (big), ikwẹkwi (tiny;
1497:
Some adjectives that can be placed under the word adjective are adjectives that are formed from the doubling of a word adjective: fanọn-fanọn (unkempt; untidy), rughu-rughu or ragha-ragha (disorderly), sankan-sankan (muddy and rough), yagha-yagha (untidy), kpadi-kpadi (rough or even), ose-ose
1286:, isẹn, etc. Exception to this rule is the writing of proper nouns where a name can end in letter ‘r’ always after a letter ‘ọ’ to make it sound like ‘or’ in English as well as the use of letter ‘h’ after a letter ‘o’ to make it sound as ‘oh’ in English: Isibor, Oko'ror, Okoh, Okoọboh, etc.
1331:
The second has to do, not with the above which have original plural form, but with many other nouns which do not. In this case, a suffix (as the use of 's' in
English) is used by adding it to the noun in question, but without a change in pronunciation. For example:
1317:
hia (=female person), etc. This gender-sensitive style is better understood by French speakers, who usually differentiate genders – masculine, feminine, neuter. Exception to this rule has to do with certain nouns that consist of vowel letters only e.g. 'oẹ' (leg,
697:, even though there is documentation that Uromi people and the Uzea people have common ancestry. Such variations in tongue and spelling of words are common in the Esan language. Most annual Esan
1325:
Pluralization in Esan is of two forms, the first of which has to do with nouns that have original plural forms, in which case the first letter is replaced/displaced by another letter:
232:
1769:
1434:‘Aah’ can only be used as subject. (‘otuan’ and ‘ukpọle’ can be used in both ways: Otuan ọkpa ni ele dia; Dati ituan eva re. Ukpọle ọkpa ribhọ. Jia ikpọle ea re.)
1335:
uwaebe (school), uwaebeh (schools); eran (stick), eranh (sticks); emhin (something), emhinh (some things)
1343:
All Esan pronouns have plural forms different from singular, but both subject and object cases do not differ (both subject and object cases are the same):
429:
is a tonal Edoid language of
Nigeria. Dictionaries and grammar texts of the Esan language are being produced. There are many dialects, including
1454:‘otuan’ (pl. ituan) is used for humans, ‘ukpọle’ (pl. ikpọle) is used for non-humans and ‘Aah’ depends on the context in which it is used.
1039:
1762:
1023:
870:
1251:
and ease the pronunciation. In speech however such apostrophe is often pronounced as ‘i’ /i:/: ’bazaar, ’Jonah, ’labour, ’zoo, etc.
266:
167:
70:
2156:
2120:
957:
898:
876:
495:
Akahia, Ayetoro, Egoro, Amede, Eguare, Egoro Eko, Oikhena, Idoa, Igor, Izogen, Uhiele, Ujeme, Ukpenu, Urohi, idumebo, ihumudumu
1116:
931:
1755:
1139:
105:
101:
56:
148:
705:
for this reason. However, the Esan language has been described as regionally important. It is taught in schools throughout
2353:
904:
671:
120:
340:
1125:
944:
937:
1153:
1083:
979:
127:
1174:
1030:
842:
827:
771:
1778:
345:
334:
964:
950:
924:
1786:
2348:
1305:
ia. For the expression of a feminine gender, the second consonant letter following a vowel letter is doubled: a
1097:
211:
134:
1197:
Esan uses several alphabets, Romanized Esan being the most commonly used with a total number of 25 letters:
857:
848:
833:
94:
2188:
1910:
1615:
970:
756:
228:
116:
1013:
997:
800:
791:
744:
2358:
863:
807:
2213:
2059:
918:
2233:
2110:
1945:
1498:(beautiful). This system can also be used thus: fanọn/2, yagha/2, kpadi/2, sankan/2, ose/2, etc.
