137:, such as gentamicin and amikacin, are best suited for RLP because they have higher efficacy at higher concentrations, while time-dependent antibiotics such as penicillin and ceftiofur may be used, but have a shorter duration. However, expense is usually less of a limiting factor because a smaller amount may be used relative to systemic administration.
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site of interest, and a needle inserted into a superficial vein of the limb below the tourniquet. The medication is delivered and the tourniquet is removed after 20–30 minutes. Because of the size of the limbs, RLP is not possible above the elbow or stifle of a horse because of inadequate compression of the underlying blood vessels.
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consisting of cannulae, tubing, peristaltic roller pump, heat exchanger, and pressure monitoring/safety devices. Care must be used in handling the drugs and waste material as they are extremely toxic. Among other types of cancer, isolated limb perfusion has been used to treat in transit metastatic melanoma.
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Sole, A., Spriet, M., Padgett, K. A., Vaughan, B., Galuppo, L. D., Borjesson, D. L., Wisner, E. R. and Vidal, M. A. (2013), Distribution and persistence of technetium-99 hexamethyl propylene amine oxime-labelled bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimentally induced tendon lesions after
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Isolated limb perfusion was first introduced into the clinic by
American surgeons from New Orleans in the mid-1950s. The main purpose of the isolated limb perfusion technique is to deliver a very high dose of chemotherapy, at elevated temperature, to tumour sites without causing overwhelming systemic
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Limb perfusion of carbapenem antibiotics such as imipenem and meropenem have been studied in horses. However, a retrospective study comparing horses that received meropenem via RLP for orthopedics sepsis to a group of horses that received gentamicin via RLP for the same condition had no differences
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Horses are sedated and the procedure is performed standing. Horses must be sedated, because movement can force blood past the tourniquet and reduce the concentration of drug below the site of the tourniquet. The area of needle insertion is clipped and scrubbed. A wide tourniquet is placed above the
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occurred. The temperature is also increased to 42C causing an increased uptake of the drug by the tumor. The combination of high drug dose and high temperature is toxic systemically, thus the isolation of the limb. Blood flow through the limb is typically achieved using an extracorporeal circuit
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Van Ginkel, R. J., Hoekstra, H. J., Meutstege, F. J., Oosterhuis, J. W., Uges, D. R. A. and Koops, H. S. (1995), Hyperthermic isolated regional perfusion with cisplatin in the local treatment of spontaneous canine osteosarcoma: Assessment of short-term effects. J. Surg. Oncol., 59:
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Side effects of RLP are relatively rare when performed correctly. Partial thrombosis of a vein can occur, especially with repeated use of a vein, but complete thrombosis is rare. There may also be localized tissue irritation. Topical application of an anti-inflammatory, such as
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Duesterdieck-Zellmer KF, Driscoll N, Ott JF. Concentration-dependent effects of tiludronate on equine articular cartilage explants incubated with and without interleukin-1β. American
Journal of Veterinary Research. Oct 2012, Vol. 73, No. 10, Pages 1530-1539. doi:
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In the early 1990s an alternative technique was developed at the Royal Prince Alfred
Hospital in Sydney, Australia: isolated limb infusion. This technique is less complex and uses a minimal invasive percutaneous approach to circulatorily isolate a limb.
100:. Regional limb perfusion allows drug dose to be reduced while maintaining therapeutic concentrations at the site of interest, thereby reducing the cost of treatment, localizing application, decreasing systemic side effects, and improving efficacy.
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WHITEHAIR, K. J., BOWERSOCK, T. L., BLEVINS, W. E., FESSLER, J. F., WHITE, M. R. and VAN SICKLE, D. C. (1992), Regional Limb
Perfusion for Antibiotic Treatment of Experimentally Induced Septic Arthritis. Veterinary Surgery, 21: 367–373. doi:
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in outcome. This suggests that initial RLP treatments should utilize less critically important antimicrobials for initial RLP treatment such a gentamicin, instead of critically important antimicrobials, such as meropenem.
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WHITEHAIR, K. J., ADAMS, S. B., PARKER, J. E., BLEVINS, W. E. and FESSLER, J. F. (1992), Regional Limb
Perfusion with Antibiotics in Three Horses. Veterinary Surgery, 21: 286–292. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.1992.tb0006
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damage. (Unfortunately, while these approaches can be useful against solitary or limited metastases, they are - by definition - not systemic and therefore do not treat distributed metastases or
96:(RLP). It is most commonly used in large animals, such as horses, cows, small ruminants, and camelids. These species often require large, cost-prohibitive doses of medications to treat
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Murphey ED, Santschi EM, Papich MG. Local antibiotic perfusion of the distal limb of horses. Proceedings. 40th Annu Conv Am Assoc Equine
Practnr 1994;141–142.
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Maverakis E, Cornelius LA, Bowen GM, Phan T, Patel FB, Fitzmaurice S, He Y, Burrall B, Duong C, Kloxin AM, Sultani H, Wilken R, Martinez SR, Patel F (2015).
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is a medical technique that is used to deliver drugs locally directly to a site of interest. It is commonly used in human medicine for administration of
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Hanson RR. Complications of Equine Wound
Management and Dermatologic Surgery. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice. Vol 24(3): 663-696.
75:, and anticancer drugs are put directly into the blood of the limb. This allows the person to receive a high dose of drugs in the area where the
308:"Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of imipenem following regional limb perfusion using the saphenous and the cephalic veins in standing horses"
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Fontenot, Robin L.; Langston, Vernon C.; Zimmerman, Jamie A.; Wills, Robert W.; Sloan, Pearce B.; Mochal-King, Cathleen A. (31 July 2018).
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intratendinous injection and regional perfusion of the equine distal limb. Equine
Veterinary Journal, 45: 726–731. doi: 10.1111/evj.12063
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in septic joints. Antibiotic selection is important. Antibiotics must be approved for intravenous use, and are ideally chosen based on
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Baxter GM. Management of wounds involving synovial structures in horses. Clinical
Techniques in Equine Practice. Vol 3(2): 204-214.
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445:"Meropenem Administered via Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion for Orthopedic Sepsis in Horses: A Clinical Retrospective Study"
386:"Meropenem Administered via Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion for Orthopedic Sepsis in Horses: A Clinical Retrospective Study"
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Limb perfusion is commonly used for antibiotic administration in cases of localized infection, such as lacerations,
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to deliver drugs to a site of infection or injury, as well as for the treatment of cancer in dogs. In both cases, a
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Mosichuk, Allison P.; Smith, Joseph S.; Tatarniuk, Dane M.; Troy, Jarrod R.; Kreuder, Amanda J. (2021-03-26).
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Mosichuk, Allison P.; Smith, Joseph S.; Tatarniuk, Dane M.; Troy, Jarrod R.; Kreuder, Amanda J. (2021-03-26).
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Kelmer, G.; Tatz, A.J.; Kdoshim, E.; Britzi, M.; Segev, G. (October 2017).
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125:. RLP has been shown to produce antibiotic concentrations 25-50 times the
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195:"Metastatic melanoma - a review of current and future treatment options"
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In dogs, RLP is also used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents.
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entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
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in horses, local use of regenerative therapies, such as
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135:Concentration-dependent antibiotics
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581:Equine injury and lameness
555:Dictionary of Cancer Terms
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