751:
739:
62:
2253:
1963:
1867:
1733:
1692:
778:
761:
2223:
2193:
2180:
2054:
2019:
1998:
1915:
1887:
1857:
1723:
1682:
987:
702:
141:
2161:
2100:
2074:
2064:
2039:
1993:
1978:
1968:
1895:
1110:
785:
766:
694:
514:
355:
326:
1535:‘ukpi’ (pl. ‘ikpi’) in Esan is equivalent to the indefinite article ‘a’/‘an’ in English:
2327:
2317:
2312:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2218:
2203:
2166:
2151:
2146:
2125:
2115:
2105:
2095:
2079:
2069:
2049:
2029:
1958:
1877:
1862:
1842:
1827:
1822:
1794:
1133:
821:
557:
Egua Ojirua, Atwagbo, Isugbenu, Usenu, Uwesan, Ugbohare, Ibori, Edenu, Ibhiolulu, Opoji
417:
2342:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2208:
2198:
2130:
2044:
2003:
1935:
1930:
1920:
1905:
1900:
1872:
1817:
1809:
1799:
1065:
241:
201:
31:
1523:‘eni’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘the’ (as plural) in English: eni emhinh = the things
1520:‘ọni’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘the’ (as singular) in English: ọni emhin = the thing
2322:
2024:
1953:
1925:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1832:
634:
560:
221:
1289:
In nouns, following the first vowel letter is always a second consonant letter: a
1179:
1158:
1144:
1102:
1088:
1077:
1060:
307:
83:
1712:"Op-Ed-Opinions and Editorials-Johannes Gutenberg, Publishing Chaos and Ebooks"
1608:
1166:
1070:
17:
1737:
1696:
1687:
1670:
1603:
886:
576:
498:
410:
394:
1728:
1711:
1200:
a, b, d, e, ẹ, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, ọ, p, r, s, t, u, v, w, y, z.
401:
1529:‘na’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘this’ in English: emhin na or ọni emhin na
1526:‘ni’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘that’ in English: emhin ni or ọni emhin ni
706:
1747:
661:
Uzea, Obeidun, Ivue, Ibhiolulu, Awo, Amendokhen, Ebulen, Ekomado, Uwesan
530:
434:
297:
1565:‘nekirẹla’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘whoever’/‘whichever’ in English:
458:
454:
442:
1629:
686:
682:
450:
446:
1532:
In the determiner phrases below, the determiners are in boldface:
1544:‘ọsoso’ (pl. ‘esoso’) in Esan is equivalent to ‘any’ in English:
698:
430:
1751:
693:
speak slightly different Esan dialect compared to people from
690:
438:
179:
77:
36:
631:
Ugbegun, Ugbegun Ebodin, Ekekhen, Ewossa, Ujabhole, Ugbelor
1553:‘eso’ /ayso/ in Esan is equivalent to ‘some’ in English:
709:, and Esan language radio and television is prevalent.
469:
List of Esan dialects as classified by
Osiruemu (2010):
1206:
bh, gb, gh, kh, kp, kw (rarely used), mh, nw, ny, sh.
1669:
Aluede, Charles O.; Bello, Abayomi O. (2016-08-02).
1583:‘ekitui’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘many’ in English:
2305:
2252:
2179:
2139:
2088:
2012:
1986:
1977:
1944:
1886:
1808:
1785:
1577:‘eveva’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘both’ in English:
1571:‘erebhe’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘all’ in English:
1559:‘ikpeta’ in Esan is equivalent to ‘few’ in English:
1254:Each Esan noun ends in either a vowel letter (e.g.
1203:The digraph consists of 10 sets of double letters:
408:
392:
387:
323:
313:
303:
293:
281:
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1675:EJOTMAS: Ekpoma Journal of Theatre and Media Arts
227:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
1671:"Amojo Amen-Niyeye: a study in Esan minstrels"
1659:. Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan.
1219:All Esan nouns begin with vowel letters (i.e.
1763:
1463:limited number of grammatical constructions.
8:
701:' Council meetings are largely conducted in
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1983:
1770:
1756:
1748:
471:
278:
1727:
1686:
1322:'ae'), 'oo' (mother), 'uu' (death), etc.
267:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1396:
1345:
1054:
733:
1630:"Welcome To Esanland Edo state Nigeria"
1596:
717:Linguistic finding has shown the word ‘
1270:) or the vowel-associated letter ‘n’:
7:
1651:
1649:
1368:ibha (you, or Pidgin English ‘una’)
433:, Ẹkpoma (Ekuma), Ebhossa (Ewossa),
106:adding citations to reliable sources
1439:
217:for transliterated languages, and
197:of its non-English content, using
25:
1657:A structural dialectology of Esan
1178:
1173:
1157:
1152:
1143:
1138:
1124:
1115:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1082:
1038:
1029:
1022:
996:
978:
969:
963:
956:
949:
943:
936:
930:
923:
903:
897:
875:
869:
862:
856:
847:
841:
832:
826:
806:
799:
790:
527:Ebele, Uzebu, Uhe, Ebhosa, Ekpon
52:This article has multiple issues.
1614:
1449:
235:may also be used - notably
184:
82:
41:
27:Edoid language spoken in Nigeria
1568:emhin nekirẹla = whatever thing
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1710:Nardini, Robert (2000-04-01).
233:multilingual support templates
1:
672:List of villages in Edo State
1429:
1164:
1108:
1075:
1011:
916:
819:
783:
543:Oria, Onogholo, Uzea, Ugboha
30:Not to be confused with the
1586:ekitui emhinh = many things
2375:
1655:Osiruemu, Evarista. 2010.
1580:Emhinh eveva = both things
1562:ikpeta emhinh = few things
669:
29:
1574:emhin erebhe = all things
286:
1688:10.4314/ejotmas.v5i1-2.7
1556:emhinh eso = some things
1541:ikpi emhinh = ... things
511:Okhuesan, Emu, Okhuedua
1550:emhinh esoso any things
1547:emhin ọsoso = any thing
1397:no English equivalent:
484:Local Government Areas
1729:10.7771/2380-176x.3064
1313:họ (=female friend), ọ
1779:Volta–Niger languages
603:Eguare, Kpaja, Udakpa
481:Speech areas/Villages
319:1,000,000 (2022)
2354:Languages of Nigeria
1538:ukpi ẹmhin = a thing
1309:ihi (=female ant), ọ
573:Ujogba, Amahor, Ugun
195:specify the language
193:This article should
102:improve this article
617:Udo, Ekpon, Ekekhen
1444:Such as ancestors
1392:ehle (they, them)
1384:elle (they, them)
968:
948:
935:
902:
874:
861:
846:
831:
2336:
2335:
2175:
2174:
1716:Against the Grain
1612:(25th ed., 2022)
1502:Phrasal adjective
1425:
1424:
1376:ele (they, them)
1188:
1187:
1048:
1047:
668:
667:
647:Emu, Oria, Ilushi
424:
423:
277:
276:
269:
259:
258:
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
16:(Redirected from
2366:
1984:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1731:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1690:
1666:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1634:www.edoworld.net
1626:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1601:
1453:
1443:
1433:
1346:
1182:
1177:
1161:
1156:
1147:
1142:
1128:
1119:
1105:
1100:
1091:
1086:
1055:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1000:
982:
973:
967:
960:
953:
947:
940:
934:
927:
907:
901:
879:
873:
866:
860:
851:
845:
836:
830:
810:
803:
794:
734:
664:Esan North East
650:Esan South East
606:Esan South East
592:Esan South East
589:Ohordua, Ewohimi
546:Esan South East
472:
420:
404:
397:
352:
329:
279:
272:
265:
254:
251:
245:
238:
226:
220:
216:
210:
206:
200:
188:
187:
180:
173:
166:
162:
159:
153:
151:
110:
86:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2349:Edoid languages
2339:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2301:
2248:
2171:
2135:
2084:
2008:
1973:
1940:
1882:
1804:
1781:
1776:
1746:
1745:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1647:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1517:
1504:
1487:
1478:
1469:
1460:
1447:
1437:
1427:
1381:ọlle (she, her)
1341:
1217:
1212:
1195:
1053:
773:
760:
746:
732:
727:
715:
679:
674:
515:Esan South East
489:Ekpoma Iruekpen
467:
416:
400:
393:
383:
350:
330:
327:Language family
325:
316:
315:Native speakers
273:
262:
261:
260:
255:
249:
246:
240:
236:
224:
218:
214:
212:transliteration
208:
204:
198:
189:
185:
174:
163:
157:
154:
117:"Esan language"
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1702:
1661:
1645:
1621:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1503:
1500:
1486:
1485:Word adjective
1483:
1477:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1459:
1458:Sentence order
1456:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1360:iman (we, us)
1358:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1340:
1337:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1194:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1150:
1148:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1092:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
994:
992:
990:
984:
983:
976:
974:
961:
954:
941:
928:
921:
915:
914:
912:
910:
908:
895:
893:
891:
889:
883:
882:
880:
867:
854:
852:
839:
837:
824:
818:
817:
815:
813:
811:
804:
797:
795:
788:
782:
781:
776:
769:
764:
754:
749:
742:
737:
731:
728:
726:
723:
714:
711:
678:
675:
666:
665:
662:
659:
656:
652:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
632:
629:
626:
622:
621:
618:
615:
612:
608:
607:
604:
601:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
580:
579:
574:
571:
568:
564:
563:
558:
555:
552:
548:
547:
544:
541:
538:
534:
533:
528:
525:
522:
518:
517:
512:
509:
506:
502:
501:
496:
493:
492:Ekuma Iruekpen
490:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
466:
463:
422:
421:
414:
406:
405:
398:
390:
389:
388:Language codes
385:
384:
382:
381:
380:
379:
378:
377:
376:
375:
374:
373:
372:
371:
370:
369:
341:Atlantic–Congo
333:
331:
324:
321:
320:
317:
314:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
295:
294:Native to
291:
290:
284:
283:
275:
274:
257:
256:
231:. Knowledge's
192:
190:
183:
176:
175:
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
18:Ishan language
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2371:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:North-Central
2011:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1635:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1373:ọle (he, him)
1372:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1214:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
993:
991:
989:
986:
985:
981:
977:
975:
972:
966:
962:
959:
955:
952:
946:
942:
939:
933:
929:
926:
922:
920:
917:
913:
911:
909:
906:
900:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
885:
884:
881:
878:
872:
868:
865:
859:
855:
853:
850:
844:
840:
838:
835:
829:
825:
823:
820:
816:
814:
812:
809:
805:
802:
798:
796:
793:
789:
787:
784:
780:
777:
775:
770:
768:
765:
763:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
743:
741:
738:
736:
735:
729:
724:
722:
720:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
676:
673:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
613:
610:
609:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
585:
582:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
549:
545:
542:
539:
536:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
477:
475:Official name
474:
473:
470:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
419:
415:
413:
412:
407:
403:
399:
396:
391:
386:
368:
365:
364:
362:
361:
360:North Central
359:
358:
357:
354:
353:
349:
348:
347:
344:
343:
342:
339:
338:
336:
332:
328:
322:
318:
312:
309:
306:
302:
299:
296:
292:
289:
285:
280:
271:
268:
253:
243:
234:
230:
223:
213:
203:
196:
191:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
32:Isan language
19:
2140:Southwestern
2089:Northwestern
2034:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1656:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:
1624:
1607:
1599:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1461:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1428:
1426:
1357:imẹn (I, me)
1342:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1189:
718:
716:
713:Common names
681:People from
680:
635:Esan Central
570:Ogua Ugiogba
561:Esan Central
468:
426:
425:
409:
366:
363:Edo–Esan–Ora
287:
263:
247:
229:ISO 639 code
225:}}
219:{{
215:}}
209:{{
205:}}
199:{{
194:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
34:of Thailand.
2359:Esan people
1515:Determiners
1014:Approximant
567:Ogwa Ujogba
449:, Ohordua,
445:, Igueben,
346:Volta–Niger
335:Niger–Congo
308:Esan people
158:August 2012
2343:Categories
2214:Gupa-Abawa
2060:Ivbiosakon
1787:Ayere-Ahan
1639:2020-12-19
1609:Ethnologue
1591:References
1476:Adjectives
730:Consonants
670:See also:
441:, Ewatto,
128:newspapers
57:improve it
2234:Koro Zuba
2194:Bassa Nge
2111:Okpamheri
1738:2380-176X
1697:2449-1179
1389:ọhle (it)
1365:uwẹ (you)
1111:Close-mid
919:Fricative
887:Affricate
757:Post-alv.
725:Phonology
577:Esan West
499:Esan West
478:Esan name
411:Glottolog
395:ISO 639-3
304:Ethnicity
239:for Esan.
63:talk page
1964:Itsekiri
1946:Yoruboid
1349:Singular
1339:Pronouns
1193:Alphabet
1134:Open-mid
752:Alveolar
740:Bilabial
707:Esanland
658:Urhomwun
620:Igueben
586:Okhuedua
465:Dialects
453:, Uzea,
418:esan1238
250:May 2020
2254:Idomoid
2224:Kakanda
2157:SW Okpe
2121:NW Okpe
2055:Ikpeshi
2020:Afenmai
1999:Engenni
1916:Ikwerre
1681:(1–2).
1421:ikpọle
1413:ituan
1352:Plural
1249:Esanize
1210:Grammar
1066:Central
822:Plosive
779:Glottal
762:Palatal
703:English
628:Ugbegun
625:Ugbegun
583:Ohordua
531:Igueben
524:Igueben
521:Igueben
508:Ebhoato
435:Ewohimi
298:Nigeria
242:See why
142:scholar
2306:Others
2181:Nupoid
2162:Urhobo
2101:Ehueun
2075:Sasaru
2065:Okpela
2040:Ghotuo
1994:Degema
1969:Yoruba
1896:Ekpeye
1888:Igboid
1736:
1695:
1418:ukpọle
1410:otuan
1320:plural
1293:oho, a
1260:Ẹkpoma
1051:Vowels
988:Rhotic
772:Labio-
747:dental
745:Labio-
641:Ugboha
600:Ubiaza
597:Ubiaja
540:Ilushi
537:Ilushi
505:Ewatto
459:Ugboha
455:Ubiaja
443:Ebelle
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
2328:Ukaan
2318:Akoko
2313:Akpes
2282:Igede
2277:Idoma
2272:Etulo
2267:Alago
2262:Agatu
2219:Gwari
2204:Ebira
2167:Uvbie
2152:Isoko
2147:Eruwa
2126:Uhami
2116:Oloma
2106:Iyayu
2096:Akuku
2080:Uneme
2070:Ososo
2050:Ikhin
2030:Enwan
1987:Delta
1979:Edoid
1959:Igala
1878:Saxwe
1868:Pherá
1863:Tofin
1843:Gbesi
1828:Ayizo
1823:Alada
1795:Ayere
1722:(2).
1467:Verbs
1297:an, i
1280:ẹnyẹn
1272:agbọn
1215:Nouns
1078:Close
1061:Front
786:Nasal
774:velar
767:Velar
699:Kings
687:Irrua
683:Uromi
677:Usage
655:Uromi
644:Owaha
554:Uruwa
551:Irrua
451:Uromi
447:Irrua
356:Edoid
288:Ishan
149:JSTOR
135:books
2297:Yala
2292:Akpa
2287:Yace
2244:Nupe
2239:Kupa
2229:Kami
2209:Gade
2199:Dibo
2131:Ukue
2045:Igwe
2035:Esan
2004:Epie
1936:Ogba
1931:Mgbo
1926:Izii
1921:Ikwo
1906:Igbo
1901:Ezaa
1873:Phla
1858:Tɔli
1800:Ahan
1734:ISSN
1693:ISSN
1604:Esan
1405:Aah
1301:o, u
1284:itọn
1276:eran
1167:Open
1071:Back
695:Uzea
689:and
457:and
431:Ogwa
427:Esan
367:Esan
351:yeai
282:Esan
202:lang
121:news
2323:Oko
2189:Asu
2025:Edo
1954:Ede
1911:Ika
1853:Gun
1848:Gen
1838:Fon
1833:Ewe
1818:Aja
1810:Gbe
1724:doi
1683:doi
1606:at
1268:oya
1264:uri
1256:ato
905:d͡ʒ
899:t͡ʃ
877:ɡ͡b
871:k͡p
719:gbe
691:Ewu
614:Udo
611:Udo
439:Ewu
402:ish
237:ish
222:IPA
104:by
2345::
1732:.
1720:12
1718:.
1714:.
1691:.
1677:.
1673:.
1648:^
1632:.
1450:^c
1440:^b
1430:^a
1315:rr
1311:ss
1307:hh
1282:,
1278:,
1274:,
1266:,
1262:,
1258:,
1243:,
1239:,
1235:,
1231:,
1227:,
1223:,
1159:ɔ̃
1145:ɛ̃
685:,
461:.
437:,
337:?
207:,
66:.
1771:e
1764:t
1757:v
1740:.
1726::
1699:.
1685::
1679:5
1642:.
1402:–
1303:d
1299:l
1295:v
1291:h
1245:u
1241:ọ
1237:o
1233:i
1229:ẹ
1225:e
1221:a
1180:ã
1175:a
1154:ɔ
1140:ɛ
1126:o
1117:e
1103:ũ
1098:u
1089:ĩ
1084:i
1040:w
1031:j
1024:l
998:r
980:h
971:ɣ
965:x
958:ʃ
951:z
945:s
938:v
932:f
925:β
864:ɡ
858:k
849:d
843:t
834:b
828:p
808:ɲ
801:n
792:m
759:/
270:)
264:(
252:)
248:(
244:.
171:)
165:(
160:)
156:(
146:·
139:·
132:·
125:·
98:.
73:)
69:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
